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3. List of contributors

Author

Susan M. Armstrong, C. Basso, Michelle Bendeck, J.M. Berthiaume, Quinn A. Bonafiglia, L. Maximilian Buja, Jagdish Butany, Giulia d’Amati, Gregory A. Fishbein, Michael C. Fishbein, C. Giordano, Avrum I. Gotlieb, Jennifer Hammers, B.D. Hoit, B.C. Jensen, J.A. Kirk, Chi K. Lai, Ryan P. Lau, Laura Lelenwa, R.C. Lyon, Joseph J. Maleszewski, Michelle McDonald, Bruce McManus, Katarzyna Michaud, Richard N. Mitchell, Masayuki Mori, Vidhya Nair, Giulia Ottaviani, M.J. Ranek, V. Rao, S. Rizzo, E. Rene Rodriguez, Maria E. Romero, Atsushi Sakamoto, Barbara Sampson, Celeste Santos-Martins, Yu Sato, Fred J. Schoen, Ana Segura, Michael A. Seidman, Atsuko Seki, F. Sheikh, Saranya Singaravel, James R. Stone, Michelle Stram, Carmela D. Tan, P. Thavendiranathan, Gaetano Thiene, M. Tolend, Pradeep Vaideeswar, John P. Veinot, Renu Virmani, Jessica Wang, M.S. Willis, and Bihong Zhao

Published
2022
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5. Pocket Companion to Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease E-Book : Pocket Companion to Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease E-Book

Author

Richard N Mitchell, Vinay Kumar, Abul K. Abbas, Jon C. Aster, Richard N Mitchell, Vinay Kumar, Abul K. Abbas, and Jon C. Aster

Subjects
Pathology--Handbooks, manuals, etc
Abstract

Offering rapid, portable access to key concepts and principles of pathology from Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 10th Edition, this up-to-date Pocket Companion makes it easy to locate essential information on the go. The condensed, at-a-glance format, organized to parallel the parent text, is ideal for quick review—anytime, anywhere. - Features cutting-edge information on important topics such as novel therapies for hepatitis C, personalized medicine, the role of microbiome and metabolome in non-communicable disease, and much more. - Includes new gross and microscopic figures for clarity of morphology and new artwork depicting the latest advances in molecular pathogenesis of cancers. - Reflects updated page references and content changes found in to Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 10th Edition. - Contains all the key data and principles needed for the USMLE Step 1, in-course exams, and rotations.

