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Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the microbial adhesion of different oral pathogens on different wires used in orthodontic treatment and to evaluate the potential of these pathogens to form biofilms on different types of orthodontic wires and brackets. Methods: In this in vitro investigation, we calculated that the sample size for each group (i.e., those with brackets [metal braces, ceramic braces, and self-ligating braces] and wires [nickel titanium, titanium molybdenum, and stainless steel]) should be 15 individuals. Five types of microbes (Streptococcus mutans, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans) were used. Three types of brackets and three types of wires were used with five types of bacteria, and the process was repeated three times to collect the average. Results: No significant differences were observed in the mean concentrations of bacteria in the different brackets (p > 0.05) or in the mean concentrations in the different orthodontic materials used in these brackets. In contrast, there were considerable differences between the concentrations of bacteria in the wires and those in the brackets (p

Objective: Identification of periodontal phenotype is critical in clinical practice. Thick and thin tissues respond differently to inflammation, and trauma. It significantly influences the outcomes of restorative treatment, regenerative therapy, and success of implants and periodontal surgery. Periodontal phenotype can be assessed via invasive or non-invasive methods. This study aimed to establish the reliability of non-invasive methods in determining gingival phenotypes in comparison with validated methods. Methods: This preapproved cross-sectional observational study was conducted at Batterjee Medical College in Saudi Arabia. The participants were conveniently sampled based on the inclusion criteria. The clinical study utilized Colorvue® biotype probes to evaluate gingival tissue phenotype in the region of interest, intraoral digital scanner (IOS) (iTero® scanner), and digital photography. Densitometric acquisition of photographs and intraoral scans was performed using Adobe Photoshop to quantify three-dimensional color measurements expressed in Delta E values (ΔE). Furthermore, patient-reported experience measures (PREMs) were used to evaluate anxiety and pain perception. Values of p

Background: In clinical orthodontic practice, to evaluate aesthetics in dentistry, lateral cephalometry and lateral photometry are used to measure and assess craniofacial morphology. In contrast to cephalometry, photometry has no radiation hazard and is less expensive. There has been a paradigm shift in contemporary orthodontics that now emphasizes soft tissue aesthetics, rather than depending entirely on hard tissue evaluation from lateral cephalometry. Therefore, the key question is whether lateral photometry can be a substitute for conventional cephalometry for diagnostics, prognostic analysis, and treatment planning. Objective: To differentiate between lateral cephalometry and lateral photometry measurement in children with stage 2 and 3 vertebrae maturation in the Deutero Malay population. Materials and Methods: A standardized protocol was followed for all lateral cephalograms and photographs from 38 subjects who met the inclusion criteria. Three parameters focusing on the lower third craniofacial measurement were investigated: two linear parameters (mandibular ramus length and mandibular length) and one angular parameter (gonial angle). These parameters were measured using Webceph software. All parameters were digitized on both cephalograms and photographs and were compared using an independent sample t-test. Results: When comparing the angular cephalometric and photometric variables, we found that the mandible length (Go-Me) and gonial angle (∠Go) in the cephalometry measurements had an insignificant difference compared to the photometric measurements, while the ramus length (Co-Go) in the cephalometry measurement had a significant difference compared to the photometric measurements. Conclusion: Although we cannot rule out cephalometry as the primary record in orthodontics, lateral photometry assessment can be used as an alternative candidate for measuring mandibular body measurements and gonial angle in stage 2 and 3 cervical maturation in the Deutero Malay race.

In the field of medicine, diagnosing diseases involves various steps, procedures, and protocols. Histopathological examination remains the gold standard for a definitive and accurate diagnosis. This process relies on an initial step of tissue fixation.Formaldehyde is a traditional fixative material and is typically used as 10% or 4% buffered solutions. However, significant health risks are associated with formaldehyde exposure.Our paper aimed to evaluate and compare variable media as a preservative agent. The study included eight groups as follows: (1) normal saline 0.9%; (2) local anesthesia with epinephrine (2% Lidocaine HCl/ 1:100,000 epi); (3) local anesthesia without epinephrine (3% Mepivacaine HCl/ plain); (4) distilled water; (5) Saliva collected from healthy male participants; (6) Milk (Almarai- full-fat fresh milk); (7) Propolis; and (8) l0% formalin. Three tissue samples from each group were fixed in 10% formalin for 24 h after being preserved for 6 h at ambient temperature in their respective media. All specimens were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin.The following histological structures were assessed: (1) superficial 1/3 of the epithelium, (2) middle 1/3 of the epithelium, (3) lower 1/3 of the epithelium, (4) basement membrane/rete ridges, (5) fibrous connective tissue, (6) blood vessels/endothelial cells, (7) skeletal muscle, (8) adipose tissue, and (9) nerve bundles. A numerical rating system was employed to assess these components, with scores ranging from 1 to 4.Our findings suggest propolis has promising potential as a tissue fixative. This study highlighted the effectiveness of propolis as a preservative and fixative solution, which warrants further investigation.

Aim: This research assessed the mutagenicity and DNA damage of a novel type of nano-hydroxyapatite-silica glass ionomer cement (nano-HA-SiO2-GIC) and a conventional GIC (cGIC) using Ames and Comet assays. Methods: Cell viability was tested on human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPLFs) using 3.125 mg/ml, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/ml, on both types of GICs employing MTT assay. For the Comet assay, HPLFs were treated with IC50, IC25 and IC10 of test materials and the tail moments were measured. In the Ames test, four genotypic variants of strains of Salmonella typhimurium (TA100, TA98, TA1537 and TA1535) and a strain of Escherichia coli (WP2 uvrA) were employed. The material tested was extracted using sterile distilled water (0.2 g per ml) at 37 °C for 72 h. This was considered as 100 %, which was diluted to 50, 25, 12.5 and 6.25 % utilizing sterile distilled water. These five concentrations were incubated with the bacterial strains with and without metabolic activation (S9), along with appropriate positive controls. The number of revertant colonies was used to evaluate the outcome. Results: The highest cell viability (159.4 %) for nano-HA-SiO2-GIC was noticed at 3.125 mg/ml, while the lowest (24.26 %) was observed at 200 mg per ml. IC50, IC25 and IC10 values were 95.27, 51.4 and 20.1 mg/ml for cGIC, 106.9, 55.8 and 22.9 mg/ml for nano-HA-SiO2-GIC, respectively. The IC10 of both test materials showed no significant DNA damage compared to that of the negative control based on the Comet assay. The plate treated with nano-HA-SiO2-GIC showed less than double the average number of revertant colonies compared to that of negative control with regard to the Ames test. Conclusions: It can be concluded that nano-HA-SiO2-GIC is non-mutagenic based on the Ames test and did not cause DNA damage at the lowest concentration of IC10 based on the Comet assay.

Objective: This study investigates the flexural strength and elastic modulus of three-dimension (3D) printed interim resin (ASIGA) incorporating zirconium dioxide (nano-ZrO2) and silicon dioxide (nano-SiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) with different build direction and after artificial aging. Methods: Three hundred 3D-printed specimens were used for testing. Groups were modified with nano-ZrO2 or nano-SiO2 at concentrations of 0.5 wt% or 1 wt% and an unmodified control group remained unmodified (n = 10). The bar-shaped specimens (25 × 2 × 2 mm) were printed at 0, 45, and 90 degree orientations. Flexural properties were assessed using a universal testing machine. The study employed various analyses to assess material properties and bonding. Results: The flexural strength was significantly improved (P

Background: Migration of dental pulp stromal cells (DPSCs) significantly responds to wound healing after pulp injury. Deriving from low compliance characteristics, pulp tissue regeneration is challenging and depends on the microenvironmental signals. Exosomes can maintain and carry bioactive proteins that are crucial in cell communication. Adipose tissue-derived stromal vascular fraction (AD-SVF), a heterogeneous group of progenitor cells, is a promising source of exosomes. Objective: Discover the impact of exosomes derived from an adipose-derived stromal-vascular fraction (AD-SVF Exo) on human dental pulp stromal cells (hDPSCs) migration. Methods: In-vitro design involving AD-SVF Exo applied to hDPSCs cultivated until 80% confluence and 3rd-4th passage. AD-SVF Exo isolation through size exclusion chromatography (SEC). The AD-SVF Exo was characterized using Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) and flow cytometry assays. hDPSCs were exposed to AD-SVF Exo (0% as the control group, 0.1%, and 1% as the experimental group), subjected to a scratch wound assay, and observed at 6, 24, and 48 h. Results: hDPSCs cultured expressed mesenchymal stem cell mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) markers and formed loose colonies with characteristic spindle-shaped morphology. AD-SVF Exo consisted of marker proteins CD9 and CD63, and NTA measurement demonstrated a diameter of 103 ± 24 nm in diameter with 1,6 x 108 particles/ml. Based on scratch assay, hDPSCs migration activity improved by reduced wound area in experimental groups. Data analyzed utilizing the Friedman (p

Objective: This scoping review aimed to evaluate the current state of virtual reality (VR) implementation in dental education and practice in Saudi Arabia, highlighting its advantages and challenges. Methods: A scoping review examined VR’s role in regrading dental education and practice in Saudi Arabia by searching electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, from inception to July 2024. Studies including VR applications for education, skills development, or anxiety/pain management involving Saudi dental students and practitioners were included. Results: Eleven relevant studies were identified: 5 focused on education and 6 on clinical practice. Educational studies showed mixed effectiveness of VR versus traditional methods but positive student perceptions. Clinical application studies also had mixed results on VR’s impact on anxiety and pain, though some benefits were noted. VR systems included distraction-based, simulator-based, and hybrid VR/augmented reality with artificial intelligence. Conclusion: While the current implementation of VR in dental practice in Saudi Arabia shows promise, particularly in enhancing students’ engagement and reducing patients’ anxiety, more comprehensive and robust research is needed to validate its effectiveness fully. Strategic efforts should focus on expanding research, tailoring applications, and integrating VR with traditional methods to align with the healthcare objectives of Vision 2030.

