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Introduction: Obesity in pregnancy is associated with adverse long-term consequences both in the mother and in offspring. Maternal obesity induces a metabolic-inflammatory state that could impact on placental function and could mediate the adverse outcomes. The purpose of this study was to compare the major placental histological characteristics of non-diabetic obese women to lean controls, focusing on uncomplicated pregnancies., Methods: Prospective case-control study comparing placental histopathological features between 122 non-diabetic obese women and 185 non-obese controls. The analysis was performed on overall subjects, then uncomplicated pregnancies from both groups were analyzed. Placenta pathologic findings were recorded according to standard classification., Results: Both in overall analysis and among the subset of subjects with an uncomplicated pregnancy, obese subjects had higher risks of maternal vascular malperfusion (MVM) (respectively OR=2.2, 95%CI =1.3-3.7 and OR=4.2, 95%CI=2.1-8.5), fetal vascular malperfusion (FVM) (respectively OR=6.3, 95%CI=3.1-12.5 and OR=7.2, 95%CI=3-17.2), maternal and fetal inflammatory response placental lesions and villitis (VUE) (respectively OR=2.5, 95%CI=1.1-5.6 and OR=10.8, 95%CI=3.3-35.3) compared to controls. Among uncomplicated pregnancies and after adjustment for confounders, first trimester BMI was significantly associated with overall MVM, overall FVM, maternal inflammatory, fetal inflammatory response and VUE., Discussion: Placentas from obese women showed a significantly higher risk of maternal and fetal vascular and inflammatory placental lesions, both in overall population and in the subgroup with uncomplicated pregnancies. The metabolic and inflammatory dysfunctions typical of obesity could have an impact on placental development and function, which could be a mediator of the detrimental effects of obesity on pregnancy outcome and on future health of the offspring., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Data on placental pathologic features associated with thyreoperoxidase antibodies (TPO Ab) and/or hypothyroidism are limited. The objective of the study was to analyze placental pathologic features of women with TPO Ab positivity., Methods: Prospective case-control observational study of pregnancy outcome among women screened for TPO Ab positivity and/or isolated hypothyroidism (TSH>4mU/L) during the first trimester of pregnancy. Placenta pathologic findings were recorded according to standard classification., Results: The overall rates of TPO Ab positivity and isolated hypothyroidism with negative TPO Ab were 9.6% (86/899) and 2.7% (24/899), respectively. Among TPO Ab positive cases, 77.9% (67/86) and 22.1% (19/86) had TSH ≥2.5mU/L or <2.5mU/L, respectively. Compared to controls, mean first and second trimester uterine artery Doppler pulsatility indices (PI) were higher, placental volume and area were lower among cases with TSH≥2.5mU/L. The rates of fetal growth restriction (FGR)/small for gestational age (SGA) (20/67 versus 8/110, Adjusted Odds Ratio (AdjOR) = 10.8,95%CI = 2.7-44), placental pathological features suggesting decidual vasculopathy (37/67 versus 27/110, AdjOR = 2.7,95%CI = 1.1-6.8) or severe maternal vascular malperfusion (MVM) (22/67 versus 9/110, AdjOR = 5.8,95%CI = 1.6-20.1) were higher among cases with TSH ≥2.5mU/L than in controls. Similar results were obtained comparing overall TPO Ab positive subjects to controls. The increased risk of defective placentation and FGR associated with TPO Ab was independent of simultaneous presence of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and TSH concentration., Discussion: First trimester TPO Ab positivity was associated with increased rates of abnormal uterine artery Doppler PI and placental features of MVM. This association was independent of TSH concentration and presence of ANA., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest None., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Having a clear understanding of the concept of globalization can be particularly relevant for adolescents to comprehend how the world functions and to reflect on the way their personal and professional identity and career future might be affected by globalization. Thus, this mixed design study aimed at examining Northeastern Italian adolescents' thinking about globalization and at exploring the potential role of education (the type of school) in conceptualizing globalization., Methods: A total of 163 Italian adolescents (42.3% boys and 57.5% girls) aged 16-19 years, attending a scientific lyceum or a commercial, technological, or professional high school participated in the study. Participants were invited to explain the concept of globalization. Their answers were analyzed using a thematic analysis procedure., Results: & Conclusions:. The analyses revealed adolescents' limited and inaccurate understandings of globalization, with almost exclusive emphasis on the positive aspects of globalization, and without a critical understanding of its consequences. Moreover, no differences related to their educational experience (the type of school they attended) or socio-economic status emerged when reporting their understanding of globalization. The results suggested the relevance of a training process for the promotion of critical thinking, especially in the field of career guidance., (Copyright © 2021 The Foundation for Professionals in Services for Adolescents. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: Patients with sporadic neuroendocrine neoplasms may exhibit a higher risk of a second primary tumor than the general population., Aim: This study aimed to analyze the occurrence of second primary malignancies., Methods: A retrospective cohort of 2757 patients with sporadic lung and gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms, managed at eight Italian tertiary referral Centers, was included., Results: Between 2000 and 2019, a second primary malignancy was observed in 271 (9.8%) neuroendocrine neoplasms patients with 32 developing a third tumor. There were 135 (49.8%) females and the median age was 64 years. The most frequent locations of the second tumors were breast (18.8%), prostate (12.5%), colon (9.6%), blood tumors (8.5%), and lung (7.7%). The second primary tumor was synchronous in 19.2% of cases, metachronous in 43.2%, and previous in 37.6%. As concerned the neuroendocrine neoplasms, the 5- and 10-year survival rates were 87.8% and 74.4%, respectively. PFS for patients with a second primary malignancy was shorter than for patients without a second primary malignancy. Death was mainly related to neuroendocrine neoplasms., Conclusion: In NEN patients the prevalence of second primary malignancies was not negligible, suggesting a possible neoplastic susceptibility. Overall survival was not affected by the occurrence of a second primary malignancy., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The Authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (Copyright © 2020 Editrice Gastroenterologica Italiana S.r.l. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: Somatostatin analogs are the backbone of neuroendocrine neoplasms treatment. Biliary stone disease is a potentially severe adverse event of somatostatin analogs: an increased incidence has been reported in somatostatin analogs-treated acromegalic patients, but studies on patients with neuroendocrine neoplasms are lacking., Aims: To evaluate biliary stone disease incidence and associated factors in a large series of patients treated with somatostatin analogs for neuroendocrine neoplasms., Methods: A prospectively-collected database of patients with a diagnosis of neuroendocrine neoplasms of any grade and site, treated with somatostatin analogs at our Institution between 1995 and 2017, was retrospectively analyzed. Patients' demographics and disease characteristics were analyzed to evaluate the incidence and the factors related to biliary stone disease., Results: Three-hundred patients were included; 101 (33.7%) patients underwent cholecystectomy before starting somatostatin analogs. Among 164 patients with gallbladder in situ and no history of stone disease, 60 (36.6%) developed gallstones after a mean of 36.7 months (range 1-239) from treatment start with a mean yearly incidence of 8.73%. Previous cholecystectomy was associated with a lower rate of development of gallstones (p < 0.001) or related complications (p = 0.017)., Conclusion: We observed a high incidence of biliary stone disease in patients treated with somatostatin analogs-treated for neuroendocrine neoplams. Previous cholecystectomy was the only factor associated with a lower occurrence of biliary stone disease., (Copyright © 2018 Editrice Gastroenterologica Italiana S.r.l. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The study is aimed at providing the development and initial validation of the Design My Future (DMF), which may be administered in career counseling and research activities to assess adolescents' future orientation and resilience. Two studies with two independent samples of Italian adolescents were conducted to examine psychometric requisites of DMF. Specifically, in the first study, after developing items and examined the content validity, the factorial structure, reliability and discriminant validity of the DMF were tested. In the second study, the measurement invariance across gender, conducing a sequence of nested CFA models, was evaluated. Results showed good psychometric support for the instrument with Italian adolescents., (Copyright © 2016 The Foundation for Professionals in Services for Adolescents. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)