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The ethnopharmacological relevance of the Millingtonia hortensis (M. hortensis) flower's aqueous extract lies in its traditional use as a herbal remedy in Southeast Asia. With a rich history in folk medicine, this aqueous has been esteemed for its purported sedative and anxiolytic properties. Our research delves into the scientific basis of these traditional claims, exploring the potential mechanisms underlying the observed effects of M. hortensis flower's aqueous extract on sleep promotion and mood regulation. This study aimed to explore the sleep-promoting effects of M. hortensis dried flower in mice, using an aqueous concentration equivalent to a human concentration of 2.7 mg/mL. Anxiolytic and antidepressant properties were evaluated using behavioural tests, while electroencephalography (EEG) analysis probed the neural mechanisms underlying sleep promotion post-consumption. The aqueous extract of M. hortensis dried flower administered to mice showed a decrease in immobility in the forced swimming test, demonstrating antidepressant-like effects. Moreover, mice treated with M. hortensis aqueous exhibited increased non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep duration, corroborating sleep-promoting potential. EEG analysis of mice treated with M. hortensis aqueous revealed heightened beta oscillations in the frontal and parietal cortex, while pre-treatment with M. hortensis aqueous or diazepam enhanced rapid eye movement (REM) sleep after thiopental administration. Interestingly, M. hortensis aqueous pre-treatment augmented delta frequency ranges in the frontal cortex. Overall, these findings indicate that M. hortensis dried flower's aqueous extract, at a human-equivalent dosage, exerts significant behavioural and neural effects specifically, sedative and hypnotic aspects in mice, corroborating its potential as a natural remedy to promote sleep and regulate mood.

In recent years, numerous studies have emerged on the application of biosorbents for dyes removal from wastewater. Chitosan, a derivative of chitin, is particularly effective as a flocculant for this purpose. In this study, purified chitin was subjected to a physicochemical evaluation based on FESEM, FTIR, XRD, and TGA as well as the deacetylation step. The unique characteristics of chitin isolated using NADES enhance its suitability for efficient deacetylation and higher conversion to chitosan compared to chitin isolated with organic solvents. The chitin 1D, isolated using organic solvent, displayed a complex, convex structure, like a honeycomb, whereas chitin isolated using NADES exhibited a more fibrous and irregular structure. The data indicated that chitin extracted from BSF pupae was α-chitin with FTIR spectra matching closely to commercial chitin. Chitin isolated using organic solvent demonstrated higher crystallinity and higher thermal stability than chitin isolated using NADES. The trends of decreasing acetylation and increasing deacetylation obtained in all studied samples were indicators for the successfulness of the deacetylation reaction. The X-ray diffraction profiles verified the presence of α-chitin and the relative crystalline indexes ranged from 80 to 86 %. This study provides a green and facile approach for chitin extraction from BSF pupae using a more sustainable approach as the physicochemical properties obtained for chitin isolated using NADES are comparable with chitin isolated with the organic solvent. Multiple analytical methods employed in this study successfully demonstrated that chitin can be effectively extracted from BSF pupae, with data comparable to those published in the literature and to commercial samples.

The advent of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) has spurred the development of innovative products, significantly impacting industries reliant on technology-oriented machinery and equipment, notably the construction sector. In response, the Ministry of Works, through CIDB Malaysia, has implemented the Construction Strategy Plan 4.0 (2021 – –2025), grounded in 4IR principles, to facilitate the construction industry's gradual adaptation to technological advancements. Despite its introduction in 2016 to enhance project delivery efficiency and effectiveness, the extent of adoption of advanced 4IR-related technologies and the industry players' awareness of the importance of the Construction 4.0 strategic plan remains largely unexplored. Therefore, this paper examines the awareness and adoption level of CR 4.0 technologies in the Malaysian construction industry through a structured questionnaire survey with all G1-G7 contractors that registered with CIDB Malaysia. Based on 912 valid questionnaire responses received from these contractor grades, it has been identified that the awareness and adoption of most of the contractors in Malaysia on construction 4.0 technologies are predominantly at a semi-automation level. Most of the contractors in Malaysia especially lower grade contractors (

