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3. List of Contributors

Author

Adler, Gail K., primary, Ananth Karumanchi, S., additional, Ayoob, Rose, additional, Ayus, Juan C., additional, Bakris, George, additional, Baudrand, Rene, additional, Berl, Tomas, additional, Bollag, Wendy B., additional, Brines, Michael, additional, Brown, Alex J., additional, Brown, Ronald B., additional, Burnett Jr., John C., additional, Carey, Robert M., additional, Catanzaro, Daniel F., additional, Chauhan, Veeraish, additional, Chen, Yang, additional, Dusso, Adriana S., additional, Ecelbarger, Carolyn M., additional, Ferrario, Carlos M., additional, Friedman, Peter A., additional, Garg, Rajesh, additional, Gomez-Sanchez, Celso E., additional, Gomez-Sanchez, Elise P., additional, Gotoh, Koro, additional, Isales, Carlos M., additional, Kalim, Sahir, additional, Ko, Benjamin, additional, Kraut, Jeffrey A., additional, Macdougall, Iain C., additional, Mahan, John D., additional, Meems, Laura, additional, Menard, Joel, additional, Mihailidou, Anastasia S., additional, Mole, David R., additional, Monticone, Silvia, additional, Moritz, Michael L., additional, Nagami, Glenn T., additional, Nigwekar, Sagar U., additional, Padia, Shetal H., additional, Palmer, Biff F., additional, Parashar, Akhil, additional, Pojoga, Luminita, additional, Rainey, William E., additional, Ratcliffe, Peter J., additional, Razzaque, Mohammed S., additional, Rhee, Connie M., additional, Romero, Jose R., additional, Sands, Jeff M., additional, Schlanger, Lynn E., additional, Schrier, Robert W., additional, Shibata, Hirotaka, additional, Sica, Domenic A., additional, Simonson, Donald C., additional, Singh, Ajay K., additional, Sud, Karan, additional, Tiwari, Swasti, additional, Trask, Aaron J., additional, and Vilardaga, Jean-Pierre, additional

Published
2017
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4. Preface

Author

Singh, Ajay K., primary and Williams, Gordon H., additional

Published
2017
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5. Contributors

Author

Afnan, Jalil, primary, Alexander, Jeffrey A., additional, Alexander, Lauren F., additional, Bajpai, Surabhi, additional, Baker, Mark E., additional, Baker, Stephen R., additional, Balachandran, Aparna, additional, Balfe, Dennis M., additional, Balthazar, Emil J., additional, Barnard, Stuart A., additional, Ba-Ssalamah, Ahmed, additional, Bennett, Genevieve L., additional, Berggruen, Senta, additional, Berlin, Jonathan W., additional, Bissett, George S., additional, Bittane, Roi M., additional, Blake, Michael A., additional, Borghei, Peyman, additional, Boyd, Kevin P., additional, Brandwein, Warren M., additional, Bruining, David H., additional, Buck, James L., additional, Butler, Carina L., additional, Butros, Selim R., additional, Carucci, Laura R., additional, Chang, Wei-Chou, additional, Chinnappan, Raj R., additional, Choi, Byung Ihn, additional, Cooperberg, Peter L., additional, Dachman, Abraham H., additional, Ding, Alexander, additional, Donaldson, Carolyn K., additional, Eisenberg, Ronald L., additional, Erturk, Sukru Mehmet, additional, Farrell, Thomas A., additional, Feinstein, Kate A., additional, Fernbach, Sandra K., additional, Ferral, Hector, additional, Fintelmann, Florian J., additional, Fishman, Elliot K., additional, Fletcher, Joel G., additional, Fowler, Kathryn J., additional, Frazier, Aletta A., additional, Fulcher, Ann S., additional, Gabriel, Helena, additional, Gaca, Ana Maria, additional, Garcia-Reyes, Kirema, additional, Gayer, Gabriela, additional, Ghahremani, Gary G., additional, Glick, Seth N., additional, Gore, Margaret D., additional, Gore, Richard M., additional, Gourtsoyianni, Sofia, additional, Gourtsoyiannis, Nicholas C., additional, Green, Jared R., additional, Gualdi, Gianfranco, additional, Gupta, Rajan T., additional, Guttikonda, Ravi, additional, Halvorsen, Robert A., additional, Hammond, Nancy A., additional, Harisinghani, Mukesh G., additional, Hedgire, Sandeep S., additional, Hoff, Frederick L., additional, Hollingsworth, Caroline L., additional, Horton, Karen M., additional, Huang, Steven Y., additional, Huprich, James E., additional, Ivanovic, Aleksandar M., additional, Jacobs, Jill E., additional, Javors, Bruce R., additional, Jones, Bronwyn, additional, Kalra, Naveen, additional, Kambadakone, Avinash, additional, Kappil, Mariam M., additional, Keppke, Ana L., additional, Kim, David H., additional, Kim, Stanley Taeson, additional, Kitchin, Douglas R., additional, Kochman, Michael L., additional, Koh, Dow-Mu, additional, Krishna, J. Satheesh, additional, Kulkarni, Naveen, additional, Lappas, John C., additional, Laufer, Igor, additional, Lee, Jr, Fred T., additional, Lee, Jeong Min, additional, Levine, Marc S., additional, Levy, Angela D., additional, Lim-Dunham, Jennifer E., additional, Little, Mark D., additional, Low, Russell N., additional, Maglinte, Dean D.T., additional, Mahmutoglu, Abdullah, additional, Manning, Maria A., additional, Marn, Charles S., additional, Masselli, Gabriele, additional, McDermott, Shaunagh, additional, Megibow, Alec J., additional, Mehta, Uday K., additional, Mellnick, Vincent M., additional, Menias, Christine O., additional, Meranda, Joseph, additional, Messmer, James M., additional, Meyers, Arthur B., additional, Meyers, Morton A., additional, Miller, Frank H., additional, Morgan, Tara, additional, Mortele, Koenraad J., additional, Mueller, Peter R., additional, Mullan, Brian P., additional, Narra, Vamsi, additional, Nemcek, Jr, Albert A., additional, Newmark, Geraldine Mogavero, additional, Nicholas, Jennifer L., additional, Nikolaidis, Paul, additional, Ott, David J., additional, Owen, Joseph, additional, Ozkan, Orhan S., additional, Papanikolaou, Nickolas, additional, Patel, Mikin V., additional, Patel, Pritesh, additional, Paulson, Erik K., additional, Peterson, Christine M., additional, Pickhardt, Perry J., additional, Qayyum, Aliya, additional, Rabin, David N., additional, Raman, Siva P., additional, Rodgers, Peter M., additional, Ros, Pablo R., additional, Rubesin, Stephen E., additional, Sagebiel, Tara, additional, Sahani, Dushyant V., additional, Saini, Sanjay, additional, Saker, Martha Cotsen, additional, Salem, Riad, additional, Sandrasegaran, Kumar, additional, Sanyal, Rupan, additional, Scheirey, Christopher D., additional, Scholz, Francis J., additional, Seyal, Adeel R., additional, Shelly, Martin J., additional, Sherbahn, Linda C., additional, Shirkhoda, Ali, additional, Silva, Ana Catarina, additional, Silverman, Paul M., additional, Silverman, Stuart G., additional, Silvers, Robert I., additional, Singh, Ajay K., additional, Skucas, Jovitas, additional, Smith, Gail S., additional, Somers, Sat, additional, Stanson, Anthony W., additional, Summers, Allison L., additional, Szucs, Richard A., additional, Talamonti, Mark, additional, Taylor, Andrew J., additional, Thakrar, Darshit J., additional, Thakrar, Kiran H., additional, Thian, Yee Liang, additional, Thoeni, Ruedi F., additional, Thomas, Stephen, additional, Thompson, William Moreau, additional, Tirkes, Temel, additional, Turner, Mary Ann, additional, Uyeda, Jennifer W., additional, Vandermeer, Fauzia Q., additional, Vogelzang, Robert L., additional, Vos, Patrick M., additional, Wehrli, Natasha, additional, Wenzke, Daniel R., additional, Wolf, Ellen L., additional, Wong-You-Cheong, Jade J., additional, Wood, Cecil G., additional, Woods, Michael A., additional, Yaghmai, Vahid, additional, and Yeh, Benjamin M., additional

