5 results on '"Mäkinen, Pirkko-Liisa"'
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Adachi, Hideki, primary, Adachi, Osao, additional, Adam, Zach, additional, Adams, Michael W.W., additional, Adang, Michael J., additional, Adham, Ibrahim M., additional, Aducci, Patrizia, additional, Agard, David A., additional, Agranovsky, Alexey A., additional, Ahn, Kyunghye, additional, Akiyama, Yoshinori, additional, Alejo, Alí, additional, Amberg, Sean M., additional, Amerik, Alexander Y., additional, Andrés, Germán, additional, Andrews, Robert K., additional, Antalis, Toni M., additional, Apte, Suneel S., additional, Arima, Kazunari, additional, Arlaud, Gérard J., additional, Aronson, Nathan N., additional, Asano, Yasuhisa, additional, Ascenzi, Paolo, additional, Assakura, Marina T., additional, Auld, David S., additional, Avilés, Francesc X., additional, Awad, William M., additional, Babé, Lilia M., additional, Badorff, Cornel, additional, Bai, Shan, additional, Baird, Teaster T., additional, Paul Bajaj, S., additional, Baker, Rohan T., additional, Baker, Susan C., additional, Ballinger, Marcus D., additional, Banbula, Agnieszka, additional, Bannikov, Gregory A., additional, Barrett, Alan J., additional, Bartlett, John D., additional, Baskova, Isolda P., additional, Bauer, Karl, additional, Baumann, Ulrich, additional, Baumeister, Wolfgang, additional, Beauvais, Anne, additional, Belas, Robert, additional, Beppu, Teruhiko, additional, Bergmann, Ernst M., additional, Bergo, Martin O., additional, Berndt, Michael C., additional, Berry, Colin, additional, Bertenshaw, Greg P., additional, Betzel, Ch., additional, Bierbaum, Gabriele, additional, Bieth, Joseph G., additional, Bjarnason, Jón B., additional, Blaber, M., additional, Blaber, S.I., additional, Black, Roy A., additional, Blackman, M.J., additional, Blinkovsky, Alexander, additional, Blobel, Carl P., additional, Boatright, Kelly M., additional, Böck, August, additional, Boeke, Jef D., additional, Boileau, Guy, additional, Bolken, Tové C., additional, Bond, Judith S., additional, Bordallo, Javier, additional, Bordusa, Frank, additional, Boucaut, Kerry J., additional, Bouvier, Jacques, additional, Bowman, Barry J., additional, Bradshaw, Ralph A., additional, Braun, Hans-Peter, additional, Breddam, Klaus, additional, Brindley, Paul J., additional, Broadhurst, Anne, additional, Brocklehurst, Keith, additional, Broder, Dan H., additional, Brömme, Dieter, additional, Bron, Sierd, additional, Broom, Murray, additional, Brown, Kenneth D., additional, Brown, Mark A., additional, Bunn, Rhonda, additional, Burleigh, Barbara A., additional, Butler, Michael J., additional, Buttle, David J., additional, Byrd, Chelsea M., additional, Byun, Tony, additional, Cadel, Sandrine, additional, Caffrey, Conor R., additional, Caldentey, Javier, additional, Caprioglio, Daniel R., additional, Carbonell, Juan, additional, Carpentier, Mélanie, additional, Carter, Ruth E., additional, Casey, Patrick J., additional, Castellino, Francis J., additional, Catanese, Joseph J., additional, Caterson, Bruce, additional, Caughey, George H., additional, Cawley, Niamh X., additional, Cawston, Tim E., additional, Jose Cazzulo, Juan, additional, Cercós, Manuel, additional, Chakraborty, Trinad, additional, Chambers, Henry F., additional, Chang, L.S., additional, Chan, Michael K., additional, Chan, Sunney I., additional, Chao, Julie, additional, Chapot-Chartier, Marie-Pierre, additional, Chave, Karen J., additional, Chen, Jian-Min, additional, Chen, Jinq-May, additional, Chesneau, Valérie, additional, Chevrier, Bernard, additional, Chich, Jean-François, additional, Yong Choi, Kwan, additional, Chrétien, Michel, additional, Ha Chung, Chin, additional, Chung, Dominic W., additional, Clamagirand, Christine, additional, Clark, Ian