Search

Background: According to Chinese Medicine system, Chinese honeysuckle have a lot of valuable metabolites which have a various potential like anti-inflammatory action, antidiabetic, analgesics, antipyretic, eliminates pollutants etc. It is frequently given for patients with colds that include fever, headaches, and sore throats, but it may also be used to help people who are overheated or under stress chill down. Objective and method: The present study is designed to screen out through SDSPAGE electrophoresis from the various proteins from Chinese honeysuckle (characterized by IR, NMR and mass spectrometry), evaluated their antimicrobial potential by using various microbial species (Bacillus subtilis MTCC 0441 and Escherichia coli MTCC 1573 with renowned standards). Results: Phytochemical analysis of different extracts showed the presence of different primary and secondary metabolite like alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, proteins, saponin, phenolic compounds etc. Various proteins are screened out with different kds weight like 10, 25, 30, 35, 48, 50, 55 and 70. The analytical analysis revealed the presence of various groups, protons etc. in proteins. The range of zone of inhibition was found to be 1.2 ± 0.01 to 14.5 ± 0.21. The maximum activity was found out in 70 kda protein against Bacillus subtilis. Conclusion: The data generated would be useful for the preparation of monograph of the plant. Generated scientific data may open the various doors for new researchers in coming future,

Introduction: Newer coexisting conditions should be identified in order to modify newer risk factors. Aim was to identify patients with non-classical or less common coexisting conditions in patients infected of COVID 19. Method: Single centred study from June 2020 to May 2021 at a tertiary centre in North India. A preformed questionnaire was used to record clinical and laboratory parameters and to identify cases which are in addition to CDC list and Indian data. Results: 0.67% (46) cases out of 6832 patients were identified to have non-classical coexisting illness. It was divided into 2 groups-infections A (60.1%) and non-infections B (39.9%). Group A included-tuberculosis- pulmonary (14.3%) & extra pulmonary (32.9%), bacterial (25.0%) viral infections [dengue, hepatitis B & C] (14.3%), HIV disease (10.7%) and malaria (3.6%). Group B included- organ transplant (27.8%), autoimmune [myasthenia gravis, polymyositis, psoriasis] (22.6%), haematologic [Haemophilia, ITP, Aplastic anaemia, APML, CML] (27.8%), uncommon malignancies [disseminated sacral chordoma and GTN] (11.1%) and snakebite (11.1%). Serum Procalcitonin was not helpful for diagnosis of bacterial infection in COVID-19 disease. Group A had significantly longer duration of illness, hepatitis and elevated CRP. The mortality in group A & B were 32.1% and 43.8% respectively. Death in non-severe COVID cases was in tetanus and snakebite. 30.7% death among tuberculosis patients. More than 70% of deaths were attributable to COVID 19 in both the groups. Conclusion: In Indian settings, comorbidities like tuberculosis and bacterial infections can precipitate severe COVID 19 unlike other parts of the world where tuberculosis is relatively uncommon.

Consumption of Cassia occidentalis (CO) seeds has been associated with the hepatomyoencephalopathy (HME) in children. Recently, we have characterized the toxic anthraquinones (AQs) such as Emodin, Rhein, Aloe-emodin, Chrysophanol and Physcion in CO seeds and detected these moieties in the bio fluids of CO poisoning cases. As AQs were detected in the serum of HME patients, their interaction with key biomolecules including protein, DNA and glutathione (GSH) is imperative. In this regard, we have previously reported the interaction of these AQs with serum albumin protein and their subsequent biological effects. However, the interaction of these AQs with DNA and GSH remained unexplored. In the present work, we have studied the binding of these AQs of CO seeds with DNA and GSH by fluorescence spectroscopy, UV–vis spectral analysis, molecular docking, and biochemical studies. Results indicated a higher binding affinity for Emodin (Ka = 3.854 × 104 L mol−1 S−1), Aloe-emodin (Ka = 0.961 × 104 L mol−1 S−1) and Rhein (Ka = 0.034 × 104 L mol−1 S−1) towards calf thymus DNA may be associated with their higher cytotoxicity. Alternatively, Physcion and Chrysophanol which showed less cytotoxicity in our earlier studies exhibited very low DNA binding. The binding pattern of all these AQs is consistent with the in-silico data. Absorption spectroscopy studies indicated the possible formation of GSH conjugate with Aloe-emodin and Physcion. Further biochemical measurement of GSH and GSSG (Glutathione disulfide) following incubation with AQs indicated that Aloe-emodin (28%) and Rhein (30%) oxidizes GSH to GSSG more as compared to other AQs. Taken together, these results suggest that the higher cytotoxicity of Rhein, Emodin and Aloe-emodin may be attributed to their potent DNA and GSH binding affinity. Keywords: Cassia occidentalis, Anthraquinone, DNA, Molecular docking, Glutathione