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2. List of Contributors

Author

Alicea, Bradly, primary, Amano, Tomokazu, additional, Ambroggio, Jennifer, additional, Amarnath, Dasari, additional, Campbell, Keith H.S., additional, Surani, M. Azim, additional, Baeumer, Nicole, additional, Balbach, Sebastian T., additional, Bertolini, Marcelo, additional, Beyhan, Zeki, additional, Boiani, Michele, additional, Byrne, James A., additional, Callesen, Henrik, additional, Canovas, Sebastian, additional, Chavatte-Palmer, Pascale, additional, Chen, LiHow, additional, Choi, Inchul, additional, Cibelli, José B., additional, Colleoni, Silvia, additional, Crosetto, Nicola, additional, Dinnyes, Andras, additional, Drexler, Hannes C.A., additional, Duchi, Roberto, additional, Echelard, Yann, additional, Egli, Dieter, additional, Faber, David, additional, Fan, Jason, additional, First, Neal L., additional, Fissore, Rafael A., additional, Fuellen, Georg, additional, Fulka, Josef, additional, Galli, Cesare, additional, Gardner, David K., additional, Gavin, William, additional, Green, Ronald M., additional, Gurdon, J.B., additional, Hirano, Kunio, additional, Hoshino, Yoichiro, additional, Howard, Harlan, additional, Inoue, Kimiko, additional, Ishino, Fumitoshi, additional, Ito, Junya, additional, Jammes, Hélène, additional, Jones, Jeff, additional, Jones, Kathleen M., additional, Kent-First, Marijo, additional, Kato, Yoko, additional, Kishigami, Satoshi, additional, Ko, Minoru S.H., additional, Kohda, Takashi, additional, Lagutina, Irina, additional, Lane, Michelle, additional, Latham, Keith E., additional, Lazzari, Giovanna, additional, Lee, Byeong Chun, additional, Lee, Jiyoung, additional, Lee, Kiho, additional, Lee, Rita, additional, Loi, Pasqualino, additional, Malcuit, Christopher M., additional, Masiello, Nick, additional, Meade, Harry, additional, Meng, Qinggang, additional, Mitalipov, Shoukhrat, additional, Mizutani, Eiji, additional, Modlinski, Jacek, additional, Nguyen, Van Thuan, additional, Niemann, Heiner, additional, Ogura, Atsuo, additional, Page, Raymond L., additional, Paudel, Yogesh, additional, Paull, Daniel, additional, Pfeiffer, Martin J., additional, Piedrahita, Jorge A., additional, Pinmee, Boonya, additional, Polgar, Zsuzsanna, additional, Pommer, Jerry, additional, Prather, Randall S., additional, Pruett-Miller, Shondra M., additional, Ptak, Grazyna, additional, Rudenko, Larisa, additional, Saeki, Kazuhiro, additional, Schatten, Gerald, additional, Schmidt, Mette, additional, Schofield, Michael, additional, Seidel, George E., additional, Siatkowski, Marcin, additional, Simerly, Calvin, additional, Siripattarapravat, Kannika, additional, St. John, Justin C., additional, Stice, Steven L., additional, Sullivan, Eddie J., additional, Tachibana, Masahito, additional, Tada, Takashi, additional, Tancos, Zsuzsanna, additional, Taniguchi, Shunji, additional, Teperek-Tkacz, Marta, additional, Tian, Xiuchun (Cindy), additional, Trounson, Alan, additional, Tso Sun, Liang, additional, Tsunoda, Yukio, additional, Wakai, Takuya, additional, Wakamatsu, Yuko, additional, Wakayama, Sayaka, additional, Wakayama, Teruhiko, additional, Wang, Zhongde, additional, Zhang, Xia, additional, and Zhu, Jie, additional

Published
2014
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4. Contributors

Author

Addis, Russell C., primary, Ahlstrom, Jon D., additional, Amit, Michal, additional, Andrews, Peter W., additional, Axelman, Joyce, additional, Surani, M. Azim, additional, Benvenisty, Nissim, additional, Bhatia, Mickie, additional, Brivanlou, Ali H., additional, Carnwath, Joseph W., additional, Carpenter, Melissa K., additional, Chang, Howard Y., additional, Chen, Xin, additional, Cheng, Tao, additional, Chuva de Sousa Lopes, Susana M., additional, Clark, Gregory O., additional, Dowell, Joshua D., additional, Draper, Jonathan S., additional, Evans, Martin, additional, Field, Loren J., additional, Fuller, Margaret T., additional, Gardner, Richard L., additional, Gavrilov, Svetlana, additional, Gearhart, John D., additional, Gersbach, Charles A., additional, Horb, Marko E., additional, Itskovitz-Eldor, Joseph, additional, Ji, Junfeng, additional, Johnson, Penny, additional, Jones, D. Leanne, additional, Kent, Kathleen C., additional, Kerr, Candace L., additional, Khademhosseini, Ali, additional, Klimanskaya, Irina, additional, Kraszewski, Jennifer N., additional, Kues, Wilfried A., additional, Landry, Donald W., additional, Langer, Robert, additional, Levenberg, Shulamit, additional, Littlefield, John W., additional, Lucas-Hahn, Andrea, additional, McLaren, Anne, additional, McMahon, Jill, additional, Martins-Green, M., additional, Mayshar, Yoav, additional, Melton, Douglas, additional, Mummery, Christine L., additional, Nagy, Andras, additional, Niemann, Heiner, additional, Nishikawa, Shin-Ichi, additional, Niwa, Hitoshi, additional, Okita, Keisuke, additional, Papaioannou, Virginia E., additional, Patterson, Ethan S., additional, Pébay, Alice, additional, Pera, Martin F., additional, Petreaca, M., additional, Price, Emily N., additional, Rossant, Jane, additional, Rubart, Michael, additional, Scadden, David T., additional, Schulz, Thomas, additional, Shamblott, Michael J., additional, Singh, Harvir, additional, Stocum, David L., additional, Thomson, James A., additional, Tosh, David, additional, Trounson, Alan, additional, Xu, Chunhui, additional, Yamamizu, Kohei, additional, Yamanaka, Shinya, additional, Yamashita, Jun K., additional, Young, Holly, additional, Zhong, Bonan, additional, Zon, Leonard I., additional, Zwaka, Thomas P., additional, and Zweigerdt, Robert, additional

