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Objectives: The increasing incidence of fluoroquinolones (FQ) resistance may lower its efficacy in preventing UTI following transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy (TRUS-PB). We assessed the efficacy and safety of FQ and fosfomycin-trometamol (FT) in patients undergoing TRUS-PB., Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted between April 2017 and June 2019 and enrolled men undergoing TRUS-PB and receiving a single-dose of FQ (FQ-arm) or FT (FT-arm) for UTI prophylaxis per physician's choice. The primary efficacy endpoint was self-reported TRUS-PB UTI. We assessed baseline factors associated with UTI with logistic regression., Results: A total of 222 men were enrolled, 141/222 (64%) received FQ, and 81/222 (36%) FT. The median age was 67.6 years [IQR, 61.4-72.1] and the Charlson score was 3 [IQR, 3-5]. The overall incidence of self-reported TRUS-PB UTI was 12% (24/197, (95%CI, 8%-17%)): 15% (17/116, (95% CI, 10%-17%)) in FQ-arm, versus 9% (7/81, 95% CI (5%-13%)) in FT-arm (RR = 0.55 (95% CI, 0.22-1.40), p-value = 0.209). No baseline characteristic was significantly associated with TRUS-PB UTI. Safety was similar between the arms: the rate of the reported adverse event was 31% (36/116, (95% CI, 25%-37%) in the FQ-arm versus 36% (28/81, (95% CI, 28%-41%)) in the FT-arm (RR = 1.17 (95% CI, 0.64-2.15), p = 0.602)., Conclusions: TRUS-PB UTI prophylaxis with FT and FQ has similar efficacy and safety. A randomized comparison of these two antibiotics is warranted., (Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Background: Proper usage of renal tumor biopsy (RTB) remains to be determined in the setting of renal tumors diagnosis, particularly in the elderly population. The aim of the study was to evaluate the perioperative and pathological results of RTB in a population of patients over 75 and to compare the performance of the procedure to their younger counterparts., Material and Methods: Systematic RTB were prospectively performed in a single center between 2009 and 2012. Patients' and tumor characteristics, operative and pathological results were collected. Data were compared between patients under and over 75 years old. Particular attention was paid to influence of RTB on treatment decision-making., Results: A total of 180 patients were included (137 patients <75 years and 43 > 75 years). Size of tumor, clinical stage, radiological aspect and RENAL score were not statistically different between patients under or over 75 years. No difference was observed between the 2 groups regarding complication rate (2.9% vs. 0%, respectively, P = 0.625). One hundred fifty-seven patients (87.2%) had a positive diagnosis at first RTB, with no difference between the 2 groups regarding histology (P = 0.942). After biopsy, only 73.1% of patients <75 years and 70.7% of patients >75 years had concordance between radiological and histological findings (P = 0.919). Treatment decision was challenged after RTB in 21.8% of patients <75 years and in 25.0% of patients >75 years., Conclusions: RTB was as safe and accurate in the eldest population, as it is in the general population, and should be performed routinely considering its influence on patient management strategy., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Bladder cancer is diagnosed more often in the elderly. The most effective treatment strategies are mostly very aggressive and are not applicable to all patients in a very heterogeneous population. However, effective options exist to treat the most vulnerable subjects. A multidisciplinary approach including a geriatric assessment is essential for optimal adaptation of treatment. The FRancilian Oncogeriatric Group (FROG) conducted a comprehensive literature search in order to review the applicable therapeutic options according to oncological and geriatric settings. International recommendations are essential to harmonize the management of elderly patients with bladder cancer.

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate morbidity, functional, and oncological outcomes after NSS in renal tumors > 7 cm., Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from 168 patients with tumors > 7 cm who were treated using NSS between 1998 and 2012., Results: Imperative and elective indications accounted for 76 (45.2%) and 92 (54.8%) patients, respectively. Major perioperative complications and renal function deterioration occurred in 33 (19.6%) and 51 patients (30.4%), respectively. In multivariate analysis, age older than 60 years (P = .001; hazard ratio [HR], 5) and tumor malignancy (P = .014; HR, 6.7) were prognostic factors for renal function deterioration whereas imperative indication was a risk factor for major postoperative complications (P = .0019; HR, 2.7). In 126 (75%) patients with malignant tumors, after a median follow-up of 30 months (range, 1-254 months), 25 patients (20.2%) died. In multivariate analysis, imperative indication (P = .023; HR, 4.2), positive surgical margin (P = .021; HR, 3.3), and Fuhrman grade > II (P = .013; HR, 3.7) were prognostic indicators for cancer-free survival (CFS). Imperative indication (P = .04; HR, 8.5) and Fuhrman grade > II (P = .04; HR, 3.9) were predictive factors of cancer-specific survival (CSS). In case of elective indication, positive surgical margin, local recurrence, and cancer-related death occurred in 4 (7.6%), 1 (1.1%), and 1 (1.1%) cases, respectively. For elective indication, 5-year estimates of CFS, CSS, and overall survival rates were: 85.7%, 98%, and 93.9%, respectively., Conclusion: In this selected population, imperative vs. elective indication status seems to play a critical role in oncologic outcomes. Oncologic results for elective indications are close to those reported with radical nephrectomy., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Papillary renal-cell carcinoma (pRCC) is unusual for its occurrence in kidneys with chronic dysfunction, for its frequent multifocality and for its common association with papillary adenoma, a benign renal lesion morphologically indistinguishable from pRCC. Concomitant development of papillary adenoma and pRCC in five transplanted kidneys, where donor and recipient characteristics are well established, provided a unique opportunity for molecular studies of de novo pRCC carcinogenesis. We aimed to study this tumor type to determine whether or not the different papillary tumors have the same origin, and whether or not papillary adenomas are precursor lesions of pRCC. We performed XY-FISH in sex-mismatched kidney transplants, and polymorphic microsatellite DNA and high-resolution melting of mitochondrial DNA analyzes in all five patients on laser-microdissected tumor cells, then compared these molecular profiles to donor and recipient profiles. This study (i) identified the recipient origin of de novo papillary adenomas and pRCCs in a kidney transplant, (ii) demonstrated an identical origin for precursor cells of papillary adenomas and pRCCs and (iii) showed additional genetic alterations in pRCCs compared to papillary adenomas. This molecular approach of papillary tumors developed in transplanted kidney identified successive steps in carcinogenesis of human de novo papillary renal-cell carcinoma., (© Copyright 2013 The American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons.)

