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This research aims to develop and increase the appropriate polymer composite for human implants and to evaluate its mechanical properties. The composites have proved their application in several fields, but still, many types of research are going on to improve their properties and to increase the area of application. The polymer composites have also entered their utility into bone implants as a substitute for metallic implants due to problems like high cost and corrosion resistance. The polymer composites are less in weight, economical, high corrosion resistance and they can be made into any required shape. In this research the Zinc oxide (ZnO), Graphene oxide (GO), and Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) nanoparticles with wt. % reinforced polymer composites provide good mechanical properties and show good tribological properties. Among Zinc oxide, graphene oxide, calcium carbonate nanoparticles the graphene oxide reinforced High-density polyethylene (HDPE) composites have better properties and they can be most suitable for bio implant materials. With the extract-cotton seed oil and extract-Phosphate Buffer Saline (PBS) from graphene oxide (HDPE) composites, the culture medium (cell line MG-63) with direct cytotoxicity reactivity first test on extract-cotton seed oil of 10 μl and 20 μl extract exhibited a maximum of 71% and 57% cell viability and a minimum of 29% and 43% mild cytotoxicity. The culture medium with direct cytotoxicity reactivity second test on extract-Phosphate Buffer Saline (PBS) of 10 μl and 20 μl extract exhibited maximum 61% and 60% cell viability and minimum 39% and 40% cytotoxicity.

Hydroxyapatite HAP is a bioceramic that can be applied for bone tissue regeneration. Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)/Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) polymers are water-soluble and have faster biodegradation properties. The PVA-PEG-HAp thin membrane was cast by using the transparent solution petri-dish method. The PVA-PEG-HAp thin membrane was investigated by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX), and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM. Both PVA and HAp of membrane matrix had typical peaks at 2Ɵ value 19.78. PEG also has a distinctive peak at 26.687. The five (5, 25, 50, 75, and 10 μl) different concentrations of extracts of PVA-PEG-HAp thin membrane were pertinent to interacting for 24 h with the L929 mouse cell line, and the results were exhibited a maximum of 99% and 93% cell viability, 1% and 7% cytotoxicity, respectively. Hence the newly developed polymer biomembrane is a biocompatible alternative for biofilms in medical applications.

Background: Children participating in the Integrated Child Development Service (ICDS) in India have high rates of iron and vitamin A deficiency., Objective: The objective was to assess the efficacy of a premix fortified with iron and vitamin A and added at the community level to prepared khichdi, a rice and dal mixture, in increasing iron and vitamin A stores and decreasing the prevalence of iron deficiency, anemia, and vitamin A deficiency., Design: This cluster, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial was initiated in 30 Anganwadi centers (daycare centers) in West Bengal state, India. Children aged 36-66 mo (n = 516) attending village-based ICDS centers were randomly assigned to receive either a fortified or a nonfortified premix for 24 wk. Blood was drawn at 0 and 24 wk by venipuncture for the measurement of hemoglobin, serum ferritin, and serum retinol., Results: The change in the hemoglobin concentration of anemic children was significantly different between fortified and nonfortified khichdi groups (P < 0.001). Prevalence rates of anemia, iron deficiency, and iron deficiency anemia were significantly lower after 24 wk in the fortified-khichdi group than in the nonfortified-khichdi group (P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in serum retinol concentrations or in the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency between the fortified- and nonfortified-khichdi groups., Conclusion: A premix fortified with iron, vitamin A, and folic acid and added to supplementary food at the community level can be effective at increasing iron stores and reducing the prevalence of iron deficiency and anemia.