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1. Long term health outcomes in people with diabetes 12 months after hospitalisation with COVID-19 in the UK: a prospective cohort studyResearch in context

Author

Safoora Gharibzadeh, Ash Routen, Cameron Razieh, Francesco Zaccardi, Claire Lawson, Clare Gillies, Simon Heller, Melanie Davies, Helen Atkins, Stephen C. Bain, Nazir L. Lone, Krisnah Poinasamy, Tunde Peto, Elizabeth Robertson, Bob Young, Desmond Johnston, Jennifer Quint, Jonathan Valabhji, Khalida Ismail, Michael Marks, Alex Horsley, Annemarie Docherty, Ewen Harrison, James Chalmers, Ling-Pei Ho, Betty Raman, Chris Brightling, Omer Elneima, Rachel Evans, Neil Greening, Victoria C. Harris, Linzy Houchen-Wolloff, Marco Sereno, Aarti Shikotra, Amisha Singapuri, Louise Wain, Claudia Langenberg, John Dennis, John Petrie, Naveed Sattar, Olivia Leavy, Mattew Richardson, Ruth M. Saunders, Anne McArdle, Hamish McASuley, Tom Yates, Kamlesh Khunti, C.E. Brightling, R.A. Evans, L.V. Wain, J.D. Chalmers, V.C. Harris, L.P. Ho, A. Horsley, M. Marks, K. Poinasamy, B. Raman, A. Shikotra, A. Singapuri, R. Dowling, C. Edwardson, O. Elneima, S. Finney, N.J. Greening, B. Hargadon, L. Houchen--Wolloff, O.C. Leavy, H.J.C. McAuley, C. Overton, T. Plekhanova, R.M. Saunders, M. Sereno, C. Taylor, S. Terry, C. Tong, B. Zhao, D. Lomas, E. Sapey, C. Berry, C.E. Bolton, N. Brunskill, E.R. Chilvers, R. Djukanovic, Y. Ellis, D. Forton, N. French, J. George, N.A. Hanley, N. Hart, L. McGarvey, N. Maskell, H. McShane, M. Parkes, D. Peckham, P. Pfeffer, A. Sayer, A. Sheikh, A.A.R. Thompson, N. Williams, W. Greenhalf, M.G. Semple, M. Ashworth, H.E. Hardwick, L. Lavelle-Langham, W. Reynolds, V. Shaw, B. Venson, A.B. Docherty, E.M. Harrison, J.K. Baillie, L. Daines, R. Free, S. Kerr, N.I. Lone, D. Lozano-Rojas, K. Ntotsis, R. Pius, J. Quint, M. Richardson, M. Thorpe, M. Halling-Brown, F. Gleeson, J. Jacob, S. Neubauer, S. Siddiqui, J.M. Wild, S. Aslani, G. Baxter, M. Beggs, C. Bloomfield, M.P. Cassar, A. Chiribiri, E. Cox, D.J. Cuthbertson, V.M. Ferreira, L. Finnigan, S. Francis, P. Jezzard, G.J. Kemp, H. Lamlum, E. Lukaschuk, C. Manisty, G.P. McCann, C. McCracken, K. McGlynn, R. Menke, C.A. Miller, A.J. Moss, T.E. Nichols, C. Nikolaidou, C. O'Brien, G. Ogbole, B. Rangelov, D.P. O'Regan, A. Pakzad, S. Piechnik, S. Plein, I. Propescu, A.A. Samat, L. Saunders, Z.B. Sanders, R. Steeds, T. Treibel, E.M. Tunnicliffe, M. Webster, J. Willoughby, J. Weir McCall, C. Xie, M. Xu, H. Baxendale, M. Brown, B. Gooptu, R.G. Jenkins, D. Jones, I. Koychev, C. Langenberg, A. Lawrie, P.L. Molyneaux, J. Pearl, M. Ralser, N. Sattar, J.T. Scott, T. Shaw, D. Thomas, D. Wilkinson, L.G. Heaney, A. De Soyza, D. Adeloye, J.S. Brown, J. Busby, C. Echevarria, J. Hurst, P. Novotny, C. Nicolaou, I. Rudan, M. Shankar-Hari, S. Walker, B. Zheng, J.R. Geddes, M. Hotopf, K. Abel, R. Ahmed, L. Allan, C. Armour, D. Baguley, D. Baldwin, C. Ballard, K. Bhui, G. Breen, K. Breeze, M. Broome, T. Brugha, E. Bullmore, D. Burn, F. Callard, J. Cavanagh, T. Chalder, D. Clark, A. David, B. Deakin, H. Dobson, B. Elliott, J. Evans, R. Francis, E. Guthrie, P. Harrison, M. Henderson, A. Hosseini, N. Huneke, M. Husain, T. Jackson, I. Jones, T. Kabir, P. Kitterick, A. Korszun, J. Kwan, A. Lingford-Hughes, P. Mansoori, H. McAllister-Williams, K. McIvor, B. Michael, L. Milligan, R. Morriss, E. Mukaetova-Ladinska, K. Munro, A. Nevado-Holgado, T. Nicholson, S. Paddick, C. Pariante, J. Pimm, K. Saunders, M. Sharpe, G. Simons, J.P. Taylor, R. Upthegrove, S. Wessely, S. Amoils, C. Antoniades, A. Banerjee, A. Bularga, P. Chowienczyk, J.P. Greenwood, A.D. Hughes, K. Khunti, C. Lawson, N.L. Mills, A.N. Sattar, C.L. Sudlow, M. Toshner, P.J.M. Openshaw, D. Altmann, R. Batterham, N. Bishop, P.C. Calder, C.M. Efstathiou, J.L. Heeney, T. Hussell, P. Klenerman, F. Liew, J.M. Lord, P. Moss, S.L. Rowland-Jones, W. Schwaeble, R.S. Thwaites, L. Turtle, S. Walmsley, D. Wraith, M.J. Rowland, A. Rostron, B. Connolly, D.F. McAuley, D. Parekh, J. Simpson, C. Summers, J. Porter, R.J. Allen, R. Aul, S. Barratt, P. Beirne, J. Blaikley, R.C. Chambers, N. Chaudhuri, C. Coleman, E. Denneny, L. Fabbri, P.M. George, M. Gibbons, B. Guillen Guio, I. Hall, E. Hufton, I. Jarrold, G. Jenkins, S. Johnson, M.G. Jones, S. Jones, F. Khan, P. Mehta, J. Mitchell, J.E. Pearl, K. Piper Hanley, P. Rivera-Ortega, L.C. Saunders, D. Smith, M. Spears, L.G. Spencer, S. Stanel, I. Stewart, D. Thickett, R. Thwaites, S. Walsh, D.G. Wootton, L. Wright, S. Heller, M.J. Davies, H. Atkins, S. Bain, J. Dennis, K. Ismail, D. Johnston, P. Kar, P. McArdle, A. McGovern, T. Peto, J. Petrie, E. Robertson, K. Shah, J. Valabhji, B. Young, L.S. Howard, Mark Toshner, J. Newman, L. Price, A. Reddy, J. Rossdale, C. Sudlow, M. Wilkins, S.J. Singh, W.D.