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Background: Denture fracture is a common problem with acrylic dentures. The fractured denture can be repaired using various techniques such as self-cure acrylic resin acrylic resin and fiber-reinforced acrylic resin. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of dentures repaired with self-cure acrylic resin and fiber-reinforced acrylic resin processed using two different techniques (long-cure and microwave processing). Materials and methods: A total of 20 maxillary complete dentures were processed with two techniques; heat (long cycle) processing (10 dentures) and microwave processing (10 dentures). The maxillary cast and denture surface were scanned with Medit intraoral (Medit i700, Medit, South Korea) and STL files were created. Then, the dentures were sectioned at the midline and repaired using self-cure acrylic resin and fiber-reinforced acrylic resin and scanned with Medit intraoral. Finally, adaptation deviations were analyzed from computer software (Geomagic Control X, 3D Systems Inc., USA). The adaptation deviations in each group (long cure and microwave) were compared using an Independent T-test. Two-way ANOVA was done to see whether curing techniques and repairing methods affect the accuracy of repair. A P-value of 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The adaptation deviation was slightly higher in the fiber-reinforced acrylic resin group (0.565 ± 0.093) than in the self-cure acrylic resin group (0.536 ± 0.066). However, there was no statistical difference in the adaptation deviations of repaired dentures with self-cure acrylic resin and fiber-reinforced acrylic resin in the long-curing (P-value 0.245) and the microwave (P-value 0.638). Similarly, the adaptation deviation was slightly higher in the long-curing group (0.577 ± 0.075) than in the microwave group (0.524 ± 0.079). However, there was a statistically significant difference in the adaptation deviation of repaired dentures between long-curing and microwave techniques with self-cure acrylic resin (P-value 0.016) but no difference in fiber-reinforced acrylic resin (P-value 0.127). The result of Two-way ANOVA shows that there is no statistically significant interaction between curing techniques (long curing and microwave) and repairing methods (self-cure acrylic resin and fiber-reinforced acrylic resin) for adaptation deviations (P-value 0.646). However, the curing techniques show statistically significant differences (P-value 0.039). Conclusion: Acrylic dentures can be repaired with self-cure resin or fiber-reinforced self-cure resin using various processing methods. The accuracy of the denture after repair is unaffected by the repairing method (self-cure acrylic resin and fiber-reinforced acrylic resin) but the accuracy of the denture after repair is affected by the curing techniques (long-curing and microwave). In self-cure resin, the microwave processing showed higher adaptation deviation and less accuracy, whereas the long-curing processing showed lower adaptation deviation and high accuracy.

This study investigates the complexation of iodine with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) subjected to gamma irradiation at doses of 0, 10, 20, and 30 kGy. The complex formation involves I2 acting as a Lewis acid with electron-rich PVP as a Lewis base through a charge transfer mechanism. UV–visible spectroscopy revealed a red shift of the absorption peak at 337 nm for irradiated PVP-I2 samples, indicating stronger interactions between the triiodide ion (I3¯) and irradiated PVP. FTIR analysis confirmed the formation of new C≡N moieties arising from PVP-I2 complexation. The FT-Raman analysis revealed a new C≡N peak at 2360 cm−1 in irradiated PVP-I2 samples, with increasing intensity correlating to higher irradiation doses, indicating enhanced electron delocalization due to complex formation. XRD analysis showed that PVP-I2 samples irradiated at 0 and 10 kGy exhibited higher crystallinity than those irradiated at 20 and 30 kGy, suggesting that high-dose irradiation causes PVP radiolysis and ring opening. Dielectric measurements demonstrated enhanced polarizability and ionic conductivity of irradiated PVP-I2 films, related to structural disorder promoting charge dissociation and ion mobility. The direct bandgap decreased from 2.75 eV for unirradiated samples to 2.55 eV for samples irradiated at 30 kGy, indicating the creation of new optically active defect states. Urbach energy increased from 0.85 eV to 1.55 eV with increasing irradiation dose, confirming increased disorder in the PVP structure. These findings reveal that gamma irradiation significantly alters the optical and electrical properties of PVP-I2 films by creating defects and disrupting structure, offering new insights for tailoring these materials for optoelectronic applications.

Museums environment is complicated and defined by indoor air quality, thermal and lighting comfort. Artifacts deterioration is factored by extreme conditions of thermal exposure or excessive lighting. With high control required for exposed old monuments and visitor comfort, museums energy systems reach extreme levels. In this paper, we aim to find the gap in museums high energy loads and reach solutions through architectural design. The paper studies comparison results for different techniques in fifty recent case studies to identify the specific factors that matter most to museum buildings. These factors are implemented simultaneously on one base model in three climatic states by multi-objective optimization. The best option will showcase each climate optimum conditions. The paper introduces optimum architectural procedures optimizing sDA and ASE to minimum 70% and maximum 10% respectively while decreasing thermal load. The results help architects and policy makers achieve daylighting and energy optimization in museums through architecture.

The current study was aimed to investigate the ethno-pharmacology, diversity, biological potentials of different mushrooms species from District Swabi, Pakistan. Ethno-pharmacological data was collected from 73 respondents based on interview, group discussion and field visits. Quantitative analysis such as informant consent factor (ICF), Use value (UV), Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC) were done. Morphological identification of mushrooms, extract preparation, phytochemical screening and statistical analysis of data was conducted. Phytochemical analysis of six mushroom species revealed that saponins, alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids and phenols were present in six selected mushrooms, while tannin and steroids (−) present in Agaricus arvensis. In Morchella conica only steroids (−) was absent, Qunion (−) in Polyporus tuberaster, Pleurotus ostreatus and Omphalotus olearius were found absent. Moisture contents (10.17 ± 1.27) and crude fats (5.26 ± 1.50) present in Omphalotus olearius. Highest content of crude fibers (26.57 ± 0.86) and carbohydrates (62.18 ± 0.73) were found in Pleurotus ostreatus. Highest ash contents (12.62 ± 0.46) were reported in Polyporus tuberaster. The respondents’ consensus factor values ranged from 1.66 to 61.74 in which highest ICF value was 61.74 while the lowest was 1.66. The high RFC was recorded for Agaricus (0.67) while lowest RFC was observed in Clitocybe frondasa (0.05). The results of analgesic activity were compared to the diclofenac (Standard drug). The extracts of aqueous and methanolic extract were most active at the level of (400 mg/kg). As antipyretic agents, methanolic and aqueous extracts of Agaricus species were analyzed for anti-inflammatory activity compare to diclofenac (Standard drug) where the aqueous (200 mg/kg) and methanolic (400 mg/kg) were found to be very active. Finally, mushrooms with high (ICF and UV) were further investigated for phytochemicals and pharmacological analysis which revealed significant biological potentials. This provides basic ground information which can be used to explore novel mushroom-based medicines for the treatment of various diseases. The commercial cultivation of mushrooms represents a promising opportunity to leverage their diverse health benefits and nutritional properties. By prioritizing research and cultivation methods while educating the public, the potential of mushrooms as vital components of both nutrition and medicine can be significantly realized, impacting health outcomes and contributing to sustainable agricultural practices.