Background: The lack of standardised studies remains an obstacle to developing a consistent approach to integrating virtual dental simulation (VDS) into dental education. The aim of this study was to develop consensus among experienced educators and dental practitioners on the optimal integration of VDS at various stages of dental curricula. The goal was to propose clear yet flexible recommendations that could be implemented by most educational institutions. Methods: Focus groups were established, consisting of experienced academic educators involved in VDS, experienced academic staff who had not previously been involved in VDS, and experienced dental practitioners. These groups exchanged ideas about the best ways to integrate VDS into dental curricula. The Simodont® Dental Trainer system was used to design a curriculum for VDS. Results: The expert group agreed that VDS for manual dexterity exercises should be introduced in the first year of dental curricula. This should be followed by cariology exercises in the second year and crown preparation exercises in the third year, alongside traditional manikin-based simulation exercises. Additionally, VDS was recommended for senior students on an ad hoc basis for academic recovery purposes. However, VDS endodontic exercises were excluded from the proposed integrative dental curriculum. Other ways of utilising VDS were identified, such as student recruitment activities and intensive refreshment programs at the start of each academic year. Conclusions: This study proposes a flexible approach to including VDS in dental curricula. This proposed approach can be customised to meet the specific needs of each educational institution, providing a tailored learning experience for students.

Objective: The purpose of the study was to compare the fluoride release in two conventional glass ionomer cements (Ionobond, Ketac Molar) and two resin-modified glass ionomer cements (Vitrebond, Fuji II LC) adapted with halloysite nanotubes preloaded with sodium fluoride at different concentrations. Methods: In total, 96 samples were prepared and distributed into four control groups and eight experimental groups (5 % and 10 %). Totals of 10 % and 5 % of the total weight of ionomer powder needed to prepare the samples were replaced with nanotubes, preloaded at 2,000 parts per million, respectively. The experimental groups were followed for 120 days at seven time intervals. All the samples were stored at 37 °C. Results: All the experimental groups showed significant differences compared with the control groups; likewise, differences were observed between the concentrations of 5% and 10%. Conclusion: The experimental groups (conventional and resin-modified glass ionomer cements adapted with preloaded nanotubes) released a higher and more constant amount of fluoride compared to the control groups.

Aim: Evaluation of the quality of dental information produced by the ChatGPT artificial intelligence language model within the context of oral surgery, preventive dentistry, and oral cancer. Methodology: This study adopted quantitative methods approach. The experts prepared 50 questions (including dimensions of, risk factors, preventive measures, diagnostic methods, and treatment options) that would be presented to ChatGPT, and its responses were rated for their accuracy, completeness, relevance, clarity or comprehensibility, and possible risks using a standardized rubric. To carry out the assessment of the responses by ChatGPT, a standardized scoring rubric was used. Evaluation process included feedback concerning the strengths, weaknesses, and potential areas of improvement in the responses provided by ChatGPT. Results: While achieving the highest score for preventive dentistry at 4.3/5 and being able to communicate the complex information coherently, the tool showed lower accuracy for oral surgery and oral cancer, scoring 3.9/5 and 3.6/5, respectively, with several gaps for post-operative instructions, personalized risk assessments, and specialized diagnostic methods. Potential risks, such as a lack of individualized advice, were shown in 53% of the oral cancer and in 40% of the oral surgery. While showing promise in some domains, ChatGPT had important limitations in specialized areas that require nuanced expertise. Conclusion: The findings point to the need for professional supervision while using AI-generated information and ongoing evaluation as capabilities evolve, for the assurance of responsible implementation in the best interest of patient care.

Objective: This study evaluated the effects of finish-line design, tooth preparation taper or total occlusal convergence (TOC), and digital production technology on the retention of provisional crowns for molars. Material and Methods: Different taper angles (10° TOC and 20° TOC) and finish line designs (chamfer and shoulder) were used to prepare four mandibular first molar teeth. Two subgroups of the prepared teeth received temporary crowns that were either “Computer-Aided Design” and “Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) milled or 3D printed. Hence, eight test groups of temporary crowns containing 10 samples each were created. Groups 1–4 were milled, and Groups 5–8 were 3D printed specimens. A consistent procedure was used to cement 80 temporary crowns. The specimens were thermocycled for a total of 5000 heat cycles, initially at 5 °C for 30 s (dwell time) and then at 55 °C for 30 s. The pull-off force necessary to remove the temporary crowns was recorded, and the tensile strength, which served as the dependent variable, was calculated. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to assess the variations in retention forces among the test groups. Results: The mean tensile strengths at maximum load [MPa] were higher in Groups 5, 6, 7, 8 (6.6 MPa, 6.91 MPa, 7.65 MPa, and 7.45 MPa respectively) as compared to the mean tensile strengths at maximum load [MPa] in Groups 1, 2, 3, 4 (2.35 MPa, 3.52 MPa, 3.21 MPa, and 2.45 MPa respectively). Conclusion: For extended periods, 3D-printed crowns with steeper preparation tapers (20° TOC) and shoulder finish lines exhibited enhanced retention.

Objective: This study compares, in terms of rehabilitation and recovery, freehand implant placement using flapless or mini-flap procedures with the use of 3D implant design software and specialized surgical templates among patients who are partially or completely edentulous. A secondary aim is to propose an algorithm for predicting the accuracy of implant placement. Method.Patients with an alveolar height of at least 7 mm and an alveolar width of at least 4 mm were randomly assigned to two groups. Group I comprised ten patients who received computer-guided dental implant placement, while Group II comprised ten patients who received manual placements. A temporary prosthodontic was immediately inserted onto the implants, which was replaced by a permanent one after 4–6 months. Results: The study enrolled twenty patients. A blinded, independent assessor evaluated the outcome variables, which included implant failure, marginal bone loss, treatment duration, post-surgical pain and swelling, use of painkillers, surgical time, and patient satisfaction. Pain scores in Group II were significantly higher than those in Group I, but there were no other significant differences. All patients experienced pain after 2 days, but by 7 days, only two patients in Group I and four patients in Group II were still suffering, although this difference was not statistically significant. After 14 days, all patients were asymptomatic. Conclusion: Although the freehand technique is straightforward for experienced surgeons, surgical guides enhance the accuracy of implant placement, particularly in a deficient alveolar ridge.

Background and objectives: Idiopathic condylar resorption (ICR) can be described as a dysfunctional remodeling of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). It is clinically characterized by morphological changes in TMJ including reduced ramus height, accelerated mandibular retrusion and reduced growth in juveniles. With a strong predilection towards females (90 %) within an age group of 10 to 40 years, diagnosis and management of ICR is a critical clinical challenge. The aim of this study is to present a comprehensive review of diagnosis and management strategies for ICR. Materials and Methods: Literature search based on keywords relating to ICR was conducted on PubMed (Medline) database. Studies fulfilling the inclusion criteria (reports based on clinical diagnosis and management of ICR) were selected for comprehensive review. Results: 253 articles were identified through literature search. After abstract screening and full-text review, 54 studies were selected for qualitative synthesis. Diagnosis of ICR is established by combination of clinical and radiographic findings, patient history, and exclusion of all known local/systemic factors contributing to condylar resorption. Management of ICR depends on condylar activity and surgeon’s ability to preserve the articular disc and mandibular condyle, and could either be surgical or non-surgical. Surgical treatment can be either by orthognathic surgery alone or through a combination of orthognathic and TMJ surgeries. Conclusion: Based on the present review, it may be concluded that diagnosis and management of ICR requires adequate clinical understanding of the condition. Identifying the stage of ICR is important in deciding optimum treatment plan. While early-stage ICR could be managed non-surgically by orthodontic and splint therapies, advanced stage disease require simultaneous TMJ Surgery with orthognathic correction for skeletal stability. Future research should focus on elucidating underlying mechanisms of ICR, refining diagnostic criteria, and optimizing treatment protocols to enhance patient outcomes.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate research hotspots and trends in the field of periodontitis and drug delivery systems from the perspective of bibliometrics. Methods: Publications related to periodontitis and drug delivery systems between 2001 and 2023 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database. Bibliometric analysis was conducted using VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and the R package “bibliometrix.” Results: A total of 299 articles from 46 countries, primarily India and China, were included in the analysis, and the number of articles related to periodontitis and drug delivery systems were found to be increasing annually. Silpakorn University, the Government Dental College and Research Institute, and the Indian Institute of Technology were identified as the main research institutions investigating the topic, while the Journal of Periodontology emerged as the most popular and co-cited journal in this field. Among the authors of these articles, Thawatchai Phaechamud published the most papers and Gary Greenstein was the most co-cited author. The development of more suitable treatment methods for periodontitis and materials for developing drug delivery systems is a major focus in this research field, with “implants,” “efficacy,” “nanoparticles,” and “mucoadhesive” being the main emerging research hotspots. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive bibliometric study summarizing research trends and developments in the field of periodontitis and drug delivery systems. This information elucidates the latest research frontiers and can assist in conceptualizing new directions in research on periodontitis and drug delivery systems.