Published
2013
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7. Contributors

Author

Aboushwareb, Tamer, primary, Ahlstrom, Jon D., additional, Almarza, Alejandro J., additional, Anderson, James M., additional, Arcidiacono, Judith, additional, Atala, Anthony, additional, Badylak, Stephen F., additional, Bae, Jae Hyun, additional, Ballios, Brian G., additional, Batra, Ashok, additional, Baumann, M. Douglas, additional, Bellamkonda, Ravi V., additional, Bergmann, Nicole M., additional, Bhatia, Mickie, additional, Birchall, Martin A., additional, Blau, Helen M., additional, Boerckel, Joel D., additional, Brivanlou, Ali H., additional, Cananzi, Mara, additional, Caplan, Arnold I., additional, Carnwath, Joseph W., additional, Challen, Grant A., additional, Christ, George J., additional, Chung, Hyun Jung, additional, Colehour, Maegen, additional, Cooke, Michael J., additional, Correlo, V.M., additional, Cosgrove, Benjamin D., additional, Da Sacco, Stefano, additional, Dang, Jiyoung M., additional, Day, Richard M., additional, De Coppi, Paolo, additional, De Filippo, Roger E., additional, Dodla, Mahesh C., additional, Domínguez-Bendala, Juan, additional, Dorin, Ryan P., additional, Durfor, Charles N., additional, Effros, Rita B., additional, Elisseeff, Jennifer H., additional, Ellis, Ewa C.S., additional, Emamaullee, Juliet A., additional, Fagerholm, Per, additional, Feng, Qiang, additional, Fink, Donald, additional, Fisher, Matthew B., additional, García, Andrés J., additional, Gavrilov, Svetlana, additional, Gazit, Dan, additional, Gazit, Zulma, additional, Gemmiti, Christopher V., additional, Gersbach, Charles A., additional, Goodell, Margaret A., additional, Grayeski, Deborah Lavoie, additional, Green, Ronald M., additional, Griffith, May, additional, Guldberg, Robert E., additional, Guo, Qiongyu, additional, Hacker, M.C., additional, Hackett, Joanne, additional, Hare, Joshua M., additional, Harrison, Benjamin S., additional, Hatzistergos, Konstantinos E., additional, Healy, Kevin E., additional, Hilbert, Stephen L., additional, Hu, Jiang, additional, Huber, Alexander, additional, Humes, H. David, additional, Irwin, Elizabeth F., additional, Isenberg, Brett C., additional, Iwata, Takanori, additional, Janes, Sam, additional, Jeng, Lily, additional, Ji, Junfeng, additional, Johnston, Josephine, additional, Johnston, Kimberly A., additional, Kaplan, David L., additional, Kaplan, David S., additional, Karaoglu, Sinan, additional, Katz, Adam J., additional, Kim, Jaehyun, additional, Kimbrel, Erin A., additional, Kimelman, Nadav, additional, Kluge, Jonathan A., additional, Koh, Chester J., additional, Kolambkar, Yash M., additional, Komura, Makoto, additional, Kues, Wilfried A., additional, Ng kee Kwong, Francois, additional, Lagali, Neil, additional, Lamba, Deepak A., additional, Landry, Donald W., additional, Lanza, Robert, additional, Larson, Barrett, additional, Latorre, Malcolm A., additional, Lazarus, Ellen, additional, Lee, Hyukjin, additional, Lee, Mark H., additional, Lee, Sang Jin, additional, Leisk, Gary G., additional, Li, Feng, additional, Liang, Rui, additional, Lin, Kuanyin K., additional, Liu, Xiaohua, additional, Longaker, Michael T., additional, Lorenz, H. Peter, additional, Lu, Shi-Jiang, additional, Lucas-Hahn, Andrea, additional, Ma, Peter X., additional, Macchiarini, Paolo, additional, Machingal, Masood A., additional, Mano, J.F., additional, Martins-Green, M., additional, McCall, Michael, additional, McFarland, Richard, additional, McHale, Melissa K., additional, Mericli, Alexander F., additional, Mikos, A.G., additional, Mukhatyar, Vivek J., additional, Nauta, Allison, additional, Neves, N.M., additional, Niemann, Heiner, additional, Okano, Teruo, additional, Okita, Keisuke, additional, Oliveira, J.M., additional, Papaioannou, Virginia E., additional, Park, Tae Gwan, additional, Pelled, Gadi, additional, Perin, Laura, additional, Petreaca, M., additional, Pileggi, Antonello, additional, Pollock, Jacob F., additional, Porter, Blaise D., additional, Radisic, Milica, additional, Rao, Nandini, additional, Reddi, A.H., additional, Reh, Thomas A., additional, Reis, R.L., additional, Ricordi, Camillo, additional, Roelandt, Philip, additional, Sangan, Caroline Beth, additional, Saul, Justin M., additional, Schaffer, David V., additional, Schuch, Gunter, additional, Sefton, Michael V., additional, Selem, Sarah, additional, Shapiro, A.M. James, additional, Sheardown, Heather, additional, Sheyn, Dima, additional, Shoichet, Molly S., additional, Singh, Harvir, additional, Sirivisoot, Sirinrath, additional, Skuk, Daniel, additional, Soker, Shay, additional, Spector, Myron, additional, Stocum, David L., additional, Strom, Stephen C., additional, Thomson, James A., additional, Tosh, David, additional, Tranquillo, Robert T., additional, Tremblay, Jacques P., additional, Verfaillie, Catherine M., additional, Wang, Zhan, additional, West, Jennifer L., additional, Whittlesey, Kevin J., additional, Williams, Chrysanthi, additional, Williams, David F., additional, Williams, J. Koudy, additional, Witten, Celia, additional, Woo, Savio L.-Y., additional, Wood, Fiona, additional, Yamanaka, Shinya, additional, Yamato, Masayuki, additional, Yazdani, Saami K., additional, Yoo, James J., additional, Yu, Junying, additional, and Zhong, Bonan, additional