A variety of highly potent derivatives of 2-pyrazoline-5-one, including chromene-3-carbohydrazide 2, 2-thioxothiazole-5-carbohydrazide 3, 2-oxopyridine-3-carbonitriles (4–6), 3-aryl-2-cyanoacrylohydrazide (7, 8), and 3-amino-5-arylpyrazole-4-carbohydrazide (9, 10), were synthesized as pesticide agents using acetohydrazide 1, a versatile and easily obtainable compound. The compounds structures were entirely ascertained utilizing different spectroscopic methods, including Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and analysis of elements. In the laboratory, we assessed the impact of nine 2-pyrazoline-5-one derivatives on the fourth larval stage of the cotton leaf worm (Spodoptera littorals), Monacha obstructa, and Tetranychus urticae adults. We used abamectin as the reference compound. The LC50 values of compound 3 for S. littorals, M. obstructa, and T. urticae are 0.90, 0.70, and 0.52 mg a.i./L, respectively. The LC50 values for the same compound for S. littorals, M. obstructa, and T. urticae are 0.80, 0.60, and 0.45 mg a.i./L, respectively. Therefore, it is a remarkably potent compound. Compound 6 exhibited lower levels of danger, as indicated by LC50 values of 1.94, 1.90, and 1.83 mg a.i./L against the three tested pests. Ten days after treatment, all three pests were moderately toxic to the remaining 2-pyrazolin-5-one derivatives, 1, 2, 4, 5, and 7–10. Conversely, the mortality rate of the tested compounds increased when the treated individuals were exposed to high concentrations. These 2-pyrazolin-5-one derivatives are suggested as suitable alternatives and foundational structures for developing novel insecticides.

Microplastics have emerged as pervasive contaminants, and determining their occurrence in aquafeed is key for evaluating their risks to farmed animals and, by extension, humans. However, knowledge about microplastic in aquafeed is still limited. Herein, we determined microplastic characteristics in aquafeed for five important aquaculture animals with different feeding habits. Aquafeed samples were collected for spotted sea bass, shrimp, grass carp, Tilapia, and frogs from main companies in China. The samples were digested using chemical digestion, and the residuals were subjected to a density separation. Microplastics were identified under the microscope and characterized by their shape, color, size, and polymer type. The results showed that microplastics are highly abundant in the feed of frogs, followed by spotted sea bass, Tilapia, grass carp, and shrimp. We found that feed size contributes to the total microplastic abundance in the feed. Further, microplastics were mainly in microfiber form, and the dominant polymer type was propylene, suggesting that packaging and processing are the main sources of pollution. Additionally, the most abundant size of microplastics was 100–1000 μm. Calculating microplastic ingestion risk, the spotted sea bass had the greatest recorded risk of microplastic ingestion, followed by grass carp, frogs, Tilapia, and shrimp. This study lays a foundational step toward understanding microplastic effects on aquaculture animals and calls for further environmentally relevant laboratory experiments to assess the risk of microplastic ingestion on animals and potential transfer to humans.

The storage mechanisms of solid-solid supercapacitors based on graphene oxide (rGO/GO/rGO) were explored by Zhang Q et al. (Zhang et al., 2014) [1], using Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) to elucidate the unusual capacitive behavior of GO sandwich films. Their study revealed alternating charged layers without diffusion zones. Analysis of complex impedance (Z*) data, ranging from 10−3 to 3.106 Hz, was conducted using an equivalent circuit, though this was limited to Nyquist plot data.To further investigate charge storage mechanisms, the current study delved deeper into complex impedance (Z*) and conductivity (σ*). A theoretical approach identified relaxation processes in the imaginary parts of (Z″) and (σ'') across frequencies. Extrapolation up to 3.10^9 Hz and deconvolution confirmed three distinct relaxation processes in Z* and σ*, similar to Cole-Cole relaxation, which describes Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars (MWS) relaxation. This reflects local electrical interactions between active sites on molecular chains and counterions, creating induced dipolar moments or diffusion processes.The identified relaxations at low, medium, and high frequencies correspond well with DFT results, attributed to specific regions: graphene oxide (GO), the (rGO/GO) interface, and reduced graphene (rGO). Key parameters extracted from each relaxation, such as relaxation time, ionic strength, and conductivity values at different frequencies, showed good correlation. This approach, based on deep conductivity (σ*) analysis, effectively highlighted the charge conduction and storage mechanisms in rGO/GO/rGO supercapacitor films.

Background & objectives: Rigid ring and Flexible band are techniques used to repair tricuspid valve regurgitation. The comparison between both techniques' effectiveness is controversial in the literature. We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the safety and efficacy of rigid ring versus flexible band for tricuspid valve repair in patients with tricuspid valve regurgitation. Methods: We conducted a PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis. A systematic search was performed in major databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane CENTRAL to identify relevant published studies. Data were extracted and analyzed using Stata (version 17 for Mac) and Revman (version 5.4 for Windows). Results: Twelve studies were included in this meta-analysis. Total number of patients was 4259. The rigid ring wasn't superior to the flexible band in terms of postoperative tricuspid regurgitation RR 0.74, 95 % CI (0.43–1.27) (P = 0.29). However, the results were not homogeneous. After employing sensitivity analysis, the significance of the pooled effect estimate didn't change, showing no significant difference between the two annuloplasty RR 0.72, 95%CI (0.45–1.15). On the other hand, the rigid ring was associated with a higher bypass time than the flexible band (RR 4.85, P = 0.00). There were no differences between the two groups in terms of hospital stay, ICU stays, prolonged ventilation, mechanical ventilation time, annuloplasty size, stroke, concomitant mitral valve surgery, concomitant aortic valve surgery, atrial fibrillation, pacemaker implantation, low cardiac output, in-hospital death, or late death (all P > 0.05). Conclusion: Our study findings suggested no difference between rigid ring compared to flexible band regarding the rates of postoperative tricuspid regurgitation; however, rigid ring may encompass a higher bypass time. Therefore, further research is required to ensure our findings.

Cerebral melanoma is often related to a secondary location of a cutaneous or mucosal melanoma. However, primary cerebral melanoma is a very rare clinical situation, representing less than 1% of all melanomas and 0.07% of all cerebral tumors. The diagnosis of a primary cerebral melanoma therefore requires rigorous clinical and paraclinical investigations. We report a case of primary cerebral melanoma treated in our onco-radiotherapy department.