Introduction: This study aimed to analyze the existing evidence on the association between dental diseases and stroke. Various pathogenic mechanisms, including bacteraemia and systemic inflammation, were investigated to explore their impact on stroke occurrence and severity. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted through the online databases PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus. The initial screening process resulted in a total of 138 articles being gathered. Upon subsequent refinement, 52 articles were discarded due to duplication or non-English language, leaving 86 articles for further assessment. Results: Oral bacteria can travel to the brain’s blood vessels and cause bacteraemia, leading to local inflammation and the release of toxins. This process can result in the blockage or rupture of blood vessels, leading to stroke. Oral infections consistently trigger immune responses and systemic inflammation, with inflammation-related proteins playing a crucial role in stroke development. Notably, periodontal treatment could reduce the risk of stroke. Conclusion: This review emphasizes the role of dental diseases in promoting stroke occurrence through various mechanisms. Dental diseases contribute to the development of stroke by facilitating bacteraemia and systemic inflammation. Furthermore, through effectively treating and preventing dental diseases, the risk of strokes can be significantly reduced.

Various precise gene editing techniques at the DNA/RNA level, driven by clustered regularly interspaced short palindrome repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) technology, have gained significant prominence. Yet, research on targeted protein editing techniques remains limited. Only a few attempts have been made, including the use of specific proteases and de-O-glycosylating enzymes as editing enzymes. Here, we propose direct editing of N-glycosylated proteins using de-N-glycosylating enzymes to modify N-glycosylation and simultaneously alter the relevant asparagine residue to aspartate in living cells. Selective protein deglycosylation editors were developed by fusing high-affinity protein-targeting peptides with active peptide:N-glycanases (PNGases). Three crucial cell membrane proteins, programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1), programmed cell death-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein, were chosen to be tested as a proof of concept. N-linked glycans were removed, and the relevant sites were converted from Asn to Asp in living mammalian cells, destabilizing target proteins and accelerating their degradation. Further investigation focused on SARS-CoV-2 spike protein deglycosylation editing. The collaboration of LCB1-PNGase F (PNGF) effectively reduced syncytia formation, inhibited pseudovirus packaging, and significantly hindered virus entry into host cells, which provides insights for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatment. This tool enables editing protein sequences post-de-N-glycosylation in living human cells, shedding light on protein N-glycosylation functions, and Asn to Asp editing in organisms. It also offers the potential for developing protein degradation technologies.

Neoplasms arising from neuroendocrine cells form a heterogeneous group known as neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), which possess both endocrine and neural characteristics. These tumors can occur in various organs throughout the body, with the most prominent sites being the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, and lungs. Despite their relatively low incidence, NETs have gained significant attention due to their unique biology and clinical behavior. This review intends to provide a widespread gestalt of the present perception of NETs, including their epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, classification, clinical presentation, diagnostic modalities, treatment options, and prognosis. Treatment strategies for NETs depend on tumor grade, stage, location, and functional status. Surgical resection remains the pillar of curative treatment for localized disease; on the other hand, systemic therapies take account of targeted therapies like tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT), somatostatin analogs, and immunotherapy have shown promising results in advanced cases. In conclusion, this review provides an up-to-date summary of our current knowledge regarding neuroendocrine tumors. Further research is needed to better understand the underlying molecular mechanisms driving tumor development and progression. This will aid in developing novel therapeutic strategies targeting specific pathways involved in NET pathogenesis to improve patient outcomes.

Central Asia, a crucible of prehistoric and historical Trans-Eurasian interactions, has been pivotal in shaping cultural exchanges, population dynamics, and genetic admixture. Recent insights from ancient DNA studies have shed light on the extensive population turnover within this region, encompassing a spectrum of groups from Paleolithic hunter-gatherers to Holocene herders and the nomadic pastoralist empires of historical times. The genomic analysis of ancient pathogens across the Eurasian steppe has further deepened our understanding of pathogen origins, clonal expansions, and the intricate processes of host-pathogen coevolution in relation to varying pathogen exposures and their spread. We consolidate the latest findings pertaining to the ancient human and pathogen genomes of Central Asia, elucidating their profound influence on the genomic tapestry of contemporary Central Asians. A notable gap in the current genomic databases for Central Asia is underscored, particularly within the scope of genomics-driven precision medicine. We stress the urgent need for the development of extensive, region-specific genomic resources that hold promise for revealing the genetic blueprints underlying human traits and diseases, refining polygenic scoring models for predictive medicine, and bolstering genomic research endeavors across Central Asia.

Nervonic acid (NA) is an important long-chain monounsaturated fatty acid found in mammalian nervous tissue. It has recently garnered research attention due to its therapeutic potential in treating psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of NA in treating ischemia/reperfusion and poststroke events in a rat model. Specifically, there was significant reduction in the infarct area, cell death, and neuronal swelling after NA treatment, and the improvement in cerebral blood flow was also observed on day five after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Moreover, NA treatment led to the upregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factors and myelin basic protein genes. NA displayed improved effects on depressive-like behavior of rats by three validated assays—the sucrose preference test, open-field test, and forced swim test. Regarding the mechanism of action, direct supplementation of NA in the brain was observed. We also observed the indirect effects of NA on the gut microbiota. Notably, the NA group gradually restored the bacterial diversity and the EGb group exhibited no impact based on observed-out analysis. We found an increase in the abundance of Blautia and Sutterella, which participated in phenylalanine metabolism. The metabolomics of plasma and brain samples revealed a decrease in the levels of phenylalanine-based amino acids, which alleviated the inhibitory effects on glutamine metabolism and promoted the recovery and signaling transmission of neurons after stroke. Altogether, our findings suggest that NA can be a viable treatment option for alleviating stroke and its associated poststroke depressive-like behaviors.

Resumen: Los aneurismas de la aorta toracoabdominal constituyen un reto en cirugía cardiovascular por la complejidad de la patología, agresividad del tratamiento quirúrgico y comorbilidades de los pacientes. Su prevalencia, real y detectada, ha aumentado debido a una creciente esperanza de vida, la mejora del diagnóstico y mayor concienciación de médicos y pacientes. Pueden complicarse por disección o rotura, y la mitad de las muertes se deben a la rotura, incluso con diámetros inferiores a 6 cm. El objetivo terapéutico es reducir complicaciones como disección, rotura o muerte de causa aórtica. La decisión quirúrgica requiere una ponderación cuidadosa de factores anatómicos y de riesgo de eventos futuros frente a los riesgos operatorios. La cirugía abierta sustituye el aneurisma por un injerto anastomosado a aorta adyacente sana, mientras que la reparación endovascular utiliza endoprótesis vasculares para excluir el flujo sanguíneo del saco aneurismático. La mortalidad y morbilidad de la reparación quirúrgica abierta son elevadas, especialmente en pacientes con comorbilidades, e incluyen isquemia medular y daño renal. El tratamiento endovascular se desarrolló como una alternativa menos invasiva a la cirugía abierta, con resultados prometedores en la reducción de la mortalidad hospitalaria, pero su uso sigue siendo experimental. La elección del tratamiento requiere una evaluación multidisciplinar del perfil de riesgo del paciente y de las características anatómicas del aneurisma. Recientemente se ha propuesto un tratamiento híbrido, que combina la reparación endovascular torácica con la cirugía abdominal abierta, pero la experiencia es aún limitada y no hay pruebas sólidas de que mejore los resultados. Abstract: Thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms remain a challenge in cardiovascular surgery due to the complexity of the pathology, the invasiveness of surgical treatment required and common patient comorbidities. The prevalence, true and detected, of these aneurysms has increased due to increased life expectancy, improved diagnosis, and greater physician and patient awareness. They can trigger dissection or rupture, and half of all deaths are due to aortic rupture, even in aneurysms with diameters under 6 cm. The goal of treatment is to reduce the risk of adverse aortic events, such as dissection, rupture, or aortic-related death. The timing of intervention requires careful evaluation of anatomic and risk factors for future events versus operative risks. Open surgery aims to replace the aneurysmal thoracoabdominal aortic segment with a prosthetic graft anastomosed to adjacent non-aneurysmal aortic tissues, whereas endovascular repair uses stent-grafts to exclude blood flow from the aneurysmal sac. The morbidity and mortality of open surgical repair are high, especially in patients with comorbidities, and include spinal cord ischemia and renal damage. Endovascular treatment has been developed as a less invasive alternative to open surgery, with promising results in reducing hospital mortality, but its use remains experimental. The choice of treatment requires a multidisciplinary assessment of the patient's risk factors and the anatomical characteristics of the aneurysm. Hybrid treatment, combining thoracic endovascular repair with (simultaneous or deferred) open abdominal surgery, has recently been proposed, but there is still limited experience and no robust evidence for improved outcomes.