M., additional, Clarke, Adrian K., additional, Clarke, Steven, additional, Cleary, Paul P., additional, Clements, Judith A., additional, Cleuziat, Philippe, additional, Cohen, Paul, additional, Colige, Alain, additional, Collen, D., additional, Collier, Ivan E., additional, Colloms, Sean D., additional, Colman, Robert W., additional, Conner, Gregory E., additional, Conzelmann, Andreas, additional, Coolbear, Tim, additional, Coombs, Graham H., additional, Cooper, Jonathan B., additional, Cooper, Max D., additional, Copeland, Nikki A., additional, Corvol, Pierre, additional, Cottrell, Graeme S., additional, Coyle, Joseph T., additional, Craik, Charles S., additional, Creemers, John W.M., additional, Croce, Jenifer, additional, Cueva, Rosario, additional, Cutting, Simon, additional, d′Enfert, Christophe, additional, D′Orchymont, Hugues, additional, Daenke, S., additional, Dahlbäck, Björn, additional, Dalbey, Ross E., additional, Dalton, John P., additional, Dando (Deceased), Pamela M., additional, Daniel, R.M., additional, Darke, Paul L., additional, Lagerblad de Oliveira, Pedro, additional, de Vos, Sarah, additional, Deghmane, Ala-Eddine, additional, Dekker, Niek, additional, DeLotto, Robert, additional, DeMartino, George N., additional, den Boon, Johan A., additional, Denison, Mark R., additional, DesGroseillers, Luc, additional, Deussing, Jan, additional, Devi, Lakshmi A., additional, Diamandis, Eleftherios P., additional, Dickson, Robert B., additional, Dingwall, Colin, additional, Dixon, Jack E., additional, Dodt, Johannes, additional, Dolenc, Iztoc, additional, Cat Dong, Tran, additional, Dong, Ying, additional, Dubois, Jean-Yves F., additional, Dudley, Edward G., additional, Dunn, Ben M., additional, Dupuy, Bruno, additional, Conceicão Duque-Magalhães, Maria, additional, Eeckhout, Yves, additional, Egelrud, Torbjörn, additional, Eijsink, Vincent, additional, Ellis, Vincent, additional, Engel, Wolfgang, additional, Erdös, Ervin G., additional, Etscheid, Michael, additional, Evans (Deceased), Herbert J., additional, Everett, Roger D., additional, Eyries, Mélanie, additional, Fahrenholz, Falk, additional, Fenster, Kurt M., additional, Férec, Claude, additional, Henrique Ferreira Sorgine, Marcos, additional, Fink, Doran, additional, Fives-Taylor, Paula M., additional, Foltmann, Bent, additional, Foster, Simon J., additional, Foulon, Thierry, additional, Foundling, Stephen I., additional, Fox, Jay W., additional, Freeze, Hudson H., additional, Frère, Jean-Marie, additional, Frey, Teryl K., additional, Flicker, Lloyd D., additional, Fritsche, Erich, additional, Froelich, Christopher J., additional, Fuhrmann, Cynthia N., additional, Fujimura, Satoshi, additional, Fukushima, J., additional, Fuller, Robert S., additional, Gaboriaud, Christine, additional, Gache, Christian, additional, Galivan, John, additional, Gary, Jonathan D., additional, Gaucher, G.M., additional, Ghuysen, Jean-Marie, additional, Gil, María J., additional, Giller, Thomas, additional, Goffin, Colette, additional, Gohda, Eiichi, additional, Goldberg, Alfred L., additional, Goldberg, Daniel E., additional, Goldberg, Gregory I., additional, Gorbalenya, Alexander E., additional, Gordon, Stuart G., additional, Götz, Friedrich, additional, Gráf, László, additional, Granados, Robert R., additional, Granell, Antonio, additional, Graycar, Thomas P., additional, Green, Jonathan, additional, Greenspan, Daniel S., additional, Grubman, Marvin J., additional, Grunden, Amy M., additional, Guillemain, Bernard, additional, Guinand, Micheline, additional, Gutiérrez, José Maria, additional, Haeggström, Jesper Z., additional, Hageman, James H., additional, Hagmann, Marie-Luise, additional, Halfon, Sherin, additional, Hamilton, Andrew J., additional, Seon