Objectives: To identify the expression profile of early recurring non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMI-BC)., Materials and Methods: We selected primary NMI-BC according to the following criteria: complete resection, primary occurrence of urothelial cell carcinoma, stage cTa or T1, low grade, no carcinoma in situ. All patients underwent a transurethral resection of the bladder and were followed according to the Guidelines of European Association of Urology. Expression of 110 target genes was studied by using real time quantitative RT-PCR. The correlation between the absolute expression and early recurrence was analyzed by using a Cox regression model. The ability of a gene to distinguish the tumors with early recurrence from those with late recurrence was determined by using a ROC-AUC test. A hierarchical classification was established by using the software of GeneANOVA and tested by a χ(2) test., Results: Forty-seven tumors were studied: 25 with early recurrence vs. 22 with late or null recurrence. These 2 groups of tumors have a significantly different expression profile in 3 genes among the 110-gene expression profile: peroxysome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARG) (P = 0.031), stathmin-1 (STMN1) (P = 0.041), Caveolin-2 (CAV2) (P = 0.004). The combination of the expression of these 3 genes was significantly predictive for early recurrence leading to a correct hierarchical classification of the NMI-BC regarding the time-to-recurrence (P < 0.001)., Conclusions: This study identifies a concise 3-gene panel that is associated with time to recurrence. This 3-gene signature has to be confirmed in a prospective study and in larger cohort of patients. However, our preliminary results are promising and gene expression profiling seems to be an interesting approach in cTa-T1 tumors for recurrence prediction., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

After radical prostatectomy, the risk of biological recurrence at 5 years varies from 10 to 40 % and this natural evolution of the disease has led radiation therapy being proposed as a supplement to surgery. When the recurrence risk is essentially local, supplementary radiotherapy is justified in the aim of improving biological recurrence-free survival, local control, metastasis-free survival and specific and global survival, while respecting patient quality of life. Three recent studies, EORTC 22911, ARO 9602 and SWOG 8794 found a similar advantage for biological recurrence-free survival without higher major additional toxicity. However, only the SWOG 8794 study found a significant improvement for metastasis-free survival and global survival. In an adjuvant setting, the optimal moment to propose this postoperative radiotherapy remains uncertain: should it be proposed systematically to all pT3 R1 patients, running the risk of pointlessly treating patients who will never recur, or should it only be proposed at recurrence? The GETUG AFU 17 trial will provide answers to the question of the optimal moment for postoperative radiotherapy for pT3-4 R1 pN0 Nx patients with the objective of comparing an immediate treatment to a differed early treatment initiated at biological recurrence., (Copyright © 2010. Published by Elsevier SAS.)

Purpose: Study about the efficacy of salvage radiotherapy (RT), in terms of biochemical disease free survival (bDFS), according to ASTRO and Phoenix (nadir+2) definitions, for persistent or rising PSA after radical prostatectomy., Patients and Methods: Retrospective analysis of 59 patients who underwent RT between 1990 and 2003 for PSA recurrence after radical prostatectomy. Patients received a median of 66Gy to the prostate bed with 3D or 2D RT. The main end point was bDFS according to ASTRO and Phoenix (nadir+2) definitions. Different criterion sets were analysed to calculate bDFS and pretreatment factors that might predict biochemical relapse were sought for each., Results: After a 38-month median follow-up, the 3-year bDFS rates were: 60 and 72% for ASTRO and Phoenix (nadir+2 ng/ml) definitions respectively. According to univariate analysis, pre-RT PSA> or =1 ng/ml and seminal vesicle involvement were associated with biochemical relapse. Multivariate analysis retained only pre-RT PSA> or =1 ng/ml as an independent predictor of biochemical relapse for the two definitions., Conclusion: Salvage RT is an effective treatment after radical prostatectomy according to ASTRO or Phoenix definitions. Only pre-RT PSA> or =1 ng/ml predicted relapse.