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The role of aldose reductase (ALR), the key enzyme of the polyol pathway, has been firmly established in hyperglycemia-induced diabetic complications. Therefore, the present study focused on the screening of phytochemicals reported in Coccinia grandis against ALR using in-silico methodologies encompassing molecular docking, pharmacokinetics, molecular dynamic simulation, free energy calculation (MMGBSA), and quantum mechanics. A comprehensive array of 101 compounds from C. grandis documented in IMPPAT database and different literatures have been selected in this study. These compounds were meticulously docked with the ALR (PDB ID: 1EL3), yielding docking scores spanning a range of −5.8 to −11.0 kcal/mol compared to the positive control epalrestat with a score of −7.9kcal/mol. Among them, four compounds have been emerged as the most promising ALR inhibitors: tiliroside, lukianol B, formononetin, and trachelogenin, with docking scores of −11.0, −10.7, −10.4, and −10.2, respectively. Importantly, these compounds exhibited notable stability throughout 100 ns dynamic simulations compared to the control drug, aligning with Lipinski's rule of 5, standard ADME properties, and evincing an absence of anomalous toxic effects. Therefore, these compounds hold great promise as leads to the development of potent ALR inhibitors; however, further studies are needed to warrant their uses in ameliorating diabetic complications.

Pneumonia, an infectious lung disease, is a significant global health concern, claiming the lives of 740,180 children in 2019, which accounts for 14 % of pediatric deaths. Recently, the management of pediatric pneumonia has become complex due to exposure to indoor and outdoor environmental toxins. Notably, exposure to pollutants and antibiotic-resistant bacteria during community and hospital-acquired pneumonia poses a serious threat to patient outcomes. The development of antibiotic resistance against Streptococcus pneumoniae is driven by the DinF efflux pump protein, which expels antibiotics from bacterial cells, leading to multidrug resistance. Therefore, blocking DinF could serve as a strategy to combat antibiotic resistance. This study aimed to identify DinF inhibitors from compounds analogous to verapamil, a well-known DinF inhibitor, through computational techniques including molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, ADMET analysis, MMGBSA, quantum mechanics, and Network Pharmacology. After considering docking scores, results of MMGBSA, quantum mechanics, Molecular Dynamics Simulations, ADMET analysis and network pharmacology profiling four compounds namely netarsudil, rimegepant, GSK-1521498 and tariquidar were found as the most promising DinF inhibitors. Therefore, these compounds hold a great promise as leads to the development of potent DinF inhibitors; however, further studies are needed to warrant their clinical uses against antibiotic resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae-induced pneumonia.

Objective: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common complications of pregnancy and becoming an increasing health problem worldwide. The rate of GDM is increasing in Asian countries including Bangladesh. This study is aimed at investigating the association between the rs12255372 (G/T) polymorphism of the TCF7L2 gene with GDM. Method: To carry out the present research, 63 GDM pregnant women and 60 control pregnant women were randomly selected from the city Chattogram, Bangladesh. During the study data was collected between gestational weeks of 24–28. PCR-RFLP was used for genotyping the rs12253372 (G/T) and for genotype analysis Hardy-Weinberg equation (Hardy, 1908) was applied. Results: The fasting and 2-hour plasma glucose level was significantly higher in GDM than the control. Moreover, in the case of family history women with GDM showed higher percentage in first degree relatives (60.31 %) compared to that of control (38.33 %). The frequency of mutant allele T in GDM is 26.2 % which was however not significant. TT genotype was found only in one subject with GDM. However, the percentage of risk allele GT is higher in GDM (49.2 %) compared to that of NGT (35 %). Conclusions: In our pilot study, we did not find an association between rs12255372 (G/T) polymorphism of TCF7L2 gene and GDM. Studying in a broader group may help to find a conclusive result.

Magnesium (Mg) and its alloys are modern implant materials that are remarkably similar to natural bone. Biomedical researchers have taken notice of its exceptional mechanical properties, biodegradability, and biocompatibility. Despite their excellent physical and mechanical properties, their alloys are restricted to medical applications because of their low corrosion resistance and rapid structural deterioration in physiological environments. The coating is one of the most effective methods to overcome these limitations and improve corrosion resistance. Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a natural inorganic mineral applied as a coating material that shows superior biocompatibility, bioactivity, high osteoconductivity, non-toxicity, non-inflammatory properties, and a slower degradation and corrosion rate when incorporated on an Mg alloy surface. However, HA applications are limited in scope because of their inherent brittleness. Hybrid coatings are frequently used because they can be combined with inorganic and organic coating materials to overcome the limitations of a single-layer coating, such as corrosion resistance, adhesion, and mechanical integrity. Despite layer-by-layer coating, the hybrid coating has excellent mechanical, physiochemical, and biomedical properties. This review summarizes the most recent developments in hybrid coatings with synthetic polymer coatings (PCL/HA, PLA/HA), natural polymer coatings (SF + HA, collagen/HA), and HA/TiO2-based hybrid coatings on biodegradable Mg alloys. In addition, their biocompatibility, corrosion resistance, and mechanical properties have been discussed. Biopolymer-based hybrid coatings could be a promising means to alter the constraints of Mg alloys in biomedical applications.