Antimicrobial resistance has emerged as a significant threat to global health, with the World Health Organization (WHO) classifying it among the top 10 public health threats. However, more epidemiological information is needed to support policy and stewardship programs. This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial resistance profiles of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus spp. isolated from locally produced and imported fish sold in markets in the Mfoundi Division of the Centre Region of Cameroon. A total of 11 E . coli and 28 Staphylococcus spp. strains were isolated from the 100 fish samples collected in the study area. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed for 16 antimicrobial agents using the disk diffusion method. Overall, multidrug resistance rates of 54.54% (95% confidence interval: 26.9–82.1) and 60.7% (95% confidence interval: 43.7–77.7) were obtained for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus spp., respectively. The prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant E . coli and Staphylococcus spp. strains was significantly (p

Objectives: To enhance the utilization of reclaimed land, Sanyeqing (SYQ) has been extensively cultivated in Zhejiang province, China. However, the prevalence of anthracnose has significantly hindered SYQ growth, emerging as a primary obstacle to its production. This study aimed to elucidate SYQ's responses to anthracnose in reclaimed land environments by comprehensively analyzing root-zone bacterial community structure, metabolites, and soil properties. Methods: The experiment was conducted on reclaimed land in Chun'an, China. In order to evaluate the responses of SYQ to anthracnose, the fresh and dry weight of SYQ tubes, the soil properties, the high-throughput sequencing, and metabolomics assay were carried out. Results: Significant differences were observed between an anthracnose-resistant variety (A201714) and an anthracnose-susceptibile variety (B201301). Fresh and dry weight increased 131.53 % and 144.82 % for A201714 compared to B201301.Lacibacterium (39.85 %), Gp6 (21.83 %), Gp5 (21.49 %), and Sphingomonas (18.84 %) were more prevalent, whereas Gp3 (22.71 %), WPS-1 (18.88 %), Gp4 (15.60 %), Subdivision3 (14.70 %), Chryseolinea (14.37 %), and Nitrospira (0.76 %) were less prevalent in A201714 than B201301. A total of 24 bacterial biomarkers were detected in all soil samples, while the network suggests a more stable soil bacterial community in A201714 than in B201301. Eight differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) that belonged to lipids and lipid-like molecules, organic acids and derivatives, benzenoids, nucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues were found between two soil samples, and all these eight DEMs were downregulated in A201714 and had a strong correlation with 12 genera of bacteria. Moreover, the data from the redundancy analysis indicated that the main variables affecting changes in the bacterial communities were pH, available phosphorus (AP), available potassium (AK), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN). Conclusion: This research offers new insights into the SYQ response to anthracnose in reclaimed land and provides valuable recommendations for the high-quality SYQ cultivation and production.

A novel, highly sensitive, and cost-effective biosensor for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) detection has been developed using bioengineered nanotechnology. This biosensor integrates a Fe(III)-Gallic acid metal organic framework (Fe-GA MOF) embedded in a carboxymethyl cellulose polymer thin film, coupled with a PSA monoclonal antibody for capture. The resulting sensor demonstrates exceptional performance in detecting PSA levels within a wide concentration range (0.1–170 ng/mL), with a remarkable limit of detection of 0.06 ng/mL. This advanced technology surpasses conventional methods by providing enhanced sensitivity, stability, and reduced interference. The biosensor holds immense potential for early prostate cancer diagnosis, monitoring treatment response, and detecting recurrence. Moreover, its applicability may extend to other cancers characterized by elevated PSA levels, ultimately improving patient outcomes through timely intervention and optimized care.

Using porous media is an efficient technique aimed at enhancing heat transfer in engineering systems. Replacing conventional fluids by ferrofluids and applying external magnetic fields through magnets is another method for heat transfer control. In this regard, understanding the behavior of ferrofluids through porous media in the presence of magnets is important. The present study aims at providing a thorough analysis of the properties of heat transfer resulting from the combination of buoyancy driven convection and thermomagnetic convection in a porous enclosure. The equations governing the two types of convection in the fluid as well as the conduction in the solid matrix are presented in the dimensionless form and solved numerically. The control volume finite element method has been used to solve the governing equations. The influence of various parameters such as the magnetic Rayleigh number, the porosity, Darcy number, and the interfacial heat transfer coefficient on the flow and temperature contours and on the Nusselt number is then investigated. For low interface coefficient, the heat transfer in the fluid is enhanced when the overall porosity in the cavity is raised, while for high coefficients, the porosity of the bottom porous layer is the main parameter affecting the heat transfer.

Work-life balance has gained increasing popularity among scholars and practitioners since the beginning of the century. Despite significant attempts to consolidate this burgeoning field, the scholarly knowledge on work-life balance research remains fragmented and detached due to extant number of publications in the area and the mostly subjective approaches used to encapsulate the literature. As such, the current study presents an objective overview of work-life balance research between 2000 and 2020. Using bibliometric techniques, the authors examined 1190 articles indexed in Scopus database to identify the conceptual structure and current dynamics in the field. During the critical period between the reconceptualization of word-life balance and the emergence of COVID-19 pandemic, the findings reveal that the field was growing exponentially as a multidisciplinary research area. Most of the scholarly work originated in the US, UK, and Australia with a ''locally-centralized-globally-discrete'' collaboration pattern among scholars. The most relevant and developed research themes included, in addition to work-life balance, topics related to gender and family life. Furthermore, new emerging research directions had evolved beyond the traditional constructs including job security, flexible working hours, individual productivity, and work-life conflicts. The study contributes to the current knowledge on work-life balance by providing critical insights into the evolution of the field and offers potential avenues for scholars who are interested in this critical research domain and the changes it has experienced post pandemic.

Structural cracks are the major cause of structural failure and significantly impact their strength and durability. Bacterial self-healing concrete as a sustainable structural Smart material offers potential advantages by autonomously repairing cracks, reducing repair costs, and eliminating human intervention. Most self-healing concrete bacteria have optimal growth temperatures around 25–37°C. Their metabolic activity can decline at higher temperatures, potentially affecting their ability to produce calcium carbonate and heal cracks. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of heat-resistant bacteria strains in self-healing concrete under high temperatures. The study examined the impact of temperature, bacteria type, and content on self-healing concrete properties at four different temperatures: room temperature, 60°C, 120°C, and 200°C. Several tests were performed to test the effectiveness of the bacteria strains, including compressive strength tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). This study showed significant improvement in the mechanical strength of the concrete, particularly at 60°C by 91.2% for compressive strength and 95.95% for indirect tensile strength. The SEM and EDS tests also revealed the presence of calcium carbonate, which suggests that the bacteria were actively involved in the self-healing process. However, as the temperature increased to 200°C, there was a noticeable decrease in strength compared to 60°C, but the compressive strength at room temperature remained higher, indicating that heat-resistant strains of bacteria may not be effective at higher temperatures.

In order to explore new acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibitors, a series of benzimidazole-fused-thiazole bearing Schiff base derivatives (1–16) were designed and synthesized and further their precise structures were elucidated using various spectroscopic tools including 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HREI-MS. All the synthesized derivatives demonstrated better acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibitory potential with IC50 values ranging from 0.10 ± 0.10 µM to 11.60 ± 0.40 µM (against AChE) and 0.90 ± 0.10 µM to 22.10 ± 0.60 µM (BuChE) when the results were compared with Donepezil (IC50 = 2.16 ± 0.12 µM (against AChE) & 4.5 ± 0.11 µM (against BuChE) as standard inhibitor. Specifically, the analogues 4, 5, 11, 14 and 15 were identified to be significant potent, even more active than standard drug having IC50 values of 0.80 ± 0.10, 0.50 ± 0.10, 0.60 ± 0.10, 0.10 ± 0.10, 0.10 ± 0.10 µM (against AChE) and 2.40 ± 0.10, 1.10 ± 0.10, 1.30 ± 0.10, 0.90 ± 0.10 & 0.80 ± 0.10 µM (against BuChE) respectively. The structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies were carried out for all synthesized derivatives based on substitution pattern around aryl ring. Furthermore, the molecular docking approach was developed to explore the binding mode of interactions between most active scaffolds and active sites of targeted acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase enzymes.

