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The world's underdeveloped countries, who have been affected the worst, are experiencing an increase in climatic issues. Today more than ever, the requirement for precise measurements and predictions of pollutants with low-cost installation is essential. Low-cost air quality sensors are susceptible to inaccurate readings, frequent outages, and erratic operating circumstances. To provide an efficient and adaptable calibration method in such a setting, a cautious approach is required. There are several commercially available monitoring options; a typical system uses particle sensor and gas to keep track of the air quality. These sensor values are compared to established criteria, and alerts are then generated when those thresholds are exceeded. An IoT node with many sensors for a few pollutants, including NH3, NO2, CO, and PM 2.5 as well as air humidity & the ambient temperature, is designed for this purpose. The Internet of Things node is installed inside a research facility to gather indoor air data for research purposes and proof of concept. The suggested system may use GSM/WiFi technology to transmit real-time air quality reports to a web site and web/mobile app, and it can also produce alarms when it notices abnormalities in the air quality. The platform is appropriate for Big Information analysis applications including weather forecasts, and traffic predictions since it can capture sensor readings as fast as one sample per second. Normalized to the average CO, O3, and NO2 sensor readings and association of sensor information are optimal in range. The goal of the study is to advance the field of distributed, low-cost sensing devices for environment intelligence applications.

One of the most cutting-edge technologies over the years is the Internet of Things (IoT), which is a major force behind the paradigm shift away from conventional medical practises. The goal of IoT-based eHealth is to provide healthcare services that are more effective and individualised through continuous data exchange between linked devices and enhanced data analytics. The IoT and decision-making systems are the main areas of focus of this programme, which seeks to deliver intelligent and proactive healthcare. By considering the huge array of physiological characteristics and applying potent analytical tools like cluster analysis, it is possible to obtain more insight into health-data. In this study, e-health technologies and remote patient monitoring were developed to assist patients in avoiding hospital visits, especially during viral epidemics. This project will use IoT and artificial intelligence (AI) technology to address these problems. The study's objective is to select the most appropriate and effective number of hidden layers and activation function types for the deep net (NN). Describe the patient data sent using IoT protocols next. NN analyses the information from the patient's medical sensors to choose the optimal option. The diagnosis is then communicated to the physician. The proposed technology enables patients to autonomously recognise and forecast the sickness while also supporting clinicians in remote disease discovery and analysis without requiring patients to attend the hospital.

A persistent neurological condition known as epilepsy is characterized by aberrant brain electrical activity. Epilepsy is a disorder characterized by sporadic symptoms and aberrant electrical brain activity that is spasmodic. Such aberrations are supported by non-stationary, non-linear, and multidimensional clinical data. Such data processing and analysis present a variety of computing research difficulties. One of the most often used signals obtained from the human brain in both science and therapeutic settings is the electroencephalogram (EEG). It is an effective resource for offering insightful knowledge of the mechanics of the brain. EEG signal analyses that are precise and thorough are crucial in the diagnosis of brain diseases like epilepsy. The EEG signal is well-liked in the field of biomedical study because of its notable temporal solution, non-invasive recording setup, and convenience with minimal costs. Currently, skilled neurologists make a diagnosis by visually examining EEG information to determine the most likely course of action. It takes time and is error-prone to visually inspect high-dimensional and non-stationary EEG recordings. An automated seizure detector is a crucial tool for better understanding how seizures are generated as well as a relief for medical experts who become exhausted when viewing a continuous, massive, long-term recording. As it records from at least 16 channels, the multichannel automatic seizure detection system is large. It is difficult to use such a method on distantly located subjects. The suggested system gathers data from IoT devices, and patient history-related electronic clinical data that are saved in the cloud were subjected to predictive analytics. The Bi-LSTM-based intelligent healthcare system for tracking and precisely forecasting brain risk. The trade-off between the current system and the current methods is anticipated in the results section.

Objective: To examine the resilience of parents of children with congenital heart disease and to investigate socio-demographic factors that may influence parents’ resilience. Methods: This is a web-based survey study using a cross-sectional design. A purposive sampling method was utilized to recruit 515 parents who care for children with congenital heart disease. Resilience was assessed using the Dispositional Resilience Scale-Ⅱ. Based on expert-interviews, a questionnaire was designed to collect socio-demographic data. Descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and linear regressions were used to analyze data. Results: A total of 413 parents completed the survey study. The mean resilience score was 3.75 (SD = 0.61; range = 1.89–4.89) with higher scores indicating higher resilience. The linear regression models demonstrated that parents who had lower education levels and lower gross household income had lower resilience (P

