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High coastal nutrient loading can cause changes in seagrass chemistry traits that may lead to variability in seagrass litter decomposition processes. Such changes in decomposition have the potential to alter the carbon (C) sequestration capacity within seagrass meadows ('blue carbon'). However, the external and internal factors that drive the variability in decomposition rates of the different organic matter (OM) types of seagrass are poorly understood, especially recalcitrant OM (i.e. cellulose-associated OM and lignin-associated OM), thereby limiting our ability to evaluate the C sequestration potential. It was conducted a laboratory incubation to compare differences in the decomposition of Halophila beccarii litter collected from seagrass meadows with contrasting nutrient loading histories. The exponential decay constants of seagrass litter mass, cellulose-associated OM and lignin-associated OM were 0.009-0.032, 0.014-0.054 and 0.009-0.033 d -1 , respectively. The seagrass litter collected from meadows with high nutrient loading exhibited greater losses of mass (25.0-41.2 %), cellulose-associated OM (2.8-18.5 %) and lignin-associated OM (9.6-31.2 %) than litter from relatively low nutrient loading meadows. The initial and temporal changes of the litter nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations, stoichiometric ratios of lignin/N, C/N, and C/P, and cellulose-associated OM content, were strongly correlated with the losses of litter mass and different types of OM. Further, temporal changes of litter C and OM types, particularly the OM and labile OM concentrations, were identified as the main driving factors for the loss of litter mass and loss of different OM types. These results indicated that nutrient-loaded seagrass litter, characterized by elevated nutrient levels and diminished amounts of recalcitrant OM, exhibits an accelerated decay rate for the recalcitrant OM. These differences in litter quality would lead to a reduced contribution of seagrass litter to long-term C stocks in eutrophic meadows, thereby weakening the stability of C sequestration. Considering the expected changes in seagrass litter chemistry traits and decay rates due to long-term nutrient loading, this study provides useful information for improving C sequestration capabilities through effective pollution management., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

This study aims to develop a self-dispersive and reactive carbon black (DRCB) to improve its application in cotton fabric. CB was functionalized with γ-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (KH550) and then grafted with as-synthesized compound to obtain aqueous phase DRCB. FTIR analysis confirmed the successful grafting of as-synthesized compound onto KH550-modified CB surface. The weight grafting of DRCB on DRCB-15 % dyed cotton fabric was approximately 15.18 %, with a half weight grafting time of around 17 min. TEM observation demonstrated that DRCB had a core-shell structure with the mean sizes of 36.02 ± 4.30 nm. Particle size analysis revealed that DRCB had smaller average aggregate size of 110.3 nm and higher zeta potential of -33.7 mV than CB, indicating that DRCB had much better dispersion in aqueous media than CB. Cotton fabric was effectively dyed with DRCB, providing excellent color depth of 60 (K/S value) with dry rubbing and wet rubbing/washing color fastness of Grade 4 and Grade 3, respectively. DRCB dyed cotton fabric exhibited outstanding anti-UV and anti-static properties, with no significant difference in softness and tensile property before and after dyeing. This research proposed a new method to solve nanoparticle agglomeration and prepare textile dyes with excellent self-dispersivity and reactivity., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest We declare that we have no financial and personal relationships with other people or organizations that can inappropriately influence our work, and there is no professional or other personal interest of any nature or kind in any product, service and/or company that could be construed as influencing the position presented in, or the review of, the manuscript entitled., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

A quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) study was conducted on 313 pesticides to predict their acute toxicity to Sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus) by using DRAGON descriptors. Essentials accounting for a reliable model were all considered carefully, giving full consideration to the OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) principles for QSAR acceptability in regulation during the model construction and assessment process. Nine variables were selected through the forward stepwise regression method and used as inputs to construct both linear and nonlinear models. The obtained models were validated internally and externally. Generally, machine learning-based methods, namely support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), and projection pursuit regression (PPR), perform better than the multiple linear regression (MLR) model. The statistical results (R 2  = 0.682-0.933, Q 2 LOO  = 0.604-0.659, Q 2 F1  = 0.740-0.796, CCC = 0.861-0.882) of the developed models show that they are robust, reliable, reproducible, accurate and predictive. Comparatively, the RF model performs best, giving predictive correlation coefficient Q 2 of 0.814, root mean squared error (RMSE) of 0.658 and mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.534 for the test set, respectively. The RF model (as well as SVM and PPR models) was visualized and explained by using the SHapley Additive explanation (SHAP) analysis to enhance its transparency and credibility. In addition, the applicability domain (AD) range of the RF model was characterized by the Williams plot and the tree manifold approximation and projection (TMAP) technology was utilized to illustrate similarity and diversity of the entire data space, to assist in the analysis of the outliers. Activity cliff detection was investigated by using Arithmetic Residuals in K-groups Analysis (ARKA) descriptors. It was found that none of the pesticides was identified as an activity cliff in the training set or a potential prediction cliff in the test set. Therefore, the RF model fulfills each OECD principle in regulation for QSAR models. The research in this work will aid in the in silico QSAR prediction of the acute toxicity to Sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus) for untested and new toxic pesticides and can also be extended to other studies., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

A new outdoor atmospheric simulation chamber with a volume of ~100 m 3 , the largest one in Asia, was recently constructed in the Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Beijing, China). This Atmospheric Environment Simulation System (AESS-RCEES) is a hemispherical-shaped photoreactor constructed using sixteen stainless-steel brackets covered by double-layer Teflon film, offering two advantages over other outdoor chambers: 1) The AESS-RCEES effectively minimizes the "greenhouse effect" by continuously circulating cooling air through the double layer, resulting in mean temperature differences between the inside and outside of around 12 °C in winter and 9 °C in summer. 2) The chamber can quickly introduce ambient air through a special inlet system, completely replacing the air inside within 45 min. Using AESS-RCEES, the wall loss rates of various gaseous species and ambient particles have been investigated, it was observed that the loss rates of ambient particles were significantly slower than those of artificial (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 aerosol and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formed by α-pinene ozonolysis. This suggests that the mixture of primary and SOA in the ambient air may have a longer lifetime than the aerosols generated individually. Investigation performed on propene/NOx photo-oxidation and α-pinene ozonolysis have shown that the AESS-RCEES is suitable for simulating atmospheric conditions and analyzing gas and particle chemical composition under controlled environmental conditions. This makes it a valuable platform for studying complex pollution and key chemical processes in the real atmosphere., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Background: Parkinson's disease non-motor symptoms (PD-NMS) significantly affect patients' quality of life. Acupuncture has emerged as a potential complementary therapy for PD-NMS. This study aims to investigate general research status, hotspots and trends of acupuncture as a treatment for PD-NMS., Methods: Literature on Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) from 2003 to 2023 was retrieved, and bibliometric analysis was conducted using VOSviewer and CiteSpace software., Results: 159 publications by 894 authors from 37 countries, 300 institutions, and 96 journals were retrieved and analyzed. The number of publications in this field is generally on the rise yearly. China was the leading contributor with 57 publications, and the United States followed with 36 publications and had the highest total citation count of 1562. Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine ranked the highest with a total of 12 publications, while Harvard University had the highest average citation rate of 70 citations per publication. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine was the most prolific journal with 11 articles that had accumulated 122 citations. Park Hi-Joon was the leading contributor with seven articles and 314 citations. The keyword analysis highlighted emerging areas of interest like "deep brain stimulation" and "alpha-synuclein"., Conclusion: Different countries, institutions, and authors should enhance cooperations, and the underlying mechanisms of acupuncture for PD-NMS should be demonstrated. This study will be helpful for better understanding the current knowledge and gaps in the areas of acupuncture as a treatment of PD-NMS., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