Published
2015
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6. List of Contributors

Author

Afshinnia, Farsad, primary, Agarwal, Anupam, additional, Appel, Gerald B., additional, Bagby, Susan P., additional, Bailey, James L., additional, Bakris, George L., additional, Barrett, Brendan J., additional, Bauer, Carolyn A., additional, Berl, Tomas, additional, Berns, Jeffrey S., additional, Bomback, Andrew, additional, Bose, Anirban, additional, Brosius, Frank C., additional, Brown, Lee K., additional, Bushinsky, David A., additional, Busse, Laurence W., additional, Campbell, Ruth C., additional, Cathro, Helen, additional, Chawla, Lakhmir S., additional, Chen, Sheldon, additional, Chertow, Glenn M., additional, Chew, Emily, additional, Chonchol, Michel, additional, Clive, David M., additional, Cohen, Debbie L., additional, Cohen, Lewis M., additional, Cohen, Scott D., additional, Collins, Ashte’ K., additional, Combs, Sara, additional, Correa-Rotter, Ricardo, additional, Cukor, Daniel, additional, Dalal, Monica, additional, Dancik, Tavis, additional, Davenport, Andrew, additional, Davison, Sara, additional, Zeeuw, Dick de, additional, Delanaye, Pierre, additional, Dharia, Sushma M., additional, Dobre, Mirela A., additional, Drawz, Paul, additional, Dreisbach, Albert W., additional, Emmett, Michael, additional, Fanton, John H., additional, Felsenfeld, Arnold J., additional, Fernandez, Hilda, additional, Flessner, Michael F., additional, Freedman, Barry I., additional, Fruchter, Yvette, additional, Furth, Susan L., additional, García-García, Guillermo, additional, Germain, Michael J., additional, Germino, Gregory G., additional, Goligorsky, Michael S., additional, Greenberg, Arthur, additional, Guay-Woodford, Lisa M., additional, Hawkins, Katrina, additional, Herzog, Charles A., additional, Holley, Jean L., additional, Hostetter, Thomas H., additional, House, Andrew A., additional, Hruska, Keith A., additional, Huan, Yonghong, additional, Ibrahim, Hassan N., additional, Imran, Nashat, additional, Iñiguez, Jonathan Chávez, additional, Isom, Robert T., additional, Jablonski, Kristen L., additional, Jhaveri, Kenar D., additional, Johansen, Kirsten, additional, Johnson, Richard J., additional, Junghare, Milind Y., additional, Kang, Duk-Hee, additional, Karadsheh, Feras F., additional, Kari, Jameela, additional, Kasiske, Bertram L., additional, Khoury, Charbel C., additional, Kimmel, Paul L., additional, Kopp, Jeffrey B., additional, Kummer, Andrew, additional, Heerspink, Hiddo J.Lambers, additional, Lerman, Lilach O., additional, Levin, Adeera, additional, Levine, Barton S., additional, Lew, Susie Q., additional, Mandayam, Sreedhar, additional, Mattoo, Tej K., additional, Maynard, Sharon E., additional, Meyer, Timothy W., additional, Mitch, William E., additional, Moss, Alvin H., additional, Moxey-Mims, Marva, additional, Muntner, Paul, additional, Murray, Anne M., additional, Nath, Karl A., additional, Neugarten, Joel, additional, No, Gloria, additional, Pahl, Madeleine V., additional, Paller, Mark S., additional, Palmer, Biff F., additional, Parfrey, Patrick S., additional, Patel, Samir S., additional, Pecoits-Filho, Roberto, additional, Peitzman, Steven J., additional, Peixoto, Aldo J., additional, Pham, Phuong-Chi T., additional, Pham, Phuong-Thu T., additional, Rabelink, Ton J., additional, Radhakrishnan, Jai, additional, Raed, Anas, additional, Raj, Dominic S., additional, Ramirez-Sandoval, Juan Carlos, additional, Reckelhoff, Jane F., additional, Ronco, Claudio, additional, Rosenberg, Mark E., additional, Rosner, Mitchell H., additional, Rovin, Brad, additional, Roy-Chaudhury, Prabir, additional, Ruebner, Rebecca, additional, Rule, Andrew D., additional, Sands, Jeff M., additional, Scheinman, Steven J., additional, Schlanger, Lynn E., additional, Seifert, Michael E., additional, Seliger, Stephen, additional, Singh, Ajay K., additional, Stendahl, John C., additional, Surendran, Kameswaran, additional, Textor, Stephen C., additional, Thadhani, Ravi I., additional, Townsend, Raymond R., additional, Unruh, Mark L., additional, Vassalotti, Joseph A., additional, Vaziri, Nosratola D., additional, Velasquez, Manuel T., additional, Ver Halen, Nisha, additional, Wang, Connie J., additional, Wanner, Christoph, additional, Weber, Marc, additional, Weir, Matthew R., additional, Wing, Maria R., additional, Winn, Michelle P., additional, Wymer, David C., additional, Yee, Jerry, additional, and Ziyadeh, Fuad N., additional