Malaria remains a major public health problem worldwide, including in Southeast Asia. Chemotherapeutic agents such as chloroquine (CQ) are effective, but problems with drug resistance and toxicity have necessitated a continuous search for new effective antimalarial agents. Here we report on a virtual screening of ∼300 diarylpentanoids and derivatives, in search of potential Plasmodium falciparum lactate dehydrogenase (PfLDH) inhibitors with acceptable drug-like properties. Several molecules with binding affinities comparable to CQ were chosen for in vitro validation of antimalarial efficacy. Among them, MS33A, MS33C and MS34C are the most promising against CQ-sensitive (3D7) with EC50 values of 1.6, 2.5 and 3.1 μM, respectively. Meanwhile, MS87 (EC50 of 1.85 μM) shown the most active against the CQ-resistant Gombak A strain, and MS33A and MS33C the most effective P. knowlesi inhibitors (EC50 of 3.6 and 5.1 μM, respectively). The in vitro cytotoxicity of selected diarylpentanoids (MS33A, MS33C, MS34C and MS87) was tested on Vero mammalian cells to evaluate parasite selectivity (SI), showing moderate to low cytotoxicity (CC50 > 82 μM). In addition, MS87 exhibited a high SI and the lowest resistance index (RI), suggesting that MS87 may exert effective parasite inhibition with low resistance potential in the CQ-resistant P. falciparum strain. Furthermore, the in vivo toxicity of the molecules on early embryonic development, the cardiovascular system, heart rate, motor activity and apoptosis were assessed in a zebrafish animal model. The overall results indicate the preliminary potential of diarylpentanoids, which need further investigation for their development as new antimalarial agents.

الملخص: أهداف البحث: تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تحسين تكوين حبيبات هلامة ''ألجينات الأغاروز'' وعوامل التذويب الخاصة بها لاستخدامها المحتمل في نقل الخلايا الجذعية. طرق البحث: تم اختبار تركيزات مختلفة من الأغاروز والألجينات وكلورايد الكالسيوم لبناء حبيبات هلامة مائية. تم تسجيل معدل التحلل ونسبة الانتفاخ لكل عينة هلامة مائية. تم استخدام هلامة ''ألجينات الأغاروز'' المحسنة لتغليف الخلايا الجذعية من أسنان بشرية لبنية متساقطة (شيد). تم أيضًا إجراء تحسين عوامل الإذابة واختبارها باستخدام الخلايا المغلفة بالهلامة المائية. النتائج: تم إثبات أن التركيز المختار لمكونات هلامة ''ألجينات الأغاروز'' نجح في تغليف ''شيد'' والتي تظل قابلة للحياة حتى اليوم العاشر. تم تسجيل متوسط دقيقتين لتحلل الهلامة المائية التي تغلف ''شيد''، باستخدام عامل إذابة يتكون من 100 ملي سيترات الصوديوم و 100 ملي مولار من إيديتات الكالسيوم ثناي الصوديوم (إيديتا). تم تسجيل صلاحية خلية ''شيد'' التي تم إطلاقها بعد اليوم العاشر من التغليف بنسبة 29.1٪. الاستنتاجات: أوضحت الدراسة الحالية أن تركيزات كل من الأغاروز والألجينات وكلورايد الكالسيوم ترتبط بمعدل تحلل حبيبات الهلامة المائية ونسبة الانتفاخ. يمكن لـ ''شيد'' البقاء على قيد الحياة في بيئة هلامة مائية لمدة 10 أيام على الأقل دون تغيير وسط الاستزراع. يسمح تحسين عامل الذوبان بالتفكك المناسب لهيكل الهلامة المائية، مما يؤدي إلى إطلاق الخلايا الجذعية من حبيبات هلامة ''ألجينات الأغاروز'' بعد فترة النقل مع السماح للخلايا بالبقاء قابلة للحياة. Abstract: Hydrogels have potential uses in various biological applications because of their unique characteristics. Fine-tuning of agarose–alginate (Ag–Al) hydrogel components improves the mechanical characteristics of the final construct for cell encapsulation and transportation. Formulation of suitable dissolving agents may enable the release of encapsulated cells for further applications in laboratory or clinical settings. Objectives: This study aimed at optimizing the composition of Ag–Al hydrogel beads and their dissolving agents for potential use in the transportation of stem cells. Methods: Various agarose, alginate, and CaCl2 concentrations were tested to construct hydrogel beads. The degradation rate and swelling ratio of each hydrogel sample were recorded. The optimized Ag–Al hydrogels were used for encapsulation of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED). Optimization of dissolving agents was performed and tested with the hydrogel-encapsulated cells. Data were statistically analyzed in SPSS. Results: The selected concentration of Ag–Al hydrogels components was successfully demonstrated to encapsulate SHED, which remained viable until day 10. An average of 2 min was required for degradation of the hydrogel with encapsulated SHED by a dissolving agent consisting of 100 mM sodium citrate and 100 mM EDTA. The cell viability of SHED released after day 10 of encapsulation was 29.1%. Conclusion: Alteration of Ag-Al components has considerable influence on the mechanical properties of the constructed hydrogel. The feasibility of performing the optimized cell encapsulation protocol, as well as the dissolving step, may provide a useful guide for the transportation of viable cells between countries, for medical research.