The bioavailability and degradation of riverine dissolved organic matter (DOM) play crucial roles in greenhouse gas emissions; however, studies on the kinetic decomposition of fluvial DOM remain scarce. In this study, the decomposition kinetics of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were characterized using the reactivity continuum model through 28-day bio-incubation experiments with water samples from the Yangtze River. The relationship between DOM composition and decomposition kinetics was analyzed using optical and molecular characterization combined with apparent decay coefficients. Our results revealed that DOM compounds rich in nitrogen and sulfur were predominantly removed, exhibiting a transition from an unsaturated to a saturated state following microbial degradation. These heteroatomic compounds, which constituted 75.61 % of the DOM compounds positively correlated with the decay coefficient k 0 , underwent preferential degradation in the early stages of bio-incubation due to their higher bioavailability. Additionally, we observed that S-containing fractions with high molecular weight values (MW > 400 Da) may be associated with larger reactivity grades. This study underscored the complex interplay between DOM composition and its kinetic decomposition in river ecosystems, providing further support for the significance of molecular composition in large river DOM as crucial factors affecting decomposition., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

A novel and facile electrospinning-electrospray (EE) method that based on electrospinning technique and simultaneous electrospray was proposed to anchor TiO 2 (P25) nanoparticles on the surface of rice straw-derived cellulose acetate (CA) nanofiber, a series of EE-CA/P25 nanofibrous membranes with different P25 dosage were successfully fabricated, which were characterized in terms of SEM, TEM, FI-IR, XRD, DRS, PL, UV-vis and 3D-EMMs, etc. Results confirmed that P25 nanoparticles were anchored on the surface of CA nanofiber. For different organic dyes of Methylene blue (MB), Rhodamine B (RhB) and Methyl orange (MO), EE-CA/P25 (0.05) nanofibrous membrane toward MB dye showed the best photocatalytic degradation efficiency of 99.13 % after 30 min of light exposure. For the different antibiotics of Tetracycline (TC), Ciprofloxacin (CIP) and Sulfamethoxazole (SMX), EE-CA/P25 (0.05) exhibited the best photocatalytic degradation efficiency of 83.59 % for TC after 30 min of light exposure. Moreover, EE-CA/P25 (0.05) exhibited a good antimicrobial efficiency of 98.42 % for E. coli, and maintained 97.49 % after 5 cycles. The reactive radical trapping experiments revealed that h + , •O 2 - , and •OH participated in the reaction, and h + and •O 2 - played a major role in the photocatalytic degradation process. Moreover, EE-CA/P25 (0.05) flexible membrane was easy to recycle and transform rice straw waste into treasure., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

As a sanitary textile that directly contacts sensitive parts of the human body, such as mouth, nose and eyes, towel is very important for our daily life and health. However, the colored cellulose towels we use daily are dyed with synthetic dyes. This can be a problem for people with sensitive skin, particularly babies. In this research, cellulose towel fabric was dyed using a nano-level Monascus pigment dyeing solution, which eliminated the need for organic solvent to dissolve the pigment, making it an environmentally friendly dyeing scheme. After 90 °C pre-mordanting treatment and 80 °C dyeing for 30 min respectively, the K/S value of towel fabric could reach 9. In addition, the washing fastness of dyed towel fabric was 3-4, the dry/wet friction fastness was 4-5 and 3-4, and the K/S value remained high even after 20 washing times, and also demonstrated a certain level of UV resistance and antibacterial properties. In conclusion, the application of the dyeing method for cellulose towel fabric with biological Monascus pigment based on a nano-suspension system was found to be both efficient and environmentally friendly, which was anticipated to replace certain traditional synthetic dyes in the future., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The increasing resistance of bacteria to antibiotics poses a serious threat to global human health. Herein, we have developed a thermal-accelerated biomacromolecular urease-driven MOF-based nanomotor (ZIF-8@PDA@ICG@Ur) mediated via NIR-intervened antimicrobial therapy. In this system, we have attempted for the first time to introduce an easy-to-operate light combination therapy strategy (only one light source is required) into an enzyme-driven MOF motor system to achieve antibiotic-free antibacterial therapy. The purpose of this research is to utilize the increased thermal energy from the photothermal effect to enhance the activity of urease, boost the driving force, which further increases the contact efficiency of the nanocarrier with the bacteria to enhance the bacterial killing power. In 50 mM urea solution, the rate of nanomotor movement was increased by about 1.24 times under