Han, Ji, additional, Hara-Nishimura, Ikuko, additional, Harada, Minoru, additional, Hartzell, William O., additional, Hay, Rod J., additional, Hayashi, Kiyoshi, additional, Hendriks, Dirk F., additional, Henrich, Bernhard, additional, Henriet, Patrick, additional, Hernández-Arana, Andrés, additional, Herrera-Camacho, Irma, additional, Heusipp, Gerhard, additional, Hicks, P.M., additional, Hillman, Bradley I., additional, Yukihiro Hiraoka, B., additional, Hiratake, Jun, additional, Ho, Heng-Chien, additional, Thi Hoa, Ngo, additional, Hochstrasser, Mark, additional, Hofmann, Theo, additional, Hohn, Thomas, additional, Hoidal, John R., additional, Holbrook, Joanna D., additional, Höltje, Joachim-Volker, additional, Homma, Koichi J., additional, Hook, Vivian Y.H., additional, Hooper, John D., additional, Hooper, Nigel M., additional, Hosoi, Kazuo, additional, Hospital, Véronique, additional, Howe, Christopher J., additional, Hruby, Dennis E., additional, Huang, H.-C., additional, Huber, Robert, additional, Hughes, Clare E., additional, Ibrahim-Granet, Oumaïma, additional, Ichishima, Eiji, additional, Ikehara, Yukio, additional, Imamura, Takahisa, additional, Inagaki, Noritoshi, additional, Inagami, Tadashi, additional, Isaac, R.E., additional, Isaya, Grazia, additional, Ishihara, Kohji, additional, Ishii, Shin-ichi, additional, Itoh, Yoshifumi, additional, Ito, Kiyoshi, additional, Ito, Koreaki, additional, Iwanaga, Sadaaki, additional, Jack, Ralph W., additional, Jackson, Mel C., additional, James, Michael N.G., additional, Jeffrey (Deceased), John, additional, Jiang, Ping, additional, Johnson, Gary D., additional, Johnson, John E., additional, Johnson, Michael, additional, Albert Johnston, Stephen, additional, Jones, Elizabeth W., additional, Jongbloed, Jan D.H., additional, Joshua-Tor, Leemor, additional, Joudiou, Carine, additional, Juliano, Luiz, additional, Jupp, Ray, additional, Kaminogawa, Shuichi, additional, Kamio, Yoshiyuki, additional, Kan, Chen-Chen, additional, Kaneda, Makoto, additional, Gyun Kang, Sung, additional, Kania, Mary, additional, Kanjanahaluethai, Amornrat, additional, Kawabata, Shun-ichiro, additional, Kay, John, additional, Keiler, Kenneth C., additional, Kelly, R.M., additional, Kerr, Michael A, additional, Kervinen, Jukka, additional, Kessler, Efrat, additional, Kidd, Simon, additional, Kilian, Mogens, additional, Kim, Do-Hyung, additional, Seop Kim, In, additional, Kimura, Yukio, additional, Kirisako, Takayoshi, additional, Kirschke, Heidrun, additional, Kishi, Tadaaki, additional, Kitamura, Naomi, additional, Kitazono, Ana A., additional, Kleanthous, Colin, additional, Klein, Jürgen R., additional, Kobayashi, Hideyuki, additional, Koelsch, Gerald, additional, Kok, Jan, additional, Kolattukudy, P.E., additional, Kolmar, Harald, additional, Komori, Yumiko, additional, Konvalinka, Jan, additional, Korhonen, Timo K., additional, Kortt, Alexander A., additional, Kräusslich, Hans-Georg, additional, Kress, Lawrence F., additional, Kubo, Takeaki, additional, Kukkonen, Maini, additional, Kumagai, Hidehiko, additional, Kumazaki, Takashi, additional, Kümmerer, Beate M., additional, Kuno, Kouji, additional, Kurachi, Kotoku, additional, Kurkinen, Markku, additional, Lähteenmäki, Kaarina, additional, Laing, Gavin D., additional, Lambkin, Imelda J., additional, Lamppa, Gayle K., additional, Lång, Hannu, additional, Langer, Thomas, additional, Laursen, Richard A., additional, Le Bonniec, Bernard F., additional, Luel Lee, Bok, additional, Joon Lee, Kye, additional, Young Lee, So, additional, Lee, Soohee, additional, Leis, Jonathan, additional, LeMosy, Ellen K., additional, Lepage, Thierry, additional, Leppla, Stephen H., additional, Lessard, Ivan A.D., additional, Lhomond, Guy, additional, Liao, Ta-Hsiu, additional, Lieber, Toby, additional, Lijnen, H.R., additional, Lima, Christopher