In this work, anodic oxidation of Ti-40 wt.% Zr alloy in EG/NH4F/H2O electrolyte was done to produce anodic self-aligned oxide nanotube arrays. The nanotubes were amorphous but upon annealing at 400° C they were crystallized into ZrO2–TiO2 nanotubes and ZrTiO4–TiO2 nanotubes at 600 °C. The nanotubes were used to reduce 60 ppm Cr(VI) ions under sunlight or UV irradiation. 100% removal of Cr(VI) was achieved on ZrTiO4–TiO2 nanotubes after 5 h of exposure to UV light but only 53% removal was obtained on ZrO2–TiO2 nanotubes. The higher photocatalytic activity of the ZrTiO4–TiO2 nanotubes can be related to the presence of the ZrTiO4 phase which has good acid–base properties as well as the junction formation between ZrTiO4 and TiO2 that can further enhance the reduction process.

A 3 × 2 factorial experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary lysine on growth performance, body indices, feed intake, feed efficiency, whole body nutrient composition and amino acid deposition in two successive generations (16th and 17th) of GIFT (Oreochromis niloticus). Three diets containing different levels of lysine at 1.16%, 1.56% and 2.41% were prepared for the feeding trial. Triplicate groups of fish with an initial body weight of 155 g were fed to apparent satiation for 10 weeks in a recirculating aquaculture system. Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of dry matter, crude protein, crude lipids, and total carbohydrates were measured in the experimental diets. At the end of the experiment, no interactions between dietary lysine levels in diet and fish generation were observed on all parameters except for the condition factor (CF) and ADC of crude protein. However, dietary lysine level significantly affected the final weight, weight gain, thermal unit growth coefficient (TGC), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and ADC of dry matter regardless of the fish generation. Final weight, weight gain and TGC of fish were the highest in fish fed 2.41% dietary lysine in diet or 6.52% lysine in the protein. PER was the lowest in fish fed 1.16% dietary lysine. The final weight and the body's accumulation of isoleucine, phenylalanine, and alanine were significantly affected by the fish generation, with the 17th generation having the best performance. Increase growth and higher lysine requirement observed in the improved generation (17th) compared to the (16th) generation at grow out phase indicating that genetic improvement may have changed the dietary lysine requirement.