NIR light irradiation compared to that without light. In addition, the synergistic effect of enhanced autonomous movement, NIR-controlled on-demand phototherapy and zinc ions release achieved 99.99 % antibacterial activity without antibiotics. The developed NIR-intervened design in this manuscript endows urease-based nanomotors with attractive propulsion feature and contributes to a novel strategy for against diseases caused by bacterial infections., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Heterogeneous sulfite-based advanced oxidation process is extremely promising for the removal of various industrial pollutants owing to its generation of multiple reactive oxygen species (ROS), while the unclear mechanism of S(IV) conversion and ROS generation hinder its practical applications. Here, the iron-copper bimetallic was synthesized for potassium pyrosulfate catalysis, which was designed for insight into the mechanism of micropollutant degradation driven by sulfur species conversion. Experimental and theoretical calculations have shown that the reaction process and corresponding mechanisms can be significantly distinguished into three different stages. Stage one prepares sufficient Fe(III) for the initiation of the reaction, while stage two generating ROS and reduces S(IV). In the stage three, the low-valent sulfur produced from S(IV) combines with iron-copper materials to form highly active sulfur sites, which react with O 2 to generate a large number of hydroxyl radicals (•OH). Furthermore, a variety of contaminants were used to validate the universality of the system, and their wide distribution in wastewater implies broad application prospects. This research provides in-depth interpretations of the induced mechanism of sulfur species conversion in the sulfite heterogeneous system, provides a solid theoretical foundation for the engineering application of the system., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The quality of the grains during the fumigation process can significantly affect the flavour and nutritional value of Shanxi aged vinegar (SAV). Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) was used to monitor the extent of fumigated grains, and it was combined with chemometrics to quantitatively predict three key physicochemical constituents: moisture content (MC), total acid (TA) and amino acid nitrogen (AAN). The noise reduction effects of five spectral preprocessing methods were compared, followed by the screening of optimal wavelengths using competitive adaptive reweighted sampling. Support vector machine classification was employed to establish a model for discriminating fumigated grains, and the best recognition accuracy reached 100%. Furthermore, the results of partial least squares regression slightly outperformed support vector machine regression, with correlation coefficient for prediction (Rp) of 0.9697, 0.9716, and 0.9098 for MC, TA, and AAN, respectively. The study demonstrates that HSI can be employed for rapid non-destructive monitoring and quality assessment of the fumigation process in SAV., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

The improper utilization of nitrobenzene (NB) and ornidazole (ORN) has resulted in irreversible effects on the environment. By combining experimental investigation, density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and machine learning, an effective green strategy for detecting NB and ORN in aqueous solutions can be developed. In this study, a one-dimensional Cd-based coordination polymer (Cd-HCIA-3) was designed and synthesized using 5-((4-carboxybenzyl)oxy)isophthalic acid and rigid 2,2'-bipyridine under solvothermal reaction conditions. Cd-HCIA-3 exhibits excellent fluorescence properties and stability in aqueous solutions. DFT calculations were performed to predict the fluorescence sensing performance of Cd-HCIA-3, revealing that photoinduced electron transfer is the key mechanism for inducing fluorescence quenching in the presence of NB and ORN, with weak molecular interactions promoting electron transfer. Fluorescence sensing experiments were conducted to verify the DFT results, showing that Cd-HCIA-3 can selectively detect NB and ORN in aqueous solutions with limits of detection of 7.22 × 10 -8 and 1.31 × 10 -7 mol/L, respectively. This study's findings provide valuable insights into the design and synthesis of fluorescent coordination polymers for target analytes., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Although vaccines have been hailed as one of the greatest advances in medicine based on their unparalleled cost-effectiveness in eradicating life-threatening infectious diseases, their role in orthopedic trauma-related infections is unclear. This is largely because vaccines are primarily made against pathogens that cause communicable diseases rather than opportunistic infections secondary to trauma, and most successful vaccines are against viruses rather than biofilm forming bacteria. Nonetheless, the tremendous costs to patients and healthcare systems warrant orthopedic trauma vaccine research, which has been a