Background: Multisectoral collaboration is crucial in effectively managing public health emergencies. The One Health approach, which emphasizes the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health, has gained recognition as an effective strategy. This study analysis the factors influencing the implementation of the One Health approach in Cameroon and examines its effects on public health emergency management. Method: A survey was conducted among 44 stakeholders from key sectors involved in implementing the “One Health approach” in Cameroon. Data were collected with a structured questionnaire using a self-administered approach. Statistical analysis using the Ki Square test was conducted to identify associations between variables. Results: The findings revealed that stakeholders in Cameroon lacked prior training on the One Health approach, primarily due to its absence in their academic programs. However, ad hoc trainings during public health emergencies were effective in involving various sectors. Limited communication and collaboration between different sectors, often operating in silos, posed significant challenges. Stakeholders with previous collaborative experiences and existing relationships demonstrated a greater propensity for multisectoral collaboration. The involvement of environmental health professionals in collaboration activities was limited, highlighting the need for improved engagement. Strong leadership, supported by coordination structures and platforms, played a critical role in facilitating collaboration during public health emergencies. Communication channels, such as regular multisectoral meetings, were essential in fostering relationships and trust among stakeholders. However, financial constraints hindered cross-sector cooperation. Conclusion: To enhance multisectoral collaboration in public health emergency management, there is a need to prioritize training on the One Health approach and promote cross-sector communication and collaboration. Strengthening coordination structures and platforms, improving resource allocation, and fostering a culture of accountability and trust are crucial for effective implementation. This study provides insights into the challenges and opportunities in implementing the One Health approach in Cameroon and offers valuable lessons for other countries seeking to enhance their multisectoral response to public health emergencies.

The urgent need to shift to renewable energy is highlighted by rising global energy use and environmental issues like global warming from fossil fuel dependency. Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) stand out as a promising option, providing high efficiency and potential for cost-effective production. This study delves into the environmental concerns and viable solutions linked with metal-halide PSCs (M-PSCs) and carbon-based electrode PCSs (C–PSCs). It showcases the swift progress in PSC technology, highlighting its potential to deliver efficient and economical renewable energy options. Yet, the environmental implications of these technologies, especially the utilization of toxic lead (Pb) in M-PSCs and the issues of stability and degradation in C–PSCs, represent considerable hurdles for their broad application and sustainability. The paper details the recent advances in PSCs, focusing on enhancements in device efficiency and stability through innovative material combinations and device designs. Nonetheless, the environmental hazards linked to the dispersal of toxic substances from compromised or deteriorating PSCs into the ecosystem raise significant concerns. In particular, the risk of Pb from M-PSCs contaminating soil and aquatic ecosystems is a pressing issue for human and environmental health, spurring investigations into alternative materials and methods to diminish these impacts. The authors examine several strategies, including the introduction of Pb-free perovskites, encapsulation methods to block the escape of hazardous substances, and the recycling of PSC elements. The study stresses the necessity of aligning technological innovations with considerations for the environment and health, calling for ongoing research into PSC technologies that are sustainable and safe. This review highlights the need for detailed assessments of PSC technologies, focusing on their renewable energy contributions, environmental impacts, and strategies to mitigate these effects. The authors call for a cohesive strategy to develop PSCs that are efficient, cost-effective, eco-friendly, and safe for widespread use.

Background: Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are utilized as a starter culture in the manufacturing of fermented dairy items, as a preservative for various food products, and as a probiotic. In our country, some research has been carried out, even if LAB plays a principal role in food preservation and improves the texture and taste of fermented foods, that is why we tried to evaluate their probiotic effect. The objective of this research was to determine the antibacterial activity of Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis) against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) ATCC 29213, investigate their antioxidant activity, and characterize their sensitivity against 18 antibiotics. Methods: A total of 23 LAB (L. lactis subsp. cremoris, L. lactis subsp. Lactis diacetylactis, L. lactis subsp. lactis) were isolated from cow's raw milk. The antibacterial activity was performed using two techniques, competition for nutrients and a technique utilizing components nature, using the disk diffusion method. The sensitivity of the studied LAB to different antibiotics was tested on Man rogosa sharp (MRS) agar using commercial antibiotic disks. All strains of LAB were examined for their antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activity of L. lactis was tested by 2,2-diphenyl-1 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Results: The results showed that the MRS medium was more adapted than Muller Hinton Agar (MHA) to investigate the antibacterial activity of L. lactis against S. aureus ATCC 29213. Also, L. lactis exhibited a notable degree of antibacterial activity against S. aureus ATCC 29213. L. Lactis subsp. Lactis displayed higher antibacterial activities, followed by L. lactis ssp. lactis biovar. diacetylactis, and lastly, L. lactis ssp. cremoris against S. aureus ATCC 29213. Lc 26 among all strains of L. lactis showed a high potential antibacterial activity reaching 40 ± 3 mm against S. aureus ATCC 29213. All strains of L. lactis showed a slightly moderate antioxidant activity (10.56 ± 1.28%-26.29 ± 0.05 %). The results of the antibiotic resistance test indicate that all strains of L. lactis were resistant to cefotaxime, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and streptomycin and were sensitive to Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Penicillin G, Teicoplanin, Vancomycin, Gentamicin 500, Tetracycline, and Chloramphenicol. These test results indicate that this strain falls within the criteria of not posing any harmful effects on human health. The important antibacterial properties recorded for all L. Lactis strains were derived from the production of antibacterial active metabolites, such as protein, diacetyl, hydrogen peroxide, and lactic acid, together with the fight for nutrients. Conclusion: This study suggests that the strains of L. lactis could be added as an antibacterial agent against S. aureus ATCC 29213 and can provide an important nutritional property for their antioxidant potential.

Blockchain technology has recently enhanced energy trading by providing a new low-cost, secure, and decentralized transaction mechanism. This paper proposes a new methodology for applying blockchain in energy trading for a hybrid microgrid. The proposed methodology accounts for droop-based hybrid microgrids. The active power droop for both AC and DC sub-grids are used to reflect the suppliers bidding. A bidding strategy is implemented to minimize the generation cost and therefore maximizes the social welfare. On the other hand, the reactive power droop for the AC sub-grids is utilized to minimize the power loss on the microgrid through bus voltage support. Further, the paper presents a power losses allocation approach for precisely allocating system losses to each node. A case study with many transactions is conducted. The results demonstrate the suggested framework’s efficacy in maximizing social welfare while minimizing system losses.

Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers in men, and is often diagnosed at the metastatic stage. It often leads to lung, bone, brain, liver, and adrenal metastases. However, unusual secondary locations are possible, such as skin metastases, which are often associated with a poor prognosis. We report a case of lung cancer revealed by a subcutaneous mass on the forehead.

A median nerve schwannoma is an uncommon type of tumor that develops from Schwann cells in the peripheral nerves. We present a case report of a young prisoner with a rare median nerve schwannoma presenting as a swelling on the anterior aspect of the right wrist along the radial edge, with associated paresthesia and a positive Tinel's sign. The case was diagnosed using MRI which showed the target sign of biphasic contrast enhancement in both the mass's center and periphery as well as distinct encapsulation. The mass was managed with surgical excision which confirmed the mass to be a neurilemmoma. The radiological finding for neurinomas are not specific and the diagnosis cannot be established unless an excision is made, as neurinomas share common radiological signs with other peripheral nerve tumors and vascular tumors. This case highlights the importance of considering nerve sheath tumors, however rare, in the differential diagnosis of wrist masses, even in young patients with no history of trauma.