Published
2015
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21. List of Contributors

Author

Adler, Gail K., primary, Ayus, Juan Carlos, additional, Bakris, George, additional, Berl, Tomas, additional, Bollag, Wendy B., additional, Brown, Alex J., additional, Burnett, John C., additional, Cai, Zheqing, additional, Carey, Robert M., additional, Catanzaro, Daniel F., additional, Coghlan, John, additional, Dusso, Adriana S., additional, Ecelbarger, Carolyn A., additional, Ferrario, Carlos M., additional, Friedman, Peter A., additional, Galigniana, Mario, additional, Garg, Rajesh, additional, Gomez-Sanchez, Celso E., additional, Gomez-Sanchez, Elise P., additional, Isales, Carlos M., additional, Jüppner, Harald, additional, Ananth Karumanchi, S., additional, Keithi-Reddy, Sairam, additional, Ko, Benjamin, additional, Kraut, Jeffrey A., additional, Lam, Chun, additional, Lee, Candace Y.W., additional, Lim, Victoria S., additional, Lin, Herbert Y., additional, Macdougall, Iain C., additional, Mahan, John D., additional, Menard, Joel, additional, Mole, David R., additional, Moritz, Michael L., additional, Nagami, Glenn T., additional, Padia, Shetal H., additional, Palmer, Biff F., additional, Patel, Tejas, additional, Pendse, Shona, additional, Portale, Anthony A., additional, Rainey, William E., additional, Ratcliffe, Peter J., additional, Reudelhuber, Timothy L., additional, Sands, Jeff M., additional, Schlanger, Lynn E., additional, Schrier, Robert W., additional, Semenza, Gregg L., additional, Singh, Ajay K., additional, Sica, Domenic A., additional, Simonson, Donald C., additional, Suneja, Manish, additional, Tait, James F., additional, Tiwari, Swasti, additional, and Trask, Aaron J., additional

Published
2009
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22. Preface

Author

Singh, Ajay K., primary and Williams, Gordon H., additional

Published
2009
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24. Contributors

Author

Akuthota, Venu, primary, Alleva, Joseph T., additional, Amy, Eduardo, additional, Atkinson, Karen, additional, Audette, Joseph F., additional, Bach, John R., additional, Bailey, Allison, additional, Baima, Jennifer, additional, Banerjee, Sarah S., additional, Bang, Moon Suk, additional, Banks, Norman L., additional, Barr, Karen P., additional, Belanger, Heather G., additional, Bienkowski, Peter, additional, Black-Schaffer, Randie M., additional, Blount, Philip J., additional, Bockenek, William L., additional, Bogie, Kath, additional, Borg, Kristian, additional, Borg-Stein, Joanne, additional, Bowen, Jay E., additional, Brault, Jeffrey S., additional, Braverman, Steven E., additional, Braza, Diane W., additional, Brennan, Patrick, additional, Brodie, Jeffrey T., additional, Burke, David, additional, Caban, Mabel E., additional, Carayannopoulos, Alexios, additional, Cassidy, Charles, additional, Cassius, David A., additional, Cheville, Andrea, additional, Chew, Kelvin, additional, Childers, Martin K., additional, Chow, Chien, additional, Chung, Victor, additional, Clinchot, Daniel M., additional, Cohen, Isaac, additional, Craig, Earl J., additional, Curtis, Christine, additional, Dave, Jatin, additional, Davis, Alan M., additional, Del Toro, David R., additional, Devine, Jennifer, additional, Dillingham, Timothy R., additional, Dreyer, Susan J., additional, Dudek, Nancy, additional, Dugan, Sheila, additional, Ebenbichler, Gerold R., additional, Abd, Omar El, additional, Ellenberg, Maury, additional, Ensrud, Erik, additional, Fast, Avital, additional, Feldman, Jeffery B., additional, Fitzgerald, Brian T., additional, Foster, Leslie S., additional, Foye, Patrick M., additional, Fredericson, Michael, additional, Gittler, Michelle, additional, Glenn, Mel B., additional, Gonzalez, Peter, additional, Grosser, Dawn M., additional, Guo, H. Michael, additional, Gupta, Navneet, additional, Hacker, Hope S., additional, Hanada, Ed, additional, Hanson, Toni J., additional, Harrington, Amanda L., additional, Hatch, Sandra S., additional, Hecht, Melvyn L., additional, Ho, Chester H., additional, Hoch, Anne Z., additional, Honet, Joseph C., additional, Hudgins, Thomas H., additional, Humayun, Faiza, additional, Imamura, Marta, additional, Tomikawa Imamura, Satiko, additional, Isaac, Zacharia, additional, Jouve, Cristin, additional, Jung, Se Hee, additional, Kaplan, Robert J., additional, Kay, Jonathan, additional, Kaynan, Ayal M., additional, Keplinger, Florian S., additional, Kile, Todd A., additional, King, John C., additional, Knight, Ricardo, additional, Kortte, Jason H., additional, Krabak, Brian J., additional, Krivickas, Lisa S., additional, Krug, Robert J., additional, Latlief, Gail A., additional, Lee, Elise H., additional, Lee, Sammy M., additional, Lee, Shi-Uk, additional, Lee, Yong-Tae, additional, Lennard, Ted A., additional, Lento, Paul, additional, Lim, Peter A.C., additional, Lindgren, Karl-August, additional, Loder, Elizabeth, additional, Maguire, Sandra, additional, Malanga, Gerard A., additional, Mashey, Katherine, additional, Matsuo, Koichiro, additional, McInnis, Kelly, additional, McIntosh, Peter M., additional, Meleger, Alec L., additional, Micheli, Lyle J., additional, Micheo, William, additional, Moore, William, additional, Mostoufi, S. Ali, additional, Mudgal, Chaitanya S., additional, Mulford, Gregory J., additional, Nesathurai, Shanker, additional, Nolla, José M., additional, O'Neill, Carina J., additional, Osborne, Michael D., additional, Packel, Lora Beth, additional, Palmer, Jeffrey B., additional, Pasquina, Paul F., additional, Patel, Atul, additional, Perkash, Inder, additional, Phillips, Edward M., additional, Pobre, Thomas E., additional, Pollack, Elliot, additional, Rahman, Mahboob U., additional, Rainville, James, additional, Ramos, Edwardo, additional, Ring, David, additional, Rosenberg, Darren, additional, Riutta, Justin, additional, Rizzo, Thomas D., additional, Rutkove, Seward B., additional, Sabharwal, Sunil, additional, Santiago, Francisco H., additional, Scardina, Robert J., additional, Schaufele, Michael K., additional, Schneider, Jeffrey C., additional, Scholten, Joel D., additional, Scott, Steven G., additional, Segal, Miriam, additional, Shah, Vivek M., additional, Shahban, Lena, additional, Sharma, Nutan, additional, Silver, Julie K., additional, Silver, Kenneth H., additional, Singh, Ajay K., additional, Singla, Aneesh, additional, Sipple, Daniel, additional, Skerker, Robert S., additional, Slovik, David M., additional, Sokolof, Jonas, additional, Spinelli, James, additional, Stein, Joel, additional, Stein, Meryl, additional, Stilp, Sonja K., additional, Stitik, Todd P., additional, Storm, Seneca A., additional, Stretanski, Michael F., additional, Thomas, Ann-Marie, additional, Thomas, Mark A., additional, Thompson, Anita, additional, Trudel, Guy, additional, Umphrey, Gregory L., additional, Vallarino, Roman, additional, Vanderploeg, Rodney D., additional, Vetter, Carole S., additional, Vora, Ariana, additional, Walsh, Aimee H., additional, Wang, David, additional, Wang, Yumei, additional, Weiss, Jay M., additional, Weiss, Lyn D., additional, Wexler, David, additional, Wierbicky, Jane, additional, Wieting, J. Michael, additional, Wilkins, Allen N., additional, and Zhao, Meijuan, additional