-C. Man, N. Armstrong, E. Baldry, M. Baldwin, N. Basu, M. Beadsworth, L. Bishop, A. Briggs, M. Buch, G. Carson, H. Chinoy, C. Dawson, E. Daynes, S. Defres, L. Gardiner, P. Greenhaff, S. Greenwood, M. Harvie, L. HOuchen-Wolloff, S. MacDonald, A. McArdle, A. McMahon, M. McNarry, G. Mills, C. Nolan, K. O'Donnell, Pimm, J. Sargent, L. Sigfrid, M. Steiner, D. Stensel, A.L. Tan, I. Vogiatzis, J. Whitney, D. Wilson, M. Witham, T. Yates, C. Laing, K. Bramham, P. Chowdhury, A. Frankel, L. Lightstone, S. McAdoo, K. McCafferty, M. Ostermann, N. Selby, C. Sharpe, M. Willicombe, L. Houchen-Wolloff, J. Bunker, R. Gill, C. Hastie, R. Nathu, N. Rogers, N. Smith, A. Shaw, L. Armstrong, B. Hairsine, H. Henson, C. Kurasz, L. Shenton, S. Fairbairn, A. Dell, N. Hawkings, J. Haworth, M. Hoare, A. Lucey, V. Lewis, G. Mallison, H. Nassa, C. Pennington, A. Price, C. Price, A. Storrie, G. Willis, S. Young, K. Chong-James, C. David, W.Y. James, A. Martineau, O. Zongo, A. Sanderson, V. Brown, T. Craig, S. Drain, B. King, N. Magee, D. McAulay, E. Major, J. McGinness, R. Stone, A. Haggar, A. Bolger, F. Davies, J. Lewis, A. Lloyd, R. Manley, E. McIvor, D. Menzies, K. Roberts, W. Saxon, D. Southern, C. Subbe, V. Whitehead, H. El-Taweel, J. Dawson, L. Robinson, D. Saralaya, L. Brear, K. Regan, K. Storton, J. Fuld, A. Bermperi, I. Cruz, K. Dempsey, A. Elmer, H. Jones, S. Jose, S. Marciniak, C. Ribeiro, J. Taylor, L. Watson, J. Worsley, R. Sabit, L. Broad, A. Buttress, T. Evans, M. Haynes, L. Jones, L. Knibbs, A. McQueen, C. Oliver, K. Paradowski, J. Williams, E. Harris, C. Sampson, C. Lynch, E. Davies, C. Evenden, A. Hancock, K. Hancock, M. Rees, L. Roche, N. Stroud, T. Thomas-Woods, M. Babores, J. Bradley-Potts, M. Holland, N. Keenan, S. Shashaa, H. Wassall, E. Beranova, H. Weston, T. Cosier, L. Austin, J. Deery, T. Hazelton, H. Ramos, R. Solly, S. Turney, L. Pearce, W. McCormick, S. Pugmire, W. Stoker, A. Wilson, L.A. Aguilar Jimenez, G. Arbane, S. Betts, K. Bisnauthsing, A. Dewar, G. Kaltsakas, H. Kerslake, M.M. Magtoto, P. Marino, L.M. Martinez, T.S. Solano, E. Wynn, W. Storrar, M. Alvarez Corral, A. Arias, E. Bevan, D. Griffin, J. Martin, J. Owen, S. Payne, A. Prabhu, A. Reed, C. Wrey Brown, T. Burdett, J. Featherstone, A. Layton, C. Mills, L. Stephenson, N. Easom, P. Atkin, K. Brindle, M.G. Crooks, K. Drury, R. Flockton, L. Holdsworth, A. Richards, D.L. Sykes, S. Thackray-Nocera, C. Wright, K.E. Lewis, A. Mohamed, G. Ross, S. Coetzee, K. Davies, R. Hughes, R. Loosley, L. O'Brien, Z. Omar, H. McGuinness, E. Perkins, J. Phipps, A. Taylor, H. Tench, R. Wolf-Roberts, O. Kon, D.C. Thomas, S. Anifowose, L. Burden, E. Calvelo, B. Card, C. Carr, D. Copeland, P. Cullinan, P. Daly, L. Evison, T. Fayzan, H. Gordon, S. Haq, C. King, K. March, M. Mariveles, L. McLeavey, N. Mohamed, S. Moriera, U. Munawar, J. Nunag, U. Nwanguma, L. Orriss-Dib, A. Ross, M. Roy, E. Russell, K. Samuel, J. Schronce, N. Simpson, L. Tarusan, C. Wood, N. Yasmin, R. Reddy, A.-M. Guerdette, M. Hewitt, K. Warwick, S. White, A.M. Shah, C.J. Jolley, O. Adeyemi, R. Adrego, H. Assefa-Kebede, J. Breeze, S. Byrne, P. Dulawan, A. Hayday, A. Hoare, A. Knighton, M. Malim, S. Patale, I. Peralta, N. Powell, A. Ramos, K. Shevket, F. Speranza, A. Te, A. Ashworth, J. Clarke, C. Coupland, M. Dalton, E. Wade, C. Favager, J. Greenwood, J. Glossop, L. Hall, T. Hardy, A. Humphries, J. Murira, J. Rangeley, G. Saalmink, B. Whittam, N. Window, J. Woods, G. Coakley, L. Allerton, A. Berridge, J. Brown, S. Cooper, A. Cross, S.L. Dobson, J. Earley, K. Hainey, J. Hawkes, V. Highett, S. Kaprowska, A.L. Key, S. Koprowska, N. Lewis-Burke, G. Madzamba, F. Malein, S. Marsh, C. Mears, L. Melling, M.J. Noonan, L. Poll, J. Pratt, E. Richardson, A. Rowe, K.A. Tripp, B. Vinson, L.O. Wajero, S.A. Williams-Howard, J. Wyles, S.N. Diwanji, P. Papineni, S. Gurram, S. Quaid, G.F. Tiongson, E. Watson, B. Al-Sheklly, C. Avram, P. Barran, J. Blaikely, N. Choudhury, D. Faluyi, T. Felton, T. Gorsuch, Z. Kausar, N. Odell, R. Osbourne, K. Radhakrishnan, S. Stockdale, D. Trivedi, A. Ayoub, G. Burns, G. Davies, H. Fisher, C. Francis, A. Greenhalgh, P. Hogarth, J. Hughes, K. Jiwa, G. Jones, G. MacGowan, D. Price, H. Tedd, S. Thomas, S. West, S. Wright, A. Young, M.J. McMahon, P. Neill, D. Anderson, H. Bayes, D. Grieve, I.B. McInnes, A. Brown, A. Dougherty, K. Fallon, L. Gilmour, K. Mangion, A. Morrow, K. Scott, R. Sykes, R. Touyz, E.K. Sage, F. Barrett, A. Donaldson, M. Patel, D. Bell, R. Hamil, K. Leitch, L. Macliver, J. Quigley, A. Smith, B. Welsh, G. Choudhury, S. Clohisey, A. Deans, J. Furniss, S. Kelly, D.E. Newby, D. Connell, A. Elliott, C. Deas, S. Mohammed, J. Rowland, A.R. Solstice, D. Sutherland, C.J. Tee, D. Arnold, S. Barrett, H. Adamali, A. Dipper, S. Dunn, A. Morley, L. Morrison, L. Stadon, S. Waterson, H. Welch, B. Jayaraman, T. Light, P. Almeida, J. Bonnington, M. Chrystal, C. Dupont, A. Gupta, L. Howard, W. Jang, S. Linford, L. Matthews, R. Needham, A. Nikolaidis, S. Prosper, K. Shaw, A.K. Thomas, N.M. Rahman, M. Ainsworth, A. Alamoudi, A. Bates, A. Bloss, A. Burns, P. Carter, M. Cassar, K.M. Channon, J. Chen, F. Conneh, T. Dong, R.I. Evans, E. Fraser, X. Fu, M. Havinden-Williams, N. Kanellakis, P. Kurupati, X. Li, C. Megson, K. Motohashi, D. Nicoll, G. Ogg, E. Pacpaco, M. Pavlides, Y. Peng, N. Petousi, J. Propescu, N. Rahman, N. Talbot, E. Tunnicliffe, B. Patel, R.E. Barker, D. Cristiano, N. Dormand, M. Gummadi, S. Kon, K. Liyanage, C.M. Nolan, S. Patel, O. Polgar, P. Shah, J.A. Walsh, H. Jarvis, S. Mandal, S. Ahmad, S. Brill, L. Lim, D. Matila, O. Olaosebikan, C. Singh, L. Garner, C. Johnson, J. Mackie, A. Michael, J. Pack, K. Paques, H. Parfrey, J. Parmar, N. Diar Bakerly, P. Dark, D. Evans, E. Hardy, A. Harvey, D. Holgate, S. Knight, N. Mairs, N. Majeed, L. McMorrow, J. Oxton, J. Pendlebury, C. Summersgill, R. Ugwuoke, S. Whittaker, W. Matimba-Mupaya, S. Strong-Sheldrake, J. Bagshaw, M. Begum, K. Birchall, R. Butcher, H. Carborn, F. Chan, K. Chapman, Y. Cheng, L. Chetham, C. Clark, Z. Coburn, J. Cole, M. Dixon, A. Fairman, J. Finnigan, H. Foot, D. Foote, A. Ford, R. Gregory, K. Harrington, L. Haslam, L. Hesselden, J. Hockridge, A. Holbourn, B. Holroyd-Hind, L. Holt, A. Howell, E. Hurditch, F. Ilyas, C. Jarman, E. Lee, J.-H. Lee, R. Lenagh, A. Lye, I. Macharia, M. Marshall, A. Mbuyisa, J. McNeill, S. Megson, J. Meiring, L. Milner, S. Misra, H. Newell, T. Newman, C. Norman, L. Nwafor, D. Pattenadk, M. Plowright, P. Ravencroft, C. Roddis, J. Rodger, P. Saunders, J. Sidebottom, J. Smith, L. Smith, N. Steele, G. Stephens, R. Stimpson, B. Thamu, N. Tinker, K. Turner, H. Turton, P. Wade, J. Watson, I. Wilson, A. Zawia, M. Ali, A. Dunleavy, N. Msimanga, M. Mencias, T. Samakomva, S. Siddique, J. Teixeira, V. Tavoukjian, J. Hutchinson, L. Allsop, K. Bennett, P. Buckley, M. Flynn, M. Gill, C. Goodwin, M. Greatorex, H. Gregory, C. Heeley, L. Holloway, M. Holmes, J. Kirk, W. Lovegrove, T.A. Sewell, S. Shelton, D. Sissons, K. Slack, S. Smith, D. Sowter, S. Turner, V. Whitworth, I. Wynter, L. Warburton, S. Painter, J. Tomlinson, C. Vickers, T. Wainwright, D. Redwood, J. Tilley, S. Palmer, G.A. Davies, L. Connor, A. Cook, T. Rees, F. Thaivalappil, C. Thomas, A. Butt, M. Coulding, S. Kilroy, J. McCormick, J. McIntosh, H. Savill, V. Turner, J. Vere, E. Fraile, J. Ugoji, S.S. Kon, H. Lota, G. Landers, M. Nasseri, S. Portukhay, A. Hormis, A. Daniels, J. Ingham, L. Zeidan, M. Chablani, L. Osborne, N. Ahwireng, B. Bang, D. Basire, A. Checkley, R. Evans, M. Heightman, T. Hillman, S. Janes, R. Jastrub, M. Lipman, S. Logan, M. Merida Morillas, H. Plant, J.C. Porter, K. Roy, E. Wall, B. Williams, N. Ahmad Haider, C. Atkin, R. Baggott, M. Bates, A. Botkai, A. Casey, B. Cooper, J. Dasgin, K. Draxlbauer, N. Gautam, J. Hazeldine, T. Hiwot, S. Holden, K. Isaacs, V. Kamwa, D. Lewis, S. Madathil, C. McGhee, K. Mcgee, A. Neal, A. Newton Cox, J. Nyaboko, Z. Peterkin, H. Qureshi, L. Ratcliffe, J. Short, T. Soulsby, J. Stockley, Z. Suleiman, T. Thompson, M. Ventura, S. Walder, C. Welch, S. Yasmin, K.P. Yip, P. Beckett, C. Dickens, U. Nanda, M. Aljaroof, H. Arnold, H. Aung, M. Bakali, M. Bakau, M. Bingham, M. Bourne, C. Bourne, P. Cairns, L. Carr, A. Charalambou, C. Christie, S. Diver, S. Edwards, H. Evans, J. Finch, S. Glover, N. Goodman, B. Gootpu, K. Hadley, P. Haldar, W. Ibrahim, L. Ingram, A. Lea, D. Lee, P. McCourt, T. Mcnally, A. Moss, W. Monteiro, M. Pareek, S. Parker, A. Rowland, A. Prickett, I.N. Qureshi, R. Russell, N. Samani, M. Sharma, J. Skeemer, M. Soares, E. Stringer, T. Thornton, M. Tobin, E. Turner, T.J.C. Ward, F. Woodhead, J. Wormleighton, A. Yousuf, C. Childs, S. Fletcher, M. Harvey, E. Marouzet, B. Marshall, R. Samuel, T. Sass, T. Wallis, H. Wheeler, R. Dharmagunawardena, E. Bright, P. Crisp, M. Stern, A. Wight, L. Bailey, A. Reddington, A. Ashish, J. Cooper, E. Robinson, A. Broadley, K. Howard, L. Barman, C. Brookes, K. Elliott, L. Griffiths, Z. Guy, D. Ionita, H. Redfearn, C. Sarginson, A. Turnbull, K. Holmes, and K. Lewis