Background: Cross-leg (CL) flap procedures have a long history in reconstructive surgery, having been described for the first time in 1854. The application of these flaps can potentially solve many reconstructive issues with satisfactory outcomes. Patients and methods: During our research into the history and development of CL flaps, we identified a variety of flaps for which a classification system can be proposed based on blood supply and flap modifications. In this study, 10 patients with different complaints were managed using posterior tibial artery (PTA) perforator CL flap and superiorly based sural CL flap with satisfactory outcomes. Results: All flaps survived and healed smoothly; consequently, the flaps provided stable coverage, and the donor sites were reconstructed using skin grafts, which provided satisfactory results to the patients and/or their guardians. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first study to propose a simple classification and group different types of flaps mentioned in the literature under one category. CL flaps are a common reconstructive option for patients with injuries that limit their mobility.

The ergosterol from mushrooms has gained significant ethnopharmacological importance in various cultures, including China, Japan, and Europe. This compound has been found to possess immune-boosting and anti-inflammatory properties, making it useful in the treatment of immune disorders. In this study, we focused on investigating the potential anticancer properties of ergosterol isolated from the edible mushroom Leucocalocybe mongolica in breast cancer cell lines. The ergosterol was purified and identified using advanced analytical techniques such as ESI-MS and NMR. We conducted cell proliferation assays on 4 T1 breast cancer cells to assess the cytotoxic effects of ergosterol. Furthermore, we analyzed the transcription levels of BAX, caspase-7, BCL-2, STAT-3, and PARP proteins using real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. Additionally, we employed non-targeted ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) to study the potential mechanisms underlying the anticancer effects of ergosterol at the metabolomics level. The results demonstrated a significant reduction in cell viability and the induction of apoptosis upon treatment with ergosterol, especially at higher concentrations (P

The effects of nitrite stress on blood biochemistry, antioxidant capacity, and apoptosis of spotted seabass (Lateolabrax maculatus) under high-temperature conditions were investigated. Fish were subjected to varying levels of nitrite concentrations for 28 days, specifically 0, 8, and 16 mg/L. Blood and gill samples were collected at the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th of the exposure for index determination, respectively. Results showed that as the concentration of nitrite increased, blood hemoglobin (Hb) and serum chloride ion (Cl-) levels decreased. In addition, compared to the control group, methemoglobin (MetHb), hematocrit (HCT), red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and serum potassium ion (K+) were significantly increased in the nitrite-stressed group. In terms of antioxidants, catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in the gill were significantly decreased with increasing nitrite concentration. Additionally, malondialdehyde (MDA) content was significantly increased with increasing nitrite concentration. Regarding genes related to apoptosis, as nitrite concentration increased, the expressions of hypoxia-inducible factor (Hif-1α) and cytochrome C (Cyt-c) genes in the gill were significantly up-regulated on the 1st and 3rd day of exposure. The expressions of P53, Bax, Caspase-3, Caspase-8, and Caspase-9 genes in the gill were significantly up-regulated in stress groups at different exposure time intervals compared to the control group. In summary, nitrite caused disruption in the balance of blood ions, decreased antioxidant capacity in the gills, increased expression of genes associated with apoptosis, ultimately resulting in gill injury in the spotted seabass.

Sustainable energy solutions are paramount in the urgent global drive against climate change, especially in transportation. This research focuses on second-generation biogasolines and their potential in the context of decarbonisation. Two biogasolines, 99 RON E20 and 95 RON E20, were rigorously tested in a downsized single-cylinder engine. Their performance, combustion, and emissions were compared against the conventional fossil fuel, 95 RON E10, under varying engine loads. Additionally, a comprehensive injection parameter sweep was conducted for both biofuels at low and high loads, shedding light on their unique operational characteristics and operational regimes. This research significantly enhances our knowledge about the potential of these new biofuels and their implications for a more sustainable energy future. The findings of the experiments demonstrate no substantial difference between the tested biofuels and fossil fuels. Biofuel with a higher octane number provides more knock resistance than fossil fuel, resulting in increased thermal efficiency due to spark advance ability. However, more significant hydrocarbon emissions were detected for biofuels than fossil fuels due to more extensive aromatic content. Both biofuels have stable combustion in low and high-load operations under varying injection pressures and injection start times. 99 Bio E20 has a wider operational range than 95 Bio E20. However, due to very high HC emissions, especially at high-load operations, an early injection start with more significant injection pressure is not recommended for biofuel. From a broader perspective, both biofuels exhibit the promising potential to serve as drop-in replacements in spark ignition engines.

The use of antibiotics in food animals and the nonobservance of the withdrawal period might result in the accumulation and persistence of residues in foods. The contamination of foods by antibiotic residues might induce health risks including allergy, gastrointestinal dysbiosis, antimicrobial resistance, and cancer to consumers. Therefore, this study was initiated to investigate the presence of antibiotic residues in raw eggs, raw milk, and beef collected at the wholesale and retail points in the three major cities of Cameroon and consumers’ perceptions of the risk of antibiotic residues in foods. Qualitative antibiotic residue kits (PremiTest® and Delvotest®) were used to screen 407 samples of foods collected in markets of three towns (Ngaoundéré, Yaoundé, and Douala) in Cameroon. A structured questionnaire was used to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of 1462 consumers toward microbial drug residues in foods of animal origin. Prevalence of residues of 70.55%, 17.39%, and 69.63% for beef, eggs, and milk, respectively, was observed. More than 1/3 of the respondents believed that the consumption of contaminated foods with antibiotic residues is a risk to their health and thought that allergies and intoxication they often experience are related to the consumption of contaminated foods. Most of them showed their willingness to pay more to acquire quality foods, free from antibiotic residues.

The flash combustion method was used to prepare LiF-doped TiO2 photocatalysts materials using glycine or urea as a fuel with different weight percentage of LiF. The synthesized powders have been characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TG), scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy dispersive spectrometer (EDX) analyzer, the specific surface area measurement was performed by BET. The crystallization and the phase transformation anatase-rutile for the powders have been verified by XRD. SEM micrographs for these powders shows the presence of nanoparticles. To investigate the optical band gap of the synthesized samples, UV–Vis spectroscopy was conducted using the diffuse reflectance mode (DRS). The O2−/F− substitution and the presence of Ti3+ centers was confirmed by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis. The photocatalytic activity of the TiO2-xLiF powders were evaluated through the photocatalytic degradation of Methylene blue (MB) in water under UV–visible light exposure. The results indicated that during the flash combustion synthesis, the nature of the fuel and the percentage of the doping element led to the presence of different polymorphs of TiO2 which influences the photocatalytic efficiency attributed to the synergistic effect between the two phases (anatase and rutile). The LiF-doped TiO2 powders synthesized by flash combustion in both cases (by using glycine or urea) showed high performance in MB degradation compared to commercial TiO2 and undoped synthesized TiO2 powders, with an optimal degradation of 99 % achieved with 2 wt % LiF-doped TiO2 using glycine as a fuel and after 6 h of UV–Vis irradiation.