Published
2008
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25. Contributors

Author

Aguzzi, Adriano, primary, Albers, James W., additional, Alger, Jeffry R., additional, Allen, Richard P., additional, Aranow, Cynthia, additional, Backonja, Misha-Miroslav, additional, Balmer, Curtis W., additional, Batchelor, Tracy, additional, Benarroch, Eduardo E., additional, Berciano, José, additional, Bertram, Edward H., additional, Bhatia, Radhika, additional, Biller, Jose, additional, Birbeck, Gretchen L., additional, Bleck, Thomas P., additional, Bosworth, Brian P., additional, Bowsher, David, additional, Brooks, Benjamin, additional, Bukelis, Irena, additional, Caronna, John J., additional, Carter, John C., additional, Cavaletti, Guido, additional, Chand, Pratap, additional, Chong, Ji Y., additional, Cleland, James C., additional, Colosimo, Carlo, additional, Condon, Timothy P., additional, Sander Connolly, E., additional, Cortopassi, Gino, additional, Crystal, Ronald G., additional, Cutting, Laurie E., additional, Dafer, Rima M., additional, Dalakas, Marinos C., additional, Dalmau, Josep, additional, de Saint Martin, Anne, additional, Detre, John A., additional, Dhawan, Vijay, additional, Diamond, Betty, additional, Patrick Andrews Drummond, Sean, additional, Eidelberg, David, additional, Eisenach, John H., additional, Elshihabi, Said, additional, Fan, QiWen, additional, Fealey, Robert D., additional, Ferrari, Michel D., additional, Ferriero, Donna M., additional, Fink, Gereon R., additional, Fischbeck, Kenneth H., additional, Furie, Karen, additional, Gálvez-Jiménez, Néstor, additional, Geser, Felix, additional, Glatzel, Markus, additional, Goadsby, Peter J., additional, Goldin, Alan L., additional, Greenland, Karen J., additional, Griggs, Robert C., additional, Gutmann, David H., additional, Hagel, Christian, additional, Hagerman, Paul J., additional, Harris, Kendra, additional, Hartung, Hans-Peter, additional, Hemmer, Bernhard, additional, Heppner, Frank L., additional, Herbert, Martha R., additional, Herrmann, David N., additional, Hirano, Michio, additional, Hirsch, Edouard, additional, Hoff, Julian T., additional, Hoon, Alexander H., additional, Hyman, Bradley T., additional, Jain, Samay, additional, Jänig, Wilfrid, additional, Jaradeh, Safwan S., additional, Jellinger, Kurt A., additional, Joyner, Michael J., additional, Kaufmann, Walter E., additional, Keep, Richard F., additional, Kellogg, Aaron, additional, Kieseier, Bernd C., additional, Kinsman, Stephen L., additional, Köller, Hubertus, additional, Kowal, Czeslawa, additional, Lamszus, Katrin, additional, Landzberg, Brian R., additional, Lev, Michael H., additional, Lieberman, David N., additional, Lim, Leland E., additional, Lipkin, Paul H., additional, Litvan, Irene, additional, London, Zachary, additional, Low, Phillip A., additional, Mackay, Meggan, additional, Mahowald, Mark W., additional, Manzo, Luigi, additional, Maragakis, Nicholas J., additional, Masdeu, Joseph C., additional, Mazzoni, Pietro, additional, McLean, Pamela J., additional, Mercadante, Sebastiano, additional, Meyer, Ana-Claire, additional, Mignot, Emmanuel, additional, Miller, Steven P., additional, Mostofsky, Stewart, additional, Mrugala, Maciej, additional, Newcomer, Anne, additional, Nobbio, Lucilla, additional, Noorbakhsh, Farshid, additional, Novak, Peter, additional, O'Donoghue, John L., additional, Orr, Harry T., additional, Fleming Outiero, Tiago, additional, Palestrant, David, additional, Pedley, Timothy A., additional, Perez-Velasquez, Jose-Luis, additional, Perlis, Michael L., additional, Persson, Anders I., additional, Phillips, Joanna J., additional, Piersall, Linda, additional, Pigeon, Wilfred R., additional, Pomerantz, Stuart R., additional, Pop-Busui, Rodica, additional, Power, Christopher, additional, Powers, James M., additional, Rando, Thomas A., additional, Ratan, Rajiv R., additional, Rimrodt, Sheryl L., additional, Rothstein, Jeffrey D., additional, Russell, James W., additional, Rutka, James T., additional, Saling, Michael M., additional, Scharfman, Helen E., additional, Schenck, Carlos H., additional, Schenone, Angelo, additional, Schrage, William G., additional, Schroeter, Michael, additional, Schütz, Peter W., additional, Simmons, Zachary, additional, Singer, Harvey S., additional, Singh, Ajay K., additional, Singleton, J.R., additional, Smith, A.G., additional, Carter Snead, O., additional, Sorenson, Eric J., additional, Srikanth, Velandai, additional, Stöckler, Sylvia, additional, Sumner, Charlotte J., additional, Swash, Michael, additional, Teener, James W., additional, Thornton, Charles A., additional, Thrift, Amanda G., additional, Töpfnerz, Nicole, additional, Tsuji, Shoji, additional, Turetz, Meredith L., additional, Twydell, Paul, additional, Vercueil, Laurent, additional, Vernino, Steven, additional, Vincent, Angela, additional, Volpe, Bruce T., additional, Wagner, Kenneth R., additional, Walkley, Steven U., additional, Weil, Robert J., additional, Weiss, William A., additional, Weksler, Babette B., additional, Wenning, Gregor K., additional, Westner, Ingo M., additional, Westphal, Manfred, additional, Wilkinson, Philip A., additional, Wong, Alice, additional, Xi, Guohua, additional, Zajac, Jeffrey D., additional, and Zeitzer, Jamie M., additional

