1. Enhancing photo-degradation of ciprofloxacin using simultaneous usage of e aq - and OH over UV/ZnO/I - process: Efficiency, kinetics, pathways, and mechanisms.
- Author
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Sarkhosh M, Sadani M, Abtahi M, Mohseni SM, Sheikhmohammadi A, Azarpira H, Najafpoor AA, Atafar Z, Rezaei S, Alli R, and Bay A
- Subjects
- Algorithms, Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis, Catalysis, Costs and Cost Analysis, Free Radical Scavengers, Hydroxyl Radical, Iodides, Kinetics, Reducing Agents, Ultraviolet Rays, Water Pollutants, Chemical chemistry, Zinc Oxide, Ciprofloxacin chemistry, Ciprofloxacin radiation effects, Photochemical Processes
- Abstract
The aim of this study is to develop the process relies on the UV irradiation of ZnO and I
- , i.e. UV/ZnO /I- (UZI), to create both oxidizer and reducer agents simultaneously for photo-degradation of the Ciprofloxacin (CIP). This paper shows that while applying UV irradiation, UV/ZnO and UV/I- for 20 min can lead to achieve 37.5%, 58.12%, and 61.4% photo-degradation of 100 mg L-1 CIP at pH 7, respectively. Moreover, the UZI treatment can provide 91.54% photo-degradation efficiency. The LC-MS analysis of the UZI effluent indicates that 10 min process was adequate to degrade CIP into simple ring-shaped metabolites while 15 min treatment, mostly of CIP intermediates were linear and biodegradable organic compounds. Furthermore, fourteen little fragments were identified in the CIP photo-degradation via UZI, during the photoreaction time of 2.5 to 20 min. Then, a pseudo first-order kinetics equation was utilized to model the observed photo-degradation process. Finally, the computational results show that the increased concentration of the CIP solution from 100 to 400 mg L-1 decreases the observed rate constant (kobs ) from 0.4125 to 0.2189 min-1 while increases the photoreaction rate (robs ) from 41.25 to 87.56 mg L-1 min-1 ., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2019
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