Subjects
Diabetes, Covid-19, Long Covid, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Summary: Background: People with diabetes are at increased risk of hospitalisation, morbidity, and mortality following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Long-term outcomes for people with diabetes previously hospitalised with COVID-19 are, however, unknown. This study aimed to determine the longer-term physical and mental health effects of COVID-19 in people with and without diabetes. Methods: The PHOSP-COVID study is a multicentre, long-term follow-up study of adults discharged from hospital between 1 February 2020 and 31 March 2021 in the UK following COVID-19, involving detailed assessment at 5 and 12 months after discharge. The association between diabetes status and outcomes were explored using multivariable linear and logistic regressions. Findings: People with diabetes who survived hospital admission with COVID-19 display worse physical outcomes compared to those without diabetes at 5- and 12-month follow-up. People with diabetes displayed higher fatigue (only at 5 months), frailty, lower physical performance, and health-related quality of life and poorer cognitive function. Differences in outcomes between diabetes status groups were largely consistent from 5 to 12-months. In regression models, differences at 5 and 12 months were attenuated after adjustment for BMI and presence of other long-term conditions. Interpretation: People with diabetes reported worse physical outcomes up to 12 months after hospital discharge with COVID-19 compared to those without diabetes. These data support the need to reduce inequalities in long-term physical and mental health effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection in people with diabetes. Funding: UK Research and Innovation and National Institute for Health Research. The study was approved by the Leeds West Research Ethics Committee (20/YH/0225) and is registered on the ISRCTN Registry (ISRCTN10980107).