This study delved into the impact of gamma irradiation on the chemical composition and antibacterial activity of Moroccan Lavandula dentata L., essential oil, which was obtained through the hydrodistillation method from the dried aerial parts of the plant. The principal components identified in the oil were 1,8-cineole, camphor, and borneol. Our investigation centered on examining the consequences of subjecting the essential oil to gamma radiation at doses of 5 kGy and 10 kGy, with a particular focus on alterations in its chemical composition and antibacterial properties. Our primary objectives encompassed the assessment of how gamma irradiation influences the chemical composition of the essential oil and the evaluation of its antibacterial potential against Escherichia coli ATCC and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC. The essential oil underwent in-depth analysis through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results of two distinct gamma irradiation doses were comprehensively analyzed, and the antibacterial activity was rigorously tested against carefully selected bacterial strains. Subsequent to gamma irradiation, the essential oil exhibited an increased concentration of oxygenated monoterpenes and demonstrated heightened inhibitory effects against E. coli ATCC, a Gram-negative bacterium. The study's outcomes underscore the positive influence of gamma irradiation on the chemical composition and antibacterial activity of Moroccan Lavandula dentata L., essential oil. This innovative technology not only augments the variety of chemical constituents within essential oils but also enhances their overall quality while concurrently mitigating the risk of contamination, whether physical, chemical, or microbiological in nature. Consequently, it elevates the potential and biological impact of plant-based products. These findings advocate for further research aimed at identifying the optimal irradiation dosages and their effects on various plant-based products, underscoring the considerable potential of gamma irradiation technology in producing premium, biologically active plant-based goods.

Hemangiomas in the gastrointestinal tract are extremely rare, benign vascular tumors, known for their associated complication of bleeding. They are usually difficult to diagnose, despite the characteristic definition of radiolucent phleboliths on radiology and purplish, tannish brown nodule or polyp on endoscopy. Surgical resection is the treatment of choice. We describe a rare case of sigmoid colon cavernous hemangioma in a 49-year-old male who underwent colonoscopy for lower abdominal pain and revealed a large pedunculated polyp in the sigmoid colon measuring 1.7 cm in diameter. The hemangioma was completely resected endoscopically via hot snare with a favorable outcome.

Plasmacytoma of the skull base is a rare entity. We present a case of sphenoid plasmacytoma in a 51‐year‐old woman who had nasal obstruction, intermittent epistaxis, headaches, decreasing visual acuity, and diplopia. Computed Tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a large heterogeneous, expansile lesion measuring 75 mm × 54 mm, centered on the sphenoidal bone and the clivus. Biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of solitary plasmacytoma after ruling out systemic spread by the initial assessment. The patient was successfully managed by external beam radiotherapy and a complete response was obtained after 12 months of follow-up.

Mediastinal Seminoma is one of the malignant germ cell tumors of the mediastinum. It is a rare tumor that represents only 1%-4% of mediastinal tumors. We report the case of a patient treated at the Oncology Center of Oujda for a pure primitive seminoma of the mediastinum, with a review of the literature to assess the epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic, and prognostic characteristics of this pathology. This is a 25-year-old man whose aunt is being treated for breast cancer and who complained of persistent dry cough with asthenia without any other associated signs. The initial imaging revealed a voluminous locally advanced tumor process in the anterior and middle mediastinum. Tumor markers Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and beta-subunit of chorionic gonadotrophic hormone (BHCG) were normal, as well as testicular ultrasound. The CT- guided transthoracic biopsy with anatomopathological study and immunohistochemistry was in favor of a pure seminoma. The treatment consisted of primary chemotherapy with BEP protocol. The response was favorable with a significant reduction in tumor size estimated at 90%. The residual tumor was inoperable due to its intimate contact with the vascular structures and was treated with external radiotherapy at a total dose of 36 Gy. The evolution at 20 months after treatment was in favor of a good clinical and radiological evolution.

ABSTRACT: Purpose: This study was designed to investigate the effect of intramarrow penetration (IMP) and 1% melatonin (MLN) gel on the remodelling process of autogenous bone graft (ABG) in an induced 1–osseous wall defect model. Methods: Sixty-four intrabony induced mandibular defects were created on the distal side of premolars—P1, P2, P3, and P4 (on each side)—in 8 beagle dogs. A ligature-induced periodontitis was initiated in each defect. Defects were then divided into 4 equal groups. Group I was treated with open-flap debridement (OFD) alone, group II was treated with OFD/ABG, group III was treated with OFD/IMP/ABG, and group IV was treated with OFD/ABG/IMP/1% MLN gel. The study parameters were bone fill, histologic analysis, and immunohistochemical evaluation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression at 2-week (2W) and 8-week (8W) time intervals. Results: At 8W, significant differences were revealed amongst all groups regarding the amount of bone fill and eNOS expressions (P < .001). Bone fill percentages were 55.5%, 22.3%, 16.8%, and 0% in groups IV, III, II, and I, respectively. eNOS expressions were 1.68 ± 0.06, 8.43 ± 0.04, 16.80 ± 0.17, and 1.97 ± 0.07 in groups IV, III, II, and I, respectively. The favourable results were in line with group IV. Conclusions: According to these preliminary results, defects treated by ABG augmented with IMP and 1% MLN gel revealed a greater amount of bone fill and reduced eNOS expression. This combination is therefore highly suggested as an adjunct to ABG.

Objectives: To explore the burden of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Somalia by measuring the seroprevalence of antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the general population. Methods: We recruited a convenience sample of 2751 participants from among individuals attending outpatient and inpatient departments of public health facilities, or their accompanying family members. Participants were interviewed to collect sociodemographic data and provided a blood sample. We calculated seropositivity rates overall and by sex, age group, state, residence, education and marital status. We used logistic regression analysis – odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) – to investigate sociodemographic correlates of seropositivity. Results: The overall seropositivity rate was 56.4% (95% CI 54.5–58.3%), while 8.8% of participants reported being previously diagnosed with COVID-19 by July 2021. In the regression analysis, after controlling for covariates, urban residence was significantly asscoiated with seropositivity: OR = 1.74 (95% CI: 1.19–2.55). Conclusions: Our results show a high seroprevalence rate of SARS-CoV-2 in the Somali population (56.4%), and indicate that many infections have not been captured by the country’s surveillance system resulting in considerable under-reporting.

Introduction: Pulmonary pneumatoceles are thin-walled, air-filled cysts within the lung parenchyma that may present in large sizes and occupy the entire lung field. The may or may not cause symptoms. Case presentation: We report a case of a 4-year-old who presented with fever and cough. Chest X-rays and CT scans revealed a very large airspace in the right lung field measuring 7 × 13 cm, containing several thin septations in its lower area, and surrounded by a thin wall. The right upper lobe was entirely collapsed, while the right lower lobe was partially collapsed. The characteristic radiologic findings supported by the clinical picture led to the diagnosis of a post-pneumonic pneumatocele. Antibiotics were initiated. The patient had no respiratory distress. Serial chest X-rays were done to evaluate the progression of the pneumatocele. The clinical signs and symptoms improved, and we observed a gradual regression of the pneumatocele until it completely disappeared six weeks after his initial hospital admission. Conclusion: Large post-pneumonic pneumatoceles, even those that occupy the majority of a lung field, can remain asymptomatic and be managed conservatively.

