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Objectives: In many countries, such as Ghana, there is an increasing impetus to use economic evaluation to allow more explicit and transparent health care priority setting. An important question for policymakers in low-income countries, however, is whether it is possible to introduce economic evaluation data into health care priority-setting decisions., Methods: This article systematically reviewed the literature on economic evaluation on medical devices and pharmaceuticals in Ghana published between 1997 and 2012. Its aim was to analyze the quantity, quality, and targeting of economic evaluation studies that relate to medical devices and pharmaceuticals and provide a framework for those conducting similar health technology assessment reviews in similar contexts., Results: The review revealed that the number of publications reporting economic evaluations was minimal with regard to medical devices and pharmaceuticals., Conclusions: With the introduction of the National Health Insurance Scheme since 2004 policymakers are confronted with the challenge of allocating scarce resources rationally. Priority setting therefore has to be guided by a sound knowledge of the costs of providing health services. The need for economic evaluation is thus important. More costing studies were found; there were very few cost-effectiveness analysis studies. If economic evaluation is useful for policymakers only when performed correctly and reported accurately, these findings depict barriers to using economic evaluation to assist decision-making processes in Ghana; hence, there is a need for an independent health technology assessment unit., (Copyright © 2013, International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR). Published by Elsevier Inc.)