Published
2025
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2. Autoantibodies to type I interferons in patients with systemic mastocytosis

Author

Vivian Cao, MS, Serena J. Lee, BS, Yun Bai, MS, Steven M. Holland, MD, Lindsey B. Rosen, PhD, Dean D. Metcalfe, MD, MS, and Hirsh D. Komarow, MD

Subjects
Autoantibodies, type I interferons, cytokines, mastocytosis, mast cell, inflammatory, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract

Background: Autoantibodies to type I interferons have been identified in association with a variety of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Type I interferons have demonstrated inhibitory effects on mast cell proliferation and degranulation. Systemic mastocytosis (SM) is a disease characterized by increased mast cell burden and mediator release. Whether autoantibodies to type I interferon are present in the sera of patients with SM, and if so, whether they correlate with characteristics of disease, is unknown. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether autoantibodies to type I interferons are observed in the sera of patients with SM, and if so, whether they correlate with biomarkers of disease severity. Methods: We analyzed sera from 89 patients with SM for concentrations of autoantibodies to type I interferon by using a multiplex particle-based assay and signal neutralization capacity by using a STAT1 activity assay and then compared these measurements with those in a database of information on 1284 healthy controls. Results: Our cohort was predominantly female (57.3%), with a median age of 56 years. Of the cohort members, 13 produced autoantibodies to IFN-β, 3 to IFN-ω, and 0 to IFN-α. None of the 13 sera demonstrated signal neutralization. Neither autoantibody concentration nor signaling inhibition measurements correlated with tryptase concentrations or D816V allele burden. Conclusion: Although a small subpopulation of patients with SM have autoantibodies to type I interferons, there was no correlation between autoantibody production and signaling inhibition. These data are consistent with the conclusion that autoantibodies to type I interferon do not play a significant role in the pathogenesis or severity of SM.

