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Aim: Liraglutide and lixisenatide improved glycemic control, weight and cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Our objective was to analyze clinical efficacy and safety differences in routine clinical practice., Methods: A 24-week prospective observational study to compare the effect of liraglutide versus lixisenatide in obese T2DM patients in routine clinical practice. The main objective was to analyze between-group glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA 1c ) differences at the end of the study. Secondary objectives included differences in body weight, other CVRF, changes in medication, side effects, satisfaction and safety., Results: A total of 100 patients (50 liraglutide, 50 lixisenatide) were included. Both groups experienced a decrease in HbA 1c values (liraglutide, -1.4%, CI 95% -2, -0.8, P < 0.001 vs. lixisenatide, -0.8%, 95% CI -1.2, -0.5, P < 0.001). No differences were found in final HbA 1c values between both groups (liraglutide 7.3 ± 0.9% vs. lixisenatide 7.2 ± 1.5%, P = 0.7). We did not detect between groups differences in anthropometric variables or CVRF at the study end. A lower proportion of patients received treatment with a maximum dose of liraglutide compared with lixisenatide (27% vs. 95%, P < 0.001). In contrast, a greater percentage of patients in the lixisenatide group than in liraglutide group (29% vs. 9%, P = 0.026) intensified treatment by the addition of sodium-glucose transporter type 2 inhibitors. Adverse events were less frequently reported in liraglutide treated patients compared with lixisentatide (80% vs. 96%, P = 0.014). No serious adverse events were detected., Conclusions: These results confirm the efficacy and safety of liraglutide and lixisenatide in routine clinical practice. Moreover, a different therapeutic effect between liraglutide and lixisenatide was detected., (Copyright © 2019 Primary Care Diabetes Europe. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) that represents one of the main causes of mortality in this population. The knowledge of the underlie factors involved in the development of CVD and the discovery of new biomarkers of the disease could help to early identification of high-risk patients. Using liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) we analyzed the serum metabolomic profile of 30 subject distributed according three groups: (i) T2DM patients with CVD; (ii) T2DM patients without CVD; (iii) non-diabetic subjects as controls (C) in order to identify potential biomarkers of the CVD related to T2DM. A partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were applied to identify differential metabolites between different groups. Four glycerophospholipids were further identified as potential biomarkers of CVD in T2DM patients. Specifically, a reduction in phosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) serum levels were found in T2DM patients compared to controls, presenting the patients with CVD the lowest serum levels of these metabolites. These results show a generalized reduction of circulating phospholipids species in T2DM patients which is more pronounced in those with CVD providing information of the pathways involved in the pathogenesis and progression of CVD associated to T2DM., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)