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Many actions have been carried out to promote the low-carbon society construction in China, emission trading system (ETS) and energy efficiency trading (EET) are two typical instruments during the past five years. This paper focused on the coexistence between ETS and EET aiming to explore whether policy-mix could enhance industries’ interests through the partial-equilibrium model. The results showed that when overlapping transaction scope is allowed, the shadow price of energy saving is certain for the industries. When is not, setting up the policy-mix would not improve energy savings of industries but would make the two trading systems complementary, via the internal mechanism of the policy-mix and providing multiple policy options. The analysis indicated that EET and ETS could coexist and yield better results. Energy saving quota and CO2 quotas can be mutually recognized in a certain method avoiding the repeated accounting between two quotas, which will not increase the burden of enterprises but encourage them to conduct flexible emission reduction to enhance the competitiveness.

Cancer therapy has progressed dramatically in recent years. In order to decrease the dose and side effects of the anticancer drug, the therapeutic options for patients with cancer include increasingly complex combinations of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. This combination may cause overlapping interaction between the two types of treatment and affect the stability of the anticancer drug. In this study, the effect of gamma irradiation on the stability and therapeutic activity of one anticancer drug (Doxorubicin) was studied. For this purpose, doxorubicin drug characterized by two methods, at first, in-vitro study, before and after drug irradiation with different doses of gamma rays (2, 5, 20, 100 GY) which achieved through measuring the dielectric relaxation and absorption spectrum of drug solution. Secondly, in-vivo studies, where the unirradiated and the drug, which later exposed to gamma rays, were injected respectively into 6 groups of mice (3 mice in each group). The dielectric relaxation and absorption spectrum were studded for hemoglobin of the injected mice. The results for the in-vitro study indicate that the values of dielectric parameters show unnoticeable change for drug molecules before and after irradiation as compared with the control. The results for in-vivo study indicated an increase in the values of relaxation time and Cole- Cole parameter, that may as a result of changes in the conformational structure in hemoglobin molecules which may affect their properties and hence RBC's physiological functions. The absorption spectra of hemoglobin molecules show an increase in the amplitude of the characteristic bands with irradiation dose indicate an increase of the oxygen binding capacity with hemoglobin. It was concluded that combination between the drugs and gamma irradiation can be used as a powerful conjunction that may give us the benefit chemo and radiotherapy treatment.

Spike sorting is one of the key techniques to understand brain activity. In this paper, we propose a novel deep learning approach based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) and long short term memory (LSTM) to implement overlapping spike sorting. The results of the simulated data demonstrated that the clustering accuracy was greater than 99.9% and 99.0% for non-overlapping spikes and overlapping spikes, respectively. Moreover, the proposed method performed better than our previous deep learning approach named "1D-CNN". In addition, the experimental data recorded from the primary visual cortex of a macaque monkey were used to evaluate the proposed method in a practical application. It was shown that the method could successfully isolate most overlapping spikes of different neurons (ranging from two to five). In summary, the CNN + LSTM method proposed in this paper is of great advantage for overlapping spike sorting with high accuracy. It lays the foundation for application in more challenging works, such as distinguishing the simultaneous recordings of multichannel neuronal activities., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

