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Objectives: This study investigates the prevalence and risk factors of child-to-parent violence (CPV) among university students in Tabriz. Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, 500 first-year students from Tabriz University of Medical Sciences were surveyed with questionnaires. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 16. Results: The findings revealed a concerning prevalence of controlling and psychological violence towards both mothers (48 %) and fathers (44 %). Boys demonstrated a lower likelihood of violence against their father (aOR=0.44; 95 % CI: 0.30 to 0.64) and mother (aOR=0.41; 95 % CI: 0.28 to 0.60) compared to girls. Students in the paramedical group exhibited a 54 % and 77 % lower probability of violence against their father (aOR=0.46; 95 % CI: 0.17 to 0.65) and mother (aOR=0.33; 95 % CI: 0.25 to 0.84) respectively, compared to those in the medical group. Spiritual well-being did not show a significant association with CPV towards fathers (p = 0.379) and mothers (p = 0.186). Discussion: These findings underscore the need for multi-pronged interventions. Equipping students with healthy communication skills, expanding mental health services, and implementing preventive programs targeting adolescents could be crucial in addressing CPV. For nursing practice, this research provides a basis for developing care strategies that incorporate mental health support and communication skill enhancement.

This study deals with the numerical simulation in the case of natural convection of nanofluid flow within a semi-circular enclosure for the cooling of a silicon chip. Water/MWCNT nanofluid is included in cooling fluid in the volume fraction of nanoparticles 0 ≤ φ ≤ 6%. In this numerical study, natural convection of nanofluid flow is performed inside a semi-circular enclosure for cooling of an electronic chip using the Finite Volume Method (FVM). In this study, flow is simulated for Ra = 1 × 105, 1 × 106, 1 × 107, and 1 × 108. The findings confirm that increasing the Rayleigh number leads to the augmentation of the driver of fluid vortexes. Fluid motion with a higher route length (larger attack angle) leads to the intensity of flow domain motion which this intensity is more considerable by augmenting the Rayleigh number. The enhancement of attack angle regarding enclosure leads to strong fluid circulation and better flow rotation. The highest heat transfer distribution is seen in φ = 6% which in Ra = 1 × 108, it is more sensitive compared to Ra = 1 × 105. At the flow separation regions between two vortexes, the temperature increments due to the creation of an intermediate region. As the Rayleigh number is increased, due to the augmentation of fluid circulation, flow motion intensity goes up e and the separation regions of vortexes lead to strong changes in the friction factor graphs. The highest friction factor is created where fluid motion components are with higher changes or significant effects in the instance of the boundary layer of flow representing themselves in these regions. The created difference between the two sides of the Nusselt number graphs is due to the attack angle changes. The values of velocity and temperature gradients are the factors that lead to the increase of entropy.

This paper presents numerical simulation of graphe nanoplatelet (GNP) – sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) – water nanofluid with volumetric mass fractions of ϕ equal to 0–0.1%. The new microchannel is made of 2 layers and has sinusoidal cavities along with the heat sink. The study was conducted for Re = 50, 300, 700 and 1000 (laminar flow). Based on the results, higher Re leads to more convective heat transfer coefficient. Therefore, the value of temperature gradients decreases and on the other hand the effect of cooling fluid temperature in warm areas near solid wall becomes important. Using a higher value of Re results in the penetration of heat in the fluid layer decreases which in general will reduce the temperature of the outlet section in larger Re values. Also, larger Re value results in larger development length which is also a cause for lack of thermal development and dominance of the temperature of the coolant flow in the heat sink resulting in decreased outlet section temperature for higher Reynolds numbers. For Re = 50 and 300 because of lower fluid velocity, the effect of surface geometry factors such as sinusoidal paths or hollow parts (cavities) has a smaller influence on the pressure loss or friction factor of the flow.

Summary: The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of Coxiella burnetii antibodies in small ruminants in Southeast Iran. A total of 368 small ruminant blood samples (241 caprine blood samples and 127 ovine blood samples) were collected from January to May of 2011 in Southeast Iran. A commercial ELISA test kit was employed to identify specific antibodies against C. burnetii in the sheep and goats. Seropositivity in the examined counties ranged from 17.1% to 39.2%. Of the animals tested, 97 animals (26.4%), including 43 sheep (33.9%) and 54 goats (22.4%), had antibodies to C. burnetii. The results of the current study reveal the high prevalence of antibody positivity in small ruminants in Southeast Iran. Thus, sheep and goats are important reservoirs in this area. Additionally, we performed a logistic regression to the identify risk factors for positivity and concluded that age was an important risk factor (P

The effect of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) on the structural properties of whey protein concentrate (WPC) and guar gum mixture has been investigated at pH 5. WPC (6 % w/v) and guar gum (0.25 % w/v) mixture was freeze dried after adjusting pH and treated at different pressure levels (0–600 MPa) for 0–30 min. The solubility of treated powders decreased significantly (p