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Forest field inventory plays a crucial role in forestry management and the estimation of carbon circular economy, as it provides information on forest parameters, assesses carbon storage, and identifies the impact factors of ecological change. Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) and Mobile Mapping Systems (MMS) are commonly used for forest field inventory, but they are unable to verify the inventory results in real time. With real-time forest inventory, forestry workers can immediately verify if all trees have been correctly extracted without requiring expertise in point clouds. The advences of miniaturized, low-cost 3D sensors (such as solid-state laser scanners and Inertial Measurement Units [IMUs]) and edge computing units have made it possible to achieve real-time forest inventory using a compact, low-cost helmet. To this end, this paper presents a real-time automated forest field inventory method, which is validated on a compact, low-cost helmet-based laser scanning system. Firstly, a Fast Candidate Tree Detection (FCTD) approach is proposed to identify individual trees as candidates by utilizing a novel 2D corner detection technique based on point cloud projection, taking into account point density and geometry features. Secondly, a Spatiotemporal Consistency-based Tree Parameter Estimation (SCTPE) method is proposed to estimate the tree parameters by considering both the current submap and submaps that have been scanned in real-time. The proposed method was tested in three typical forest areas in Wuhan, China, where the main tree species present include Sapindaceae, dawn redwoods, and Platycladus. The results showed that the proposed method achieves high accuracy in tree detection (recall=0.97,precision=0.94,F=0.96). The average error and root-mean-square error (RMSE) of DBH are 0.033 m and 0.038 m, which outperforms the existing one-circle fitting model. The average error and RMSE of tree height are 0.231 m and 0.294 m. Overall, these results demonstrate the high potential of the helmet-based laser scanning system for real-time forest field inventory.

2,5-furandicarboxylic acid(FDCA) has the potential to replace terephthalic acid in the synthesis of bio-based resins. The catalytic activity of Co/Mn/Br catalyst and the effect of the fourth metal component for FDCA preparation were investigated. The highest yield of FDCA achieved 76.3% with Co/Mn/Br catalyst. Cu(OAc)2·H2O could greatly reduce the dosage of catalyst without sacrificing the activity, and the highest yield of FDCA with Co/Mn/Br/Cu catalyst was 77.2%. And the reaction processes with Co/Mn/Br catalyst and Co/Mn/Br/Cu catalyst were explored.

This study examined the neuroprotective properties of resveratrol (Res) and its target sirtuin1 (SIRT1) against lead (Pb)-mediated toxicity and discovered that both resveratrol treatment and SIRT1 overexpression restored blocked autophagic flux as well as reduced β-amyloid (Aβ) contents. Four-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were employed to consumed 0.2% Pb(Ac)2 solution or deionized water for 3 months followed by 12 months of Res (50 mg/kg BW) or vehicle gavage. In in vitro study, SH-SY5Y cells were pretreated with the SIRT1 activator SRT1720 (2 μM) or the inhibitor EX527 (2 μM) for 2 h, then 25 μM of Pb(Ac)2 was added and incubated for 48 h. Western blotting, RT-qPCR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and Lyso-Tracker Red Staining were next used to estimate the potential alterations of the autophagic pathway as well as BACE1-mediated amyloid processing in response to Pb exposure, respectively. Our data revealed that Res treatment or SIRT1 activation resisted the induction of autophagy by Pb exposure through inhibition of LC3 and Beclin-1 expression and promoted the degradation of Aβ and Tau phosphorylation. Besides, the SIRT1 activator (SRT1720) downregulated the expression of BACE1, the rate-limiting enzyme for Aβ production, by inhibiting the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in Pb-treated SH-SY5Y cells, which resulted in reduced Aβ production. Collectively, we verified the role of Res-SIRT1-autophagy as well as the SIRT1-NF-κB-BACE1 pathway in Pb-induced neuronal cell injury by in vivo or in vitro models. Our findings further elucidate the important role of SIRT1 and Res in counteracting Pb neurotoxicity, which may provide new interventions and targets for the subsequent treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.