Engineers can now build compact gadgets with potent processing power and network capabilities thanks to the semiconductor industry's rapid growth. The Internet of Things is one of the greatest subjects in the communication world right now, both professionally and academically. The technical idea behind the Internet of Things is to provide these various physical items the ability to use sensors to perceive information and transfer that data to a server. The goal of the industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is to integrate multiple technologies to enhance business services across various industries. It alludes to how machine-to-machine connections operate. Every industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) service domain has unique communication needs that are assessed differently in terms of efficiency, dependability, and quality of service (QoS). For example, there are many surveillance applications for an Internet of Things-based robot with AI. To get around the problems with current robotic navigation, we suggest an Internet of Things (IoT) platform with an intelligent navigational robot that uses machine learning. It was designed with its Internet of Things (IoT) server, and it can do line tracing, gather contextual data from the sensors, and identify the aberrant condition in an environment before navigating appropriately. To allow contextually aware IoT platform services and to validate the learning accuracy of the provided CNN model using a dataset of images collected from the robot, we developed the Support-Vector Regression with Improved Adaptive Lion Optimization (IALOSVR) Algorithm model. According to experimental findings, learning accuracy exceeded 0.98, indicating that we had improved learning in picture context identification. The real-time evaluation of this paper's method demonstrates its ability to estimate navigation accurately, robustly, and with the estimation error, high estimation accuracy is steady within two percentage.

Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is established therapy for short-term circulatory support for children with life-treating cardiorespiratory dysfunction. In children with congenital heart disease (CHD), ECMO is commonly used to support patients with post-cardiotomy shock or complications including intractable arrhythmias, cardiac arrest, and acute respiratory failure. Cannulation configurations include central, when the right atrium and aorta are utilized in patients with recent sternotomy, or peripheral, when cannulation of the neck or femoral vessels are used in non-operative patients. ECMO can be used to support any form of cardiac disease, including univentricular palliated circulation. Although veno-arterial ECMO is commonly used to support children with CHD, veno-venous ECMO has been used in selected patients with hypoxemia or ventilatory failure in the presence of good cardiac function. ECMO use and outcomes in the CHD population are mainly informed by single-center studies and reports from collated registry data. Significant knowledge gaps remain, including optimal patient selection, timing of ECMO deployment, duration of support, anti-coagulation, complications, and the impact of these factors on short- and long-term outcomes. This report, therefore, aims to present a comprehensive overview of the available literature informing patient selection, ECMO management, and in-hospital and early post-discharge outcomes in pediatric patients treated with ECMO for post-cardiotomy cardiorespiratory failure., (Copyright © 2019 International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Cardiogenic shock, cardiac arrest, acute respiratory failure, or a combination of such events, are all potential complications after cardiac surgery which lead to high mortality. Use of extracorporeal temporary cardio-circulatory and respiratory support for progressive clinical deterioration can facilitate bridging the patient to recovery or to more durable support. Over the last decade, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has emerged as the preferred temporary artificial support system in such circumstances. Many factors have contributed to widespread ECMO use, including the relative ease of implantation, effectiveness, versatility, low cost relative to alternative devices, and potential for full, not just partial circulatory support. While there have been numerous publications detailing the short and midterm outcomes of ECMO support, specific reports about post-cardiotomy ECMO (PC-ECMO), are limited, single-center experiences. Etiology of cardiorespiratory failure leading to ECMO implantation, associated ECMO complications, and overall patient outcomes may be unique to the PC-ECMO population. Despite the rise in PC-ECMO use over the past decade, short-term survival has not improved. This report, therefore, aims to present a comprehensive overview of the literature with respect to the prevalence of ECMO use, patient characteristics, ECMO management, and in-hospital and early post-discharge patient outcomes for those treated for post-cardiotomy heart, lung, or heart-lung failure., (Copyright © 2019 International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. All rights reserved.)