Published
2024
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3. Remote cognitive behavioral therapy utilizing an in-home virtual reality toolkit (Vx Therapy) reduces pain, anxiety, and depression in patients with chronic cervical and lumbar spondylytic pain: A potential alternative to opioids in multimodal pain management

Author

Matthew J. McGirt, MD, Christopher M. Holland, MD, PhD, S. Harrison Farber, MD, Scott L. Zuckerman, MD, MPH, Michael S. Spertus, MD, Nicholas Theodore, MD, Deborah Pfortmiller, PhD, and Gerry Stanley, MD

Subjects
Virtual reality therapy, Cognitive behavioral therapy, CBT, Spondylytic pain, Chronic pain, Neck pain, Back pain, Orthopedic surgery, RD701-811, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract

Background Context: Virtual reality (VR) reduces pain through visual and auditory distraction without narcotic-related side effects or dependency. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) improves pain-related disability and quality of life, but patient access remains a challenge. We hypothesized that in-home weekly CBT coordinated with daily use of a proprietary VR toolkit will reduce pain, anxiety, and depression for patients with non-operative chronic cervical and lumbar spondylitic pain with and without radiculopathy. Methods: A total of 145 patients with chronic spondylitic pain (63 cervical, 46 noradicular lumbar, 36 radicular lumbar) were enrolled into a guided 14-week VR+CBT program (Vx Therapy) consisting of weekly encounters with a trained therapist and 50 modules. Pain/anxiety severity scores and time to pain recurrence were recorded prospectively by patients. PROMIS measures of overall daily pain intensity, behavior, interference, anxiety, and depression were recorded at baseline and conclusion of the program. Results: A total of 52% of the 145 patients were male. The average (SD) age of the cohort was 51 (10.7) years (range: 24–76 years). Mean score for all PROMIS domains were significantly improved after 14 weeks of Vx Therapy (pain intensity 36±24 vs. 28±21, interference 39±25 vs. 24±21, behavior 35±21 vs. 25±16, anxiety 51±28 vs. 41±26, depression 58±32 vs. 48±32) for the entire cohort and each diagnosis group. Virtual reality acutely reduced pain on average by 33% (4.5±2.5 vs. 6.7±2.2, p

Published
2023
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4. At what scale should we assess the health of pelagic habitats? Trade-offs between small-scale manageable pressures and the need for regional upscaling

Author

C.A. Graves, M. Best, A. Atkinson, B. Bear, E. Bresnan, M. Holland, D.G. Johns, M. Machairopoulou, A. McQuatters-Gollop, A. Mellor, C. Ostle, K. Paxman, S. Pitois, P. Tett, and M. Devlin

Subjects
Assessment areas, Ecohydrodynamic Units, Plankton, Functional groups, Plankton Index, Monitoring, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract

Major planktonic lifeforms such as diatoms, dinoflagellates, meroplankton and holoplankton have recently shown significant and alarming changes in abundance - mainly downwards trends - around the northwest European shelf. This has major implications for food web connections and for ecosystem services including seafood provision and carbon storage. We have quantified these changes in abundance for 2006–2019/20 using a Plankton Index (PI) and show that the scale of spatial aggregation is critical to the ability of the PI to detect change, understand causal mechanisms, and provide advice to policymakers.We derived PI statistics in the Celtic and North Seas from data from the Continuous Plankton Recorder survey offshore and England’s Environment Agency inshore using three sets of spatial units: (i) Ecohydrodynamic (EHD) units based on hydro-biogeochemical modelling, (ii) ‘COMP4′ areas based on cluster analysis of satellite data for chlorophyll a and primary productivity, and (iii) English coastal and estuarine Water Framework Directive (WFD) waterbodies. For the largest scale areas, the EHD units (median size 87,000 km2), we find greater change in plankton communities than previously reported, suggesting that these shifts have continued and possibly intensified in recent years. The smaller-scale COMP4 areas (median size 6,700 km2) appear to encompass more spatially coherent changes in plankton community structure than EHD units; at this scale PI values indicate community shifts of greater magnitude. These COMP4 areas provide a reasonable compromise scale for linking offshore plankton communities to large-scale drivers of change such as climate warming. For inshore plankton communities, larger changes are detected at the smaller WFD waterbody scale (median size 11 km2). This scale allows direct links to coastal management measures and is more suitable for linking to land-sourced pressures.Recent integration of the UK’s OSPAR and WFD plankton monitoring data management enables the exploration of changes across spatial scales to develop a holistic understanding of ecosystem health. Regional-sea scale derivation of the PI for coastal waters provides a clear indication that changes are occurring, at least in phytoplankton communities, while localised PI statistics offer an additional layer of information which can be an important tool for linking to localised drivers of change including coastal anthropogenic pressures. Broadscale inshore zooplankton monitoring is needed to evaluate the coastal plankton community holistically; zooplankton communities offshore are also changing but these changes cannot currently be linked to coastal processes. Layering information across spatial scales provides a breadth of system-level understanding beyond what any one typology can provide.

Published
2023
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5. Spatio-temporal transferability of environmentally-dependent population models: Insights from the intrinsic predictabilities of Adélie penguin abundance time series

Author

Bilgecan Şen, Christian Che-Castaldo, Kristen M. Krumhardt, Laura Landrum, Marika M. Holland, Michelle A. LaRue, Matthew C. Long, Stéphanie Jenouvrier, and Heather J. Lynch

Subjects
Forecasting, Population dynamics, Adélie penguin, Antarctica, Earth system models, Distance decay, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract

Ecological predictions are necessary for testing whether processes hypothesized to regulate species population dynamics are generalizable across time and space. In order to demonstrate generalizability, model predictions should be transferable in one or more dimensions, where transferability is the successful prediction of responses outside of the model data bounds. While much is known as to what makes spatially-oriented models transferable, there is no general consensus as to the spatio-temporal transferability of ecological time series models. Here, we examine whether the intrinsic predictability of a time series, as measured by its complexity, could limit such transferability using an exceptional long-term dataset of Adélie penguin breeding abundance time series collected at 24 colonies around Antarctica. For each colony, we select a suite of environmental variables from the Community Earth System Model, version 2 to predict population growth rates, before assessing how well these environmentally-dependent population models transfer temporally and how reliably temporal signals replicate through space. We show that weighted permutation entropy (WPE), a model-free measure of intrinsic predictability recently introduced to ecology, varies spatially across Adélie penguin populations, perhaps in response to stochastic environmental events. We demonstrate that WPE can strongly limit temporal predictive performance, although this relationship could be weakened if intrinsic predictability is not constant over time. Lastly, we show that WPE can also limit spatial forecast horizon, which we define as the decay in spatial predictive performance with respect to the physical distance between focal colony and predicted colony. Irrespective of intrinsic predictability, spatial forecast horizons for all Adélie penguin breeding colonies included in this study are surprisingly short and our population models often have similar temporal and spatial predictive performance compared to null models based on long-term average growth rates. For cases where time series are complex, as measured by WPE, and the transferability of biologically-motivated mechanistic models are poor, we advise that null models should instead be used for prediction. These models are likely better at capturing more generalizable relationships between average growth rates and long-term environmental conditions. Lastly, we recommend that WPE can provide valuable insights when evaluating model performance, designing sampling or monitoring programs, or assessing the appropriateness of preexisting datasets for making conservation management decisions in response to environmental change.

Published
2023
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6. Can novel seed mixes provide a more diverse, abundant, earlier, and longer-lasting floral resource for bees than current mixes?

Author

Rachel N. Nichols, John M. Holland, and Dave Goulson

Subjects
Wildflowers, Seed mix, Agri-environment scheme, Pollinators, Bumblebees, Solitary bees, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract

Several agri-environment schemes aim to improve pollinator diversity and abundance, including the sowing of wildflower areas. These seed mixes are often either low in floral diversity and target few pollinator species (mainly social bees), or high in floral diversity but with limited evidence of good establishment of the component species. In order to support a greater diversity of wild bees in farmland, we need more diverse seed mixes, containing species shown to support a wide diversity of insect pollinators, with good establishment and long flowering periods. Here we trialled two typical seed mixes, a low-diversity Fabaceae-heavy mix (FAB) and a more diverse wildflower mix (WF), against two novel wildflower mixes, one based on literature sources (LT), and one based on first-hand surveys of pollinator attraction to flowers growing on a wildflower farm (WB). Both new mixes were focussed on plants attractive to wild bee species. Replicated field plots were set up on two farms and monitored over three years. Our novel wildflower mixes had higher floral diversity and abundance than the FAB mix, and began flowering earlier, reaching their floral peak before the FAB mix, potentially providing forage for a broader range of pollinators or those with earlier flight seasons. The high floral abundance in LT and WB was driven by annuals in the first year, and then multiple perennials in the second and third year. We identified five perennials from four families (Daucus carota, Leucanthemum vulgare, Geranium pyrenaicum, Lotus corniculatus and Trifolium hybridum) that established well on both farms, are known to be attractive to a diversity of bee species, and thus could be considered as providing a more taxonomically diverse base for creating future mixes. However, the mixes provided few floral resources in April (needed by early-flying wild bees), and more research is required in this area.

Published
2022
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7. Prevalence of physical frailty, including risk factors, up to 1 year after hospitalisation for COVID-19 in the UK: a multicentre, longitudinal cohort studyResearch in context

