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Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is an antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) associated; vasculitis affecting small vessels and mainly cause upper and lower respiratory tract and renal involvement. Urogenital involvement is extremely rare and poorly described in the literature. We report herein a case of a 46-year old immunocompetent patient presenting with recurrent urinary tract infections and bladder retention with incidental findings of sinusitis, and pulmonary mass revealing GPA., Highlights • Genito-urinary disease is rare in granulomatosis with polyangiitis patients, reported in

We report a case of a patient with pulmonary melioidosis which radiologically mirrored a bronchogenic carcinoma with mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Such findings were observed in a Computed Tomography (CT) scan (Thorax) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scan (Body) in a previously healthy 57-year-old man with no significant medical risk factors for melioidosis other than his previous exposures to soil during outfield military training in Thailand, 37 and 28 years ago. He presented with acute symptoms of dry cough, pleuritic pain and fever. A CT Scan thorax revealed a left lower lobe mass with left pleural and pericardial effusion and mediastinal lymph nodes. Similarly, the PET scan showed various fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron uptake in these areas. However the lung mass biopsy cultured Burkholderia pseudomallei concurrently with a Melioidosis serology titre of >1:1024. He responded to intravenous Meropenem followed by Co-Trimoxazole and Doxycycline over the course of 21 weeks, ultimately leading to the resolution of any significant radiological findings. Keywords: Melioidosis, Pulmonary mass, Burkholderia pseudomallei

Hemothorax is a rare complication of percutaneous needle biopsy in the chest at a rate of 0.092%. Rarer yet is diaphragm injury with herniation of intra-abdominal organs. The patient was a 56-year-old female undergoing evaluation for primary lung cancer diagnosis requiring lung mass biopsy. The largest pulmonary nodule was biopsied, which abutted the right hemidiaphragm with the complication of hemothorax. Angiography demonstrated that the source of bleeding was not attributed to intercostal artery injury. Pathology revealed that benign hepatic tissue was sampled. Based on the pathology results, angiographic findings, and detailed review of cross-sectional imaging, the tissue is consistent with herniated liver through the right hemidiaphragm mistaken to be a pulmonary nodule. Keywords: Hemothorax, Herniated liver, Pulmonary mass

We hereby report a unique manifestation of feline cryptococcosis in the form of extensively consolidated lipoid pneumonia resulting in an isolated space-occupying lung lobe mass. Lung lobectomy was performed and a diagnosis of severe lipoid pneumonia with intra-lesional Cryptococcus gattii was made. The patient was asymptomatic for respiratory disease and no abnormalities of the upper respiratory tract were identified. Anti-fungal therapy was initiated following the diagnosis and the patient recovered without complication. Keywords: Feline, Pneumonia, Cryptococcus gattii, Pulmonary mass, Lung lobectomy

Primary melanoma of the lung is an extremely rare clinical entity. We found only 32 cases reported in literature, and in two of these multiple brain metastases were present. We describe a case of primary lung melanoma with brain and skin metastases that presented with an initial clinical diagnosis of pneumonia.A 55-year-old white man presented with cough productive of dark sputum and fever. A chest x-ray showed a right lung infiltration. After failure to respond to usual treatment for pneumonia, bronchoscopy examination and CT scan revealed a right pulmonary mass. The CT-guided biopsy confirmed a diagnosis of malignant melanoma. The primary lung origin of the tumor was demonstrated by the characteristic junctional pattern of melanoma cells. Further evaluation revealed metastases in the brain and in skin.Primary lung melanoma is an uncommon neoplasm that may be confused with more conventional types of lung cancer. Careful interpretation of histopathological information in correlation with all other clinical, laboratory and imaging studies may be needed to establish a diagnosis. Evaluation for metastases should include looking at the eyes, brain, skin. Due to the small number of cases reported in literature, there is no experience on the management and the prognosis of the disease.

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the role of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) in diagnosing lung cancer. FDG-PET is highly accurate in characterizing pulmonary mass lesions that are either unsuitable for or have failed histopathological characterization, even when they do not fulfill the classical definition of solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN). The positive predictive accuracy of FDG-PET is sufficiently high to warrant histological examination of all nodules with increased FDG uptake. The most common cause of an FDG-avid but nonmalignant lesion is determined by the prevalence of various endemic lung conditions in the geographical region in which the patient lives. Active tuberculosis is probably the most common cause of such a PET scan result. False-negative PET scans might also occur when lesions are subject to partial-volume effects due to their small diameter or have low FDG avidity. In particular, it should be recognized that a high percentage of tumors with a diameter of