Published
2024

6. List of Contributors

Author

Abhinav Acharya, Marian A. Ackun-Farmmer, John R. Aggas, Phillip J. Andersen, James M. Anderson, Kristi Anseth, Paul A. Archer, Nureddin Ashammakhi, Jose D. Avila, Julia E. Babensee, Stephen f. Badylak, Kiheon Baek, Aaron B. Baker, Syeda Mahwish Bakht, Amit Bandyopadhyay, Aaron Barchowsky, Garrett Bass, Matthew L. Becker, Sarah Miho Van Belleghem, Danielle S.W. Benoit, Arne Biesiekierski, Kristen L. Billiar, Susmita Bose, Christopher Bowman, Steven Boyce, Bryan N. Brown, Justin L. Brown, Jeffrey R. Capadona, David G. Castner, Calvin Chang, Philip Chang, Ashutosh Chilkoti, Karen L. Christman, Sangwon Chung, Kelly P. Coleman, Dan Conway, Keith E. Cook, Stuart L. Cooper, Elizabeth Cosgriff-Hernandez, Arthur J. Coury, Joseph D. Criscione, Heidi Culver, Jim Curtis, Feiyang Deng, Prachi Dhavalikar, Luis Diaz-Gomez, Rui M.A. Domingues, Elaine Duncan, Pamela Duran, Pedro Esbrit, Suzanne G. Eskin, Michael Y. Esmail, Jack L. Ferracane, Claudia Fischbach, Gary Fischman, John P. Fisher, Iolanda Francolini, Steven J. Frey, Akhilesh K. Gaharwar, Andrés J. García, Iain R. Gibson, Jeremy L. Gilbert, Brian Ginn, Zachary E. Goldblatt, Seth J. Goldenberg, Manuela E. Gomes, Manuel Gómez-Florit, Inês C. Gonçalves, Maud B. Gorbet, David W. Grainger, Miles Grody, Teja Guda, Scott A. Guelcher, Anthony Guiseppi-Elie, S. Adam Hacking, Nadim James Hallab, Luanne Hall-Stoodley, Stephen R. Hanson, Woojin M. Han, Melinda K. Harman, Roger Harrington, Martin J. Haschak, Daniel E. Heath, Emily Anne Hicks, Ryan T. Hill, Allan S. Hoffman, Thomas A. Horbett, Jeffrey A. Hubbell, Rasim Ipek, Joshua J. Jacobs, Young C. Jang, Shaoyi Jiang, Richard J. Johnson, Julian R. Jones, Vickie Y. Jo, Ravi S. Kane, David L. Kaplan, Ronit Kar, Benjamin George Keselowsky, Ali Khademhosseini, Yu Seon Kim, Martin W. King, Daniel S. Kohane, David H. Kohn, Liisa T. Kuhn, Mangesh Kulkarni, Catherine K. Kuo, Angela Lai, Bryron Lambert, Ziyang Lan, Robert A. Latour, Cato T. Laurencin, Bryan K. Lawson, Shannon Lee Layland, Jae Sung Lee, David Lee-Parritz, Ying Lei, Jack E. Lemons, Robert J. Levy, Gregory M. Lewerenz, Jamal S. Lewis, Simone Liebscher, Chien-Chi Lin, Natalie K. Livingston, Yang Li, Yuncang Li, Helen Lu, Laura Macdougall, Bhushan Mahadik, Sachin Mamidwar, Margaret P. Manspeaker, Hai-Quan Mao, Peter X. Ma, Tyler Marcet, Jeffrey Martin, M. Cristina L. Martins, Sally L. McArthur, Meghan McGill, Larry V. McIntire, Lei Mei, Bárbara B. Mendes, Antonios G. Mikos, Richard N. Mitchell, Indranath Mitra, Ben Muirhead, Khurram Munir, William L. Murphy, Phong K. Nguyen, Alexis L. Nolfi, Clyde Overby, Sertan Ozan, Robert F. Padera, Hannah A. Pearce, Nicholas A. Peppas, Andreia T. Pereira, Carmem S. Pfeifer, Artur M. Pinto, Nicole R. Raia, Edward A. Rankin, Buddy D. Ratner, Maria Vallet Regi, Rui L. Reis, Alastair Campbell Ritchie, Shelly E. Sakiyama-Elbert, Karim Salhadar, Antonio J. Salinas, Katja Schenke-Layland, Frederick J. Schoen, Brittany E. Schutrum, Michael V. Sefton, Michael A. Seidman, Darshan S. Shah, Heather Sheardown, Andrew J. Shoffstall, Carl G. Simon, Josh Simon, Kenneth R. Sims Jr., Steven M. Slack, Benjamin Slavin, Kirstie Lane Snodderly, Patrick S. Stayton, Stephanie D. Steichen, Paul Stoodley, W. Benton Swanson, Hobey Tam, Aftab Tayab, Susan N. Thomas, Kellen D. Traxel, Rocky S. Tuan, Erik I. Tucker, Rei Ukita, Austin Veith, Sarah E. Vidal Yucha, Christopher Viney, Naren Vyavahare, William R. Wagner, Min Wang, Raymond M. Wang, Petra Warner, Cuie Wen, Jennifer L. West, Matthew A. Whitman, Frank Witte, Michael F. Wolf, Zhicheng Yao, Michael Yaszemski, Michael J. Yaszemski, Lichen Yin, Guigen Zhang, Peng Zhang, Zhiyuan Zhong, and Nicholas P. Ziats

Published
2020
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7. Functional Tissue Architecture, Homeostasis, and Responses to Injury

Author

Frederick J. Schoen and Richard N. Mitchell

Subjects
Tissue architecture, Biological structure, Cell injury, Biology, Neuroscience, Function (biology), Homeostasis
Abstract

The goal here is to two-fold: 1) describe how biological structure is adapted to perform physiologic function; this concept extends from cells (and their subcellular constituents) to the organization of tissues and organs. 2) introduce the physiologic responses to environmental stimuli, and the mechanisms of and responses to cell injury and implantation of biomaterials.

