1. Bipolar disorder and cardiovascular dysfunction: Mechanisms and implications
- Author
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Benjamin I. Goldstein and Megan Mio
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Cardiovascular biomarkers ,Cardiovascular risk factors ,Population ,Disease ,medicine.disease ,Treatment targets ,medicine ,In patient ,Bipolar disorder ,Intensive care medicine ,business ,Suicide Risk ,education - Abstract
Premature cardiovascular disease, occurring over a decade earlier in bipolar disorder as compared with the general population, contributes significantly to early mortality. This association cannot be explained by medication use, lifestyle, or traditional cardiovascular risk factors alone. Negative clinical outcomes, including amount of time spent symptomatic, suicide risk, and number of psychiatric comorbidities, are all notably elevated in patients at higher cardiovascular risk. In spite of robust data that support significantly elevated risk and burden within bipolar disorder, clinical training still does not underscore this link, and little focus has been placed on intentionally targeting the vascular system to ameliorate psychiatric symptoms. Numerous emerging cardiovascular biomarkers may help to better explain this vascular-bipolar link and uncover underlying pathophysiology and new treatment targets.
- Published
- 2021
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