Published
2007
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27. Aldosterone Receptors and Their Renal Effects: Molecular Biology and Gene Regulation

Author

Elise P. Gomez-Sanchez, Mario D. Galigniana, Celso E. Gomez-Sanchez, Singh, Ajay K., and Williams, Gordon H.

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Kidney, Aldosterone, CIENCIAS MÉDICAS Y DE LA SALUD, Renal sodium reabsorption, medicine.drug_class, Sodium, chemistry.chemical_element, Medicina Clínica, Biology, EFECTOS NO GENOMICOS, Natriuresis, chemistry.chemical_compound, Mineralocorticoid receptor, Endocrinology, medicine.anatomical_structure, NATRIURESIS, chemistry, Mineralocorticoid, Internal medicine, Endocrinología y Metabolismo, medicine, ALDOSTERONE, MINERALOCORTICOID RECEPTOR, Receptor
Abstract

Steroid hormones bind to and activate intracellular receptors that act as transcription factors that induce the synthesis of specific proteins within the target cells. Aldosterone binds to high-affinity cytoplasmic and nuclear receptors in the kidney and other mineralocorticoid target organs, inducing the synthesis of proteins that mediate the best understood effects of aldosterone. Aldosterone injected intra-arterially or into the renal artery resulted in a decrease in sodium and increased potassium excretion with a delay of 5–30 minutes, with no consistent effect in glomerular filtration rate. Acute subcutaneous administration of aldosterone increases sodium efflux from rat-tail artery smooth muscle due to a specific action on mineralocorticoid receptor (MR). Aldosterone has two types of action on sodium transport: a very rapid increase of passive sodium efflux, insensitive to actinomycin D (inhibitor of transcription), and a delayed stimulation of ouabain-dependent sodium efflux and an ouabain-independent sodium efflux that are completely blocked by actinomycin D. Both the early and late effects were blocked by the spirolactone. These studies indicated that aldosterone had an early, nongenomic effect on sodium transport that was mediated by the MR and a late or classic genomic effect mediated by the MR. Fil: Gómez Sánchez, Celso E.. G.V. Sonny Montgomery VA Medical Center; Estados Unidos. University of Mississippi; Estados Unidos Fil: Gómez Sánchez, Elise P.. G.V. Sonny Montgomery VA Medical Center; Estados Unidos. University of Mississippi; Estados Unidos Fil: Galigniana, Mario Daniel. Fundación Instituto Leloir; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Published
2009

28. The ASCEND-NHQ randomized trial found positive effects of daprodustat on hemoglobin and quality of life in patients with non-dialysis chronic kidney disease.

Author

Johansen KL, Cobitz AR, Singh AK, Macdougall IC, Lopes RD, Obrador GT, Kovesdy CP, Israni R, Jha V, Okoro T, Sprys M, Jolly S, Lindsay AC, Bhatt P, Camejo RR, Keeley T, Cizman B, and Wheeler DC

Subjects
Adult, Humans, Quality of Life, Hemoglobins analysis, Barbiturates adverse effects, Hematinics adverse effects, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic complications, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic diagnosis, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic drug therapy
Abstract

The ASCEND-NHQ trial evaluated the effects of daprodustat on hemoglobin and the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short Form Survey (SF-36) Vitality score (fatigue) in a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 3-5, hemoglobin 8.5-10.0 g/dl, transferrin saturation 15% or more, and ferritin 50 ng/ml or more without recent erythropoiesis-stimulating agent use were randomized (1:1) to oral daprodustat or placebo to achieve and maintain target hemoglobin of 11-12 g/dl over 28 weeks. The primary endpoint was the mean change in hemoglobin between baseline and the evaluation period (Weeks 24-28). Principal secondary endpoints were proportion of participants with a 1 g/dl or more increase in hemoglobin and mean change in the Vitality score between baseline and Week 28. Outcome superiority was tested (1-sided alpha level of 0.025). Overall, 614 participants with non-dialysis-dependent CKD were randomized. The adjusted mean change in hemoglobin from baseline to the evaluation period was greater with daprodustat (1.58 vs 0.19 g/dl). The adjusted mean treatment difference (AMD) was significant at 1.40 g/dl (95% confidence interval 1.23, 1.56). A significantly greater proportion of participants receiving daprodustat showed a 1 g/dl or greater increase in hemoglobin from baseline (77% vs 18%). The mean SF-36 Vitality score increased by 7.3 and 1.9 points with daprodustat and placebo, respectively; a clinically and statistically significant 5.4 point Week 28 AMD increase. Adverse event rates were similar (69% vs 71%); relative risk 0.98, (95% confidence interval 0.88, 1.09). Thus, in participants with CKD stages 3-5, daprodustat resulted in a significant increase in hemoglobin and improvement in fatigue without an increase in the overall frequency of adverse events., (Copyright © 2023 International Society of Nephrology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2023
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29. Renal pathology practice globally: identifying needs and meeting the challenge.

Author

Bijol V, Farag YMK, Harris DCH, Levin A, Roy-Chaudhury P, Singh AK, and Jhaveri KD

Subjects
Biopsy, Certification organization & administration, Certification standards, Education, Distance, Humans, International Cooperation, Kidney Diseases pathology, Nephrology organization & administration, Nephrology standards, Pathology, Clinical organization & administration, Pathology, Clinical standards, Societies, Medical organization & administration, Societies, Medical standards, Kidney pathology, Kidney Diseases diagnosis, Nephrology education, Pathologists education, Pathology, Clinical education
Published
2019
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30. High Prevalence of CKD of Unknown Etiology in Uddanam, India.