Published
2020
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9. Pocket Companion to Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease E-Book : Pocket Companion to Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease E-Book

Author

Richard N Mitchell, Vinay Kumar, Abul K. Abbas, Jon C. Aster, Richard N Mitchell, Vinay Kumar, Abul K. Abbas, and Jon C. Aster

Subjects
Pathology--Handbooks, manuals, etc
Abstract

This pocket companion offers rapid, portable access to the most important pathology facts and concepts from Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 9th Edition. It distills the key concepts and principles of pathology into a condensed, at-a-glance format, making it the perfect reference for quick review anytime! - Consult this title on your favorite e-reader, conduct rapid searches, and adjust font sizes for optimal readability. - Access key concepts and principles of pathology in a condensed, at-a-glance format. - Locate additional information with abundant page references to the parent text. - Review for in-course exams and the USMLE Step 1 with content that highlights the most important material in the current edition Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. - Easily find information with help from a format that closely follows the Table of Contents from the current edition of the parent text.

Published
2017

10. Fundamental Principles in Cardiovascular Genetics

Author

Richard N. Mitchell and Michael A. Seidman

Subjects
Cognitive science, Presentation, Cardiovascular pathology, Cardiovascular genetics, Multiple forms, Genetic etiology, media_common.quotation_subject, Inheritance (genetic algorithm), Disease, Biology, Molecular diagnostics, Bioinformatics, media_common
Abstract

Understanding cardiovascular pathology in the modern era requires an understanding of modern genetics. An ever-expanding number of cardiovascular disease entities, including cardiomyopathies, arrhythmias, aneurysms, and others, are defined by their genetic etiology, and cardiovascular pathologists are increasingly asked to identify such conditions and explain the implications for patients and family members. This chapter provides an overview of the fundamental concepts relevant to understanding the mechanisms of and approach to molecular diagnosis. Beginning with a general overview of genetic variation, the section progresses to a presentation of the many modes of inheritance and a discussion of how each manifests clinically. Multiple forms of genetic diversity are reviewed, including many newer variants described in recent decades. Modern diagnostic techniques are discussed, and appropriate guidelines for choosing the correct test and understanding the results are provided.

Published
2016
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11. Robbins and Cotran Pathology Flash Cards E-Book : Robbins and Cotran Pathology Flash Cards E-Book

Author

Edward C. Klatt, Richard N Mitchell, Edward C. Klatt, and Richard N Mitchell

Subjects
Pathology--Pictorial works, Pathology--Examinations, questions, etc, Pathology--Problems, exercises, etc
Abstract

Taken from the Robbins text and Klatt's own extensive collection, these brilliantly illustrated flash cards present gross, photomicrographic, and radiologic images that allow you to test yourself on key pathologic information, facts, and functions. Each card features two clinical vignettes (700 cases in all), with images or diagrams, two to five questions, and an explanation to the questions. - Be as prepared as possible for your exams by studying clinical cases in a format that mimics the USMLE. - Study efficiently and quickly look up key information with help from page references to the parent texts, Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease and Robbins Basic Pathology. - Consult this title on your favorite e-reader, conduct rapid searches, and adjust font sizes for optimal readability.

Published
2014

12. Pathophysiology of Atherosclerosis

Author

James R. Stone, Michael A. Seidman, and Richard N. Mitchell

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Vascular disease, business.industry, medicine.disease, medicine.disease_cause, Vulnerable plaque, Thrombosis, Sudden cardiac death, Coronary artery disease, Coronary circulation, medicine.anatomical_structure, Internal medicine, medicine, Cardiology, Myocardial infarction, business, Cell activation
Abstract

Atherosclerosis is the pathologic process of lipid accumulation, scarring, and inflammation in the vascular wall, particularly the subendothelial (intimal) space of arteries, leading to vascular wall thickening, luminal stenosis, calcification, and in some cases thrombosis. This process underlies numerous medical conditions including coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction, carotid artery stenosis and stroke, abdominal aortic aneurysms, and peripheral vascular disease with lower-extremity claudication. In the coronary circulation, acute changes in atherosclerotic plaques can result in abrupt catastrophic thrombosis and sudden cardiac death. Progressively better mechanistic insights into the pathways leading to lipid accumulation and the roles of vascular cell activation and inflammation provide exciting new avenues for therapeutic intervention.