Published
2011
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9. List of Contributors

Author

Ahlstrom, Jon D., primary, Ahsan, Taby, additional, Allickson, Julie, additional, Almarza, Alejandro J., additional, Anderson, James M., additional, Andrews, Peter, additional, Aslan, Hadi, additional, Atala, Anthony, additional, Badylak, Stephen F., additional, Batra, Ashok, additional, Baumann, M. Douglas, additional, Bellamkonda, Ravi V., additional, Bergman, Nicole M., additional, Beyhan, Z., additional, Bhatia, Mickie, additional, Bhatia, Sangeeta N., additional, Black, Peter M., additional, Blau, Helen, additional, Boden, Scott D., additional, Brey, Eric M., additional, Brivanlou, Ali H., additional, Brown, Chris R., additional, Bruder, Scott P., additional, Chambers, S.M., additional, Chen, Christopher S., additional, Chen, LiHow, additional, Chen, Mike, additional, Chen, Sulin, additional, Cheng, N., additional, Christ, George J., additional, Chung, Seyung, additional, Cibelli, J.B., additional, Cimini, Massimo, additional, De Coppi, Paolo, additional, Dodla, Mahesh C., additional, Dominguez-Bendala, Juan, additional, Doyle, AM, additional, Durfor, Charles N., additional, Echelard, Yann, additional, Effros, Rita B., additional, Elisseeff, Jennifer, additional, Ellis, Ewa C.S., additional, Emamaullee, Juliet A., additional, Erickson, Carol A., additional, De Filippo, Roger, additional, Fink, Donald, additional, Fissell, William H., additional, Friedlaender, Gary E., additional, Furth, Mark E., additional, Gafni, Yossi, additional, Gage, Keneth, additional, Garcia, Andres, additional, Gavin, William, additional, Gazit, Daniel, additional, Gazit, Zulma, additional, Gemmiti, Christopher S., additional, Gerlach, Jörg C., additional, Gokhale, Paul J., additional, Goodell, M.A., additional, Griffith, May, additional, Guenin, Louis M., additional, Giuliani, Stefano, additional, Guldberg, Robert E., additional, Hacker, M.C., additional, Harrison, Benjamin S., additional, Hartmann, Bernd, additional, Hilbert, Stephen H., additional, Hillel, Alexander, additional, Hipp, Jason, additional, Holcomb, Col. J.B., additional, Hollinger, Jeffrey O., additional, Holy, Chantal E., additional, Hout, Mariah, additional, Hu, Jiang, additional, Huang, George T.-J., additional, Huard, Johnny, additional, Hui, Elliot E., additional, Humes, H. David, additional, Intaglietta, Marcos, additional, Ji, Junfeng, additional, Jiang, Yueha, additional, Johnen, Christa, additional, Johnston, Josephine, additional, Joraku, Akira, additional, Kaplan, David L., additional, Kaplan, David S., additional, Khang, Gilson, additional, Khanzada, Rehan N., additional, Kim, Soon Hee, additional, Kim, Moon Suk, additional, Kimelman, Nadav, additional, Klimanskaya, Irina, additional, Kluge, Jonathan A., additional, Kolambkar, Yash, additional, Koh, Chester J., additional, Komura, Makoto, additional, Kondziolka, Douglas, additional, Konya, Deniz, additional, Kues, Wilfried A., additional, Kwong, Francois Ng kee, additional, Lamba, Deepak, additional, Lee, Hai Bang, additional, Lee, Hyukjin, additional, Leisk, Gary G., additional, Leong, Kam W., additional, Levine, Ariel J., additional, Li, Ren Ke, additional, Li, Wan-Ju, additional, Lim, Grace J., additional, Lin, Yan, additional, Lindblad, William J., additional, Liu, Wendy F., additional, Liu, Xiaohua, additional, Lucas-Hahn, Andrea, additional, Luttun, Aernout, additional, Lynch, Samuel, additional, Ma, Peter X., additional, Maher, Ellen, additional, Martins-Green, Manuela, additional, McClelland, Randall E., additional, McFarland, Richard, additional, McIntire, Larry V., additional, Meade, Harry, additional, Melican, David L., additional, Mikos, A.G., additional, Montoya, Fernando Ulloa, additional, Nerem, Robert M., additional, Niemann, Heiner, additional, Nori, Aparna, additional, Pabst, Patrea L., additional, Park, Kook In, additional, Park, Tae Gwan, additional, Patterson, David P., additional, Pauwelyn, Karen, additional, Pelled, Gadi, additional, Perin, Laura, additional, Petreaca, M., additional, Pileggi, Antonello, additional, Pomerantz, Jason H., additional, Porter, Blaise, additional, Radisic, Milica, additional, Ratner, Buddy D., additional, Reddi, A. Hari, additional, Reh, Thomas A., additional, Reid, Lola M., additional, Ricordi, Camillo, additional, Ross, Jeff, additional, Russell, Alan J., additional, Santos, Filipe N.C., additional, Schmitz, John P., additional, Schuch, Gunter, additional, Sedrakyan, Sargis, additional, Sefton, Michael V., additional, Serafini, Marta, additional, Shah, Paulesh, additional, Shapiro, A.M. James, additional, Sheardown, Heather, additional, Shoichet, Molly S., additional, Siddiqui, M. Minhaj, additional, Sidman, Richard L., additional, Silverman, Ronald, additional, Skuk, Daniel, additional, Snyder, Evan, additional, Soker, Shay, additional, Spector, Myron, additional, Stocum, David L., additional, Strom, Stephen C., additional, Taylor, Doris A., additional, Teng, Yang D., additional, Thomson, James, additional, Tranquillo, Robert T., additional, Tremblay, Jacques P., additional, Tsai, Amy, additional, Tuan, Rocky S., additional, Tubo, Ross S., additional, Van Dyke, Mark, additional, Vavoie, Deborah, additional, Verfaillie, Catherine, additional, Volenec, F. Jerry, additional, Wargo, Sara, additional, Warnwath, Joseph W., additional, Wechsler, Lawrence, additional, Wei, Shen, additional, Weisel, Richard D., additional, West, Jennifer L., additional, Williams, Chrysanthi, additional, Williams, J. Koudy, additional, Witten, Celia, additional, Wolf, Steven E., additional, Woo, Savio L.-Y., additional, Wosnick, Jordan H., additional, Wrenzycki, Christine, additional, Xaymardan, Munira, additional, Yao, Hsin-Lei, additional, Yazdani, Saami K., additional, Yelick, Pamela C., additional, Yoo, James J., additional, Yu, Junying, additional, Zeilinger, Katrin, additional, Zeng, Lepeng, additional, Zenovich, Andrey G., additional, Zhong, Bonan, additional, Ziomek, Carol A., additional, and Zoloth, Laurie, additional

