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Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is the most serious type of glioma with the highest tumorigenesis rate. Studies have found that the increased expression levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) contribute to tumor cell proliferation, anti-apoptosis, disseminated tumor growth, neovascularization, and anti-tumor immune surveillance inhibition. The prognostic value of the MMP gene family in different cancer types is becoming more apparent. As a result, the current study sought to perform a complete bioinformatics analysis to clarify the prognostic value of this family in GBM. Consequently, univariate, multivariate Cox, and time-dependent receiver operating curve analyses were performed on the data. Further, UALCAN, GEPIA2, cBioPortal, GeneMANIA, Enrichr, and TIMER were used for various analyses. We found that the mRNA expressions of MMP1/2/7/9/11/14/15/16/25 were all meaningfully upregulated in GBM relative to normal cases. Additionally, the overexpression of MMP2/10/11/13 and MMP1/9/10/14/19 was substantially linked to shorter overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS), respectively. Likewise, the high levels of MMP21 and MMP23B were correlated with longer OS and RFS, respectively. Our results provide new ideas for the role of MMPs in GBM, which may advance the use of MMPs as prognostic biomarkers in clinical applications.

Forage legumes are used to enhancement soil fertility of the agro ecosystem. Understanding effect of them on agro ecosystem soil status during when these legumes growing and after that is essential. In one experiment the effects of inoculation with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), Glomus mosseae, and mixed cropping systems (MCS) on forage biomass yield, nitrogen production, nitrogenase activity and after harvesting on soil microbial activity were studied at various mixed cropping ratios of berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L., B) to Persian clover (Trifolium resupinatum L., P) (B:P = 1:0, 3:1, 1:1, and 1:3). In the second experiment, the effect of treatments on soil microbial activity were studied by soil collection after clover harvesting and 8-week soil incubations in the laboratory. MCS had positive effects on root and shoot dry weight. The effects of AMF on plant yield were positive. AMF affected the fraction root and the vertical root distribution. Plants colonized by AMF showed shorter roots than control plants. At cut 1, with the AMF colonization, the greatest nitrogenase activity (79.61 μmol C2H4 g dwt−1 h−1) of root nodule was observed with B:P = 3:1. At cut 2, the Persian clover plants colonized by G. mosseae in the mixed crop (1:3) had a higher nitrogenase activity (77.38 μmol C2H4 g dwt−1 h−1). The greatest nitrogen accumulation in the aboveground biomass, 23.5 mg g−1 forage dry matter, was obtained with mixed cropping (B:P = 1:1) in the presence of the AMF colonization. Microbial activity measured as substrate-induced respiration and activities of dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, and acid phosphatase enzymes responded positively to AMF colonization; with the greatest activities for B:P = 1:3.