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The high incidence of chromosome aneuploidy in human gametes and embryos is a major cause of in vitro fertilization (IVF) failure and miscarriage. In order to improve live birth rates with single embryo transfer, the use of preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) has significantly increased. PGT encompasses methods that allow embryos to be tested for inherited conditions or screened for chromosomal abnormalities. However, PGT-A is a screening method and results can never be used to definitively predict the chromosomal status of the embryo and fetus. The objective of this manuscript is to review prenatal screening and diagnostic methods available in pregnancies conceived by IVF-PGT-A., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors have no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2020. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Infertility is known to decrease quality of life among adults. In some cases, infertility is caused by medical conditions and/or treatments prescribed in childhood, and using methods to protect or preserve fertility may expand future reproductive possibilities. Structured programs to offer counseling about infertility risk and fertility preservation options are essential in the care of pediatric patients facing fertility-threatening conditions or treatments, yet multiple barriers to program development exist. This report was developed from the institutional experiences of members of the Pediatric Initiative Network of the Oncofertility Consortium, with the intent of providing guidance for health care providers aiming to establish programs at institutions lacking pediatric fertility preservation services. The mechanics of building a fertility preservation program are discussed, including essential team members, target populations, fertility preservation options (both established and experimental), survivorship issues, research opportunities, and ethical considerations. Common barriers to program development and utilization, including low referral rates and financial concerns, are also discussed, and recommendations made for overcoming such barriers., (Copyright © 2018 Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Study Objective: To characterize pregnancy outcomes after hysteroscopic resection of retained products of conception (RPOCs), especially as it relates to abnormal placentation., Design: Retrospective cohort study (Canadian Task Force classification II-2)., Setting: Academic medical center., Patients: All women who underwent hysteroscopic resection of RPOCs at Northwestern Prentice Women's Hospital between January 2004 and December 2014., Interventions: Hysteroscopic resection of RPOCs., Measurements and Main Results: The medical records of all cases of hysteroscopic resection of RPOCs between January 2004 and December 2014 were reviewed. Demographic characteristics, operative findings, surgical procedure, surgical pathology, and pregnancy outcomes for preceding and subsequent pregnancies were obtained. Our primary outcome was abnormal placentation in the pregnancy after the procedure. There were a total of 55 subsequent pregnancies and 38 live births. Among these pregnancies, 54.5% (30/55) were vaginal deliveries, 34.5% (19/55) were cesarean deliveries, and 7.3% (4/55) were early pregnancy losses. Abnormal placentation was present in 18.1% of subsequent pregnancies (10/55). This consisted of 3 patients with placenta previa, 2 with placenta accreta, and 5 with retained placenta., Conclusion: Women who undergo hysteroscopic resection of RPOCs have a higher rate of abnormal placentation in subsequent pregnancies when compared with the general population. Although the etiology is likely multifactorial, the underlying pathology leading to the initial diagnosis of RPOCs is believed to play a major role., (Copyright © 2016 AAGL. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)