Resumen: Introducción y objetivo: La enfermedad venosa crónica es la entidad más frecuente de la patología vascular, y las varices originadas en los troncos safenos pueden causar importante morbilidad. El tratamiento endovascular ofrece ventajas significativas, y al menos es tan eficaz como la cirugía. Métodos: Revisión de las técnicas endovasculares térmicas (láser, radiofrecuencia, vapor y microondas) y no térmicas (cianoacrilato, espuma ecoguiada y mecano-química) en el tratamiento de la insuficiencia venosa superficial a partir de la bibliografía existente y de la experiencia propia. Resultados: A lo largo del artículo se describen cada una de las técnicas, su mecanismo de acción y los dispositivos comerciales disponibles con los procedimientos de uso estándar. Así mismo, se detalla el postoperatorio habitual de cada uno de ellos, las precauciones, las contraindicaciones, los resultados descritos en la literatura y las complicaciones frecuentes y poco frecuentes. Tras la descripción de las técnicas, se comparan los resultados de las técnicas endovasculares frente a la cirugía convencional (ligadura de cayado con o sin fleboextracción) y las técnicas endovasculares entre sí. Finalmente se proporciona una guía para la selección del mejor tratamiento en función de sus características y las del paciente, de sus indicaciones y de las limitaciones conocidas, de acuerdo a las últimas guías clínicas y revisiones. Conclusiones: El tratamiento endovascular se ha convertido en el estándar actual. Aunque las técnicas termoablativas son de primera indicación, los tratamientos no térmicos son una buena alternativa según el contexto clínico, y alguno, como el cianoacrilato, puede convertirse en terapia de primera elección en un futuro. Abstract: Introduction and objective: Chronic venous disease is the most common entity of vascular pathology and varicose veins originating in the saphenous trunks can cause significant morbidity. Endovascular treatment offers significant advantages, being at least as effective as surgery. Methods: Review of thermal (laser, radiofrequency, steam and microwave) and non-thermal (cyanoacrylate, ultrasound-guided foam and mechano-chemical) endovascular techniques in the treatment of superficial venous insufficiency based on existing literature and own experience. Results: Throughout the article, each of the techniques, their mechanism of action and the commercial devices available with standard use procedures are described. Likewise, the usual postoperative period for each of them, precautions, contraindications, results described in the literature, and frequent and uncommon complications are detailed. After the description of the techniques, the results of endovascular techniques are compared with conventional surgery (high ligation/stripping) and endovascular techniques with each other. Finally, a guide is provided for selecting the best treatment based on the characteristics of the patient, its indications and known limitations, according to the latest clinical guidelines and reviews. Conclusions: Endovascular treatment has become the current standard. Although thermoablative techniques are the first indication, non-thermal treatments are a good alternative depending on the clinical context and some such as cyanoacrylate may become first choice therapy in the future.

Resumen: La elevada prevalencia de la insuficiencia venosa ha derivado en un importante desarrollo en sus tratamientos. La cirugía abierta sigue siendo la técnica de elección en muchos centros por sus excelentes resultados y poca tasa de recidiva. El uso de las técnicas miniinvasivas aporta grandes beneficios al paciente con menos riesgo de complicaciones asociadas y una incorporación inmediata a la actividad laboral. Abordaremos la cirugía abierta, así como sus ventajas e inconvenientes en relación con otros procedimientos menos invasivos en el manejo de la insuficiencia venosa. Abstract: The high prevalence of venous insufficiency has led to an important development in its treatments. Open surgery continues to be the technique of choice in many centers due to its excellent results and low recurrence rate. The use of mini-invasive techniques provides great benefits to the patient with less risk of associated complications and an immediate return to work. We will talk about the open surgery as well as its advantages and disadvantages in relation to other less invasive procedures.

Resumen: El aneurisma de la aorta abdominal presenta una incidencia elevada en la población mayor de 60 años, y supone una importante causa de mortalidad. Los nuevos tratamientos endovasculares han permitido disminuir dicha mortalidad, además de tratar a mayor número de pacientes. Los resultados de la técnica endovascular (EVAR), tanto a nivel infrarrenal como suprarrenal, presenta menor morbimortalidad inicial con respecto a la cirugía abierta clásica (OR), sin embargo, las cifras se igualan a medio plazo, precisando la primera de un mayor seguimiento. Hacen falta más estudios rigurosos para determinar cuál de ambas técnicas es más coste/eficiente. Abstract: Abdominal aorta aneurysms present a high incidence in elderly population and are an important cause of morbi-mortality. The new endovascular aproach (EVAR) has allowed to treat an increasing number of patients, some of them not candidates for conventional surgery. Althouhg initial mortality with EVAR, in supra or infrarenal position, has been reduced, mid-term results are similar with both techniques. Larger and better registries are needed to determine the most cost/effective technique.

Resumen: La insuficiencia venosa representa un problema de salud frecuente en la población actual, con una gran repercusión en la calidad de vida del paciente. El diagnóstico temprano, así como el inicio de las medidas terapéuticas condiciona en gran medida su evolución y la repercusión a largo plazo sobre el paciente. Es por este motivo por el cual consideramos de vital interés un estudio exhaustivo de dicha entidad. En esta revisión nos centraremos en datos de interés clínico y diagnósticos relevantes. Abordaremos el tratamiento médico de dicha enfermedad y los posibles abordajes invasivos disponibles en la actualidad. Abstract: Venous insufficiency represents a frequent health problem in the current population, with a great impact on the patient's quality of life. Early diagnosis and early start of treatment determines the evolution and the long-term impact on the patient. That is why we consider that; an exhaustive study of this pathology can be of vital interest. In this review we will focus on data of clinical interest and relevant diagnostics. We will talk about the medical treatment of this disease and the possible invasive approaches currently available.

Resumen: El término enfermedad arterial periférica (EAP) se considera un término general que engloba una serie de síndromes arteriales no coronarios causados por la alteración de la estructura y la función de la aorta y las arterias periféricas debida principalmente a la ateroesclerosis, aunque hay otros procesos fisiopatológicos, como el tabaco, la diabetes, la hipertensión arterial y la hiperlipidemia. Para su diagnóstico contamos con métodos no invasivos, como el índice tobillo-brazo, que nos permite hacer además pronóstico y seguimiento de los pacientes con esta patología. Es importante realizar el diagnóstico diferencial, mediante la anamnesis y la exploración física, con otras patologías que generan claudicación intermitente, tales como patología radicular o patología osteomuscular. En cuanto al tratamiento médico, contamos con la modificación de los factores de riesgo, como primera medida, y posteriormente entramos en los fármacos antiagregantes y anticoagulantes, así como la terapia hipolipemiante con estatinas. Abstract: The term peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is considered a general term that encompasses a series of non-coronary arterial syndromes caused by alterations in the structure and function of the aorta and peripheral arteries, mainly due to atherosclerosis, although there are other physiopathological processes such as smoking, diabetes, arterial hypertension and hyperlipidaemia. For its diagnosis we have non-invasive methods such as the ankle-arm index that also allows us to make a prognosis and follow-up of patients with this pathology. It is important to make the differential diagnosis through anamnesis and physical examination, with other pathologies that generate intermittent claudication such as radicular pathology or musculoskeletal pathology. In terms of medical treatment, the first step is the modification of risk factors, followed by antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs and lipid-lowering therapy with statins.

Resumen: El segmento toracoabdominal es actualmente tratable por técnicas endovasculares, permitiendo tratar pacientes con riesgo quirúrgico más elevado. Exponemos las ventajas de las distintas configuraciones con fenestraciones o ramas. Existen en el mercado prótesis prefabricadas adecuadas para la mayoría de los pacientes. El conocimiento de las peculiaridades anatómicas del paciente nos permitirá seleccionar a los pacientes con un resultado adecuado a medio y largo plazo, así como elegir la prótesis más adecuada.La aplicación de técnicas asociadas de protección medular y de nefroprotección completan el abordaje integral del paciente. Abstract: The thoracoabdominal segment is currently treatable by endovascular techniques, making it possible to treat patients with higher surgical risk. We expose the advantages of the different configurations with fenestrations or branches. There are prefabricated prostheses on the market suitable for most patients. Knowledge of the patient's anatomical peculiarities will allow us to select patients with an adequate result in the medium and long term, as well as choose the most appropriate prosthesis.The application of associated spinal cord protection and nephroprotection techniques complete the comprehensive approach to the patient.

Antibodies targeting non-structural protein 1 (NS1) confer protection against Zika virus (ZIKV). Although monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) 3G2 and 4B8 are more potent than MAb 4F10 in suppressing ZIKV infection in neonatal mice models, the epitopes are unclear. Herein, we determined the Cryo-electron microscopy (Cryo-EM) structures of ZIKV NS1 in complex with five human antibodies at 2.6–2.9 Å resolution. Group I antibodies (3G2 and 4B8) recognize the previously unreported epitopes on the outer surface of the NS1 dimer. The unique binding mode of Group I antibodies led to a stronger recognition of the cell surface form of NS1 and completely inhibited secreted form non-structural protein 1 (sNS1)-induced endothelial permeability via their immunoglobulin G (IgG) and Fab. Group II antibodies (4F10, 2E11, and 14G5) recognize common epitopes in the distal end of the β-ladder domain, with a blockade efficiency that may be related to their affinity for the sNS1 protein and the presence of full-length IgG. These findings elucidate the correlation between epitope recognition and protective efficacy of anti-NS1 antibodies and highlight the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of 3G2 and 4B8.

The human microbiota, a diverse community of microorganisms living on or within their hosts, play an irreplaceable role in maintaining human health. Dysbiosis of the microbiota is associated with the pathogenesis of diverse human diseases. In recent years, growing evidence has been presented to support the substantial effect of human microbiota on the progression of infectious diseases. In this review, we describe the functional role of human microbiota in infectious diseases by highlighting their Janus-faced effects in the regulation of acute and chronic infections as well as their related co-morbidities. Thereafter, we review the latest advances elucidating the mechanisms underlying tri-directional interactions between the microbiota, hosts, and invading pathogens, with a further discussion on external environmental factors that shape this interconnected regulatory network. A better understanding of the regulatory functions and mechanisms of human microbiota in infectious diseases will facilitate the development of new diagnostic, preventive, and therapeutic approaches for infectious diseases.

Polydiacetylene (PDA) liposomes have been widely applied for detection due to their distinctive optical properties. However, the liquid phase in which PDA liposomes are dispersed generates several drawbacks, for instance, instability, compromise of detection sensitivity induced by dilution, and separation of target sampling and detection, making it inconvenient for application. In this paper, various functionalized PDA liposomes for detecting target were prepared, which were also immobilized into swelling microneedles to construct a solid-phase detection system. The PDA liposomes-complexed microneedles (PDA/MNs) enable the integration of target sampling and detection in one platform. The effects of the dispersing matrix phase on the detection sensitivity of PDA liposomes were systematically investigated from both environmental and chemical perspectives. PDA/MNs exhibited higher sensitivity than their counterparts in liquid phase. PDA/MNs were optimized and validated for lead ion (Pb2+) and sialic acid (SA) detections. For Pb2+ detection, the limit of detection (LOD) of the PDA/MNs was 13.7 μM and 2.5 times lower than the liquid phase. For SA detection, the LOD of the PDA/MNs was 0.83 μM and 1.7 times lower than the liquid phase. The results suggested that such PDA/MNs were validated to provide a label-free, stable, sensitive, and convenient tool in an all-in-one manner for physiologic target detection.

