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Aneurysms of the superior vena cava are rare vascular malformations of systemic veins. This report presents the case of a 27-year-old woman with an incidental finding of mediastinal shadow widening on the chest roentgenogram that was confirmed by computed tomographic angiography to be a superior vena cava saccular aneurysm >4 cm in diameter. Surgical resection was recommended on the basis of aneurysmal size and shape and was performed through median sternotomy by using cardiopulmonary bypass. The postoperative period was uneventful. During follow-up visits she remained asymptomatic. Saccular aneurysm surgery was recommended to prevent associated complications, including rupture, thrombosis, or venous obstruction.

The extractive sector is positioned as one of the most polluting activities, contributing considerably to the environmental liabilities (EL) generation, especially in countries with a significant dependence on mining resources exploitation, such as Latin America. Colombia represents a good approximation to this scenario, mainly due to the convergence between high biodiversity and mineral deposits (first producer of emeralds worldwide, and first and second in coal and gold for Latin America). In Colombia, the economic valuation and the classification of EL have been proposed as tools to manage Els. However, a process of valuation and classification that includes a pluralistic approach is essential to obtain a better understanding of the implications of the EL in the territories, and with it, the validation of the management mechanisms. A case study of environmental liabilities for coal mining is shown, through which the sufficiency and assertiveness of the classification and economic valuation of liabilities developed by Rodríguez-Zapata and Ruiz-Agudelo (2021) is analyzed. The evaluated EL typologies were considered as an adequate tool to support the operationalization of EL focused on its management, however, due to the null capacity to detect the mismatch between a legal/administrative declaration of remediation of damages and a real remediation, this is considered insufficient to prioritize the degree of EL management and with this its urgency for intervention. In relation to the revision to the economic valuation, the reported amount of US$ 2.4 billion seems to be underestimating the costs of the ELs, mainly due to the magnitude of the human and natural communities on which each of these falls.

Colombia is a megadiverse country, ranks fourth in plant species richness, fifth place in mammals, first place in birds, third place in reptiles, second place in amphibians, freshwater fish, and butterflies. Despite this richness, more than 1,000 species are at risk. Colombia is characterized by rich mineral and oil resources; however, resource exploitation has been developed in an inadequate way, which has led to extensive generation of environmental liabilities (EL) for centuries. Although the country has made relevant improvements in environmental management, it does not have a formal structure for the EL assessment and management. This research establishes the Colombian EL status, typology, and distribution. We identified a total of 223, and all Colombian departments are affected to a greater or lesser extent, except Quindío, Caquetá, Guaviare, and Vichada. Considering the sensitivity of this situation for Colombian environmental management, it is formulated recommendations for preventing and remedying the mining and oil/gas EL in Colombia. On the other hand, it is established a baseline for national surveillance of these.