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Purpose: To evaluate the ability of computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system (S-Detect) to identify malignancy in ultrasound (US) -detected BI-RADS 3 breast lesions. Materials and methods: 148 patients with 148 breast lesions categorized as BI-RADS 3 were included in the study between January 2021 and September 2022. The malignancy rate, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and area under the curve (AUC) were calculated. Results: In this study, 143 breast lesions were found to be benign, and 5 breast lesions were malignant (malignancy rate, 3.4 %, 95 % confidence interval (CI): 0.5–6.3). The malignancy rate rose significantly to 18.2 % (4/22, 95 % CI: 2.1–34.3) in the high-risk group with a “possibly malignant” CAD result (p = 0.017). With a “possibly benign” CAD result, the malignancy rate decreased to 0.8 % (1/126, 95 % CI: 0–2.2) in the low-risk group (p = 0.297). The AUC, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV, and NPV of the CAD system in BI-RADS 3 breast lesions were 0.837 (95 % CI: 77.7–89.6), 80.0 % (95 % CI: 73.6–86.4), 87.4 % (95 % CI: 82.0–92.7), 87.2 % (95 % CI: 81.8–92.6), 18.2 % (95 % CI: 2.1–34.3) and 99.2 % (95 % CI: 97.8–100.0), respectively. Conclusions: CAD system (S-Detect) enables radiologists to distinguish a high-risk group and a low-risk group among US-detected BI-RADS 3 breast lesions, so that patients in the low-risk group can receive follow-up without anxiety, while those in the high-risk group with a significantly increased malignancy rate should actively receive biopsy to avoid delayed diagnosis of breast cancer.

Introduction: Risk of adverse effects and exacerbation in autoimmune neurological conditions (ANC)are frequently cited reasons for COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. This study evaluates the ANC safety of COVID-19 vaccines in the real world. Methods: Electronic databases were searched to identify studies reporting the use of the COVID-19 vaccine in ANC. We selected studies that provided data on adverse effects and worsening conditions related to ANC after vaccination. The pooled incidence rates for various adverse effects, stratified for the disease category, dosage, and type of vaccine, were estimated. Results: Twenty-eight studies (31 vaccination cohorts) were included. The pooled incidence rate of general adverse events was 0.35 (95%CI, 0.27–0.43, I2 = 100 %). The pooled incidence rates of local injection reaction, fatigue, weakness, myalgia, fever, headache, and chills were 0.27 (0.18–0.36, I2 = 98 %), 0.16(0.11–0.21, I2 = 93 %), 0.15(0.00–0.31, I2 = 97 %), 0.13(0.08–0.19, I2 = 97 %), 0.11(0.07–0.15, I2 = 95 %), 0.11(0.07–0.16, I2 = 97 %), and 0.09 (0.03–0.16, I2 = 96 %), respectively. The pooled incidence rate of exacerbation adverse events was 0.05 (95%CI, 0.04–0.07, I2 = 84 %). Conclusion: According to available evidence, the administration of COVID-19 vaccines in individuals with autoimmune neurological disorders seems well-tolerated, with few reports of adverse events. Furthermore, exacerbation of autoimmune neurological conditions following vaccination appears to be infrequent.

The objective of this study was to retrieve daily composite soil moisture by jointly using brightness temperature observations from multiple operating satellites for near real-time application with better coverage and higher accuracy. Our approach was to first apply the single-channel brightness radiometric algorithm to estimate soil moisture from the respective brightness temperature observations of the SMAP, SMOS, AMSR2, FY3B, and FY3C satellites on the same day and then produce a daily composite dataset by averaging the individual satellite-retrieved soil moisture. We further evaluated our product, the official soil moisture products of the five satellites, and the ensemble mean (i.e., arithmetic mean) of the five official satellite soil moisture products against ground observations from two networks in Central Tibet and Anhui Province, China. The results show that our product outperforms the individual released products of the five satellites and their ensemble means in the two validation areas. The root mean square error (RMSE) values of our product were 0.06 and 0.09 m3/m3 in Central Tibet and Anhui Province, respectively. Relative to the ensemble mean of the five satellite products, our product improves the accuracy by 9.1% and 57.7% in Central Tibet and Anhui Province, respectively. This demonstrates that jointly using brightness temperature observations from multiple satellites to retrieve soil moisture not only improves the spatial coverage of daily observations but also produces better daily composite products. Keywords: Soil moisture retrieval, Passive microwave remote sensing, Multiple satellites, Surface hydrology, SMAP, SMOS, AMSR2, FY3B, FY3C

Myostatin, a member of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily, is a dominant inhibitor that acts to limit skeletal muscle growth and development. In this study, we generated transgenic mice that express porcine myostatin containg mutations at its cleavage site (RSRR) to evaluate its effect on muscle mass. Results showed that the weight of four skeletal muscles including gastrocnemius, rectus femoris, tibialis anterior, and pectoralis increased by 17.83 and 28.39%, 21.76 and 28.70%, 34.31 and 41.62%, 53.21 and 27.54% in transgenic male and female mice, respectively, compared to their corresponding non-transgenic control mice. Measurement of muscle fiber size and number indicated that the mean myofiber size increased by 50.73 and 61.30% in transgenic male and female mice respectively compared to the non-transgenic controls. However, there was no difference in the number of myofiber between transgenic and non-transgenic male mice. These results clearly demonstrated that the increase in skeletal muscle mass in transgenic mice is caused by hypertrophy instead of hyperplasia.