Published
2014
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13. Section Editors

Author

Bruce Aronow, Paolo Bernardi, Fred T. Bosman, Jose A. Cancelas, Rudolph J Castellani, Edmund S. Cibas, William B. Coleman, Robert B. Colvin, Christopher P. Crum, Patricia A. D'Amore, Pedro L. Delgado, Ona Marie Faye-Petersen, Mark Flomenbaum, Philippe G. Frank, Martha B. Furie, Robert Homer, Jason L. Hornick, Eric D. Hsi, Jennifer L. Hunt, Jason A. Jarzembowski, Jean-Francois Jasmin, Dongkyun Kang, Sibel Kantarci, Celina G. Kleer, James Arthur Lederer, Helen Liapis, Michael P. Lisanti, Marshall Scott Lucia, Geralyn M. Meny, Richard N. Mitchell, Satdarshan (Paul) Singh Monga, Cynthia C. Morton, Nicolas Musi, Robert F. Padera, George Perry, Frederic I Preffer, Kevin A. Roth, Brian P. Rubin, David Sacks, Peter M. Sadow, John T. Seykora, Chanjuan Shi, Gene P. Siegal, Guillermo Tearney, John E. Tomaszewski, Gregory J. Tsongalis, Vijay Vanguri, David H. Walker, Karolyn Wanat, Elizabeth M. Whitley, and Thomas S. Winokur

Published
2014
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14. Contributors

Author

Elena Aikawa, Joseph Fitzgerald Arboleda-Velasquez, Cristina Basso, Jagdish Butany, John W. Calvert, Elisa Carturan, Patricia Anne D’Amore, Laura A. Dyer, Patrick T. Ellinor, Pooja Gupta, Marc K. Halushka, Pamela A. Harvey, Thomas J. Hund, Amar Ibrahim, J. Charles Jennette, Leslie A. Leinwand, Michael A. Makara, Richard N. Mitchell, Peter J. Mohler, Ivan Moskowitz, Lionel Opie, Cam Patterson, Avani Pendse, Thomas Pulinilkunnil, Mark Ranek, Harsimran Saini, Jonathan C. Schisler, Alvin H. Schmaier, Frederick J. Schoen, Michael A. Seidman, Sakima A. Smith, William E. Stansfield, Evi X. Stavrou, James R. Stone, Sara Tabtabai, Gaetano Thiene, Rhian M. Touyz, Shaobin Wang, and Monte S. Willis

Published
2014
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15. Contributors