Perovskite solar cells (PSC) have emerged as highly efficient photovoltaic devices, boasting remarkable power conversion efficiencies (PCE) exceeding 25.5%. However, the incorporation of perovskite films raises environmental concerns due to associated toxicity, and PSC deteriorates over time due to material breakdown accelerated by heat, moisture, and undesired chemical reactions at interfaces. For example, employing titanium dioxide TiO₂ as the electron transport layer (ETL) and the organic semiconductor Spiro-OMeTAD as the hole transport layer (HTL) can lead to instability in the device. The broad bandgap of TiO₂ leads to charge carrier recombination in ETL, undermining device performance, along with the high cost and complex synthesis of Spiro-OMeTAD. Researchers have investigated several methods to tackle these challenges, including altering the interfacial structure and employing adaptable materials between the charge-gathering electrode and perovskite active layers. Due to their extensive bandgap and notable electron mobility, perovskite oxides are highly attractive; however, these materials encounter difficulties such as clustering, which can cause short circuits and leakage current. They also suffer from inefficient charge separation, surface hydrophilicity, and inadequate absorption of visible light. Furthermore, the addition of graphene particles to both compact and mesoporous TiO₂ layers, which act as electron-selective layers, aims to lower series resistance and boost electron extraction efficiency, achieving a peak PCE of 26.3%. These materials have garnered attention for their outstanding optoelectronic properties, superior stability, and non-toxic characteristics. This review extensively delves into the integration of graphene-based materials as interfacial layers and how that will affect the performance of PSC in terms of stability and efficiency.

The optimization the bandgap of a solar cell is an important consideration to achieve better high efficiency. The ideal bandgap for a solar cell would be one that matches the energy of photons in the solar spectrum, allowing for the efficient absorption of light and conversion into electricity.In the current study; the performance of the perovskite-based solar cells was investigated numerically in band gap from 1.55 to 1.67 (eV) using the one-dimensional SCAPS simulation software not only for the current-voltage characteristics but also for the complex impedance (Z*). The effects of band gap energy of the perovskite absorber layer were evaluated from the J-V curves have shown a maximum efficiency is achieved at 1.61 (eV).From the analysis of the complex impedance (Z*) data only one maximum was observed in the Nyquist and Bode plots. In this case; further analysis war carried to explorethe complex modulus (M*) spectra. Therefore this analysis revealed the existence of tow clears maxima in the Nyquist and Bode plots. The de-convolution approach allowed us to identify the origin of each relaxation. In addition the electrical parameters such as the relaxation time (τ1), and the (τ2) related to the electron recombination and ionic transport were extracted. Moreover, a good correlation was obtained between all parameters from the I-V and complex modulus (M*) data to explain the maximum efficiency achieved at 1.61 (eV).These studies basically the combinationof the complex impedance (Z*) and modulus (M*) provide an appropriate path for the optimization of the solar cell efficiency.

Objectives: Data on anesthetic proceedings during cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) implant procedures are scarce and it remains unclear whether anesthetic care is still required in selected patients. Methods: In this retrospective, single center study we assessed the prevalence of intraoperative anesthetic management comprising anesthetic standby, sedation or general anesthesia as well as anesthetic and procedural complications. We analyzed pre-existing and perioperative risk factors related to procedure-related adverse outcome such as perioperative cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and 30-day mortality in a uni- and multivariable analysis. Results: In total, PM and ICD insertion were performed in up to 85% and 58% under anesthetic standby, with an increasing tendency over time.Overall, Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was required in 59 patients. Acute heart failure (AHF) was the only independent pre-existing risk factor for CPR and for 30-day mortality. Sedation and general anesthesia had a significantly increased odds ratio for CPR compared to anesthetic standby. The risk for CPR significantly decreased during the study period. Conclusions: Over the years anesthetic practice during CIED implant procedures shifted from mixed anesthetic proceedings to mainly standby duties. The prevalence of complications and emergency measures is low, however not uncommon. Accordingly, the presence of an anesthesiologist should be further guaranteed when sedatives were titrated and in AHF patients. However, in patients receiving local anesthetic infiltration only, it seems safe to perform CIED implant procedures without anesthetic standby.

The reliability, real-time performance, and quality of service of fog computing are dramatically affected by deadlock. In this paper, a new Deadlock Management System for a fog computing environment is proposed to achieve the best task scheduling while considering deadlock prediction. It contains five modules; the receiver, the matchmaker, the deadlock predictor, the dispatcher, and the ranking module. The receiver is responsible for incoming tasks, assigning their initial priority and task envelope, and calculating server computational distance. The match-making is a fuzzy inference algorithm used to calculate the server matchmaking degree. This determines the best fog server to perform the task. The deadlock module calculates the deadlock prediction risk degree while The dispatcher module dispatches the task depending on first-fit or best-fit modes. The ranking module is responsible for ranking all suitable fog servers and choosing the most suitable one to implement the task. This paper contributes to providing a new load-balancing strategy in fog computing while taking deadlock into consideration. Thus, resolving drawbacks such as load and complexity that strain the network, and computation latency. The results show that the proposed strategy outperforms other load-balancing techniques reported in the literature.

Background: Primary subtalar arthrodesis (PSTA) is a valid option in treating Sanders IV calcaneal fractures with few studies to assess its outcomes. Methods: Seventeen patients with Sanders IV calcaneal fractures were managed by open reduction and primary subtalar arthrodesis. Functional outcomes were measured by AOFAS-AHS and FAAM-ADL. We also documented time to return to work, union rate, wound complications and the need for second surgeries. Results: Fourteen patients were followed for two years. At final follow-up, the mean AOFAS-AHS score was 74.42 ± 1.95, while the mean FAAM- ADL score was 59.21 ± 1.6. Conclusion: PSTA is a valid option in treating these severe fractures. It may reduce the overall disability time.

Due to the deterioration and environmental issues of cement-based ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC), there is an increasing interest in utilizing geopolymer technology to develop UHPC. In this regard, a statistically based model using response surface methods is applied to predict the fresh and mechanical properties of ultra-high performance geopolymer concrete (UHPGC) mixtures. Twenty mixtures were designed and generated experimentally using the central composite design (CCD) concept. In this context, the effects of three principal factors—the effects of silica fume (SF), natural sand content, and different curing temperatures—on the flowability, setting times, bulk density, compressive, and flexural strengths were examined. The models presented herein reveal that all the inputs and outputs are perfectly correlated. Microscopic investigations were used to determine the morphological characteristics of the optimum mixture. The results revealed that the bulk density, flexural, and compressive strengths of the UHPGC ranged from 2461 to 2536 kg/m3, 6.48–9.39 MPa, and 104–152 MPa, respectively. According to the validated models and optimization findings, the optimum mixture of SF (22.5%) and sand content (1150 kg/m3) cured at 100 °C was found to develop the optimized UHPGC with the best microstructure performance. From the experimental results, the optimized UHPGC mixture possessed excellent mechanical properties (2521 kg/m3, 9.39 MPa and 152 MPa), and it had a non-porous structure primarily made of a dense geopolymer gel. Overall, the current study provides new insights into the design and production of UHPGC materials using the response surface method, which could contribute to the widespread use of this concrete in practical applications.