focal topic in recent international consensus meetings on musculoskeletal infection. This subject was also covered at the 2023 Osteosynthesis and Trauma Care Foundation (OTCF) meeting in Rome, Italy, and the purpose of this supplement article is to (1) highlight the osteoimmunology, animal models, translational research and clinical pilots that were discussed, (2) the proposed future directions that could lead to diagnostics and prognostics that are critically needed for evidence-based decision making, and (3) vaccines and passive-immunization strategies that could potentially be utilized to treat patients with orthopedic infections., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest Some of the authors have relevant conflicts of interest that are listed on the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeon website, are on file with the publication, and can be viewed on request., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Background: Noise pollution pervades daily working and living environment, becoming a serious public health problem. In addition to causing auditory impairment, noise independently contributes to cognitive decline as a risk factor. Though neuroinflammation plays an important role in noise-induced cognitive deficits, the mechanisms underlying noise-induced neuroinflammation in the hippocampus are still poorly understood. Glial hyperactivation of the NLRP3 inflammasome contributes to various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). However, whether the NLRP3 inflammasome plays a role in noise-induced cognitive impairment remains to be further investigated., Methods: Adult male Wistar rats were exposed to 100 dB white noise (4 h/day) for 30 days with or without injection of the NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 (10 mg/kg/day). The Morris water maze (MWM) test and the open field test (OFT) were performed to evaluate learning and memory ability of rats. HE staining was used to explore hippocampal pathological changes, while immunohistochemical staining was employed to evaluate the number and morphology of microglia and astrocytes. The mRNA levels of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the hippocampus were examined by Real-time PCR. The protein levels of NLRP3 inflammasome, inflammatory cytokines, p-Tau-S396, and amyloid-β (Aβ) 42 in the hippocampus were examined by Western blot. Immunofluorescence was used to observe the distribution of NLRP3 in glial cells and neurons, and the assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome., Results: We found that noise exposure induced learning and memory impairment in rats, mainly related to the activation of microglia and astrocytes in hippocampus region. Noise exposure increased the protein levels of p-Tau-S396, Aβ42, ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in hippocampus. Furthermore, the hippocampus of noise-exposed rats showed elevated protein levels of NLRP3, ASC and cleaved caspase-1. The co-labeled immunofluorescence levels of Iba-1 or GFAP with NLRP3 significantly increased in the dentate gyrus (DG) region of the hippocampus. NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 intervention reversed chronic noise-induced activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, AD-like pathologies and impairment of learning and memory in rats., Conclusions: The NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated neuroinflammation played an essential role in chronic noise-induced cognitive dysfunction. These results provide novel strategies for the prevention and treatment of cognitive deficits caused by chronic noise., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

In the context of escalating standards of living, the demand for healthy and multifunctional textiles is increasing. As a kind of cellulose macromolecular-based material, lyocell fiber has low carbon, is environmentally friendly, and demonstrates superb performance. The utilization of some Chinese herb dyes solves the pollution problem in the color and functionality construction of lyocell fabric by synthetic dyes and finishing agents. However, problems such as low dye utilization rate, light apparent color, and weak functionality of dyed fabrics remain, thus limiting the further application of the powerful combination of lyocell fabric and Chinese herb dyes. Here, a color and multifunction construction method of lyocell fabric with Coptis chinensis and 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid was proposed. Under the optimal color construction condition, the color depth increased remarkably, and the dye exhaustion rate of the modified fabric enhanced by 332.3 % compared with the unmodified one. The multifunction construction imparted outstanding fuzz and pilling inhibition, fibrillation resistance, and antiwrinkle performance for lyocell fabrics. Moreover, the dyed lyocell fabric exhibited considerable UV protective activity and antibacterial property against Staphylococcus aureus. This work provided an efficient color and multifunction construction technology for lyocell fabric with high value added., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Aberrant expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) has been reported in pituitary adenomas. However, the role of Cdk5 in the tumorigenesis remains unclear. We show that prenatal p25-activated Cdk5 phosphorylates minichromosome maintenance protein 2 (Mcm2), enhancing minichromosome maintenance (MCM) family proteins and driving intermediate lobe-located melanotrope-originated pituitary tumorigenesis. In a mouse model with CaMKII promoter-driven transgenic induction of p25, we observed intermediate lobe-originated pituitary adenoma producing non-functional proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-derived peptides under persistent p25 overexpression. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed Mcm2 may play an important role during tumor progression. Subsequently, Mcm2 was identified as a potential phosphorylated substrate of Cdk5, mediating the tumorous proliferation of melanotrope cells. Silencing Cdk5 or Mcm2 suppressed cell proliferation and colony formation in the 293T cell lines. Therefore, our findings provide a new mouse model of intermediate lobe-originated pituitary adenoma induced by p25/Cdk5 and unveil a previously unappreciated role of Cdk5 and Mcm2 in pituitary adenoma tumorigenesis., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Nitrite is a common pollutant in aquaculture systems that poses a significant threat to aquatic animals. Energy metabolism is critical in ensuring survival of animals under environmental stressors. However, regulation of energy metabolism in crustaceans under nitrite stress has not been well understood. Here we investigated energy metabolism regulation during nitrite stress and recovery in different tissues of the swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus, an important aquaculture species in China. Our results revealed that nitrite can cause tissue hypoxia and impair energy homeostasis, and energy balance cannot be restored even after a 96-hour recovery. Following exposure, mobilization of glycogen and lipids exhibited different temporal patterns. In response to energy imbalance, AMPK signaling was activated to counter energy imbalance. However, prolonged nitrite stress impaired AMPK signaling, leading to a further decline in energy supply. The findings improve our understanding for nitrite toxicity in P. trituberculatus, and provide valuable information for aquaculture management., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The pursuit of environmental friendliness, efficiency, and durability is paramount in the realm of flame retardant textile modification. Therefore, an innovative approach was designed to develop a gallic acid-derived intumescent flame retardant (GADPP), which contained reactive (-P(=O)(O - NH 4 + ) 2 ) and (-P(=O)(OCH 2 CH 3 ) 2 ) groups, facilitating functional modification of lyocell fabric. The GADPP modification effectively improved both flame retardancy and ultraviolet (UV) resistance of lyocell fabric. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy has substantiated the uniform distribution and covalent bond grafting of GADPP onto the fabric. Remarkably, even after 50 laundering cycles (LCs), the limiting oxygen index and UV protection factor values of lyocell fabric modified with 30 wt% GADPP remained at 29.8 % and 117.69, respectively. These results highlighted the synergistic effect of GADPP on enhancing the flame retardancy and UV resistance of lyocell fabric. Furthermore, this multi-functional modification strategy provides a sustainable path for the enduring enhancement of flame retardant and UV protective properties in lyocell fabrics., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

With the development in the field of biomaterials, research on alternative biocompatible materials has been initiated, and alginate in polysaccharides has become one of the research hotspots due to its advantages of biocompatibility, biodegradability and low cost. In recent years, with the further understanding of microscopic molecular structure and properties of alginate, various physicochemical methods of cross-linking strategies, as well as organic and inorganic materials, have led to the development of different properties of alginate hydrogels for greatly expanded applications. In view of the potential application prospects of alginate-based hydrogels, this paper reviews the properties and preparation of alginate-based hydrogels and their major achievements in delivery carrier, dressings, tissue engineering and other applications are also summarized. In addition, the combination of alginate-based hydrogel and new technology such as 3D printing are also involved, which will contribute to further research and exploration., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest No conflict of interest exits in the submission of this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Plants are known for their significant dust retention capacity and are widely used to alleviate atmospheric pollution. Urban green plants are exposed to