Resumen: Introducción: La inteligencia artificial (IA), a través de herramientas como ChatGPT, está transformando la educación superior con cada vez más estudiantes y docentes que incorporan IA en práctica diaria. En esta línea, nuevos desafíos emergen en el ámbito educativo, donde la necesidad de un equilibrio entre eficiencia y originalidad, y un análisis profundo con un enfoque en la integridad académica es requerido. Objetivo: El presente artículo discute la relación entre la IA e integridad académica en educación superior, y describe el proceso de desarrollo de una declaración de integridad académica adaptada al uso de IA. Metodología: Incluye análisis de herramientas de IA relevantes y evaluaciones por expertos, se propone un marco para la adopción ética y responsable de la IA. Resultados: muestran una integración efectiva de la declaración en trabajos académicos, fomentando la transparencia y la honestidad. Discusión y Conclusión: resalta la variabilidad en la adopción de la declaración según los niveles académicos, sugiriendo la necesidad de un enfoque más personalizado. En conclusión, se debería enfatizar el rol de la declaración en la promoción de prácticas éticas y en la preparación de futuros desafíos en la intersección de tecnología y educación. Abstract: Introduction: Artificial intelligence (AI), through tools like ChatGPT, is transforming higher education with more and more students and teachers incorporating AI into daily practice. Along these lines, new challenges emerge in the educational field, where the need for a balance between efficiency and originality, and a deep analysis with a focus on academic integrity is required. Aims: This article discusses the relationship between AI and academic integrity in higher education and describes the process of developing an academic integrity statement adapted to the use of AI. Methodology: Using a methodology that includes analysis of relevant AI tools and expert evaluations, a framework for the ethical and responsible adoption of AI is proposed. Results: The results show an effective integration of the statement in academic works, promoting transparency and honesty. Discussion and Conclusions: The discussion highlights the variability in adoption of the statement across academic levels, suggesting the need for a more personalized approach. In conclusion, the role of the declaration in promoting ethical practices and preparing for future challenges at the intersection of technology and education should be emphasized.

Resumen: En la educación superior, se espera que los estudiantes ingresen con un conjunto de estrategias de aprendizaje que les permitan lograr el éxito académico de manera autónoma. Sin embargo, en la práctica, prevalece un enfoque de aprendizaje memorístico, lo que resulta en dificultades para resolver problemas, organizar ideas y planificar sus estudios. Además, los docentes continúan empleando principalmente una enseñanza expositiva y actividades pasivas obstaculizando el desarrollo de las estrategias de aprendizaje. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la evolución de las estrategias de aprendizaje de los estudiantes del área de la salud en relación con la carga metodológica activa de los docentes durante un año académico. Se realizó un estudio cuasiexperimental, con la participación de 184 estudiantes de primer año de 3 carreras de la salud. Se efectuó una intervención metodológica docente durante el segundo semestre en dos de las tres carreras, se midió el tiempo de interacción activa durante ambos semestres de todas las clases de primer año. Se aplicó el test ACRA abreviado antes y después de una intervención metodológica realizada por los docentes, y los datos se compararon con una carrera control. El análisis de los datos involucró estadísticas descriptivas e inferenciales, incluyendo t-Student, y regresión mixta. Los resultados demostraron que las estrategias de aprendizaje de carreras experimentales sufrieron cambios significativos en respuesta al aumento de metodologías y actividades docentes participativas. Se concluye que la implementación de una metodología activa y participativa se relaciona con un aumento en la diversidad y frecuencia de uso de estrategias de aprendizaje. Abstract: Students are expected to enter higher education with a set of learning strategies that will allow them to achieve academic success on their own. In practice, however, a memorization-based learning approach prevails, causing students to struggle with problem-solving, organizing ideas, and planning their studies.Furthermore, instructors continue to rely heavily on lecture-based instruction and passive activities, stifling the development of effective learning strategies. The aim of this study was to assess the evolution of learning strategies among health sciences students in relation to the active methodological load imposed by instructors over the course of an academic year. A quasi-experimental study was conducted with 184 first-year students from three health science programs. Teacher methodological intervention occurred during the second semester in two of the three programs, and the time of active interaction was measured for all first-year classes during both semesters. The instructors administered the abbreviated ACRA test before and after a methodological intervention, and the data were compared to a control program. The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, such as t-Student tests and mixed regression. The findings showed that learning strategies in experimental programs changed significantly as the use of participatory teaching methodologies and activities increased. It is concluded that the use of active and participatory methodologies is associated with an increase in the variety and frequency of learning strategies used.

Resumen: Introducción: Durante la pandemia COVID-19, la enseñanza remota proporcionó valiosas lecciones sobre el uso de la tecnología, aplicables al retorno a la enseñanza presencial. La educación híbrida emerge como una solución a las limitaciones en la disponibilidad de recursos docentes y experiencias prácticas para la adquisición de competencias clínicas en Ciencias de la Salud. Este estudio describe una estrategia de entrenamiento de habilidades clínicas mediante una plataforma orientada al feedback, tras el regreso a la enseñanza presencial en Kinesiología. Métodos: La metodología implica sesiones de entrenamiento autónomo con feedback asincrónico, donde los estudiantes son evaluados y retroalimentados por un instructor mediante la demostración de la habilidad en formato de video. Se analizó la extensión del entrenamiento, el desempeño y la valoración de la metodología, así como la mejora de las habilidades de los estudiantes y su transferencia a exámenes presenciales. Resultados: En total, se entrenaron cuarenta y dos habilidades clínicas de pregrado de Kinesiología. Los resultados enfatizan la entrega de feedback individualizado a todos los estudiantes, mejora significativa de sus desempeños y valoración positiva de la estrategia. Conclusiones: El entrenamiento remoto facilitó la práctica deliberada de habilidades clínicas en los estudiantes, ofreciendo oportunidades para el entrenamiento autónomo guiado por pares previo a la supervisión docente. Abstract: Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic, remote teaching provided valuable insights into technology use, applicable on return to in-person education. Hybrid education emerges as a solution to limitations in faculty resources and practical experiences for acquiring clinical competencies in Health Sciences. This study describes a clinical skills training strategy using a feedback oriented platform, following the return to in-person education in Physiotherapy. Methods: The methodology involves autonomous training sessions with asynchronous feedback, where students are assessed and provided feedback by an instructor through video demonstrations of skills. The extent of student training, performance, learning strategy appreciation, skill improvement and skill transfer to in-person exams were analyzed. Results: In total, forty-two undergraduate Physical Therapy clinical skills were trained. Results emphasize individualized feedback delivery to all students, significant performance improvement, and positive strategy appreciation. Conclusions: Remote training facilitated deliberate practice of clinical skills in students, offering opportunities for autonomous, peer-guided training prior to faculty supervision.

Resumen: Introducción: Entre el 30% y el 50% de las prescripciones anuales de antimicrobianos son incorrectas o innecesarias, potenciando el desarrollo de resistencia bacteriana. Se ha propuesto enfatizar su uso responsable en pregrado. Sin embargo, los docentes generalmente no manejan estrategias efectivas para ello. Objetivos: i. Desarrollar el diseño instruccional, guiado por la teoría de carga cognitiva, de un módulo de enseñanza-aprendizaje para la promoción del uso responsable de antimicrobianos. ii. Evaluar el impacto educacional del módulo en estudiantes de tercer año de odontología. Métodos: Investigación-acción y metodología mixta en cuatro fases: i. identificación de necesidades y objetivos de aprendizaje; ii. diseño instruccional guiado por la teoría de carga cognitiva; iii. implementación del módulo y; iv. evaluación del impacto educacional en los estudiantes utilizando encuestas de satisfacción, autorreportes de alcance de objetivos de aprendizaje y de una prueba pre-post de conocimientos. Se realizó un análisis estadístico descriptivo y analítico (test Wilcoxon) y de contenido cualitativo. Resultados: Se diseñó un módulo de antimicrobianos en Canvas (LMS), asignando tiempo protegido para estudio y una jornada presencial. Se evaluó el impacto educacional en 48 estudiantes. La encuesta de satisfacción reportó resultados positivos en sus 10 ítems (mínimo 81,3%). Tanto los resultados de autorreportes de alcance de 7 objetivos de aprendizaje como de la prueba pre-post de 18 preguntas fueron estadísticamente significativos (p