Published
2008
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13. Contributors

Author

Abraham, Gordon, primary, Ahmed, Rafi, additional, Aihara, Katsutoshi, additional, Air, G.M., additional, Akashi, Hiroomi, additional, Akkina, Ramesh K., additional, Allison, Lisa M., additional, Alonso-Caplen, Firelli V., additional, Auperin, David D., additional, Bächi, Thomas, additional, Basak, Sukla, additional, Bean, William J., additional, Belloncik, Serge, additional, Bishop, David H.L., additional, Bos, Timothy J., additional, Bosch, F.X., additional, Both, G.W., additional, Bouloy, M., additional, Braam, Janet, additional, Brownlee, George G., additional, Bucher, D.J., additional, Buchmeier, Michael J., additional, Buckler-White, Alicia J., additional, Buonagurio, Deborah A., additional, Carver, A.S., additional, Caton, Andrew J., additional, Chambers, Thomas M., additional, Chanock, Robert M., additional, Choppin, Purnell W., additional, Clark, W., additional, Clegg, J.C.S., additional, Clements, Mary Lou, additional, Clerx, John P.M., additional, Collett, M.S., additional, Colman, P.M., additional, Compans, Richard W., additional, Cox, Nancy J., additional, Dabrowski, Janusz, additional, Dalrymple, Joel M., additional, Datema, Roelf, additional, Davis, Alan R., additional, DeBorde, Dan C., additional, Dimmock, N.J., additional, Donabedian, Armen M., additional, Dourmashkin, R.R., additional, Elliott, L.H., additional, Elliott, Richard M., additional, Eshita, Yuki, additional, Finch, John T., additional, Fuller, Frederick, additional, Gerbaud, S., additional, Gerhard, Walter, additional, Geyer, Rudolf, additional, Girard, M., additional, Gonzalez, J.P., additional, Greenberg, J.A., additional, Gregoriades, Anastasia, additional, Haber, Lynne F., additional, Haller, Otto, additional, Hansen, Joanna, additional, Hewlett, Martinez J., additional, Hinshaw, V.S., additional, Hodges, Robert S., additional, Hosaka, Yasuhiro, additional, Howard, Colin R., additional, Ihara, Takeshi, additional, Ishizawa, Lori D., additional, Jennings, Philip A., additional, Jing, Guozhong, additional, Keil, Walter, additional, Kendal, Alan P., additional, Kilbourne, E.D., additional, Kiley, M.P., additional, Kingsford, Laura, additional, Klenk, Hans-Dieter, additional, Krug, Robert M., additional, Krystal, Mark, additional, Lai, Ching-Juh, additional, Lamb, Robert A., additional, Laver, W.G., additional, Law, Ming-Fan, additional, Lees, Janice F., additional, Leung, Wai-Choi, additional, Lewicki, Hanna, additional, Lin, Bor-Chian, additional, Lloyd, G., additional, London, William T., additional, Maassab, H.F., additional, Mahy, B.W.J., additional, Markoff, Lewis, additional, Matsuoka, Yumiko, additional, McCauley, John W., additional, McCormick, J.B., additional, McGhee, Jerry R., additional, McQueen, Nancy L., additional, Meier-Ewert, Herbert, additional, Michalek, Suzanne M., additional, Mitchell, S.W., additional, Miyamoto, Tsutomu, additional, Mong, Kam, additional, Müller, Karin, additional, Murphy, Brian R., additional, Naeve, C.W., additional, Nakada, Susumu, additional, Nakajima, K., additional, Nakajima, S., additional, Nayak, Debi P., additional, Niemann, Heiner, additional, Oldstone, Michael B.A., additional, Palese, Peter, additional, Pardigon, N., additional, Parker, M.D., additional, Pattnaik, Asit K., additional, Paulson, James C., additional, Penn, C.R., additional, Peters, Susan M., additional, Pringle, Craig R., additional, Pritchett, Thomas J., additional, Purchio, A.F., additional, Ramsingh, Arlene, additional, Raymond, F. Lucy, additional, Robertson, James S., additional, Rogers, Gary N., additional, Romanowski, Victor, additional, Romero, Pedro A., additional, Rott, R., additional, Rud, Erling, additional, Salmi, Aimo, additional, Salter, Mark, additional, Schmaljohn, Connie S., additional, Scholtissek, Christoph, additional, Schwarz, Ralph T., additional, Sekikawa, Kenji, additional, Shaw, Michael W., additional, Shimizu, Kazufumi, additional, Smith, J.F., additional, Southern, Peter J., additional, Spriggs, Melanie K., additional, Taneja, Ashok K., additional, Taylor, H.P., additional, Tian, Shu-fang, additional, Ulmanen, Ismo, additional, van Wyke, Kathleen L., additional, Varghese, J.N., additional, Vialat, P., additional, Wang, Xiao-fan, additional, Ward, C.W., additional, Watret, Gillian E., additional, Webster, R.G., additional, Winter, Greg, additional, and Yewdell, Jonathan W., additional