Background: Successful repair of anomalous origin of coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ACAPA) is generally associated with a good prognosis. However, risk factors for poor postoperative outcomes have not been well characterized. This study used a multicenter data set to determine predictors of mortality after ACAPA repair., Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed using The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Congenital Heart Surgery Database's Participant User File. After identification of all patients with ACAPA who underwent repair from 2007 to 2016, demographics, preoperative and intraoperative variables, and postoperative complications were compared between survivors and nonsurvivors. The primary outcomes included (1) in-hospital mortality and (2) the need for postoperative extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine preoperative and intraoperative risk factors for these outcomes., Results: Of the 703 patients who underwent ACAPA repair, 20 (2.8%) died during the same hospitalization. The odds of mortality were increased if preoperative shock was present (odds ratio [OR], 4.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4 to 15.1; P = .01) and if postoperative ECMO was required (OR, 11.8; 95% CI, 3.6 to 38.4; P < .001). The odds of postoperative ECMO use were increased if preoperative shock was present (OR, 3.6; 95% CI, 1.6 to 7.6; P = .001). Lower weight was also a risk factor for both mortality and postoperative ECMO., Conclusions: Lower weight, preoperative shock, and postoperative ECMO use were identified as risk factors for in-hospital mortality in patients undergoing ACAPA repair. These important perioperative factors likely reflect the clinical severity of presentation and suggest a role for early consideration of postoperative mechanical circulatory support to improve outcomes., (Copyright © 2019 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Previous reports of primary graft dysfunction (PGD) in pediatric heart transplant (HT) recipients are limited to descriptive series of children who required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support shortly after HT. In this study we sought to determine the incidence, risk factors, and survival after severe PGD in pediatric HT recipients., Methods: We identified all children <18 years old who underwent HT in the United States during 1996 to 2015 using the Organ Procurement and Transplant Network database and then identified those who developed severe PGD by linking patient variables to Extracorporeal Life Support Organization registry data. Logistic regression models were used to assess risk factors for developing severe PGD., Results: The overall incidence of severe PGD was 4.7% over 20 years (95% confidence interval 4.2% to 5.3%). The incidence was 4.1%, 4.5%, 5.3%, and 4.6%, respectively, in consecutive 5-year periods (p for trend = 0.48). Independent risk factors for developing severe PGD were younger age, congenital heart disease, HT while supported on ECMO, higher serum bilirubin, and graft ischemic time ≥4 hours. Ventricular assist device support as bridge to HT and available donor variables were not associated. Death (or graft loss) before discharge occurred in 40.6% of children with PGD (105 deaths, 7 re-transplants) and in 5.6% of children without PGD., Conclusions: Severe PGD remains an important clinical morbidity in pediatric HT recipients in the current era and is associated with high mortality. These findings highlight the need for research in preventing and treating PGD in pediatric HT recipients for improving overall post-transplant survival., (Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Background: This study was conducted to determine whether the duration of mechanical ventilation (DOMV) could be used to benchmark the overall quality of care after neonatal congenital heart operations., Methods: Children aged younger than 30 days undergoing cardiac operations were reviewed. Technical adequacy was assessed using the Technical Performance Score (TPS), a previously validated tool for determining the adequacy of a palliative or corrective surgical procedure that uses echocardiography criteria and need for unplanned reintervention to determine technical adequacy. Preoperative risk factors and postoperative complications were determined using The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Congenital Heart Surgery Database definitions. Surgical complexity was assessed using The Society of Thoracic Surgeons-European Association of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (STAT) Mortality Categories. We explored associations between preoperative risk factors, STAT category, TPS, and postoperative complications with DOMV., Results: Of 601 patients studied, 49 were not included in the multivariable analysis due to a STAT nonclassifiable operation or unmeasured TPS, or both. Multiple risk factors were associated with longer DOMV, including weight (p = 0.005), The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Congenital Heart Surgery Database preoperative factors (p = 0.005), STAT mortality category (p < 0.001), TPS (p < 0.001), and The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Congenital Heart Surgery Database-defined complications (p < 0.001). Multivariable regression showed that preoperative factors increased DOMV by 1.23 days (p = 0.01), class 3 TPS by 2.16 days (p < 0.001), and postoperative complications by 2.03 days (p < 0.001), with adjusted R 2  = 0.42., Conclusions: Neonates with major residual lesions and postoperative complications have prolonged DOMV. DOMV may reflect the quality of care after congenital heart operations., (Copyright © 2017 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Cataracts, glaucoma, and age-related macular degeneration are known as major ocular problems which cause blindness among the elderly population worldwide. Oxidative stress plays an important role in both the initiation and progression of ocular problems and with respect to this; dietary antioxidants can serve as a therapeutic strategy for the improvement of ocular health. Zeaxanthin is known as one of the most important and common xanthophyll carotenoids, possessing multiple therapeutic effects such as strong antioxidant and pro-oxidant behaviour as well as anti-inflammatory effects. A growing body of literature shows that zeaxanthin mitigates ocular problems and suppresses oxidative stress in the retinal tissues. This paper aims to critically review the available literature regarding the beneficial effects of zeaxanthin on ocular problems with emphasis on its chemistry, bioavailability, and sources., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Thrombosis occurs after aortopulmonary shunting in children despite the use of heparin and oral antiplatelet agents. We describe the use of an intravenous antiplatelet agent for secondary prevention of shunt thrombosis without adverse events. Platelet mapping was used to monitor the effects and demonstrated the rapid onset of platelet inhibition., (Copyright © 2015 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