D., additional, Lin, Chen-Yong, additional, Lin, Xinli, additional, Lindsay, L.L., additional, Lipscomb, William N., additional, Little, Christopher B., additional, Little, John W., additional, Lively, Mark O., additional, Lobel, Peter, additional, Peng Loh, Y., additional, Lohi, Jouko, additional, Lomonossoff, G.P., additional, Looze, Yvan, additional, López-García, Alma, additional, López-Otín, Carlos, additional, Luo, Liu-Ying, additional, Lupas, Andrei, additional, MacKay, Vivian L., additional, Mains, Richard E., additional, Mäkinen, Kauko K., additional, Mäkinen, Pirkko-Liisa, additional, Mandelbaum, Fajga R., additional, Manning, James M., additional, Marcotrigiano, Joseph, additional, Markland, Francis S., additional, Maruyama, M., additional, Maruyama, Sususmu, additional, Masaki, Takeharu, additional, Mathew, Zacharia, additional, Matrisian, Lynn M., additional, Matsuda, Yoshihiro, additional, Matsuka, Yury V., additional, Matsushita, Osamu, additional, Matsuzawa, Hiroshi, additional, Maurizi, Michael R., additional, Mbikay, Majambu, additional, Ken McDonald, J., additional, McKerrow, James H., additional, McMillan, David, additional, Mecham, Robert P., additional, Mehta, Darshini P., additional, Meighan, Paul, additional, Mellors, Alan, additional, Melton, Roger G., additional, Ménard, Armelle, additional, Ménard, Robert, additional, Menéndez-Arias, Luis, additional, Meyer, Diane H., additional, Meyers, Gregor, additional, Michaelis, Susan, additional, Mielicki, Wojciech P., additional, Mierau, Igor, additional, Millán-Pérez-Peña, Lourdes, additional, Miller, Charles G., additional, Mills, John, additional, Mills, Kenneth V., additional, Mistou, Michel-Yves, additional, Misumi, Yoshio, additional, Miyoshi, Shin-ichi, additional, Mizutani, Shigehiko, additional, Mock, William L., additional, Möhrlen, Frank, additional, Moiré, Nathalie, additional, Monnet, Véronique, additional, Monod, Michel, additional, Montecucco, Cesare, additional, Morita, Takashi, additional, Morrissey, James H., additional, Mort, John S., additional, Mortensen, Uffe H., additional, Morty, Rory E., additional, Motoshima, Hidemasa, additional, Mottram, Jeremy C., additional, Mundt, Egbert, additional, Murakami, Kazuo, additional, Murakami-Murofushi, Kimiko, additional, Murao, Sawao, additional, Murata, Christina, additional, Murphy, Gillian, additional, Muta, Tatsushi, additional, Mzhavia, Nino, additional, Nagase, Hideaki, additional, Naik, Rajesh R., additional, Nakajima, Nobuyoshi, additional, Nakamura, Hiroyuki, additional, Nakamura, Yukio, additional, Nasmyth, Kim, additional, Navarro-García, Fernando, additional, Netzel-Arnett, Sarah, additional, Nguyen-Distéche, Martine, additional, Nicholson, Donald, additional, Nikai, Toshiaki, additional, Nirasawa, Satoru, additional, Nishii, Wataru, additional, Nishiyama, Makoto, additional, Niven, Gordon W., additional, Nomura, Seiji, additional, Norioka, Shigemi, additional, North, Michael J., additional, Nuss, Donald L., additional, O′Connor, Michael B., additional, Oberst, Michael, additional, Oda, Kohei, additional, Odorico, Dimitri M., additional, Oetjen, Joyce, additional, Ogura, Teru, additional, Ohkubo, Iwao, additional, Ohlendorf, Douglas H., additional, Ohman, Dennis E., additional, Ohsumi, Yoshinori, additional, Okabe, Akinobu, additional, Okuda, K., additional, Olesen, Kjeld, additional, Oroszlan, Stephen, additional, Orth, Kim, additional, Ota, Nobuyuki, additional, Ovadia, Michael, additional, Overgaard, Michael T., additional, O-Wang, Jiyang, additional, Oxvig, Claus, additional, Packer, Jeremy C.L., additional, Paetzel, Mark, additional, Paine, Mark J.I., additional, Park, John E., additional, Woo Park, Pyong, additional, Soo