Author

Tatapudi RR, Rentala S, Gullipalli P, Komarraju AL, Singh AK, Tatapudi VS, Goru KB, Bhimarasetty DM, and Narni H

Abstract

Introduction: There were concerns raised regarding a high prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Uddanam, a fertile subtropical low-altitude territory in the southern Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. The present study was undertaken to ascertain the prevalence of CKD, disease characteristics, and risk factor profile in this area., Methods: We selected 2210 subjects (age >18 years) using multistage sampling. After obtaining demographic and anthropometric data, urinary protein-creatinine ratio, serum creatinine, and blood glucose were measured in all the subjects. Glomerular filtration rate was estimated (eGFR) using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation., Results: Mean age of the subjects was 43.2 ± 14.2 years (range: 18-98), 44.3% were men and 55.7% were women. Mean eGFR of subjects was 94.3 ± 33.4. Low eGFR (<60 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 ) was seen in 307 (13.98%) patients with a mean eGFR of 34.8 ± 16.6. The prevalence of subjects having low eGFR and with proteinuria (CKD) was 18.23%. Major risk factors, such as diabetes, long-standing hypertension, and significant proteinuria, were absent in 73% of patients with CKD, implying that a significant proportion of the population is afflicted with the entity "CKD of unknown etiology (CKDu).", Conclusion: The prevalence of CKD and CKDu in Uddanam is much higher than other earlier studies in either rural or urban communities in India. We suggest that there is a dire need to review health policies and allocate resources for prevention and treatment of CKD in the Uddanam region.

Published
2018
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31. The International Society of Nephrology (ISN) and the American Nephrologists of Indian Origin (ANIO) Online Clinical Nephropathology Certificate (CNC) program.

Author

Bijol V, Farag YMK, Shah S, Feehally J, and Singh AK

Subjects
Curriculum, Humans, International Cooperation, Kidney Diseases therapy, Nephrology standards, Pathology standards, Prognosis, Program Development, Certification standards, Education, Medical, Graduate standards, Kidney pathology, Kidney Diseases pathology, Nephrology education, Pathology education, Societies, Medical standards
Published
2016
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32. The case | Renal tubular acidosis and eye findings.

Author

Kari JA, El Desoky SM, Singh AK, Gari MA, Kleta R, and Bockenhauer D

Subjects
Acidosis, Renal Tubular genetics, Basal Ganglia Diseases diagnosis, Basal Ganglia Diseases genetics, Calcinosis diagnosis, Calcinosis genetics, Child, Preschool, Consanguinity, Corneal Opacity genetics, Corneal Opacity surgery, Female, Homozygote, Humans, Recurrence, Sequence Deletion, Sodium-Bicarbonate Symporters genetics, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Acidosis, Renal Tubular diagnosis, Corneal Opacity diagnosis
Published
2014
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33. Synthesis, spectral and antimicrobial activity of Zn(II) complexes with Schiff bases derived from 2-hydrazino-5-[substituted phenyl]-1,3,4-thiadiazole and benzaldehyde/2-hydroxyacetophenone/indoline-2,3-dione.

Author

Singh AK, Pandey OP, and Sengupta SK

Subjects
Acetophenones chemical synthesis, Anti-Bacterial Agents chemical synthesis, Anti-Bacterial Agents chemistry, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Anti-Infective Agents chemical synthesis, Anti-Infective Agents chemistry, Antifungal Agents chemical synthesis, Antifungal Agents chemistry, Antifungal Agents pharmacology, Coordination Complexes chemistry, Coordination Complexes pharmacology, Indoles chemistry, Light, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Scattering, Radiation, Schiff Bases chemistry, Schiff Bases pharmacology, Spectrophotometry, Infrared, Stereoisomerism, X-Ray Diffraction, Acetophenones chemistry, Anti-Infective Agents pharmacology, Benzaldehydes chemistry, Coordination Complexes chemical synthesis, Schiff Bases chemical synthesis, Thiadiazoles chemistry, Zinc pharmacology
Abstract

Zn(II) complexes have been synthesized by reacting zinc acetate with Schiff bases derived from 2-hydrazino-5-[substituted phenyl]-1,3,4-thiadiazole and 2-hydroxyacetophenone/benzaldehyde/indoline-2,3-dione. All these complexes are soluble in DMF and DMSO; low molar conductance values indicate that they are non electrolytes. Elemental analyses suggest that the complexes have 1:2 metal to ligands stoichiometry of the types [ZnL2(H2O)2](L=monoanionic Schiff bases derived from 2-hydrazino-5-[substituted phenyl]-1,3,4-thiadiazole and 2-hydroxyacetophenone/indoline-2,3-dione) [ZnL2(')(OOCCH3)2(H2O)2](L'=neutral Schiff bases derived from 2-hydrazino-5-[substituted phenyl]-1,3,4-thiadiazole and benzaldehyde), and they were characterized by IR, (1)H NMR, and (13)C NMR. Particle sizes of synthesized compounds were measured with dynamic light scattering (DLS) analyser which indicates that particle diameter are of the range ca. 100-200nm. All these Schiff bases and their complexes have also been screened for their antibacterial (Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis), Escherichia coli (E. coli) and antifungal activities (Colletotrichum falcatum (C. falcatum), Aspergillus niger (A. niger), Fusarium oxysporium (F. oxysporium) Curvularia pallescence (C. pallescence). The antimicrobial activities have shown that upon complexation the activity increases., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2013
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34. Is there a deleterious effect of erythropoietin in end-stage renal disease?

Author

Singh AK

Subjects
Female, Humans, Male, Diabetic Nephropathies therapy, Erythropoietin administration & dosage, Hematinics administration & dosage, Renal Dialysis methods
Abstract

The use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) in patients with chronic kidney disease has declined as randomized controlled trials have demonstrated increased risk of cardiovascular complications and mortality without a marked benefit in quality of life. Several studies have suggested that exposure to high dosages of ESA, rather than raising of the hemoglobin concentration, explains this increased risk. Cotter and colleagues report that exposure to high dosages of ESA in patients with diabetes is associated with increased risk.