Published
1984
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14. PROCESSING OF THE HEMAGGLUTININ

Author

Klenk, Hans-Dieter, primary, Garten, Wolfgang, additional, Keil, Walter, additional, Niemann, Heiner, additional, Bosch, Franz X., additional, Schwarz, Ralph T., additional, Scholtissek, Christoph, additional, and Rott, Rudolf, additional

Published
1981
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15. Benthic respiration and energy transfer in cold seep habitats

Author

Sommer, Stefan, Linke, Peter, Pfannkuche, Olaf, Niemann, Heiner, Treude, Tina, Dale, Andy W., Haeckel, Matthias, Sommer, Stefan, Linke, Peter, Pfannkuche, Olaf, Niemann, Heiner, Treude, Tina, Dale, Andy W., and Haeckel, Matthias

Published
2009

16. Melatonin enhances in vitro developmental competence of cumulus-oocyte complexes collected by ovum pick-up in prepubertal and adult dairy cattle.

Author

Gutiérrez-Añez JC, Lucas-Hahn A, Hadeler KG, Aldag P, and Niemann H

Subjects
Animals, Blastocyst, Cattle, Embryo Culture Techniques veterinary, Female, Fertilization in Vitro veterinary, Oocytes, In Vitro Oocyte Maturation Techniques veterinary, Melatonin pharmacology
Abstract

Bovine oocytes from prepubertal donors have been used for in vitro embryo production to decrease the generation interval. However, reduced cumulus-oocyte competence, mainly attributed to increased apoptosis, has been observed in oocytes/embryos collected from prepubertal donors. Here, we investigated the effects of the potent antioxidative molecule melatonin on cumulus-oocyte competence and embryo development in prepubertal and adult dairy cattle in vitro. A total of fifteen Holstein Friesian calves, six to ten months old (7.6 ± 1.34 months of age). And fifteen adult cows with one to four calvings (2.3 ± 0.96 calvings) were enrolled as ovum pick up (OPU) donors in this study. Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were cultured either in the presence or absence of melatonin (0.01 nM). The proportion of cleavage stages, blastocysts, and advanced blastocysts was determined. Embryo quality was assessed via differential staining to determine the total embryonic cells and allocation to the inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE) cells. Melatonin treatment yielded a greater percentage of blastocysts compared to the control group, i.e. oocytes from both adult cows (P = 0.0485; 24.8 ± 3.5% vs. 16.0 ± 3.4%, respectively), and from prepubertal donors (P = 0.0007; Melatonin 23.1 ± 5.1% vs. Control: 11.1 ± 3.5%). Adult cows had significantly (P = 0.0370) greater advanced blastocyst rates than those found in the prepubertal group (13.9%± vs. 7.0±%, respectively). Additionally, the number of ICM, total cells, and the ratios ICM: Total, ICM: TE, respectively, were greater (P < 0.05) after melatonin treatment compared with the control group (39.1 ± 2.8, 98.6 ± 5.7, 0.4 ± 0.01, and 0.7 ± 0.04 vs. 27.3 ± 2.9, 81.2 ± 5.8, 0.34 ± 0.01, and 0.52 ± 0.04, respectively). Blastocysts derived from adult cows had a greater number of TE (P = 0.01) and total embryonic cells (P = 0.0095) compared to the prepubertal donor group (63.5 ± 3.2 and 101.05 ± 4.8 vs. 48.9 ± 4.3 and 78.8 ± 6.5, respectively). Nevertheless, embryonic cell counting in embryos derived from prepubertal COCs equated to that observed from adult donors after melatonin exposure. In conclusion, these results indicate that the presence of melatonin during in vitro maturation improves cumulus-oocyte competence, embryo development, and quality by increasing the allocation of embryonic cells to the ICM compartment and the total number of embryonic cells in both adult and prepubertal bovine donors., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest No conflicts of interest occurred to carry out this experiment., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2021
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17. Triple (GGTA1, CMAH, B2M) modified pigs expressing an SLA class I low phenotype-Effects on immune status and susceptibility to human immune responses.