periodic particulate matter pollution stress, and the time intervals between periods of pollution exposure are often inconsistent. The impact of stress memory and pollution intervals on plant dust retention capacity and physiological characteristics during periodic stress is not yet clear. In this study, the common urban landscaping species Nerium oleander L. was selected as the test plant, and stable isotope ( 15 NH 4 Cl) tracing technology and aerosol generators were used to simulate periodic PM 2.5 pollution. This study included two particulate pollution periods (each lasting 14 days) and one recovery period with three different durations (7, 14, and 21 days). The results indicated that periodic particulate matter pollution-induced stress decreased the dust retention capacity of N. oleander leaf surfaces, but particle adsorption to the wax layer was more stable. As the duration of the recovery period increased, leaf particle absorption, which accounted for the greatest proportion of total dust retention, increased, indicating that leaves are the primary organ for dust retention in Nerium oleander L. Root absorption also increased with increasing recovery periods. Prior pollution stress increased oleander physiological and morphological responses, and the plant's air pollution tolerance significantly improved after a recovery period of >14 days., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Most sensors use acidic eluent to realize the desorption of Pb 2+ , which inevitably causes damage to the sensing membrane. A near-infrared responsive hydrogel sensing membrane (PNIPAm/PVA/GO) was prepared by free radical polymerization, which was modified on U-shaped optical fiber sensors for the selective determination of Pb 2+ . Graphene oxide (GO) is the functional recognition monomer, and the double-crosslinked network of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) acts as the mechanical stress skeleton while increasing the Pb 2+ adsorption sites and inhibiting the agglomeration of GO. The "self-healing" of the sensing membrane achieves non-destructive desorption without causing secondary pollution to the environment by utilizing the high photothermal conversion efficiency of GO and the temperature response characteristics of PNIPAm. The sensor exhibited a sensitivity of 0.2191 nm/ppb in the 0-100 ppb range; the limit of detection was calculated to be 0.27 ppb. The experimental results show that the sensor has good reproducibility, stability, and selectivity. Further, the proposed signal analysis method based on convolutional neural networks realizes the measurement of Pb 2+ at different pH values. This method can effectively solve the problem of increased selectivity while leading to desorption difficulties and provides a new idea for realizing green, clean, and efficient detection of Pb 2+ ., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Oropharyngeal (OP) sampling is one of the most commonly used methods for respiratory sampling, but its positivity rate in real practice compared with that of nasopharyngeal (NP) sampling is not fully known. The differences between OP and NP in practice and between practice and the literature were compared. In total, 2323 positive results from 6708 patients were recorded in the laboratory test system, and 15,021 positive results from 31,333 patients were recorded in the national report. The positivity rate changed from 2.3 % to 38.11 % after the sampling method was changed from OP to NP in the same setting. The difference between OP and NP (calculated as (NP-OP)/NP) varies from -7.73-28.57 % in the literature and from 61.35-94.59 % in practice. Real-world practice is complicated and thus different from strictly quality-controlled studies., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest None of the authors have any conflicts of interest to report., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

The release of algae-derived dissolved organic matter (ADOM) significantly increased in serious eutrophication waters, posing great threats to drinking water safety. Thus, the molecular composition decipherment is urgently in need. However, due to unsatisfactory pretreatment and ionization effects, the application of Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) on ADOM was limited. Therefore, the effects of pretreatment methods (cartridge type and loading) during solid-phase extraction (SPE) and electrospray ionization (ESI) modes with FT-ICR-MS on the molecular composition of ADOM were evaluated. The results showed compared with silica-based octadecyl (C18) cartridge, styrene-divinylbenzene polymer (PPL) cartridge exhibited higher recovery efficiency and retained more saturated and oxygenated compounds, such as carbohydrate-like and tannin-like. Furthermore, the recovery efficiency decreased with increasing loading, and hydrophilic and high-oxygenated carbohydrate-like and tannin-like were continuously replaced by hydrophobic and low-oxygenated aliphatic and aromatic compounds. Moreover, compared to negative ESI mode, the addition of positive ESI mode increased the molecular