Author

Sascha Abramson, D. Michael Ackermann, Robert Akins, Richard Anders, Phillip J. Andersen, James M. Anderson, James A. Ankrum, Kristi S. Anseth, Joe Antonucci, Sarah Atzet, Stephen F. Badylak, Gail D. Baura, Ravi V. Bellamkonda, Serena M. Best, Sarindr Bhumiratana, Richard W. Bianco, Jack C. Bokros, Harvey S. Borovetz, Adele L. Boskey, Justin L. Brown, Bryan N. Brown, Stanley A. Brown, John B. Brunski, Fred Cahn, Alastair Campbell Ritchie, Arnold I. Caplan, Richard L. Carpenedo, Ashutosh Chilkoti, Sangwon Chung, Elisa Cimetta, Gary Cleary, Isaac P. Clements, André Colas, Kelly P. Coleman, Daniel E. Conway, Stuart L. Cooper, Bill Costerton, Arthur J. Coury, Crystal Cunanan, Jim Curtis, Antonio D’Amore, Patrick DeMeo, Tejal A. Desai, Sabine Dickens, Gonzalo Domingo, Elaine Duncan, Suzanne G. Eskin, David W. Feigal, Lino Ferreira, Jason Fuller, Robert P. Gallegos, Ellen Gawalt, Kaustabh Ghosh, Bilal Ghosn, Thomas W. Gilbert, Drew Elizabeth Glaser, Amandine Godier-Furnemont, Wayne R. Gombotz, David W. Grainger, Gary L. Grunkemeier, S. Adam Hacking, Nadim James Hallab, Luanne Hall-Stoodley, Stephen R. Hanson, Axel D. Haubold, Kip D. Hauch, Kenneth R. Hawkins, Daniel E. Heath, Douglas L. Helm, Larry L. Hench, Arne Hensten, Ryan T. Hill, Christopher Hobson, Simon P. Hoerstrup, Allan S. Hoffman, Thomas A. Horbett, Jeffrey A. Hubbell, Mark S. Humayun, Ray Ideker, Donald E. Ingber, Rakhi Jain, Jean Jacob, Joshua James Jacobs, Nils Jacobsen, Ruyun Jin, Richard J. Johnson, Jeffrey M. Karp, F. Kurtis Kasper, Sandeep Kathju, Ali Khademhosseini, Sungwon Kim, Martin W. King, Lothar W. Kleiner, Joachim Kohn, Heidi E. Koschwanez, Sangamesh G. Kumbar, Catherine K. Kuo, Lisa LaFleur, Matthew T. Lahti, Byron Lambert, Robert Langer, Cato T. Laurencin, David Lee-Parritz, Jack E. Lemons, Mark Levin, Robert J. Levy, Gregory M. Lewerenz, Wan-Ju Li, Chien-Chi Lin, Fang Liu, William G. Lowrie, Ying Lu, Michael J. Lysaght, Robert Maidhof, J.N. Mansbridge, M. Cristina, L. Martins, Jeffrey Martin, Jay P. Mayesh, Todd C. McDevitt, Larry V. McIntire, Katharine Merrit, Claudio Migliaresi, Antonios G. Mikos, Carl E. Misch, Richard N. Mitchell, Robert B. More, Christa W. Moss, Jennifer M. Munson, Melba Navarro, Robert M. Nerem, Rei Ogawa, Britlyn D. Orgill, Dennis P. Orgill, Robert F. Padera, Abhay Pandit, Kinam Park, Anil S. Patel, Roger B. Peck, P. Hunter Peckham, Nicholas A. Peppas, Maria Nunes Pereira, Josep Planell, Ketul C. Popat, Glenn D. Prestwich, Suzie H. Pun, John Rabolt, Roshni S. Rainbow, Taufiek Rajab, Buddy D. Ratner, William M. Reichert, Andrew L. Rivard, Adrian P. Rowley, Gang Ruan, Michael Sacks, Debanjan Sarkar, Sebastian Schaefer, Christine E. Schmidt, Frederick J. Schoen, Stacey C. Schutte, Michael V. Sefton, Shalaby W. Shalaby, Mark Shirtliff, Marc A. Simon, Milind Singh, Steven M. Slack, Francis A. Spelman, Albert Starr, Patrick S. Stayton, Roger Steinert, Paul Stoodley, Shalu Suri, Thomas Ming Swi Chang, Nina Tandon, Armand R. Tanguay, M. Scott Taylor, Grace S.L. Teo, Charles K. Thodeti, Joshua Tolkoff, Matthew Treiser, Rocky S. Tuan, Erik I. Tucker, Ramakrishna Venugopalan, Angela R. Vicari, Christopher Viney, Jessica M. Voight, Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic, William R. Wagner, Lian Wang, Karen R. Wasiluk, David Christopher Watts, Bernhard H. Weigl, James D. Weiland, John J. Whalen, David F. Williams, Rachel L. Williams, John T. Wilson, Clive G. Wilson, Jessica Winter, Michael F. Wolf, Jeremy C. Wright, Paul Yager, and Weian Zhao

Published
2013
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18. Contributors

Author

Charles E. Alpers, Jonathan Epstein, Agnes B. Fogo, Matthew P. Frosch, Aliya Noor Husain, Alexander J.F. Lazar, Mark W. Lingen, Anirban Maitra, Alexander J. McAdam, Richard N. Mitchell, Peter Pytel, Andrew E. Rosenberg, Husain A. Sattar, Arlene H. Sharpe, Thomas Stricker, Neil D. Theise, Jerrold R. Turner, Wei-Lien Wang, Edward C. Klatt, and Raminder Kumar

Published
2013
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19. Cell Function and Response to Injury

Author

Frederick J. Schoen and Richard N. Mitchell

Subjects
Response to injury, Biological structure, Cellular organization, Biology, Cell function, Function (biology), Living matter, Cell biology
Abstract

Cells constitute the basic structural building blocks of all living matter. This chapter attempts to describe how biological structure is adapted to perform physiologic function. This concept extends from cells (and their subcellular constituents) to the organization of tissues, and of organs. Beginning with the smallest subunits of cellular organization, we will build to progressively more complex systems.