Published
2011
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36. A secondary analysis of the CHOIR trial shows that comorbid conditions differentially affect outcomes during anemia treatment.

Author

Szczech LA, Barnhart HX, Sapp S, Felker GM, Hernandez A, Reddan D, Califf RM, Inrig JK, Patel UD, and Singh AK

Subjects
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anemia mortality, Chronic Disease, Comorbidity, Diabetes Mellitus, Epoetin Alfa, Female, Heart Failure, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Recombinant Proteins, Regression Analysis, Retrospective Studies, Survival Analysis, Treatment Outcome, Anemia drug therapy, Erythropoietin adverse effects, Hemoglobins analysis, Kidney Diseases complications
Abstract

The CHOIR trial in anemic patients with chronic kidney disease compared epoetin-alfa treatment with low (11.3 g/l) and high (13.5 g/l) hemoglobin targets on the composite end point of death, hospitalization for heart failure, stroke, and myocardial infarction. However, other anemia management trials in patients with chronic kidney disease found there was increased risk when hemoglobin is targeted above 13 g/dl. In this secondary analysis of the CHOIR trial, we compared outcomes among the subgroups of patients with diabetes and heart failure to describe the comparative relationship of treatment to these two different hemoglobin goals. By Cox regression analysis, there was no increased risk associated with the higher hemoglobin target among patients with heart failure. In patients without heart failure, however, the hazard ratio (1.86) associated with the higher target was significant. Comparing survival curves in an unadjusted model, patients with diabetes did not have a greater hazard associated with the higher target. Subjects without diabetes had a significantly greater hazard in the high as compared to the low target, but the interaction between diabetes and the target was not significant. We suggest that the increased risks associated with higher hemoglobin targets are not clinically apparent among subgroups with greater mortality risk. These differential outcomes underscore the need for dedicated trials in these subpopulations.

Published
2010
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37. A potential living kidney donor with prediabetes.

Author

Yang J, Singh AK, Magee CC, Pendergrass ML, and Ahmed SB

Subjects
Diabetic Nephropathies prevention & control, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Risk Factors, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 etiology, Kidney Transplantation, Living Donors
Published
2009
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38. Posttransplant anemia: the role of sirolimus.

Author

Fishbane S, Cohen DJ, Coyne DW, Djamali A, Singh AK, and Wish JB

Subjects
Anemia chemically induced, Humans, Immunosuppressive Agents, Sirolimus therapeutic use, Anemia etiology, Kidney Transplantation adverse effects, Sirolimus adverse effects
Abstract

Posttransplant anemia is a common problem that may hinder patients' quality of life. It occurs in 12 to 76% of patients, and is most common in the immediate posttransplant period. A variety of factors have been identified that increase the risk of posttransplant anemia, of which the level of renal function is most important. Sirolimus, a mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor, has been implicated as playing a special role in posttransplant anemia. This review considers anemia associated with sirolimus, including its presentation, mechanisms, and management.

Published
2009
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39. Acute phosphate nephropathy.

Author

Rocuts AK, Waikar SS, Alexander MP, Rennke HG, and Singh AK

Subjects
Acute Disease, Biopsy, Calcinosis, Diabetic Nephropathies etiology, Female, Humans, Hypertension, Kidney Tubules pathology, Middle Aged, Sclerosis, Diabetic Nephropathies diagnosis, Kidney Diseases diagnosis, Kidney Diseases etiology, Phosphates analysis
Published
2009
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40. Iron deficiency in non-dialysis chronic kidney disease.

Author

Fishbane S and Singh AK

Subjects
Adult, Anemia, Iron-Deficiency drug therapy, Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal therapeutic use, Female, Hemoglobins analysis, Humans, Iron analysis, Iron metabolism, Leiomyoma complications, Leuprolide therapeutic use, Menorrhagia etiology, Anemia, Iron-Deficiency etiology, Kidney Failure, Chronic complications
Published
2009
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41. Antiglomerular basement membrane disease associated with Castleman disease.

Author

Lv J, Zhang H, Zhou F, Zou W, Singh AK, and Wang H

Subjects
Adult, Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Disease immunology, Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Disease pathology, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Interleukin-6 blood, Male, Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Disease etiology, Castleman Disease complications
Abstract

We described a 33-year-old man with gross hematuria and acute renal failure, who had suffered from fever for 6 months, multiple cervical lymph node swelling, splenomegaly, left-sided pleural effusion. He also suffered from anemia, thrombocytopenia, hypergammaglobulinemia, and his serum interleukin-6 levels were markedly elevated. Antiglomerular basement membrane antibodies were positive in the patient's serum. Lymph node biopsy results were compatible with Castleman disease of "plasma cell" variant. Renal biopsy revealed cellular crescents in most of the glomeruli. Immunofluorescence studies showed strong deposition of IgG in a linear pattern along the glomerular basement membrane. Pathologic features were compatible with crescentic glomerulonephritis because of antiglomerular basement membrane disease. With intensive plasmapheresis and monthly chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, oncovin, prednisone regimen), the patient experienced clinical and biochemical remission. Although autoimmune phenomenon had been described frequently in Castleman disease, to the best of our knowledge, this was the first report that the patient with rapid progressive glomerulonephritis mediated by antiglomerular basement membrane antibodies, which might be associated with Castleman disease.

Published
2009
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42. Acute coronary syndrome in ESRD patients.

Author

Surana SP, Riella LV, Keithi-Reddy SR, Charytan DM, and Singh AK

Subjects
Acute Coronary Syndrome therapy, Cardiac Catheterization, Diabetic Nephropathies complications, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Renal Dialysis, Acute Coronary Syndrome diagnosis, Kidney Failure, Chronic complications
Published
2009
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43. De novo multifocal renal cell carcinoma in the renal allograft.

Author

Alexander MP, Farag YM, Mittal BV, Rennke HG, Tullius SG, and Singh AK

Subjects
Adult, Carcinoma, Renal Cell pathology, Graft Rejection, Humans, Kidney Diseases, Cystic pathology, Male, Nephrectomy, Transplantation, Homologous, Carcinoma, Renal Cell etiology, Kidney Transplantation adverse effects
Published
2009
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44. Ferric gluconate treatment provides cost savings in patients with high ferritin and low transferrin saturation.