Resumen: Introducción: La identificación de los factores que determinan el éxito académico puede ayudar a diseñar estrategias efectivas para su mejora. El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar predictores asociados al éxito académico en estudiantes de pregrado de Nutrición y Dietética de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (PUC). Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo utilizando la base de datos institucional. La variable dependiente primaria fue el éxito académico, considerando dos índices: i) promedio ponderado acumulado final (PPA-f) y; ii) graduación oportuna, definida como graduarse en ≤10 semestres. Las variables predictoras fueron: edad, sexo, región de origen, tipo de establecimiento escolar, puntaje en la Prueba de Selección Universitaria (PSU), vía de admisión y posición de preferencia de admisión. Para identificar los predictores del PPA-f se utilizó regresión lineal por pasos y para las variables asociadas a la graduación oportuna se utilizó regresión logística binaria. Resultados: El puntaje PSU fue el único predictor del PPA-f, explicando 24% de la varianza. Las probabilidades (OR [IC 95%]) de tener una graduación oportuna estuvieron influenciadas por puntaje PSU (1,017 [1,003–1,031]) y vía de admisión (PSU 1,00 [Referencia], Equidad 0,30 [0,10–0,96], Especial 0,46 [0,13–1,57]). Conclusiones e implicancias: El puntaje PSU predice parcialmente el éxito académico de estudiantes de Nutrición y Dietética PUC. Además, los estudiantes que ingresaron mediante la vía de admisión equidad tuvieron menores probabilidades de graduarse oportunamente. Debido a que las desigualdades educativas pueden afectar el éxito académico, es necesario abordar el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje con estrategias específicas para estos estudiantes, asegurando así su éxito académico. Abstract: Introduction: Identifying the factors that determine academic success can help design strategies focused on increasing academic success. We aimed to identify predictors associated with academic success in undergraduate students of the Nutrition and Dietetics Program of the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (PUC). Methods: Retrospective study using the institutional database. Academic success was the main outcome, including two indexes: i) final grade point average (GPA-f) and; ii) timely graduation, defined as graduating in ≤10 semesters. Candidate predictors were: age, sex, region of origin, school attended, score at the university selection test (PSU-score), admission route, and preference for the program. Stepwise linear regression was used to identify predictors of GPA-f. Binary logistic regression was used to identify variables associated with timely graduation. Results: PSU-score was the only predictor of GPA, explaining 24% of its variance. The odds (OR [95%CI]) for a timely graduation were influenced by PSU-score (1.017 [1.003–1.031]) and admission route (PSU 1.00 [Reference], Inclusive 0.30 [0.10–0.96], Special 0.46 [0.13–1.57]). Conclusions and implications: PSU-score partially predicts the academic success of Nutrition and Dietetics students. In addition, students who accessed the program by the equity admission had lower odds of a timely graduation. As educational inequalities may affect academic success, the teaching and learning process needs to be addressed with specific strategies for these students to ensure academic success.

Resumen: Introducción: La toma de decisiones durante las prácticas clínicas implica una serie de procesos mentales interrelacionados como la memoria de trabajo, el control inhibitorio, la flexibilidad cognitiva y la regulación emocional, que influyen en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje. Objetivo: Analizar el proceso de toma de decisiones en los estudiantes de Obstetricia y Puericultura de la Universidad de Antofagasta, Chile durante las prácticas clínicas en campos docente-asistenciales desde la neuroeducación. Método: Se realizó una investigación cualitativa exploratoria por medio de entrevistas semiestructuradas a 16 estudiantes mujeres. Los relatos fueron analizados a través de la teoría fundamentada. Resultados: Las experiencias vividas y los saberes alcanzados permitieron la consolidación de la memoria y sustentaron las decisiones correctas frente a los pacientes. La adaptación ante situaciones nuevas, eventos adversos e incidentes críticos fue condicionada por la supervisión del docente, al igual que la atención sostenida durante la toma de decisiones en entornos reales. Las emociones negativas predominaron desde el comienzo y al final de todos los procesos de decisión. Conclusión: Dado que la toma de decisiones es un proceso complejo que implica una sinergia entre la memoria de trabajo, la flexibilidad cognitiva, el control inhibitorio y la regulación emocional, independiente de la temporalidad, es recomendable fomentar una docencia sustentada en la neuroeducación, porque permite al docente comprender los procesos mentales de los estudiantes, favorecer un clima educativo armónico y fortalecer las competencias pedagógicas Abstract: Introduction: Decision-making during clinical practices involves a series of interrelated mental processes such as working memory, inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility and emotional regulation, which influence the teaching and learning process. Objective: To analyze the decision-making process in Obstetrics and Childcare students of the Universidad de Antofagasta, Chile during clinical practices in teaching-assistance fields from the neuroeducation. Method: An exploratory qualitative research was carried out through semi-structured interviews with 16 female students. The narratives were analyzed through grounded theory. Results: The experiences and knowledge gained allowed the consolidation of the memory and supported correct decisions in front of the patients. Adaptation to new situations, adverse events and critical incidents was conditioned by the teacher's supervision, as well as sustained attention during decision making in real environments. Negative emotions predominated from the beginning and at the end of all decision-making processes. Conclusion: Since decision-making is a complex process that involves a synergy between working memory, cognitive flexibility, inhibitory control and emotional regulation, independent of temporality, it is therefore advisable to promote teaching based on neuroeducation, because it allows the teacher to understand the mental processes of students, to favor a harmonic educational climate and to strengthen pedagogical skills.

Resumen: La pandemia por COVID-19 generó nuevos desafíos en la atención neonatal. La necesidad de mantener la distancia física para prevenir su propagación se tradujo en una tendencia a nivel mundial a limitar la presencia de las madres y los padres dentro de las unidades de cuidado neonatal, lo que redujo los momentos de encuentro con su bebé. El presente artículo tiene por objetivo compartir la experiencia clínica de trabajo en una unidad de neonatología en torno a la atención biopsicosocial del recién nacido hospitalizado y su familia, así como exponer las adaptaciones realizadas a ésta durante los primeros meses de la pandemia. Se discute la necesidad de continuar generando políticas públicas y de elaborar protocolos centrados en la familia, que permitan proteger la relación bebé-cuidador/a y dar continuidad a una atención neonatal basada en la promoción del neurodesarrollo del recién nacido, especialmente en contextos sanitarios de alta complejidad. Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic generated new challenges in neonatal care. The need to maintain physical distance to prevent its spread resulted in a worldwide tendency to limit the presence of mothers and fathers in neonatal units, reducing the time spent with their baby. The aim of this article is to share the clinical experience in a neonatology with regards to the biopsychosocial care of hospitalized newborns and their families as well as present the adaptations made during the first months of the pandemic. The need to continue generating public policies and create family-centered protocols to protect the infant-caregiver relationship in order to provide continuity to neonatal care based on the promotion of neurodevelopment of the newborn, especially in highly complex health contexts, is discussed.

Resumen: Introducción: Conocer las diferencias en los procesos de autorregulación del aprendizaje en estudiantes de nivel técnico superior es clave para la mejora de la formación en los institutos técnicos profesionales. Sin embargo, no se han reportado estudios previos que aborden esta temática en este grupo poblacional. Para dar respuesta a esta problemática se propone como objetivo general analizar las diferencias en los procesos de autorregulación del aprendizaje en estudiantes chilenos de nivel técnico superior según el género y el nivel de estudio. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal en una muestra de 84 estudiantes inscritos en un instituto de educación técnica en Santiago de Chile. Se utilizó el cuestionario de evaluación de fases de autorregulación para recolectar la información de las variables. Se realizaron análisis estadísticos descriptivos, se calcularon los coeficientes de asimetría y curtosis y se utilizó la prueba U de Mann Whitney la prueba t de Student para comparación de los grupos. Resultados: De los 259 estudiantes contactados, participaron 84 (edad media 23,8 ± 7,4 años, 91,7% mujeres). La media de la autorregulación del aprendizaje fue alta y más positiva entre los varones 293,6 (SD = 64,8) que entre las mujeres 292,4 (SD = 45,0). No hubo diferencias significativas en la autorregulación del aprendizaje por género (U = 704). Tampoco hubo diferencias significativas en esta variable por semestre (t = 9993, IC 95% = −20,5-20,3). Conclusiones: Los resultados amplían nuestra comprensión de la autorregulación del aprendizaje en estudiantes de nivel técnico superior. En el futuro, deberían estudiarse más a fondo las relaciones entre la autorregulación del aprendizaje de los estudiantes y el género. Abstract: Introduction: Self-regulated learning is associated with educational and demographic variables. However, few studies have associated gender with study profiles of self-regulated learning (SRL) in a population of students attending a technical education institute. To address the gaps in previous self-regulated learning profile research, the current study describes the levels of self-regulated learning in students attending odontology courses at a technical education institute. We also analyze the possible relationship between gender and SRL, and we identify the self-regulated learning differences between 2nd and 4th semester students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 84 students enrolled in a professional technical institution in Santiago, Chile. The self-regulated learninǵs questionnaire was used for data collection. Statistical analysis of self-regulated learning included central tendency (mean), step-to-step variability (standard deviation), and distribution (skewness and kurtosis). The Mann-Whitney U test and the Student's t-test were calculated to compare groups. Results: Out of 259 contacted students, 84 students (mean age 23.8 ± 7.4 years, 91.7% female) participated. The self-regulated learning average was high and more positive among males (293.6 SD = 64.8) than females (292.4 SD = 45.0). There were no significant differences in self-regulated learning between students's genders (U = 704). There were not any significant differences in this variable by semester either (t = 9993, 95% CI = −20.5-20.3). Conclusions: The results expand our understanding of self-regulated learning for students enrolled in a Technical Education Institute. In the future, the relationship between the students’ self-regulated learning and gender should be studied further..