It has been shown with terrestrial animals that the genetic improvement increases the nutrient requirements of the animal, which becomes more efficient in using these nutrients to achieve their higher growth potential. This study was conducted to estimate the dietary methionine requirements of different generations of the Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT) strain of Nile tilapia at the juvenile stage (17.51 g–19.55 g initial body weight). To achieve this objective, a completely randomized 2 × 6 factorial design was applied, with the genetic background of fish (generation) as the first independent variable with two levels, the 16th and 17th generations, and the methionine content of the diet as the second independent variable, with 6 graded levels, 0.52, 0.62, 0.84, 0.94, 1.04 and 1.27% of methionine in the diets, respectively. At the end of the 42-day experiment, the interaction effect of the generation × diet was not significant (P > 0.05) for any of the response parameters studied. The genetic improvement led to 15% more growth in the 17th generation than the 16th generation of the GIFT strain of Nile tilapia, which was accompanied with better feed conversion ratio, protein productive value, and energy productive value in the former generation (P

This data article presents the composition of selected physico-chemical water parameters, phytoplankton, flora and fauna in Sungai Kertih, Terengganu, Malaysia. Sungai Kertih is surrounded by mangrove forest and located nearby to a coastal hill namely Bukit Labohan that supports vast biological resources to its adjacent inhabitants. Therefore, a biodiversity and environmental assessment was conducted in Sungai Kertih from 19–21 August 2019 to document the biodiversity and physico-chemical water parameters of the river. The dataset show that Sungai Kertih is occupied by 14 tree mangrove species, 43 phytoplankton species, 21 bivalve species, 10 crustacean species, five amphibian species and eight reptilian species. The obtained physico-chemicals water parameters data were the value of pH, total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, temperature, salinity and electrical conductivity. Understanding the influence of physical and chemical properties on biological resources in coastal ecosystem is one of important in river conservation and management practices. Thus, this baseline dataset can be utilized for further reference and monitoring the health of the environment in the mangrove ecosystem.

Background: Smoking and consuming alcohol remain hazardous acts to health, which are important to prevent in adolescents. Prosocial behavior has increasingly being noticed to be related with substance use. This study investigated the association between the trying of smoking and alcohol with prosocial behavior among school-going adolescents in Terengganu, Malaysia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 732 school adolescents aged between 13 and 18 years from 12 secondary schools in Terengganu. Cluster sampling was applied. A validated questionnaire adopted from Global Health School Survey (GSHS) was used and prosocial behavior was assessed using the validated Malay self-rated version of Strength and Difficulty Questionnaire (SDQ). Data were analyzed using SPSS ver25, using multiple logistic regressions for both dependent variables of ever smoking and ever alcohol drinking. Results: Ever smoking was significantly inversely associated with prosocial behavior (p = 0.010, OR: 0.84, CI: 0.74, 0.96); together with other significantly associated factors; namely older age, male gender, poorer family income, and smoking in immediate family members. However, there was no association of the between prosocial behavior with ever alcohol drinking (p = 0.628). Conclusion: Prosocial behavior is negatively associated with the trying of smoking in adolescents. Future longitudinal study should be done to investigate the effects of promoting prosocial behavior among adolescents towards the hazardous act.

This data article is about bats observed from fragmented forest understories interspaced by agricultural plantations, utility corridors, and man-made structures within rural areas of Setiu (Bukit Kesing Forest Reserve and Ladang Tayor TDM) and Hulu Terengganu (Pengkalan Utama and Sungai Buweh, Kenyir) that are situated in Terengganu state, Peninsular Malaysia. Surveys were conducted from October 2018 until January 2019. These bats were captured using harp traps and mist nets that were set 30 m apart across flyways, streams, rivers and less cluttered trees in the 50 m transect zones (identified at each site). All animals captured were distinguished by morphology and released at the same location it was caught. The data comprise of 15 species of bats from four family groups, namely Hipposideridae, Pteropodidae, Rhinolophidae and Vespertilionidae. The data were interpreted into weight-forearm length (W-FA) to inform about bats Body Condition Index (-0.25 to 0.25).