Published
2013
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22. Contributors

Author

Charles E. Alpers, Douglas C. Anthony, James M. Crawford, Umberto De Girolami, Lora Hedrick Ellenson, Jonathan I. Epstein, Robert Folberg, Matthew P. Frosch, Ralph H. Hruban, Aliya N. Husain, Christine A. Iacobuzio-Donahue, Alexander J.F. Lazar, Susan C. Lester, Mark W. Lingen, Chen Liu, Anirban Maitra, Alexander J. McAdam, Richard N. Mitchell, George F. Murphy, Edyta C. Pirog, Andrew E. Rosenberg, Frederick J. Schoen, Arlene H. Sharpe, Thomas Stricker, and Jerrold R. Turner

Published
2010
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23. Consultants

Author

Jon Christopher Aster, Gilbert Brodsky, Lucian R. Chirieac, Edmund S. Cibas, Joseph M. Corson, James M. Crawford, Christopher P. Crum, Paola Dal Cin, Deborah A.R. Dillon, David M. Dorfman, Christopher D.M. Fletcher, Jonathan A. Fletcher, Rebecca D. Folkerth, Christopher A. French, John J. Godleski, Scott R. Granter, Michelle S. Hirsch, Jason L. Hornick, Lester Kobzik, Jeffrey F. Krane, Frank C. Kuo, Jeffery L. Kutok, Keith L. Ligon, Massimo F. Loda, Janina A. Longtine, Danny A. Milner, Richard N. Mitchell, Vânia Nosé, Marisa R. Nucci, Robert D. Odze, Robert F. Padera, Geraldine S. Pinkus, Bradley J. Quade, Helmut G. Rennke, Andrea L. Richardson, Drucilla J. Roberts, Frederick J. Schoen, Sara O. Vargas, William R. Welch, Tad J. Wieczorek, and Gayle L. Winters

Published
2010
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25. List of Consultants

Author

Jon Christopher Aster, Thomas Brenn, Gilbert Brodsky, Edmund S. Cibas, Joseph M. Corson, James M. Crawford, Christopher P. Crum, Paola Dal Cin, Umberto De Girolami, David M. Dorfman, Christopher D.M. Fletcher, Jonathan A. Fletcher, Christopher A. French, Rebecca D. Folkerth, David R. Genest, Jonathan N. Glickman, John J. Godleski, Scott R. Granter, Michelle S. Hirsch, Jason L. Hornick, Lester Kobzik, Jeffrey F. Krane, Frank C. Kuo, Jeffery L. Kutok, Keith L. Ligon, Massimo F. Loda, Janina A. Longtine, Richard N. Mitchell, Vânia Nosé, Marisa R. Nucci, Robert D. Odze, Geraldine S. Pinkus, Bradley J. Quade, Mark S. Redston, Helmut G. Rennke, Andrea L. Richardson, Drucilla J. Roberts, Mark A. Rubin, Frederick J. Schoen, Sara O. Vargas, William R. Welch, Tad J. Wieczorek, and Gayle L. Winters

Subjects
Business
Published
2006
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26. Some Background Concepts

Author

Suzanne G. Eskin, Thomas A. Horbett, Larry V. McIntire, Richard N. Mitchell, Buddy D. Ratner, Frederick J. Schoen, and Andrew Yee

Published
1996
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28. Mammalian Placentation: Implications for Animal Models

Author

Andrea Mess, Anthony M. Carter, McManus, Linda M., and Richard N. Mitchell

Subjects
EndotheLiochorial placenta, Uterine natural killer cells, Spiny mouse, Mouse, Subplacenta, Reproductive strategy, Context (language use), Biology, Placenta, medicine, Hemochorial placenta, EpitheLiochorial placenta, Nonhuman primates, Pregnancy, Maternal-fetal exchange, Sheep, Macrophages, Fetal growth restriction, Placental lactogens, Baboon, Placentation, Human placenta, Extravillous trophoblast, Guinea pig, Preeclampsia, medicine.disease, Fetal membranes, Chorionic gonadotropin, Trophoblast invasion, medicine.anatomical_structure, Evolutionary biology, Functional anatomy, Immunology, Spiral artery remodeLing, Immunosuppression, Yolk sac
Abstract

This guide to animal models of human placentation assesses the strengths and weaknesses of species in common use. We argue that structural differences from human placenta, though important in some contexts, are less of a drawback than differences in reproductive strategy. Many laboratory rodents have brief gestations resulting in the birth of poorly developed young. They can provide useful insights on placental development and function relevant to early human pregnancy. However, to model the events of a 9-month gestation, which imposes added requirements on the placenta, it is necessary to consider animal models with longer gestations and well-developed neonates. Placentation in different orders of mammal is surveyed and their proximity to humans described in an evolutionary context. Animal models are then compared with the human in terms of the functional anatomy, physiology, and immunology of the placenta. This information is collated both to assess common animal models such as mouse, sheep, and primates and to introduce some alternatives that we consider worthy of attention.

Published
2014
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