Resumen: Introducción: La comunicación es clave en Terapia Ocupacional y su efectividad afecta hasta un 20% en los resultados terapéuticos. Se debe desarrollar a lo largo de la formación y carrera profesional, constituyendo las prácticas profesionales un periodo crítico. Este estudio explora opiniones y percepciones sobre la importancia y desempeño de la competencia de comunicación en estudiantes de Terapia Ocupacional durante sus prácticas profesionales. Metodología: Diseño mixto secuencial explicativo, transversal, de alcance descriptivo, en el que participaron 32 docentes a través de una encuesta online y entrevistas individuales. Resultados: Los elementos más relevantes con relación a la competencia de comunicación son: acuerdo sobre planes y problemas, información, perspectiva del paciente y empatía. Además, los docentes encontraron que el desempeño de la competencia en los estudiantes mejora al finalizar la práctica profesional. Discusiones: La importancia de la comunicación es ampliamente reconocida por los participantes, sin embargo, existen diferencias en su valoración. Factores personales, curriculares y habilidades docentes pueden influir en el desempeño. Se sugiere incorporarla en el currículum desde el inicio de la formación. Conclusiones: Las habilidades comunicativas son fundamentales para los terapeutas ocupacionales, especialmente durante sus prácticas profesionales. Se debe fomentar su desarrollo de manera continua para que los estudiantes adquieran habilidades comunicativas claras y efectivas que favorezcan el éxito terapéutico. Abstract: Introduction: Communication is key in Occupational Therapy and its effectiveness affects up to 20% of therapeutic results. It must be developed throughout the occupational therapists training and professional career, with internships being a critical period for the acquisition of these skills. This study explores opinions and perceptions about the importance and performance of communication competencies in Occupational Therapy students during their professional internships. Methodology: Mixed sequential explanatory cross-sectional design, with a descriptive scope, in which 32 teachers participated through an online survey and individual interviews. Results: The most relevant elements in relation to communication competence are: agreement on plans and problems, information, patient perspective and empathy. In addition, teachers found that the performance of communication competence in students improves at the end of professional internship. Discussions: Communication competence is important, but there are differences in its assessment. Personal, curricular factors and teaching skills can influence performance. It is suggested to incorporate it into the curriculum from the beginning of training. Conclusions: Communication competence is essential for occupational therapists, especially during their professional internships. Its continuous development should be encouraged so that students acquire clear and effective communication skills that promote therapeutic success.

Resumen: Introducción: La tormenta tiroidea se caracteriza por síntomas exagerados de hipertiroidismo, pudiendo ocasionar falla multiorgánica y paro cardiorrespiratorio. Es un fenómeno poco frecuente, pero con elevada mortalidad. Caso clínico: hombre de 35 años, sin antecedentes, con cuadro de 2 semanas de palpitaciones y epigastralgia, que en 24 horas presenta exacerbación importante, agregándose náuseas y diaforesis. En el traslado a urgencias presenta paro cardiorrespiratorio por asistolia, cursando posteriormente con falla multiorgánica durante su hospitalización. En base a antecedentes otorgados por la familia de una clínica hipertiroidea reciente, se plantea posible diagnóstico de tormenta tiroidea. Se ordenan pruebas tiroideas, resultando en T4 libre mayor a 7,7 ng/dl y TSH menor a 0,005 μUI/ml. Se maneja con tiamazol, hidrocortisona y propranolol, evolucionando favorablemente. Discusión y Conclusión: Es necesario un diagnóstico oportuno, pues un manejo y detección precoz disminuye complicaciones y mortalidad. Una vez sospechada, deben iniciarse medidas de reanimación y tratamiento farmacológico que disminuya los efectos de hormonas tiroideas. Abstract: Introduction: A thyroid storm is a rare but highly lethal disease. It is characterized by exaggerated symptoms of hyperthyroidism, and it can lead to multiorgan failure and cardiopulmonary arrest. Case Report: A 35-year-old man with no prior medical history presented with a two-week history of palpitations and epigastric pain, which abruptly worsened over 24 hours, accompanied by nausea and diaphoresis. During transportation to the emergency department, he experienced cardiopulmonary arrest and multiorgan failure during his hospitalization. Family reported recent hyperthyroid symptoms led to the consideration of a thyroid storm diagnosis. Thyroid function tests revealed a free T4 level greater than 7.7 ng/dl and a TSH level less than 0.005 μIU/ml. The patient was treated with thiamazole, hydrocortisone, and propranolol, showing favorable progression. Discussion and Conclusion: Opportune diagnosis of a thyroid storm is crucial, as early management and detection reduce complications and mortality. Once suspected, resuscitation measures and pharmacological treatment should be initiated to mitigate the effects of thyroid hormones.

Resumen: Introducción: La educación interprofesional (EIP) es crucial para la formación de futuros profesionales de la salud, fomentando la colaboración y el trabajo en equipo entre disciplinas. Este estudio analiza las percepciones sobre la EIP de estudiantes y docentes en asignaturas de primer año en carreras de Ciencias de la Salud, utilizando una metodología de Aprendizaje-Servicio (A-S) desarrollada en línea durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Metodología: Se implementó un enfoque de metodología mixta secuencial que involucró a 88 estudiantes y 12 docentes de las carreras de Terapia Ocupacional, Kinesiología, Nutrición y Dietética y Fonoaudiología. Resultados: Los resultados revelaron diferencias significativas en la disposición hacia la educación interprofesional después de la intervención, especialmente en estudiantes de Nutrición y Dietética. Además, el análisis cualitativo destacó la favorable percepción de estudiantes y docentes hacia la EIP en modalidad virtual. Las habilidades clave, como interacción, comunicación, compromiso, respeto y empatía, fueron resaltadas. La triangulación de datos cualitativos y cuantitativos mostró convergencia en las categorías de “trabajo en equipo” y “centrado en el paciente”. Conclusión: Este estudio respalda la importancia de la EIP en la formación de pregrado de profesionales de la salud, incluso en entornos virtuales. Los estudiantes demostraron una excelente disposición y enfoque centrado en el paciente. Estos hallazgos subrayan la necesidad de continuar desarrollando programas de EIP en el pregrado, equipando a los estudiantes con habilidades y competencias esenciales para su futuro profesional. Abstract: Introduction: Interprofessional education (IPE) is crucial for the training of future health professionals, promoting collaboration and teamwork between disciplines. This study analyzes the perceptions about IPE of students and teachers in first year health sciences courses, using a Service Learning (S-L) methodology, which was conducted online during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: A sequential mixed-method approach was implemented involving 88 students and 12 faculty members from Occupational Therapy, Physiotherapy, Nutrition and Dietetics, and Speech Therapy. Results: The findings revealed significant differences in the disposition towards interprofessional learning and interprofessional education after the intervention, especially in Nutrition and Dietetics students. Furthermore, the qualitative analysis highlighted the favorable perception of students and teachers towards IPE in virtual mode. Key skills such as interaction, communication, commitment, respect, and empathy were highlighted. The triangulation of qualitative and quantitative data showed convergence in “teamwork” and “patient-centeredness”. Conclusion: This study supports the importance of IPE in the undergraduate training of health professionals, even in virtual environments like the present. Students demonstrated an excellent disposition and patient-centered approach. These findings underscore the need to continue developing undergraduate IPE programs, equipping students with skills and competencies for their future professional careers.

Resumen: La neuroeducación permite comprender el proceso de aprendizaje desde la neurociencia. Este conocimiento facilita a los académicos entender la importancia de las emociones y de las funciones ejecutivas en el aprendizaje. A partir de este fundamento neurocientífico, este artículo aborda las principales características de los procesos cerebrales que se dan en metodologías activas. Ello permite al lector valorar su importancia y comprender por qué las metodologías activas deben ser consideradas como metodologías de primera elección para el logro de aprendizajes profundos. De manera particular, se revisa la estrategia de la simulación clínica alineada con las metodologías activas utilizadas en la formación de profesionales de la salud. A modo de conclusión, se releva la importancia de la neuroeducación para una implementación efectiva y consciente de la simulación clínica, no sólo desde la técnica de la ejecución, sino desde la fundamentación neurocientífica, permitiendo el óptimo beneficio por parte de los estudiantes del área de la salud. Abstract: Neuroeducation allows us to understand the learning process from a neuroscience standpoint. This knowledge makes it easier for academics to understand the importance of emotions and executive functions in learning. Based on this neuroscientific foundation, this article addresses the main characteristics of the brain processes that occur in active methodologies. This allows the reader to assess their importance and understand why active methodologies should be considered first choice methodologies for achieving deep learning. In particular, the clinical simulation strategy is reviewed, aligned with the active methodologies used in the training of health professionals. In conclusion, the importance of neuroeducation is highlighted for an effective and conscious implementation of clinical simulation, not only from the execution technique, but also from the neuroscientific foundation, which allows optimal benefit on the part of the students in the area of health.

Resumen: En respuesta a la creciente implementación de la telesalud a nivel mundial para cerrar las brechas en el acceso a la salud, la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) subraya la importancia de definir competencias para los profesionales de la salud en este campo. Este artículo presenta los resultados de una revisión bibliográfica que identifica los dominios de competencias en telesalud para fortalecer las habilidades de los profesionales sanitarios. Los resultados fueron analizados categorizando los dominios de competencias de manera sistemática en macrodominios que abarcan aspectos clave de la práctica en telesalud, como la aplicabilidad, el cuidado clínico remoto, la comunicación, el trabajo en red, la gestión, el profesionalismo, las tecnologías de la información y los aspectos éticos y legales. Estos hallazgos, respaldados por las recomendaciones de la OMS, ofrecen una base sólida para diseñar programas de formación en telesalud y pueden adaptarse a contextos locales, facilitando la elaboración de políticas y estrategias para mejorar la calidad y accesibilidad de la atención médica en entornos remotos o desatendidos. Abstract: In response to the increasing worldwide implementation of telehealth with the intent of closing the gaps in access to health, the World Health Organization (WHO) stresses the importance of defining competencies for health professionals in this field. This article presents the results of a literature review that identifies telehealth competency domains that strengthen the skills of health professionals. The results were analysed by categorizing the competency domains systematically into macrodomains that encompasskeyaspectsoftelehealthpractice; suchas applicability, remote clinical care, communication, networking, management, professionalism, information technologies, and ethical and legal aspects. These findings, supported by WHO recommendations, provide a solid basis for designing telehealth training programs and can be adapted to local contexts, facilitating the development of policies and strategies to improve the quality and accessibility of health care in remote or underserved settings.