Author

Hein R, Sake HJ, Pokoyski C, Hundrieser J, Brinkmann A, Baars W, Nowak-Imialek M, Lucas-Hahn A, Figueiredo C, Schuberth HJ, Niemann H, Petersen B, and Schwinzer R

Subjects
Animals, Histocompatibility Antigens Class I genetics, Histocompatibility Antigens Class II, Humans, Immunity, Phenotype, Swine, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Leukocytes, Mononuclear
Abstract

Porcine xenografts lacking swine leukocyte antigen (SLA) class I are thought to be protected from human T cell responses. We have previously shown that SLA class I deficiency can be achieved in pigs by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletion of β 2 -microglobulin (B2M). Here, we characterized another line of genetically modified pigs in which targeting of the B2M locus did not result in complete absence of B2M and SLA class I but rather in significantly reduced expression levels of both molecules. Residual SLA class I was functionally inert, because no proper differentiation of the CD8 + T cell subset was observed in B2M low pigs. Cells from B2M low pigs were less capable in triggering proliferation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro, which was mainly due to the nonresponsiveness of CD8 + T cells. Nevertheless, cytotoxic effector cells developing from unaffected cell populations (eg, CD4 + T cells, natural killer cells) lysed targets from both SLA class I + wildtype and SLA class I low pigs with similar efficiency. These data indicate that the absence of SLA class I is an effective approach to prevent the activation of human CD8 + T cells during the induction phase of an anti-xenograft response. However, cytotoxic activity of cells during the effector phase cannot be controlled by this approach., (© 2019 The Authors. American Journal of Transplantation published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of The American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons.)

Published
2020
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18. Murine pluripotent stem cells with a homozygous knockout of Foxg1 show reduced differentiation towards cortical progenitors in vitro.

Author

Mall EM, Herrmann D, and Niemann H

Subjects
Animals, Cell Differentiation genetics, Cell Differentiation physiology, Embryoid Bodies cytology, Forkhead Transcription Factors genetics, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Mice, Mice, Knockout, Nerve Tissue Proteins genetics, Neurons cytology, Neurons metabolism, Pluripotent Stem Cells metabolism, Forkhead Transcription Factors metabolism, Nerve Tissue Proteins metabolism, Pluripotent Stem Cells cytology
Abstract

Foxg1 is a transcription factor critical for the development of the mammalian telencephalon. Foxg1 controls the proliferation of dorsal telencephalon progenitors and the specification of the ventral telencephalon. Homozygous knockout of Foxg1 in mice leads to severe microcephaly, attributed to premature differentiation of telencephalic progenitors, mainly of cortical progenitors. Here, we analyzed the influence of a Foxg1 knockout on differentiation of murine pluripotent stem cells (mPSCs) in an in vitro model of neuronal development. Murine PSCs were prone to neuronal differentiation in embryoid body like culture with minimal medium conditions, based on the intrinsic default of PSCs to develop into cortical progenitors. Differences between Foxg1 wildtype (Foxg1 WT ) and knockout (Foxg1 KO ) mPSCs were analyzed. Several mPSC lines with homozygous mutations in Foxg1 were produced using the CRISPR/Cas9 system leading to loss of functional domains. Analysis of mRNA expression using quantitative Real-Time (q) PCR revealed that Foxg1 KO mPSCs expressed significantly less mRNA of Foxg1, Emx1, and VGlut1 compared to Foxg1 WT controls, indicating reduced differentiation towards dorsal telencephalic progenitors. However, the size of the derived EB-like structures did not differ between Foxg1 WT and Foxg1 KO mPSCs. These results show that loss of dorsal telencephalic progenitors can be detected using a simple and rapid differentiation protocol. This study is a first hint that this differentiation method can be used to analyze even extreme phenotypes that are lethal in vivo., (Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2017
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19. Oocyte pre-IVM with caffeine improves bovine embryo survival after vitrification.