chemodiversity, especially more lipid-like and protein-like compounds. Thus, we proposed < 1:500 DOC/PPL mass ratio during SPE and dual ESI modes coupled with FT-ICR-MS could identify ADOM molecules more comprehensively. This work contributes to more comprehensive understanding of the molecular composition of ADOM and provides more references for pretreatment and characterization strategies of severely eutrophic waters., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The regulation of intracellular ionic homeostasis to trigger antigen-specific immune responses has attracted extensive interest in tumor therapy. In this study, we developed a dual-pathway nanoreactor, Au-Cu 2-x Se@ZIF-8@P18 NPs (ACS-Z-P NPs), which targets danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and releases Zn 2+ and reactive oxygen species (ROS) within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Zn 2+ released from the metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) was deposited in the cytoplasm, leading to aberrant transcription levels of intracellular zinc-regulated proteins and DNA damage, thereby inducing pyroptosis and immunogenic cell death (ICD) dependent on caspase1/gasdermin D (GSDMD) pathway. Furthermore, upon laser irradiation, ACS-Z-P NPs could break through the limitations of inherent defects of immunosuppression in TME, enhance ROS generation through a Fenton-like reaction cascade, which subsequently triggered the activation of inflammatory vesicles and the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). This cascade effect led to the amplification of pyroptosis and immunogenic cell death (ICD), thereby remodeling the immunosuppressed TME. Consequently, this process improved dendritic cell (DC) antigen presentation and augmented anti-tumor T-cell responses, effectively initiating antigen-specific immune responses and further enhancing pyroptosis and ICD. This study explores the therapeutic properties of these mechanisms in detail. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The synthesized Au-Cu 2-x Se@ZIF-8@P18 nanoparticles (ACS-Z-Ps) can effectively enhance the body's immune response by regulating zinc ion levels within cells. This regulation leads to abnormal levels of zinc-regulated protein transcription and DNA damage, which induces cellular pyroptosis. As a result, antigen presentation to dendritic cells (DCs) is improved, and anti-tumor T-cell responses are enhanced. The ACS-Z-P NPs overcome the limitations of ROS deficiency and immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment by using H 2 O 2 in the tumor microenvironment through a Fenton-like reaction. This leads to an increased production of ROS and O 2 , remodeling of the immunosuppressed tumor microenvironment, and enhanced induction of cell pyroptosis and immunogenic cell death. ACS-Z-P NPs targeted B16 cells using the photosensitizer P18 in combination with PDT treatment. This approach significantly inhibited the proliferation of B16 cells and effectively inhibited tumor growth., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Strengthening rhizosphere effects to enhance pollutant removal is a hotspot of constructed wetlands (CWs) research in recent years, and improving the root traits and metabolic capacity of macrophytes is crucial for strengthening rhizosphere effects. In the field experiment, two types of subsurface flow (SSF) CWs (CW10 and CW20, with substrate depths of 10 and 20 cm, respectively) under the vertical spatial stress of roots (VSSR) and two types of non-VSSR SSF CWs (CW40 and CW60) were adopted with Typha orientalis as cultivated plants to investigate the variability of root development, metabolism, and pollutant removal at different substrate depths. VSSR induced substantial redundant root development, which significantly increased root-shoot ratio, fine and lateral root biomass, root porosity, and root activity, with lateral and fine root biomass of CW20 reaching 409.17 and 237.42 g/m 2 , respectively, which were 3.18 and 5.28 times those of CW60. The radical oxygen loss (ROL) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) levels of CW20 single plant were 1.36 and 4.57 times higher than those of CW60, respectively, and more types of root exudates were determined (e.g., aldehydes, ketones and amides). More aerobic heterotrophs (e.g., Massilia, Planomicrobium), nitrification bacteria (e.g., Ellin6067, Nitrospira), aerobic denitrification bacteria (e.g., Bacillu, Chryseobacterium, Pseudomonas) and denitrification phosphorus accumulating organisms (e.g., Flavobacterium) were enriched in the rhizosphere of CW20. This changed the main transformation pathways of pollutants and enhanced the removal of pollutants, with the COD, TN and TP average removal rates of CW20 increasing by 9.99%, 13.28% and 8.92%, respectively, compared with CW60. The ideotype root system architecture CW (RSACW; CW20) constructed in this study, which consists of a large number of fine and lateral roots, can stimulate more efficient rhizosphere effects stably and continuously., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)