Resumen: Introducción: La prevalencia del burnout en los primeros años de formación médica alcanza niveles preocupantes, pudiendo impactar negativamente en el aprendizaje y desarrollo académico de los estudiantes. La meditación ha demostrado potencial para reducir los niveles de estrés, mejorar la atención y la memoria, y promover el bienestar emocional. Objetivo: Analizar el estado del arte de la literatura respecto al impacto de las intervenciones basadas en la meditación sobre las funciones cognitivas afectadas por el burnout en los estudiantes de Medicina. Método: Se llevó a cabo una revisión exploratoria siguiendo las directrices PRISMA de los estudios encontrados en PubMed y Scopus, incluyendo un total de 41 registros. Resultados: Los estudios muestran que el burnout aparece en los primeros años de formación médica. Aunque la literatura reporta afecciones en funciones cognitivas como atención, memoria de trabajo, funciones ejecutivas, hay poca evidencia sobre el impacto en la formación de médicos. Conclusión: La meditación presenta evidencia de control tanto del burnout como de funciones cognitivas, pero se requiere de mayor número de estudios como de una sistematización de la evidencia para obtener resultados concluyentes en estudiantes de Medicina. Abstract: Introduction: The prevalence of burnout in the early years of medical training is a cause for concern and can negatively impact the learning and academic development of students. Meditation has been shown to be a set of techniques with the potential to reduce stress levels, improve attention and memory, and promote psychological well-being. Objective: This study aims to analyze the current state of literature regarding the impact of meditation-based interventions on cognitive functions in medical students affected by burnout. Method: A scoping review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines, examining studies found in PubMed and Scopus, which resulted in a total of 41 records. Results: The studies indicate that burnout levels are established early in medical training. Although the literature reports impairments in cognitive functions such as attention, working memory, and executive functions, there is limited evidence regarding the impact on medical training itself. Conclusion: Meditation shows promise in controlling both burnout and cognitive functions; however, a greater number of studies and a systematic review of the evidence are needed to obtain conclusive results for medical students.

Resumen: Introducción: La lipoatrofia facial carece de criterios clínicos estándar para su diagnóstico y tratamiento; sin embargo, los pacientes con atrofia hemifacial aumentan afectando la salud mental de los pacientes que la padecen. El lipoinjerto se ha rescatado como una opción de tratamiento eficaz y seguro. Objetivo: Mostrar los resultados de la restauración volumétrica autóloga en pacientes con hemiatrofia adiposa facial. Método: Estudio multicéntrico, descriptivo, longitudinal y prospectivo realizado en 29 pacientes atendidos en el Hospital Hermanos Ameijeiras, Cuba y en la clínica EIMEC, España en el período julio 2018 a julio 2023. Se incluyeron ambos sexos, entre 19 y 75 años, con asimetría facial por disminución unilateral del tejido celular subcutáneo. Resultados: La edad media fue 47,9 años. Predominaron las mujeres con 79,3%. Predominaron la etiología idiopática, autoinmune y trauma orbitario con 17,2% cada uno. Según el grado de severidad fue mayor el grado II con 65,5%, el grado III representó el 34,5% del total. Respecto a la cantidad de tejido adiposo injertado en 62,1% fue de 31 a 60 ml y en 27,6% mayor de 60 ml. Según el número de aplicaciones del injerto el 72,4% requirió una y el 27,6% dos aplicaciones. El 93,1% no presentaron complicaciones y el 6,9% refirieron reabsorción del 50% del injerto. El 100% los pacientes refirió satisfacción con el procedimiento y los resultados fueron evaluados como buenos; al presentar mejoría, ausencia de complicaciones y satisfacción del paciente, en el 86,21%. Conclusión: La lipotransferencia autóloga asistida con células madre del tejido adiposo constituye una opción de tratamiento seguro que ofrece buenos resultados en la corrección de la asimetría causada por lipoatrofia hemifacial. Abstract: Introduction: Facial lipoatrophy lacks standard clinical criteria for its diagnosis and treatment; however, patients with hemifacial atrophy increase, affecting the mental health of patients who suffer from it. Lipografting has been rescued as an effective and safe treatment option. Objective: To show the results of autologous volumetric restoration in patients with facial adipose hemiatrophy. Method: Multicenter, descriptive, longitudinal and prospective study carried out on 29 patients treated at the Hermanos Ameijeiras Hospital, Cuba and the EIMEC clinic, Spain in the period from July 2018 to July 2023. Both sexes were included, between 19 and 75 years old, with facial asymmetry due to unilateral decrease in subcutaneous cellular tissue. Results: The average age was 47.9 years. Women predominated with 79.3%. The most common etiologies were idiopathic, autoimmune and orbital trauma, each accounting for 17.2%. According to the degree of severity, grade II was the highest, with 65.5%, and grade III represented 34.5% of the total. Regarding the amount of grafted adipose tissue, 62.1% of the cases were 31 to 60 ml, and 27.6% more than 60 ml. According to the number of graft applications, 72.4% required one and 27.6% two applications. 93.1% had no complications and 6.9% reported 50% reabsorption of the graft. Patient satisfaction reached 100% and the results were classified as good in 86.21%; when there was improvement, without complications as well as patient satisfaction. Conclusion: Autologous lipotransfer assisted with adipose tissue stem cells is a safe treatment option that offers good results in correcting asymmetry caused by hemifacial lipoatrophy.

Resumen: Introducción: El estudio examina las percepciones de la integridad académica entre estudiantes de primer año de carreras de salud en una universidad chilena. Método: Se realizó un análisis cualitativo utilizando talleres de discusión con estudiantes de Medicina, Enfermería, Kinesiología y de Nutrición y Dietética. Resultados: Se identificaron cuatro categorías de análisis principales: concepto de integridad académica, motivos para la pérdida de integridad, buenas prácticas y relación con el perfil de egreso. Los resultados muestran una comprensión de la integridad académica, que se fundamenta en valores como honestidad y respeto. Los motivos para la pérdida de integridad incluyen presiones académicas y sociales, así como preocupaciones por el bienestar y la salud mental. Se identificaron buenas prácticas tanto a nivel personal como académico y social, destacando la importancia de la construcción del “ser”, poner límites y favorecer la participación en grupos sociales positivos. La relación entre la integridad académica y el perfil de egreso destaca en su relevancia para la formación profesional y la construcción de una identidad ética institucional. Conclusiones: En conjunto, estos hallazgos resaltan la necesidad de fomentar estrategias que promuevan una cultura universitaria comprometida con la integridad académica. Abstract: Introduction: This study aimed to examine perceptions of academic integrity among first-year health career students at a Chilean university. Method: A qualitative analysis was conducted using discussion forums with students from Medicine, Nursing, Kinesiology, and Nutrition and Dietetics. Results: Four main categories were identified: concept of academic integrity, motives for the loss of integrity, good practices, and relationship with the graduate profile. The results reveal an understanding of academic integrity that is grounded in values such as honesty and respect. The reasons for the loss of integrity include academic and social pressures, along with concerns about well-being and mental health.Good practices were identified at personal as well as academic and social levels, emphasizing the importance of the construction of the “being”, setting boundaries, and promoting participation in positive social groups. The relationship between academic integrity and graduate profiles is underscored in its relevance to professional training and the construction of an institutional ethical identity.Overall, these findings highlight the need to promote strategies that cultivate a university culture committed to academic integrity.

Resumen: Introducción: La ideación suicida es un factor de riesgo común asociado al suicidio y un importante indicador para su prevención. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir la tasa de atención de urgencia por ideación suicida en la población atendida en la red pública de salud de Chile durante los años 2020 al 2022. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo con base en registros del Departamento de Estadísticas e Información en Salud, de beneficiarios con atención de urgencia por ideación suicida. Se estimó la tasa de atención de urgencia por ideación suicida a nivel país, zona geográfica, y proporción de atenciones por grupo de edad, tipo de establecimiento de salud y mes de ocurrencia. Se aplicó la prueba Chi2 de Pearson en STATA versión 14. Resultados: Se registraron 15 325 atenciones de urgencia por ideación suicida en el periodo estudiado. El 2020, la tasa fue 0,03 × 10 000 habitantes y 5,8 × 10 000 habitantes el 2022, mayor en zona central. Predominó la atención del grupo de 15 a 64 años y en hospital (p

Resumen: Introducción: El bienestar en estudiantes durante la pandemia de COVID-19, y su relación con factores personales y académicos, ha sido ampliamente estudiado. Sin embargo, hay pocos estudios sobre este fenómeno en docentes. Objetivo: Evaluar la relación de las condiciones ocupacionales con el bienestar laboral de los docentes, en términos de su pasión laboral (engagement) y agotamiento emocional (burnout), en docentes de carreras de Ciencias de la Salud durante la crisis sanitaria por COVID-19 en Chile. Método: Estudio cuantitativo, observacional, transversal y relacional con una estrategia de muestreo no probabilístico. Por conveniencia se obtuvo una muestra de 234 docentes de carreras, que respondieron la Escala de Engagement Laboral UWES-17, el Inventario de Burnout de Maslach, una escala de recursos disponibles para la docencia y un cuestionario sociodemográfico y de condiciones laborales, previo consentimiento informado. Resultados: Los docentes reportaron un alto engagement laboral en sus dimensiones de vigor, absorción y dedicación, un moderado agotamiento emocional y menor despersonalización y falta de realización personal. El burnout y el engagement mostraron correlaciones inversas entre sí en casi todos sus factores (p