Author

Bernal-Ulloa SM, Lucas-Hahn A, Herrmann D, Hadeler KG, Aldag P, Baulain U, and Niemann H

Subjects
Animals, Blastocyst cytology, Blastocyst drug effects, Female, Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors pharmacology, Vitrification, Caffeine pharmacology, Cattle, Cryopreservation veterinary, Embryo Culture Techniques veterinary, In Vitro Oocyte Maturation Techniques veterinary, Oocytes drug effects
Abstract

Cryopreservation of in vitro produced bovine embryos is associated with significantly reduced survival rates, mainly due to insufficient quality of the embryos. Caffeine supplementation during IVM has been used to delay meiotic resumption and concomitantly also increased embryo quality. Here, we investigated the influence of pre-IVM with caffeine on oocyte maturation, intraoocyte cAMP concentration, developmental competence after IVF, and blastocyst cryotolerance. Oocytes were obtained by slicing of ovaries and were submitted to either 2 hours culture before IVM with or without caffeine (0, 1, 5, 10, 20, 30 mM), or standard IVM (no pre-IVM). Oocytes were in vitro matured and fertilized and zygotes were cultured under standard in vitro conditions until Day 8. Expanded blastocysts derived from either standard control or the 10-mM caffeine treatments were submitted to vitrification. Caffeine delayed meiotic resumption after 9-hour IVM in a concentration-dependent manner. The cAMP levels were similar before and after IVM. Matured oocytes, cleavage, and blastocyst rates were reduced in the 30-mM caffeine concentration and were similar among the other treatment groups. Number and proportion of inner cell mass and trophectoderm cells in blastocysts did not differ among treatments. Forty-eight hours after thawing, hatching rates were higher in the 10-mM caffeine group (73.8%) compared with the standard control (59.7%). Reexpansion rates and total number of cells after 48 hours were similar in both treatments. The ratio of live/total cells was higher in the caffeine treatment. These results suggest that caffeine supplementation before IVM delayed meiotic resumption and improved blastocyst quality shown in higher cryotolerance., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2016
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20. Epigenetic reprogramming in mammalian species after SCNT-based cloning.

Author

Niemann H

Subjects
Animals, Cloning, Organism methods, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Cloning, Organism veterinary, Epigenesis, Genetic physiology, Mammals, Nuclear Transfer Techniques veterinary
Abstract

The birth of "Dolly," the first mammal cloned from an adult mammary epithelial cell, abolished the decades-old scientific dogma implying that a terminally differentiated cell cannot be reprogrammed into a pluripotent embryonic state. The most dramatic epigenetic reprogramming occurs in SCNT when the expression profile of a differentiated cell is abolished and a new embryo-specific expression profile, involving 10,000 to 12,000 genes, and thus, most genes of the entire genome is established, which drives embryonic and fetal development. The initial release from somatic cell epigenetic constraints is followed by establishment of post-zygotic expression patterns, X-chromosome inactivation, and adjustment of telomere length. Somatic cell nuclear transfer may be associated with a variety of pathologic changes of the fetal and placental phenotype in a proportion of cloned offspring, specifically in ruminants, that are thought to be caused by aberrant epigenetic reprogramming. Improvements in our understanding of this dramatic epigenetic reprogramming event will be instrumental in realizing the great potential of SCNT for basic research and for important agricultural and biomedical applications. Here, current knowledge on epigenetic reprogramming after use of SCNT in livestock is reviewed, with emphasis on gene-specific and global DNA methylation, imprinting, X-chromosome inactivation, and telomere length restoration in early development., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2016
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21. Parent-of-origin dependent gene-specific knock down in mouse embryos.

Author

Iqbal K, Kues WA, and Niemann H

Subjects
Alleles, Animals, Blastocyst metabolism, Female, Green Fluorescent Proteins chemistry, Green Fluorescent Proteins metabolism, Male, Mice, Mice, Transgenic, Oocytes metabolism, RNA Interference, RNA, Small Interfering metabolism, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Transgenes, Gene Expression Profiling, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
Abstract

In mice hemizygous for the Oct4-GFP transgene, the F1 embryos show parent-of-origin dependent expression of the marker gene. F1 embryos with a maternally derived OG2 allele (OG2(mat)/-) express GFP in the oocyte and during preimplantation development until the blastocyst stage indicating a maternal and embryonic expression pattern. F1-embryos with a paternally inherited OG2 allele (OG2(pat)/-) express GFP from the 4- to 8-cell stage onwards showing only embryonic expression. This allows to study allele specific knock down of GFP expression. RNA interference (RNAi) was highly efficient in embryos with the paternally inherited GFP allele, whereas embryos with the maternally inherited GFP allele showed a delayed and less stringent suppression, indicating that the initial levels of the target transcript and the half life of the protein affect RNAi efficacy. RT-PCR analysis revealed only minimum of GFP mRNA. These results have implications for studies of gene silencing in mammalian embryos.

Published
2007
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22. Development to the blastocyst stage of parthenogenetically activated in vitro matured porcine oocytes after solid surface vitrification (SSV).

Author

Somfai T, Dinnyés A, Sage D, Marosán M, Carnwath JW, Ozawa M, Kikuchi K, and Niemann H

Subjects
Animals, Cell Survival drug effects, Cell Survival physiology, Cells, Cultured, Cryopreservation methods, Cytochalasin B pharmacology, Embryo Culture Techniques methods, Female, Oocytes physiology, Pregnancy, Blastocyst physiology, Cryopreservation veterinary, Embryo Culture Techniques veterinary, Embryo, Mammalian physiology, Swine embryology
Abstract