Primary vaginal sarcoma is a rare disease entity, reported in less than 3% of cases of vaginal cancers. We report the observation of a patient treated at the regional oncology center of Oujda in Morocco who is presented with a non-metastatic primary vaginal leiomyosarcoma of 20 cm. The treatment consisted of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, followed by hemostatic surgery with tumor resection limits, reinforced by radiotherapy and then a surgical resection with a tumor resection taking away the infiltrated part of the anterior face of the lower rectum and the realization of a left iliac colostomy whose resected tumor part limits were healthy. At present, the patient is 4 years of follow-up without locoregional or distant recurrence.

Background: This study assessed the potential cost-effectiveness of high (80–100%) vs low (21–35%) fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) at preventing surgical site infections (SSIs) after abdominal surgery in Nigeria, India, and South Africa. Methods: Decision-analytic models were constructed using best available evidence sourced from unbundled data of an ongoing pilot trial assessing the effectiveness of high FiO2, published literature, and a cost survey in Nigeria, India, and South Africa. Effectiveness was measured as percentage of SSIs at 30 days after surgery, a healthcare perspective was adopted, and costs were reported in US dollars ($). Results: High FiO2 may be cost-effective (cheaper and effective). In Nigeria, the average cost for high FiO2 was $216 compared with $222 for low FiO2 leading to a −$6 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −$13 to −$1) difference in costs. In India, the average cost for high FiO2 was $184 compared with $195 for low FiO2 leading to a −$11 (95% CI: −$15 to −$6) difference in costs. In South Africa, the average cost for high FiO2 was $1164 compared with $1257 for low FiO2 leading to a −$93 (95% CI: −$132 to −$65) difference in costs. The high FiO2 arm had few SSIs, 7.33% compared with 8.38% for low FiO2, leading to a −1.05 (95% CI: −1.14 to −0.90) percentage point reduction in SSIs. Conclusion: High FiO2 could be cost-effective at preventing SSIs in the three countries but further data from large clinical trials are required to confirm this.

Objective: Urolithiasis disease is a severe pathology causing painful bleeding in patients and can lead to kidney failure. Current treatments are limited, expensive, invasive with side effects and requires new alternatives, especially those based on natural products. This work aimed to determine the in vivo antilithiasis effect of hydroalcoholic extract (E.PG) and infusion (I.PG) of the Punica granatum L. plant, as well as their antibacterial capacity against the strains responsible of urinary tract infection such as: E. coli, P. Mirabilis, K. pneumoniae and S. Aureus. Methods: A curative protocol was followed, which consisted of inducing calcium oxalate lithiasis in rats by ethylene glycol (75%) and ammonium chloride (1%) solutions. After 15 days of oxalocalcic lithiasis induction, plant extracts were administered to rats at two different doses (200 and 400 mg/kg/day), with potassium citrate (Cit.K) used as a positive control. Water intake, urine volume, pH and body weight were measured with crystalluria and histopathological examinations of the kidneys performed. The antibacterial activity was studied by the disk diffusion method and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method. The checkerboard technique was used to determine the interactions between the two extracts. Results: The results found show a significant effectiveness of the Punica granatum L. extracts, especially the infusion in preventing the formation, development and calcium oxalate crystals deposition. In fact, crystalluria revealed an important diuresis with the presence of a very low crystals number (

Scientific backgrounds: Development of nanostructured biodegradable alloys has generated a great deal of interest in the recent years as they offer promising bioactive materials for reconstruction of bony defects following traumatic fractures or surgical excision of tumors. Objectives: The aim of the current study was to investigate the biocompatibility of Iron–Manganese -based alloys (Fe–Mn) with addition of copper (Cu), Tungsten (W) and cobalt (Co) to obtain 3 different alloys namely, Fe–Mn–Cu, Fe–Mn–W, and Fe–Mn–Co on normal oral epithelial cell line,and their possible anticancer effect on MG-63: osteosarcoma cell line. Materials and methods: The sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay was used to assess cell viability percentage of both cell lines after exposure to discs of the proposed experimental alloys. Moreover, the antibacterial effect of such alloys against Escherichia coli (E. coli) was tested using disc diffusion susceptibility (Kirby-Bauer method) and colony suspension method. Results: The cell viability percentage of oral epithelial cell line showed a significant increase in all the experimental groups in comparison to the control group. The highest percentage was observed in Fe–Mn–Co group, followed by Fe–Mn–W then Fe–Mn–Cu, at 24 and 72-h intervals, respectively. While the cell viability percentage of osteosarcoma cell line showed significant increase in all the experimental groups at 24-h intervals, it showed a significant drop in all the study groups at 72-h intervals. The lowest percentage was observed in Fe–Mn–Cu group, followed by Fe–Mn–W then Fe–Mn–Co. Moreover, all the examined study groups didn't show any inhibition zones against E. coli reference culture. Conclusions: The novel nanostructured biodegradable Fe–Mn–Cu, Fe–Mn–W, and Fe–Mn–Co metal alloys exhibit good biocompatibility on oral epithelial cell lines with the enhancement of cell proliferation in a time-dependent manner that favors bone regeneration. On the other hand, all the alloys manifested possible anticancer activity against MG-63: osteosarcoma cell line. Furthermore, our study sheds the light on the importance of Co, W and Cu as promising alloying elements. However, the antibacterial activity of the examined alloys is still questionable. Clinical relevance: The novel nanostructured biodegradable Fe–Mn–Cu, Fe–Mn–W, and Fe–Mn–Co metal alloys offer promising bioactive materials for reconstruction of bony defects following traumatic fractures or surgical excision of tumors, In addition, they could be excellent alternatives for undegradable or non-resorbable alloys that are commonly used. Moreover, they could be used as beneficial 3D printing materials to obtain patient-specific medical implants that favor bone regeneration in addition to manufacturing of plates and screws suitable for fracture fixation.

Background and objective: The allelic discrimination of IFNL3-(rs12979860 C > T) polymorphism reveals ambiguous associations with the effectiveness of oral HCV treatment. Solitary intra peripheral-blood-mononuclear-cells (PBMCs) HCV-RNA antisense-strands are independently detected in naïve and experienced cases regardless of viremia or hepatic-parenchymal alterations. We examined the frequencies of IFNL3-genetic variants with chronic-HCV-induced liver changes during the sustained virologic response (SVR) by evaluating the PBMCs- HCV-PCR after oral antiviral therapy. Methods: Twelve weeks after finishing oral antiviral therapy, the effects of IFNL3-genetic variants were evaluated in three groups of patients: Group-I (n = 25) showed HCV-RNA negativity in both serum and PBMCs-, group II (n = 52) showed positivity of HCV-RNA in PBMCs, and group-III (n = 25) had positive HCV-RNA in serum. The genetic variants of the IFNL3-gene were estimated for all the enrolled cases and correlated with their hepatic image changes. Results: IFNL3-(rs12979860) genotyping in post-direct acting antivirals (DAAs) SVR and HCV-relapse revealed: a) high frequency of CC-genotype and C-allele in group I compared to group II (P