Park, Sung, additional, Parkin, Kirk L., additional, Parks, William C., additional, Pascall, John C., additional, Paschos, Athanasios, additional, Paul, Sudhir, additional, Pearce, David A., additional, Pei, Duanqing, additional, Pemberton, Alan D., additional, Peters, Jan-Michael, additional, Phylip, Lowri H., additional, Pichová, Iva, additional, Pieper, Michael, additional, Piesse, Christophe, additional, Pike, Rob, additional, Pinck, Lothaire, additional, Pirzad, Ramin, additional, Pitot, Henry C., additional, Plaut, Andrew G., additional, Polgár, László, additional, Postina, Rolf, additional, Potempa, Jan, additional, Poulsen, Knud, additional, Pritchard, David G., additional, Pshezhetsky, Alexey V., additional, Abul Qasim, M., additional, Rader, Stephen D., additional, Rando, Robert R., additional, Rao, Mala, additional, Rao, Narayanam V., additional, Ratnoff, Oscar D., additional, Rawlings, Neil D., additional, Rawson, Robert B., additional, Reddy, Vijay, additional, Redman, Colvin M., additional, Reichl (Deceased), Antonia P., additional, Reid, Julian R., additional, Reid, Kenneth B.M., additional, Remaut, Han, additional, James Remington, S., additional, Rettig, Wolfgang J., additional, Rholam, Mohamed, additional, Rice, Charles M., additional, Richter, Stefan, additional, Riezman, Howard, additional, Ritchie, Alison, additional, Ro, Hyo-Sung, additional, Robert-Baudouy, Janine, additional, Michael Roberts, R., additional, Robinson, Michael, additional, Rodríguez-Romero, Adela, additional, Rogers, John C., additional, Rosenthal, Philip J., additional, Rose, A.M., additional, Rosing, J., additional, Rossetto, Ornella, additional, Rossi, Cesare, additional, Rossi, Véronique, additional, Roth, Richard A., additional, Rowan, Andrew D., additional, Rozanov, Mikhail, additional, Rucavado, Alexandra, additional, Rul, Françoise, additional, Rümenapf, Tillmann, additional, Ryan, Martin D., additional, Ryan, Thomas J., additional, Sacco, Elena, additional, Evan Sadler, J., additional, Saenger, W., additional, Sahl, Hans-Georg, additional, Sajid, Mohammed, additional, Sakiyama, Fumio, additional, Salas, María L., additional, Salter, Jason P., additional, Salvesen, Guy S., additional, Sanchez, Eladio F., additional, Sang, Qing-Xiang Amy, additional, Sankaran, Krishnan, additional, Sarras, Michael P., additional, Sasagawa, Yoshikiyo, additional, Satoh, Kimiyuki, additional, Sauer, Robert T., additional, Sawada, Hitoshi, additional, Scarisbrick, I.A., additional, Schauer-Vukasinovic, Vesna, additional, Schlievert, Patrick M., additional, Schlösser, Manfred, additional, Schmidt, Amy E., additional, Schmidt, Brian F., additional, Schmidt, Walter K., additional, Schmitz, Udo K., additional, Schneemann, Anette, additional, Scholze, Henning, additional, Schomburg, Lutz, additional, Schwaeble, Wilhelm J., additional, Sedlacek, Radislav, additional, Seemüller, Erika, additional, Seidah, Nabil G., additional, Seiki, Motoharu, additional, Selistre de Araujo, Heloisa S., additional, Senior, Robert M., additional, Sik Seong, Ihn, additional, Serpe, Mihaela, additional, Serrano, Solange M.T., additional, Setlow, Peter, additional, Shanks, M., additional, Shao, Feng, additional, Shapiro, Steven D., additional, Shen, Lei, additional, Sherwood (Deceased), Roger F., additional, Shi, Yun-Bo, additional, Shimoi, Hitoshi, additional, Shinoda, Sumio, additional, Siigur, Ene, additional, Siigur, Jüri, additional, Sim, Robert B., additional, Simmer, James P., additional, Simmons, William H., additional, Sirakova, Tatiana D., additional, Skern, Tim, additional, Skidgel, Randal A., additional, Slack, Jeffrey, additional, Sleat, David E., additional, Smith, Janet L., additional, Smyth, Mark J., additional, Snijder, Eric