A novel approach to use two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) to analyze bilinear data is proposed. A phenomenon called Systematic Absence of Cross Peaks (SACPs) is observed in a 2D asynchronous spectrum. Two theorems relevant to SACPs have been derived. The SACP-based 2D-COS method has been successfully applied on analyzing bilinear data from mixed samples (including one model system and two real systems). Implicit isolated peaks can be identified and assigned to different components based on characteristic pattern of SACPs even if the time-related profiles of different components are severely overlapped. Based on the results of SACPs, spectra of pure components can be retrieved. Identification of SACPs can still be achieved in the presence of artifacts. Thus, neither noise nor baseline drift can produce significant influence on the results obtained from the approach described in this paper. We have used several well-established chemometric methods, including N-Findr, VCA, and MCR with various initial settings, on two systems that can be successfully solved using the 2D-COS method. The chemometric methods mentioned above cannot provide correct spectra of pure components because of severe problem of rotational ambiguity derived from severe overlapping of the time-related profiles. Only when the information from SACPs in 2D-COS is used as additional constraints in MCR calculation, correct spectra can be obtained. That is to say, the SACP-based 2D-COS method provides intrinsic information which is crucial in the analysis of chromatographic-spectroscopic and analogous data even if the time-related profiles of different components overlap severely., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: Overlapping stents represent a new paradigm in endovascular interventions, especially for complex and wide-necked aneurysms. The low-profile visualized intraluminal support (LVIS) device is a new generation of self-expanding braided stents recently introduced in China for stent-assisted coiling of intracranial aneurysms. We report several cases of intracranial aneurysms coiled using overlapping LVIS stents to evaluate its efficacy and safety., Methods: Patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms treated with double LVIS stents at our center between November 2014 and May 2016 were reviewed. The clinical data and technical results are presented., Results: Ten patients with 15 aneurysms were treated with double LVIS stents, with a 100% technical success rate. No mortality was observed. Immediate angiographic outcome evaluation showed complete occlusion in 13 aneurysms (86.7%) and neck remnants in 2 aneurysms (13.3%)., Conclusions: Double LVIS stents are safe and effective in the treatment of intracranial aneurysms, especially complex aneurysms., (Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Genes interact with each other and may cause perturbation in the molecular pathways leading to complex diseases. Often, instead of any single gene, a subset of genes interact, forming a network, to share common biological functions. Such a subnetwork is called a functional module or motif. Identifying such modules and central key genes in them, that may be responsible for a disease, may help design patient-specific drugs. In this study, we consider the neurodegenerative Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and identify potentially responsible genes from functional motif analysis. We start from the hypothesis that central genes in genetic modules are more relevant to a disease that is under investigation and identify hub genes from the modules as potential marker genes. Motifs or modules are often non-exclusive or overlapping in nature. Moreover, they sometimes show intrinsic or hierarchical distributions with overlapping functional roles. To the best of our knowledge, no prior work handles both the situations in an integrated way. We propose a non-exclusive clustering approach, CluViaN (Clustering Via Network) that can detect intrinsic as well as overlapping modules from gene co-expression networks constructed using microarray expression profiles. We compare our method with existing methods to evaluate the quality of modules extracted. CluViaN reports the presence of intrinsic and overlapping motifs in different species not reported by any other research. We further apply our method to extract significant AD specific modules using CluViaN and rank them based the number of genes from a module involved in the disease pathways. Finally, top central genes are identified by topological analysis of the modules. We use two different AD phenotype data for experimentation. We observe that central genes, namely PSEN1, APP, NDUFB2, NDUFA1, UQCR10, PPP3R1 and a few more, play significant roles in the AD. Interestingly, our experiments also find a hub gene, PML, which has recently been reported to play a role in plasticity, circadian rhythms and the response to proteins which can cause neurodegenerative disorders. MUC4, another hub gene that we find experimentally is yet to be investigated for its potential role in AD. A software implementation of CluViaN in Java is available for download at https://sites.google.com/site/swarupnehu/publications/resources/CluViaN Software.rar., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: The Pipeline embolization device (PED; ev3, Irvine, California, USA) has been used to divert flow away from an aneurysm sac. The risk of complications may increase for flow diversion with giant aneurysms because these cases may require multiple overlapping PEDs, which makes the technique highly complex., Case Description: We report a rescue technical strategy for lost access during multiple overlapping PED placement for a giant, fusiform cavernous aneurysm., Conclusions: By using the collateral circulation as an alternative rescue route, intraprocedural loss of distal access may be salvaged., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: Extracranial carotid pseudoaneurysms are uncommon vascular lesions. Even with conservative management complications can happen, such as delayed cerebral embolization or symptoms due to flow limitation. Although endovascular therapy can be curative, literature demonstrating a preferred technique is scant. Our goal was to evaluate the use of 1 technique only-the deployment of overlapping self-expandable porous stents-to treat a series of extracranial carotid pseudoaneurysms., Methods: From 2008 to 2014, 14 consecutive cases of symptomatic extracranial carotid pseudoaneurysms were managed with single or multilayer porous stents at our institution. Each patient underwent a standardized angiographic follow-up at 6 months. Twelve patients also received a follow-up computed tomography angiogram at 12 months, and yearly thereafter (median radiographic follow-up, 38 months). The total clinical follow-up period ranged between 6 and 69 months (median, 46 months)., Results: In our series, each of the extracranial carotid pseudoaneurysms appeared to be the result of carotid artery dissection with associated carotid stenosis at the origin of every pseudoaneurysm. Endovascular treatment consisted of 1-3 layers of self-expandable porous stents placed without balloon angioplasty. Immediately after stenting angiographic images were notable for stagnant opacification of the pseudoaneurysm through the stent(s). All pseudoaneurysms were completely obliterated by the 6-month follow-up angiogram and remained so throughout the radiographic follow-up period. Complications were minimal, consisting of 1 patient developing a mild Horner's syndrome after treatment that resolved during clinical follow-up., Conclusions: Extracranial carotid pseudoaneurysms can be successfully obliterated with the use of porous, self-expandable stents., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)