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Polysomnography remains the diagnostic gold standard for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), but it cannot be easily performed in a timely fashion within the practice of a craniomaxillofacial surgeon. Hence, in this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to identify radiographic indicators that could predict obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) diagnosis. We conducted a PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis, including 109 studies with 9817 participants (3509 controls, 6308 OSA patients), predominantly male (79% controls, 85% OSA patients). The analysis focused on CT (36, 33%), MRI (23, 21%), and lateral cephalogram findings (50, 46%). The average age and BMI for the included patients were 44.4 ± 14.4 years and 26.4 ± 5.2 kg/m 2 for controls, and 51.5 ± 40.4 years and 29.8 ± 6.4 kg/m 2 for the OSA group. A random-effects model meta-analysis was conducted on the measurements that met our criteria. Due to measurement differences between studies, only lateral cephalogram measurements could be included in the meta-analysis: OSA correlated with increased soft palate length and thickness, increased mandibular plane to hyoid bone distance, and decreased SNA, SNB, BaSN, SN distance, and palatal length (ANS-PNS). Although the study underscores radiographic utility for screening, PSG is necessary to establish a diagnosis of OSA., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest We have no conflicts of interest to disclose. The authors received financial support for collecting data from the Division of Plastic Reconstructive & Cosmetic Surgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois. No financial support was received for data interpretation and analysis, authorship, and/or publication of this article., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Background: Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease (ALD) is a leading cause of liver mortality. Mechanisms responsible for severe ALD and the roles of gut microbiota are not fully understood. Multi-omics tools have enabled a better understanding of metabolic alterations and can aid in identifying metabolites as biomarkers for severe ALD., Aims: Examine differences between cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic ALD, investigate microbial contributions to such changes, and identify potential diagnostic and prognostic metabolites for severe ALD., Methods: Untargeted metabolomics were performed on the serum of 11 non-cirrhotic and 11 cirrhotic ALD patients. Data were analyzed using MetOrigin and Metaboanalyst to identify enriched pathways., Results: Increased methylated nucleotides, gamma-glutamyl amino acids, bile acids, and specific metabolites kynurenine and campesterol were increased in ALD cirrhosis, whereas branched-chain amino acids, serotonin, and xanthurenate were decreased. Microbial contributions included increases in the short-chain fatty acid indolebutyrate and methionine sulfoxide in ALD cirrhosis. The analysis also identified the potential for serum levels of 3-ureidopropionate, cis-3,3-methyleneheptanoylglycine, retinol, and valine to be used as biomarkers for clinical assessment of alcohol-associated cirrhosis., Conclusion: We have identified a set of metabolites that are differentially altered in cirrhotic compared to non-cirrhotic ALD that can potentially be used as biomarkers for the severity of the disease., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest None., (Published by Elsevier Ltd.)