J., additional, Söderhäll, Kenneth, additional, Sohar, Istvan, additional, Sorimachi, Hiroyuki, additional, Sottrup-Jensen, Lars, additional, Soubrier, Florent, additional, Soukhodolets, Karen E., additional, Springman, Eric B., additional, Geme, Joseph W. St., additional, Leger, Raymond J. St., additional, Steele, James L., additional, Steinkühler, Christian, additional, Stenberg, Leisa M., additional, Stenflo, Johan, additional, Stennicke, Henning R., additional, Stepanov (Deceased), Valentin M., additional, Steven, Frank, additional, Stevenson, Kenneth J., additional, Stewart, David J., additional, Storer, Andrew C., additional, Stover, Cordula, additional, Sträter, Norbert, additional, Strauss, Ellen G., additional, Strauss, James H., additional, Stöcker, Walter, additional, Stříšovský, Kvido, additional, Suárez-Rendueles, Paz, additional, Sugimoto, Manabu, additional, Sulea, Traian, additional, Suzuki, Fumiaki, additional, Suzuki, Hideyuki, additional, Swenson, Stephen, additional, Szecsi, Pal B., additional, Szilágyi, László, additional, Taha, Muhamed-Kheir, additional, Takahashi, Kenji, additional, Takio, Koji, additional, Tamura, Tomohiro, additional, Tan, Fulong, additional, Hong Tan, Nget, additional, Tanase, Carmen, additional, Tang, Jordan, additional, Tanizaki, Martha M., additional, Tannich, Egbert, additional, Tans, G., additional, Tarentino (Deceased), Anthony L., additional, Tatnell, Peter J., additional, Tatsumi, Hiroki, additional, Tautz, Norbert, additional, Templin, Markus F., additional, Terada, Shigeyuki, additional, Thacker, C., additional, Theodoratou, Ekaterini, additional, Thiel, Heinz-Jürgen, additional, Thielens, Nicole M., additional, Thierry, Gonzales, additional, Thomas, Mark D., additional, Thornberry, Nancy A., additional, Thorsness, Mary K., additional, Thorsness, Peter E., additional, Tigue, Natalie J., additional, Tjalsma, Harold, additional, Tomkinson, Birgitta, additional, Tonello, Fiorella, additional, Toogood, H.S., additional, Toombs, Christopher, additional, Tortora, Paolo, additional, Tözsér, József, additional, Travis, James, additional, Tschesche, Harald, additional, Tsujimoto, Masafumi, additional, Tsunasawa, Susumu, additional, Tsu, Christopher A., additional, Tu, Anthony T., additional, Turk, Boris, additional, Turk, Dusan, additional, Turk, Vito, additional, Turner, Anthony J., additional, Uchikoba, Tetsuya, additional, Uitto, Veli-Jukka, additional, Ullmann, Dirk, additional, Valdenaire, Olivier, additional, Van Beeumen, Jozef, additional, Van de Ven, Wim J.M., additional, van den Burg, Bertus, additional, Maarten van Dijl, Jan, additional, van Roosmalen, Maarten L., additional, Van Wart, Harold E., additional, Vanoni, Marco, additional, Vath, Gregory M., additional, Velasco, Gloria, additional, Vendrell, Josep, additional, Venekei, István, additional, Vera, Pablo, additional, Verchot-Lubicz, Jeanmarie, additional, Vines, Richard R., additional, Volanakis, John E., additional, Wagner, Fred W., additional, Wainwright, Shane W., additional, Walker, Kenneth W., additional, Walker, Stephen J., additional, Wallach, Jean, additional, Walling, Linda L., additional, Walsh, Peter N., additional, Wang, P., additional, May Wang, Q., additional, Wassenaar, Alfred L.M., additional, Watts, Aaron B., additional, Weber, Joseph M., additional, Webster, Daniel R., additional, Weiss, Stephen J., additional, Wells, James A., additional, Wenzel, Herbert, additional, Wewer, Ulla M., additional, White, Judith M., additional, Wilk, Sherwin, additional, Wilkin, Jean-Marc, additional, Wilkins, Tracy D., additional, Wilkinson, Keith D., additional, Winther, Jakob R., additional, Wlodawer, Alexander, additional, Fred Woessner, J., additional, Wolfe, Michael S., additional, Wolfsberg, Tyra