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A medical field that is increasingly benefiting from Artificial Intelligence applications is Gyne- cology and Obstetrics. In previous work, we exposed that Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology and obstetric control by physicians can enhance pregnancy health, leading to better pregnancy outcomes and overall better experience, also reducing any possible long-term effects that can be produced by complications. This work presents a data collection methodology for responsible AI in Health and a case study in the pregnancy domain. It is a qualitative descriptive study on the preferences and expectations expressed by pregnant women regarding responsible AI and affective computing. A 41-items structured interview was distributed among 150 pregnant pa- tients attending prenatal care at Hospital Virgen del Rocío and the Clinic Victoria Rey (Seville, Spain) during the months of October and November 2020. A substantial interest in intelligent pregnancy solutions among pregnant women has been revealed in this study. Participants with a lower level of interest reported privacy concerns and lack of trust towards AI solutions. Re- garding affective computing based intelligent solutions specifically, most participants reported positively and no significant difference was found between women having a healthy or a high risk pregnancy on this matter. Our findings also suggest that a high demand of personalized intelligent solutions exists among participants. On the topic of sharing pregnancy data with the healthcare provider in favor of scientific research, pregnant women assisting public health- care services were found to be more likely to share their data when the provider was a public healthcare system rather than a private entity. Pregnant women who are interested in using an AI pregnancy application share a strong idea that it needs to be responsible, trustworthy, useful, and safe. Likewise, we found that pregnant women would change their mind about their concerns and they wou

The health care building designing is a very difficult process in which there are a great quantity of parameters and variables that it is necessary to consider. The health care building should reach the population needs. Additionally, the design of this type of building and the related facilities involves a great quantity of regulations which they are adapted to the different countries. Thus, the health care facilities should be designed according to numerous and complex regulations. The checking of this regulation is very difficult and usually involves big teams of specialized engineers and architects. The proposed Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) and Reinforcement Learning can analyse the data about building design (provided in an Extended Mark-up Language or XML file, and other compatible formats), checking, and validating the regulations. This approach allows to reduce the specialized and high qualified personnel, providing a report with the checking regulations, and the traceability of warning and faults in the application of regulations.

The empirical ionospheric storm correction model STORM included in the new version of the IRI model is driven by the previous time-history of the ap index and is designed to be dependent on latitude and season. The behavior of this correction model has been analyzed comparing foF2 values obtained by the IRI model with or without storm correction and those measured by ionosondes distributed around the world. A statistical analysis was done using two geomagnetic storms during 2003 (medium solar activity).

The main parameters that characterize an ionospheric channel, frequency, elevation angle, group path, ground range, and apogee have been obtained by means of 2D raytracing program called abcray03. The analysis has considered different hourly ionospheric conditions for four quiet days (25–28 March 2000) and five geographic locations distributed in the two hemispheres. Electron density profiles define the selected ionospheric conditions. Raytracing is run considering experimental electron density profiles from manually scaled measurements obtained with ionosondes. The resulting radio propagation parameters are compared with those obtained using the IRI and NeQuick models driven by measured F2 peak values.

A new technique is presented to estimate the electron density topside profile from information derived from ground-based ionograms. The electron density above the F2 peak is approximated by an a-Chapman function with constant scale height (Hm). The scale height is derived from the shape of the bottomside profile near the F2 peak. Digisonde data obtained at two European stations: Ebro (40.4 N, 0.3 E) and El Arenosillo (37.1 N; 353.2 E) for different times of day, seasons, and periods of the solar cycle to study the variations of Hm. The results of the analysis are in good agreement with those reported by other authors. A table of values is presented for typical hours of the day and different seasons and solar activity conditions. This study, once extended to a larger database, will support modeling Hm as a function of time, season, latitude, solar activity and magnetic activity, and contribute to the formulation of the topside electron density in the IRI model.