Author

Pizzi LT, Bunz TJ, Coyne DW, Goldfarb DS, and Singh AK

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Algorithms, Drug Costs, Epoetin Alfa, Erythropoietin, Ferric Compounds therapeutic use, Hematinics economics, Hematinics therapeutic use, Hemoglobins analysis, Humans, Kidney Diseases complications, Kidney Diseases therapy, Medicare, Middle Aged, Recombinant Proteins, Renal Dialysis, United States, Anemia drug therapy, Anemia economics, Cost Savings, Ferric Compounds economics, Ferritins blood
Abstract

A subgroup of hemodialysis patients experience high serum ferritin and low tansferrin saturation for reasons not clearly understood. Here we determined the economic impact of administering sodium ferric gluconate complex to patients with serum ferritin levels higher than 500 ng/ml and a transferrin saturation less than 25% based on the Dialysis Patients Response to IV Iron with Elevated Ferritin (DRIVE) study and its extension, DRIVE II. A cost effectiveness model was developed, consistent with the DRIVE studies, using decision analysis with a 12-week time horizon. The primary effectiveness measure was the mean hemoglobin increase in the intent to treat patient groups comparing epoetin with or without sodium ferric gluconate complex. Costs were computed using projected 2007 US Medicare reimbursements for the treatments and for serious adverse events, with the effectiveness factored by the increase in hemoglobin. The net savings for sodium ferric gluconate complex plus epoetin treatment was $1390 compared to epoetin alone for each g/dl hemoglobin increase over 12 weeks of study. Sensitivity analyses were performed to test the impact of change in the variables (using medians or means and actual 2005 or projected 2007 Medicare reimbursements) and these affirmed the robustness of the model. Our study shows that treatment of patients with high ferritin and low transferrin saturation levels, as defined in DRIVE, with sodium ferric gluconate complex and epoetin resulted in significant savings compared to epoetin alone.

Published
2008
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45. Pure red cell aplasia due to follow-on epoetin.

Author

Keithi-Reddy SR, Kandasamy S, and Singh AK

Subjects
Epoetin Alfa, Humans, Kidney Failure, Chronic drug therapy, Kidney Failure, Chronic etiology, Male, Middle Aged, Nephritis, Interstitial complications, Recombinant Proteins, Renal Dialysis, Erythropoietin adverse effects, Kidney Failure, Chronic complications, Red-Cell Aplasia, Pure chemically induced
Published
2008
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46. Association of anemia and erythropoiesis stimulating agents with inflammatory biomarkers in chronic kidney disease.

Author

Keithi-Reddy SR, Addabbo F, Patel TV, Mittal BV, Goligorsky MS, and Singh AK

Subjects
Aged, Biomarkers analysis, Case-Control Studies, Chronic Disease, Epoetin Alfa, Erythropoietin therapeutic use, Female, Hematinics therapeutic use, Humans, Interleukin-6 analysis, Interleukin-8 analysis, Kidney Diseases complications, Male, Recombinant Proteins, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha analysis, Up-Regulation, Anemia pathology, Cytokines analysis, Erythropoietin pharmacology, Hematinics pharmacology, Inflammation diagnosis, Kidney Diseases pathology, Middle Aged
Abstract

Inflammatory cytokines are important predictors of cardiovascular mortality especially in patients with chronic kidney disease. Here we explored the relationship of anemia and epoetin treatment to inflammatory cytokine levels in patients with chronic kidney disease. One hundred non-dialysis patients with chronic kidney disease over 18 years of age were evenly split into anemic and non-anemic cohorts. Of the 50 anemic patients, 23 were receiving erythropoiesis stimulating agents treatments. Levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha were found to be significantly higher and serum albumin was significantly lower with trends towards higher interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 in anemic compared to non-anemic patients. Further analysis by multiple logistic regression found that anemic patients treated with erythropoiesis stimulating agents had significantly higher odds for the upper two quartiles for IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha compared to non-anemic patients. Our study found that the anemia of chronic kidney disease was associated with up regulation of TNF-alpha, and possibly IL-6 and IL-8 along with increased levels of these proinflammatory cytokines in patients treated with epoetin.

Published
2008
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47. Managing anemia in dialysis patients: hemoglobin cycling and overshoot.

Author

Singh AK, Milford E, Fishbane S, and Keithi-Reddy SR

Subjects
Aged, Anemia drug therapy, Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical adverse effects, Disorders of Excessive Somnolence etiology, Erythropoietin administration & dosage, Erythropoietin adverse effects, Female, Humans, Hypoglycemia etiology, Iatrogenic Disease, Kidney Failure, Chronic blood, Kidney Failure, Chronic etiology, Kidney Failure, Chronic therapy, Polycythemia etiology, Recombinant Proteins, Anemia blood, Anemia etiology, Hemoglobins metabolism, Renal Dialysis adverse effects
Published
2008
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48. Secondary analysis of the CHOIR trial epoetin-alpha dose and achieved hemoglobin outcomes.

Author

Szczech LA, Barnhart HX, Inrig JK, Reddan DN, Sapp S, Califf RM, Patel UD, and Singh AK

Subjects
Aged, Chronic Disease, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Epoetin Alfa, Female, Humans, Kidney Diseases blood, Kidney Diseases complications, Kidney Diseases mortality, Male, Middle Aged, Recombinant Proteins, Renal Insufficiency drug therapy, Risk, Treatment Outcome, Anemia drug therapy, Erythropoietin administration & dosage, Hemoglobins analysis, Kidney Diseases drug therapy
Abstract

Trials of anemia correction in chronic kidney disease have found either no benefit or detrimental outcomes of higher targets. We did a secondary analysis of patients with chronic kidney disease enrolled in the Correction of Hemoglobin in the Outcomes in Renal Insufficiency trial to measure the potential for competing benefit and harm from achieved hemoglobin and epoetin dose trials. In the 4 month analysis, significantly more patients in the high-hemoglobin compared to the low-hemoglobin arm were unable to achieve target hemoglobin and required high-dose epoetin-alpha. In unadjusted analyses, the inability to achieve a target hemoglobin and high-dose epoetin-alpha were each significantly associated with increased risk of a primary endpoint (death, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure or stroke). In adjusted models, high-dose epoetin-alpha was associated with a significant increased hazard of a primary endpoint but the risk associated with randomization to the high hemoglobin arm did not suggest a possible mediating effect of higher target via dose. Similar results were seen in the 9 month analysis. Our study demonstrates that patients achieving their target had better outcomes than those who did not; and among subjects who achieved their randomized target, no increased risk associated with the higher hemoglobin goal was detected. Prospective studies are needed to confirm this relationship and determine safe dosing algorithms for patients unable to achieve target hemoglobin.

Published
2008
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