G., additional, Woodgate, Roger, additional, Wright, G.D., additional, Wu, Qingyu, additional, Xie, Sancai, additional, Yamagami, Kenjiro, additional, Yamaguchi, Nozomi, additional, Yamakawa, Yoshio, additional, Yamamoto, Kei, additional, Yamamoto, Shigeo, additional, Yana, Ikuo, additional, Yang, Maozhou, additional, Yasuda, Noriko, additional, Yasuhara, Toshimasa, additional, Yasumasu, Shigeki, additional, Yi, Elizabeth, additional, Yiallouros, Irene, additional, Yonezawa, Hiroo, additional, Ji Yoo, Soon, additional, Yoshimoto, Tadashi, additional, Young, Michael W., additional, Young, Stephen G., additional, Zavalova, Ludmila L., additional, Zdanov, Alexander, additional, and Zhang, Hong-Zhong, additional
- Published
- 2004
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3. Effect of three-year consumption of erythritol, xylitol and sorbitol candies on various plaque and salivary caries-related variables.
- Author
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Runnel R, Mäkinen KK, Honkala S, Olak J, Mäkinen PL, Nõmmela R, Vahlberg T, Honkala E, and Saag M
- Subjects
- Acetic Acid analysis, Bacterial Load, Calcium analysis, Child, Cohort Studies, Dental Caries microbiology, Dental Plaque chemistry, Dental Plaque microbiology, Double-Blind Method, Follow-Up Studies, Glucose analysis, Glycerol analysis, Humans, Lactic Acid analysis, Lactobacillus isolation & purification, Placebos, Propionates analysis, Prospective Studies, Saliva metabolism, Saliva microbiology, Secretory Rate physiology, Streptococcus mutans isolation & purification, Candy, Dental Caries prevention & control, Dental Plaque prevention & control, Erythritol administration & dosage, Saliva chemistry, Sorbitol administration & dosage, Sweetening Agents administration & dosage, Xylitol administration & dosage
- Abstract
Objective: The objective of the present paper is to report results from oral biologic studies carried out in connection with a caries study., Methods: Samples of whole-mouth saliva and dental plaque were collected from initially 7- to 8-year-old subjects who participated in a 3-year school-based programme investigating the effect of the consumption of polyol-containing candies on caries rates. The subjects were randomized in three cohorts, consumed erythritol, xylitol, or sorbitol candies. The daily polyol consumption from the candies was approximately 7.5 g., Results: A significant reduction in dental plaque weight from baseline (p<0.05) occurred in the erythritol group during almost all intervention years while no changes were found in xylitol and sorbitol groups. Usage of polyol candies had no significant or consistent effect on the levels of plaque protein, glucose, glycerol, or calcium, determined yearly in connection with caries examinations. After three years, the plaque of erythritol-receiving subjects contained significantly (p<0.05) lower levels of acetic acid and propionic acid than that of subjects receiving xylitol or sorbitol. Lactic acid levels partly followed the same pattern. The consumption of erythritol was generally associated with significantly (p<0.05) lower counts of salivary and plaque mutans streptococci compared with the other groups. There was no change in salivary Lactobacillus levels., Conclusion: Three-year consumption of erythritol-containing candies by initially 7- to 8-year old children was associated with reduced plaque growth, lower levels of plaque acetic acid and propionic acid, and reduced oral counts of mutans streptococci compared with the consumption of xylitol or sorbitol candies., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2013
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4. Thirty-nine-month xylitol chewing-gum programme in initially 8-year-old school children: a feasibility study focusing on mutans streptococci and lactobacilli.