This paper discusses the behavior of ionospheric parameters that were obtained from electron density profiles derived from ionograms recorded at El Arenosillo (37.1 N, 353.2 E; Dip = 52; Modip = 45.5) during some intense geomagnetic storms. The selected parameters are the critical frequency of the F2 layer, foF2, the height of the peak electron density, hmF2, the thickness and shape parameters of the F2 layer, B0 and B1, and the integrated total electron content (ITEC). As a measure of the ionospheric disturbance during the storms the relative deviations of these parameters from their corresponding monthly medians has been calculated. All the parameters present changes during the storms. In general, increases during the main phase and first stage of the recovery phase are observed. The relative deviations of foF2 and ITEC present similar temporal behavior (as during quiet geomagnetic conditions). Comparisons between foF2 and ITEC with IRI 2001 model predictions show that the model significantly overestimates the ionospheric parameters mainly during the recovery phase of the storms.

The electron density variability at fixed heights is studied for use in the International Reference Ionosphere IRI model. Monthly median, upper and lower quartile values were obtained for foF2, hmF2, B0 and B1 as deduced from ionograms. The IRI electron density profiles established with these values were then compared with the median and quartiles at fixed heights. Results are shown for the three ionospheric stations E1 Arenosillo (37.1 N, 353.3 E), Tucuman (26.9 S, 294.6 E) and San Juan (31.5 S, 290.4 E) as a function of solar activity, season and local time. As found by other authors the height of maximum variability, hvmax, is located below the peak electron density height (hmF2) in all the cases. Values of differences between hmF2 and hvmax are analized. Variability defined as the interquartile difference and hvmax results are calculated from experimental electron density profiles measured at the three stations.

Modelling and forecasting of ionospheric parameters is very useful for different radio communication purposes. As long as variations in the ionosphere form regular patterns, the empirical International Reference Ionosphere model, IRI 2000, provides sufficiently accurate corrections to the maximum electron density, NmF2, to predict the ionospheric effects on radio wave propagation. During geomagnetic storms, however, agreement between the IRI 2000 model and observations is still insufficient. This paper deals with the analysis of measured and model predicted F-region electron densities under quiet and disturbed conditions with the main emphasis placed on the distribution of the F1-region daytime ionisation. Available electron density profiles obtained from ionograms for selected periods from several European ionospheric stations (Pruhonice, Ebro, Arenosillo) were compared with IRI 2000 model results. Comparative analysis shows that discrepancies do exist predominantly during the storm main phase. The model predicted daytime electron densities at the fixed F1-region heights are closer to observed values during summer than winter. Dependences of D1 on solar activity and season are also analysed.

The 11 August 1999 Solar eclipse totality path ran across western Europe at near-constant latitudes of about 49°N. It occurred at mid-time of a sequence of three days with steady solar wind and quiet magnetospheric conditions. Its response was observed by a score of ionospheric facilities, which will provide high-resolution probing of the various disturbances. First results allow us to compare the time fluctuations at various distances from totality on the eclipse and adjacent days, inside a 5° West to 5° East longitude area. In this preliminary work the foF1 and foF2 time changes are presented in contour maps on a size grid. They show the expected longitude transit of eclipse perturbation. We venture brief comments on the eclipse-own signatures as separate from the various wave oscillations detected prior to eclipse time by 12.4 MHz panoramic azimuth scans of the Losquet radar near Lannion (Brittanny).

The advantage of studying eclipse disturbances is the perfect predictability of their 4D source geometry, which allows for preparation of adapted systems and schedules. The total solar eclipse period of August 11, 1999 across Europe was notable for exceptionally uniform solar disk, steady solar wind and quiet magnetospheric conditions. Large-scale gravity wave activity prior to the eclipse however disturbed the initial 0900 LT thermosphere weather. This rapid letter is an advance summary about one particular aspect of the West European ionosonde and radar results of the eclipse experiment. It focusses on the possible emergence of a distant eclipse frontal bow-wave. This was expected as a consequence of the supersonic shock of stratospheric Ozone cooling. First-look data of Vertical Incidence Digisonde records are greatly improved by their Real-Time acquisition of inverted true-height pro>les. The EBRE (Tortosa, Spain) foF1 and foF2 simultaneous oscillations observed from the second to the fourth hour following maximum solar occultation appear as convincing indicators of the bow-wave signature. Large ?uctuations in foF1 and foF2 during some of our control days, of usual gravity wave character, emphasize the importance of meteorologic disturbances on mid-latitude ionosphere variability.