A compound was isolated from Cassia auriculata leaves and characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS), UV-vis spectroscopy (UV-vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). The in vitro anticancer effect of the compound isolated from C. auriculata was evaluated in human colon cancer cells HCT 15 by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, cytotoxicity, nuclear morphology analysis and measurement of lactate dehydrogenase. The isolated compound 4-(2,5 dichlorobenzyl)-2,3,4,5,6,7 hexahydro7(4 methoxyphenyl)benzo[h][1,4,7] triazecin8(1H)-one showed 50% inhibition of HCT 15 cells when tested at 20μg/ml after 24h incubation. Cytotoxicity, nuclear morphology and lactate dehydrogenase assays clearly show potent anticancer activity of the isolated compound against colon cancer. Thus, the in vitro findings suggest that the compound isolated from C. auriculata leaves have potent anti-cancer properties with possible clinical applications., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The compound was isolated from leaves of Cassia auriculata and its structure was characterized using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS), UV-vis spectroscopy (UV-vis), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, cytotoxicity, nuclear morphology and lactate dehydrogenase assay of isolated compound was tested against human colon cancer cell line HCT 15. The isolated compound, 4-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-7-(2-ethoxyphenyl)benzo[h][1,4,7]triazecin-8(1H)-one at 25μg/ml concentration and by 48h showed 50% inhibition of human colon cancer cells (HCT 15). The results suggest that isolated compound from C. auriculata has potential to prevent colon cancer cell line., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Racial differences in outcomes are well known in children after heart transplant (HT) but not in children awaiting HT. We assessed racial and ethnic differences in wait-list mortality in children <18 years old listed for primary HT in the United States during 1999-2006 using multivariable Cox models. Of 3299 listed children, 58% were listed as white, 20% as black, 16% as Hispanic, 3% as Asian and 3% were defined as 'Other'. Mortality on the wait-list was 14%, 19%, 21%, 17% and 27% for white, black, Hispanic, Asian and Other children, respectively. Black (hazard ratio [HR] 1.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3, 1.9), Hispanic (HR 1.5, CI 1.2, 1.9), Asian (HR, 2.0, CI 1.3, 3.3) and Other children (HR 2.3, CI 1.5, 3.4) were all at higher risk of wait-list death compared to white children after controlling for age, listing status, cardiac diagnosis, hemodyamic support, renal function and blood group. After adjusting additionally for medical insurance and area household income, the risk remained higher for all minorities. We conclude that minority children listed for HT have significantly higher wait-list mortality compared to white children. Socioeconomic variables appear to explain a small fraction of this increased risk.

The aim of this study was to investigate whether curcumin and aminoguanidine (AG) prevent selenium-induced cataractogenesis in vitro. On postpartum day 8, transparent isolated lens were incubated in 24 well plates containing Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM). Isolated lens of group I were incubated with DMEM medium alone. Group II: lenses incubated in DMEM containing 100microM sodium selenite; group III: lenses incubated in DMEM containing 100microM sodium selenite and 100microM curcumin; group IV: lenses incubated in DMEM containing 100microM sodium selenite and 200microM curcumin; group V: lenses incubated in DMEM containing 100microM sodium selenite and 100microM AG; group V: lenses incubated in DMEM containing 100microM sodium selenite and 200microM AG. On day 12, cataract development was graded using an inverted microscope and the lenses were analyzed for enzymic as well as non-enzymic antioxidants, lipid peroxidation (LPO), nitric oxide (NO), superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) and hydroxyl radical generation (OH) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity by Western blotting and RT-PCR. All control lenses in group I were clear (0). In groups II and III, all isolated lenses developed cataract with variation in levels (+++ or ++), whereas isolated lenses from groups IV, V and VI were clear (0). In agreement to this, a decrease in antioxidants and increased free radical generation and also iNOS expression were observed in selenium exposed lenses when compared to other groups. AG (100microM) was found to be more effective in anti-cataractogenic effect than curcumin (200microM). Curcumin and AG suppressed selenium-induced oxidative stress and cataract formation in isolated lens from Wistar rat pups, possibly by inhibiting depletion of enzymic as well as non-enzymic antioxidants, and preventing uncontrolled generation of free radicals and also by inhibiting iNOS expression. Our results implicate a major role for curcumin and AG in preventing cataractogenesis in selenite-exposed lenses, wherein AG was found to be more potent.

Bivalirudin, a direct thrombin inhibitor, has recently emerged as a promising option for anti-coagulation during cardiopulmonary bypass in patients who cannot receive heparin. There is limited experience with the use of bivalirudin in children. We present the case of a child with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia with thrombosis (HIT Type II) who underwent successful orthotopic cardiac transplantation using bivalirudin as the primary anti-coagulant for cardiopulmonary bypass.