- Author
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Mäkinen KK, Alanen P, Isokangas P, Isotupa K, Söderling E, Mäkinen PL, Wenhui W, Weijian W, Xiaochi C, Yi W, and Boxue Z
- Subjects
- Child, China, Colony Count, Microbial, Dental Plaque microbiology, Feasibility Studies, Humans, Logistic Models, Prospective Studies, Saliva microbiology, School Dentistry, Sorbitol pharmacology, Statistics, Nonparametric, Chewing Gum, Lactobacillus drug effects, Streptococcus mutans drug effects, Sweetening Agents pharmacology, Xylitol pharmacology
- Abstract
Aim: To investigate the use of xylitol-containing chewing-gums in public elementary schools as a means to affect the growth of salivary and plaque mutans streptococci and salivary lactobacilli., Design: Over a period of 24 months, 750 8- to 9-year-old children chewed xylitol (X group; n = 255) or xylitol-sorbitol (XS group; n = 264) gum on school days (454 days over 2 years), or chewed no gum at all (C group; n = 231). Consumption of xylitol in the X and the XS groups was 6.6 and 5.4g per day, respectively. Use of gum took place at school in four daily episodes of which three were supervised by teachers. Following the 24-month chewing-gum period, the subjects were re-examined after 15 months (total follow-up period: 39 months) at which time an extraneous comparison group (ExC; n = 117) was also examined. The numbers of subjects examined after 39 months were: X, 239; XS, 248; C3 217., Methods: Salivary and plaque levels of mutans streptococci and the salivary levels of aerobically cultured aciduric bacteria (mostly representing lactobacilli) were determined using the Orion Diagnostica Dentocult SM and LB test kits, respectively., Results: There were statistically significant differences after 24 and 39 months between the two xylitol chewing-gum groups and the C group with regard to salivary and plaque mutans streptococci and salivary lactobacilli: the use of xylitol-containing chewing-gums significantly reduced these bacterial scores. The reductions were statistically more significant in the X group than in the XS group. The bacterial scores of groups C and ExC were similar., Conclusions: Long-term use of xylitol-containing chewing-gum can reduce the growth of mutans streptococci in saliva and dental plaque, and lactobacilli-type bacteria in saliva, even if xylitol is used only on school days. The results also suggest that xylitol gum use can have a long-term, delayed growth-retarding effect on these micro-organisms, since reduced bacterial growth was still observed 15 months following the termination of xylitol use. The results indicate a close biochemical relationship between xylitol and mutans streptococci, and suggest that a similar relationship may exist regarding aerobically cultured aciduric bacteria present in saliva.
- Published
- 2008
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5. Six-month polyol chewing-gum programme in kindergarten-age children: a feasibility study focusing on mutans streptococci and dental plaque.
- Author
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Mäkinen KK, Isotupa KP, Mäkinen PL, Söderling E, Song KB, Nam SH, and Jeong SH
- Subjects
- Child, Preschool, Dental Plaque microbiology, Dental Plaque prevention & control, Dental Plaque Index, Epidemiologic Methods, Female, Humans, Korea, Male, Polymers therapeutic use, Program Evaluation, Chewing Gum, Dental Plaque drug therapy, Sorbitol therapeutic use, Streptococcal Infections drug therapy, Streptococcus mutans drug effects, Streptococcus sobrinus drug effects, Sweetening Agents therapeutic use, Xylitol therapeutic use
- Abstract
Aim: To investigate the use of polyol-containing chewing gums in a day-care centre (kindergarten) setting as a means to affect the growth of mutans streptococci and dental plaque., Design: Over a period of six months, 123 five-year-old children chewed xylitol (X group), sorbitol (G group), or did not chew gum (C group). Consumption of xylitol, and sorbitol was 4.5 to 5.0 g per day and subjects consumed in five supervised daily chewing episodes four at the day-care centres and one at home., Methods: Interproximal dental plaque was sampled at baseline and after six months for a laboratory study of mutans streptococci counts. The Quigley & Hein plaque index procedure was used. Interviews and questionnaires elucidated the acceptability of the programme., Results: Parents and kindergarten personnel regarded the programme as an important, additional procedure to promote better oral health. The children regarded the use of chewing gum as a pleasurable experience. Compared with groups G and C, there was a statistically significant reduction of mutans streptococci in the interproximal plaque in the X group. The Quigley & Hein plaque index scores tended to decrease in the X group, while no such trend was observed in the G group., Conclusions: Habitual use of relatively small daily quantities of polyol-containing chewing gum by young children may be regarded as an important additional caries-preventive procedure in a combined day-care centre and home setting. Especially xylitol-containing chewing gum may significantly reduce the growth of mutans streptococci and dental plaque which may be associated with dental caries.
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
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