The effects of solid surface vitrification (SSV) on viability and parthenogenetic development of in vitro matured (IVM) porcine oocytes was investigated in the present study. Cumulus-free IVM porcine oocytes were subjected either to SSV or SSV combined with a cytochalasin B (CB) pre-treatment (SSV+CB) or all steps of SSV but without cooling (toxicity control=TC; toxicity control with CB pre-treatment=TC+CB). Oocyte viability was evaluated by plasma membrane integrity and esterase activity measured by a combined staining with fluorescein diacetate, propidium iodide and Hoechst 33342. Surviving oocytes were parthenogenetically activated then cultured in vitro (IVC) for 6 days. The proportion of live oocytes after vitrification was significantly lower than that of the TC, TC+CB and the control groups, regardless of the CB pre-treatment. Treatment of oocytes with cryoprotectants did not decrease the rates of surviving oocytes. After activation of oocytes, the proportion of cleaved embryos was significantly higher in the SSV+CB (P<0.05) than that of the SSV group. Nevertheless, significantly more oocytes cleaved (P<0.05) in the TC, TC+CB and the control groups. On Day 6, the rate of blastocysts in the SSV and SSV+CB groups did not differ significantly. The number of oocytes developing to blastocyst and the mean number of blastomeres per embryo were significantly higher (P<0.05) in the TC, TC+CB and the control compared with that of the SSV and SSV+CB groups. To our knowledge, this is the first report on parthenogenetic development to blastocysts of porcine oocytes vitrified at the metaphase-II stage. Results indicate that the high concentrations of cryoprotectants were not harmful for in vitro development, and that CB pre-treatment may increase survival and development of SSV vitrified porcine oocytes.

Published
2006
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23. Epigenetic reprogramming in early embryonic development: effects of in-vitro production and somatic nuclear transfer.

Author

Wrenzycki C and Niemann H

Subjects
Animals, Cloning, Organism, DNA Methylation, Epigenesis, Genetic physiology, Fertilization in Vitro methods, Genomic Imprinting, Mice, Ruminants, X Chromosome, Fertilization in Vitro veterinary, Nuclear Transfer Techniques
Abstract

A considerable proportion of offspring, in particular in ruminants and mice, born from nuclear transfer (NT)-derived and in-vitro-produced (IVP) embryos is affected by multiple abnormalities of which a high birthweight and an extended gestation length are the predominant features; a phenomenon that has been called 'large offspring syndrome' (LOS). The underlying mechanisms are largely unknown at present, but alterations of epigenetic modifications of embryonic and fetal gene expression patterns, primarily caused by alterations in DNA methylation are thought to be involved in this syndrome. In mammals, DNA methylation is essential for the regulation of transcription during development and differentiation. This review summarizes results from studies in which mRNA expression patterns from IVP and NT-derived embryos were compared with those of their in-vivo counterparts. Numerous aberrations have been found ranging from suppression of expression to de-novo overexpression or more frequently to a significant up- or down-regulation of a specific gene. These observations emphasize the need for further epigenetic studies during preimplantation embryo development to gain insight into the molecular regulation correlated with an undisturbed embryonic and fetal development. Understanding molecular mechanisms will aid improvements in biotechnologies applied to early embryos in all species, including humans.

Published
2003
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24. Laparoscopical intrauterine insemination with different doses of fresh, conserved, and frozen semen for the production of ovine zygotes.

Author

Ehling C, Wirth P, Schindler L, Hadeler KG, Döpke HH, Lemme E, Herrmann D, and Niemann H

Subjects
Aging, Animals, Breeding, Cryopreservation, Female, Insemination, Artificial methods, Male, Sperm Count, Insemination, Artificial veterinary, Laparoscopy, Semen physiology, Semen Preservation veterinary, Sheep, Zygote physiology
Abstract

The objective of the present study was to increase the efficiency in the production of ovine zygotes suitable for microinjection via laparoscopical intrauterine insemination. In the first part of the study, 71 ewes of three different breeds were inseminated with one of two different insemination doses (50 x 10(6) or 300 x 10(6) sperm per inseminate) and semen was either freshly diluted, liquid conserved, or frozen/thawed, or females were mated by a fertile ram (controls). In the second part, a total of 46 ewes was inseminated with 300 x 10(6) freshly diluted sperm to verify the findings from part 1 and to unravel effects of breed and age of donor ewe. The oviducts were flushed 24-26 h after insemination and the success of insemination was assessed by microscopical examination. Recovery rates were 78.0+/-26.4 and 72.1+/-24.6% in parts 1 and 2 of the study, respectively. Of these oocytes 62.3 and 62.8% (parts 1 and 2, respectively) were fertilized. In part 1, the highest proportion (64.7%) of pronuclear stages was observed in the group inseminated with 300 x 10(6) freshly diluted semen and was significantly higher compared to the groups inseminated with 50 x 10(6) freshly diluted semen (25.5%, P<0.001), 300 x 10(6) liquid conserved semen (49.0%, P<0.001), or 50 x 10(6) frozen/thawed semen (39.6%, P<0.05). In the control group, the proportion of pronuclear stages amounted to 60.2%. Irrespective of the type of sperm conservation, the overall fertilization rate (zygotes plus 2-cell stages) was higher (P<0.05) following insemination with 300 x 10(6) sperm (68.2%) compared to 50 x 10(6) sperm (56.8%). In part 2, the proportion of pronuclear stages reached 54.2% with an overall fertilization rate of 62.9%. These results were affected by breed and age of the donor as crossbred and younger (<3 years) animals yielded the highest proportion of pronuclear stages. The present study shows that freshly diluted semen at a dosage of 300 x 10(6) sperm yields the highest fertilization rates, the greatest proportion of pronuclear stages and the lowest proportion of mature unfertilized oocytes. Further increases in yields of pronuclear stages can possibly be achieved by selection of sheep from the best suited breed and younger than 3 years of age.

Published
2003
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