Author

Hamish J.C. McAuley, Rachael A. Evans, Charlotte E. Bolton, Christopher E. Brightling, James D. Chalmers, Annemarie B. Docherty, Omer Elneima, Paul L. Greenhaff, Ayushman Gupta, Victoria C. Harris, Ewen M. Harrison, Ling-Pei Ho, Alex Horsley, Linzy Houchen-Wolloff, Caroline J. Jolley, Olivia C. Leavy, Nazir I. Lone, William D-C Man, Michael Marks, Dhruv Parekh, Krisnah Poinasamy, Jennifer K. Quint, Betty Raman, Matthew Richardson, Ruth M. Saunders, Marco Sereno, Aarti Shikotra, Amisha Singapuri, Sally J. Singh, Michael Steiner, Ai Lyn Tan, Louise V. Wain, Carly Welch, Julie Whitney, Miles D. Witham, Janet Lord, Neil J. Greening, K. Abel, H. Adamali, D. Adeloye, O. Adeyemi, R. Adrego, L.A. Aguilar Jimenez, S. Ahmad, N. Ahmad Haider, R. Ahmed, N. Ahwireng, M. Ainsworth, B. Al-Sheklly, A. Alamoudi, M. Ali, M. Aljaroof, A.M. All, L. Allan, R.J. Allen, L. Allerton, L. Allsop, P. Almeida, D. Altmann, M. Alvarez Corral, S. Amoils, D. Anderson, C. Antoniades, G. Arbane, A. Arias, C. Armour, L. Armstrong, N. Armstrong, D. Arnold, H. Arnold, A. Ashish, A. Ashworth, M. Ashworth, S. Aslani, H. Assefa-Kebede, C. Atkin, P. Atkin, R. Aul, H. Aung, L. Austin, C. Avram, A. Ayoub, M. Babores, R. Baggott, J. Bagshaw, D. Baguley, L. Bailey, J.K. Baillie, S. Bain, M. Bakali, M. Bakau, E. Baldry, D. Baldwin, M. Baldwin, C. Ballard, A. Banerjee, B. Bang, R.E. Barker, L. Barman, S. Barratt, F. Barrett, D. Basire, N. Basu, M. Bates, A. Bates, R. Batterham, H. Baxendale, H. Bayes, M. Beadsworth, P. Beckett, M. Beggs, M. Begum, P. Beirne, D. Bell, R. Bell, K. Bennett, E. Beranova, A. Bermperi, A. Berridge, C. Berry, S. Betts, E. Bevan, K. Bhui, M. Bingham, K. Birchall, L. Bishop, K. Bisnauthsing, J. Blaikely, A. Bloss, A. Bolger, C.E. Bolton, J. Bonnington, A. Botkai, C. Bourne, M. Bourne, K. Bramham, L. Brear, G. Breen, J. Breeze, A. Briggs, E. Bright, C.E. Brightling, S. Brill, K. Brindle, L. Broad, A. Broadley, C. Brookes, M. Broome, A. Brown, J. Brown, J.S. Brown, M. Brown, V. Brown, T. Brugha, N. Brunskill, M. Buch, P. Buckley, A. Bularga, E. Bullmore, L. Burden, T. Burdett, D. Burn, G. Burns, A. Burns, J. Busby, R. Butcher, A. Butt, S. Byrne, P. Cairns, P.C. Calder, E. Calvelo, H. Carborn, B. Card, C. Carr, L. Carr, G. Carson, P. Carter, A. Casey, M. Cassar, J. Cavanagh, M. Chablani, T. Chalder, J.D. Chalmers, R.C. Chambers, F. Chan, K.M. Channon, K. Chapman, A. Charalambou, N. Chaudhuri, A. Checkley, J. Chen, Y. Cheng, L. Chetham, C. Childs, E.R. Chilvers, H. Chinoy, A. Chiribiri, K. Chong-James, G. Choudhury, N. Choudhury, P. Chowienczyk, C. Christie, M. Chrystal, D. Clark, C. Clark, J. Clarke, S. Clohisey, G. Coakley, Z. Coburn, S. Coetzee, J. Cole, C. Coleman, F. Conneh, D. Connell, B. Connolly, L. Connor, A. Cook, B. Cooper, J. Cooper, S. Cooper, D. Copeland, T. Cosier, M. Coulding, C. Coupland, E. Cox, T. Craig, P. Crisp, D. Cristiano, M.G. Crooks, A. Cross, I. Cruz, P. Cullinan, D. Cuthbertson, L. Daines, M. Dalton, P. Daly, A. Daniels, P. Dark, J. Dasgin, A. David, C. David, E. Davies, F. Davies, G. Davies, G.A. Davies, K. Davies, M.J. Davies, J. Dawson, E. Daynes, A. De Soyza, B. Deakin, A. Deans, C. Deas, J. Deery, S. Defres, A. Dell, K. Dempsey, E. Denneny, J. Dennis, A. Dewar, R. Dharmagunawardena, N. Diar-Bakerly, C. Dickens, A. Dipper, S. Diver, S.N. Diwanji, M. Dixon, R. Djukanovic, H. Dobson, S.L. Dobson, A.B. Docherty, A. Donaldson, T. Dong, N. Dormand, A. Dougherty, R. Dowling, S. Drain, K. Draxlbauer, K. Drury, H.J.C. Drury, P. Dulawan, A. Dunleavy, S. Dunn, C. Dupont, J. Earley, N. Easom, C. Echevarria, S. Edwards, C. Edwardson, H. El-Taweel, A. Elliott, K. Elliott, Y. Ellis, A. Elmer, O. Elneima, D. Evans, H. Evans, J. Evans, R. Evans, R.A. Evans, R.I. Evans, T. Evans, C. Evenden, L. Evison, L. Fabbri, S. Fairbairn, A. Fairman, K. Fallon, D. Faluyi, C. Favager, T. Fayzan, J. Featherstone, T. Felton, J. Finch, S. Finney, J. Finnigan, L. Finnigan, H. Fisher, S. Fletcher, R. Flockton, M. Flynn, H. Foot, D. Foote, A. Ford, D. Forton, E. Fraile, C. Francis, R. Francis, S. Francis, A. Frankel, E. Fraser, R. Free, N. French, X. Fu, J. Fuld, J. Furniss, L. Garner, N. Gautam, J.R. Geddes, J. George, P. George, M. Gibbons, M. Gill, L. Gilmour, F. Gleeson, J. Glossop, S. Glover, N. Goodman, C. Goodwin, B. Gooptu, H. Gordon, T. Gorsuch, M. Greatorex, P.L. Greenhaff, W. Greenhalf, A. Greenhalgh, N.J. Greening, J. Greenwood, H. Gregory, R. Gregory, D. Grieve, D. Griffin, L. Griffiths, A.-M. Guerdette, B. Guillen Guio, M. Gummadi, A. Gupta, S. Gurram, E. Guthrie, Z. Guy, H.H. Henson, K. Hadley, A. Haggar, K. Hainey, B. Hairsine, P. Haldar, I. Hall, L. Hall, M. Halling-Brown, R. Hamil, A. Hancock, K. Hancock, N.A. Hanley, S. Haq, H.E. Hardwick, E. Hardy, T. Hardy, B. Hargadon, K. Harrington, E. Harris, V.C. Harris, E.M. Harrison, P. Harrison, N. Hart, A. Harvey, M. Harvey, M. Harvie, L. Haslam, M. Havinden-Williams, J. Hawkes, N. Hawkings, J. Haworth, A. Hayday, M. Haynes, J. Hazeldine, T. Hazelton, L.G. Heaney, C. Heeley, J.L. Heeney, M. Heightman, S. Heller, M. Henderson, L. Hesselden, M. Hewitt, V. Highett, T. Hillman, T. Hiwot, L.P. Ho, A. Hoare, M. Hoare, J. Hockridge, P. Hogarth, A. Holbourn, S. Holden, L. Holdsworth, D. Holgate, M. Holland, L. Holloway, K. Holmes, M. Holmes, B. Holroyd-Hind, L. Holt, A. Hormis, A. Horsley, A. Hosseini, M. Hotopf, L. Houchen-Wolloff, K. Howard, L.S. Howard, A. Howell, E. Hufton, A.D. Hughes, J. Hughes, R. Hughes, A. Humphries, N. Huneke, E. Hurditch, J. Hurst, M. Husain, T. Hussell, J. Hutchinson, W. Ibrahim, F. Ilyas, J. Ingham, L. Ingram, D. Ionita, K. Isaacs, K. Ismail, T. Jackson, J. Jacob, W.Y. James, W. Jang, C. Jarman, I. Jarrold, H. Jarvis, R. Jastrub, B. Jayaraman, R.G. Jenkins, P. Jezzard, K. Jiwa, C. Johnson, S. Johnson, D. Johnston, C.J. Jolley, D. Jones, G. Jones, H. Jones, I. Jones, L. Jones, M.G. Jones, S. Jones, S. Jose, T. Kabir, G. Kaltsakas, V. Kamwa, N. Kanellakis, S. Kaprowska, Z. Kausar, N. Keenan, S. Kelly, G. Kemp, S. Kerr, H. Kerslake, A.L. Key, F. Khan, K. Khunti, S. Kilroy, B. King, C. King, L. Kingham, J. Kirk, P. Kitterick, P. Klenerman, L. Knibbs, S. Knight, A. Knighton, O. Kon, S. Kon, S.S. Kon, S. Koprowska, A. Korszun, I. Koychev, C. Kurasz, P. Kurupati, C. Laing, H. Lamlum, G. Landers, C. Langenberg, D. Lasserson, L. Lavelle-Langham, A. Lawrie, C. Lawson, A. Layton, A. Lea, O.C. Leavy, D. Lee, J.-H. Lee, E. Lee, K. Leitch, R. Lenagh, D. Lewis, J. Lewis, K.E. Lewis, V. Lewis, N. Lewis-Burke, X. Li, T. Light, L. Lightstone, W. Lilaonitkul, L. Lim, S. Linford, A. Lingford-Hughes, M. Lipman, K. Liyanage, A. Lloyd, S. Logan, D. Lomas, N.I. Lone, R. Loosley, J.M. Lord, H. Lota, W. Lovegrove, A. Lucey, E. Lukaschuk, A. Lye, C. Lynch, S. MacDonald, G. MacGowan, I. Macharia, J. Mackie, L. Macliver, S. Madathil, G. Madzamba, N. Magee, M.M. Magtoto, N. Mairs, N. Majeed, E. Major, F. Malein, M. Malim, G. Mallison, W. D-C Man, S. Mandal, K. Mangion, C. Manisty, R. Manley, K. March, S. Marciniak, P. Marino, M. Mariveles, M. Marks, E. Marouzet, S. Marsh, B. Marshall, M. Marshall, J. Martin, A. Martineau, L.M. Martinez, N. Maskell, D. Matila, W. Matimba-Mupaya, L. Matthews, A. Mbuyisa, S. McAdoo, H. McAllister-Williams, A. McArdle, P. McArdle, D. McAulay, G.P. McCann, J. McCormick, W. McCormick, P. McCourt, L. McGarvey, C. McGee, K. Mcgee, J. McGinness, K. McGlynn, A. McGovern, H. McGuinness, I.B. McInnes, J. McIntosh, E. McIvor, K. McIvor, L. McLeavey, A. McMahon, M.J. McMahon, L. McMorrow, T. Mcnally, M. McNarry, J. McNeill, A. McQueen, H. McShane, C. Mears, C. Megson, S. Megson, P. Mehta, J. Meiring, L. Melling, M. Mencias, D. Menzies, M. Merida Morillas, A. Michael, C. Miller, L. Milligan, C. Mills, G. Mills, N.L. Mills, L. Milner, S. Misra, J. Mitchell, A. Mohamed, N. Mohamed, S. Mohammed, P.L. Molyneaux, W. Monteiro, S. Moriera, A. Morley, L. Morrison, R. Morriss, A. Morrow, A.J. Moss, P. Moss, K. Motohashi, N. Msimanga, E. Mukaetova-Ladinska, U. Munawar, J. Murira, U. Nanda, H. Nassa, M. Nasseri, A. Neal, R. Needham, P. Neill, S. Neubauer, D.E. Newby, H. Newell, T. Newman, J. Newman, A. Newton-Cox, T. Nicholson, D. Nicoll, A. Nikolaidis, C.M. Nolan, M.J. Noonan, C. Norman, P. Novotny, J. Nunag, L. Nwafor, U. Nwanguma, J. Nyaboko, C. O'Brien, K. O'Donnell, D. O'Regan, L. O’Brien, N. Odell, G. Ogg, O. Olaosebikan, C. Oliver, Z. Omar, P.J.M. Openshaw, L. Orriss-Dib, L. Osborne, R. Osbourne, M. Ostermann, C. Overton, J. Owen, J. Oxton, J. Pack, E. Pacpaco, S. Paddick, S. Painter, A. Pakzad, S. Palmer, P. Papineni, K. Paques, K. Paradowski, M. Pareek, D. Parekh, H. Parfrey, C. Pariante, S. Parker, M. Parkes, J. Parmar, S. Patale, B. Patel, M. Patel, S. Patel, D. Pattenadk, M. Pavlides, S. Payne, L. Pearce, J.E. Pearl, D. Peckham, J. Pendlebury, Y. Peng, C. Pennington, I. Peralta, E. Perkins, Z. Peterkin, T. Peto, N. Petousi, J. Petrie, P. Pfeffer, J. Phipps, J. Pimm, K. Piper Hanley, R. Pius, H. Plant, S. Plein, T. Plekhanova, M. Plowright, K. Poinasamy, O. Polgar, L. Poll, J.C. Porter, J. Porter, S. Portukhay, N. Powell, A. Prabhu, J. Pratt, A. Price, C. Price, D. Price, L. Price, A. Prickett, J. Propescu, S. Prosper, S. Pugmire, S. Quaid, J. Quigley, J. Quint, H. Qureshi, I.N. Qureshi, K. Radhakrishnan, N.M. Rahman, M. Ralser, B. Raman, A. Ramos, H. Ramos, J. Rangeley, B. Rangelov, L. Ratcliffe, P. Ravencroft, A. Reddington, R. Reddy, A. Reddy, H. Redfearn, D. Redwood, A. Reed, M. Rees, T. Rees, K. Regan, W. Reynolds, C. Ribeiro, A. Richards, E. Richardson, M. Richardson, P. Rivera-Ortega, K. Roberts, E. Robertson, E. Robinson, L. Robinson, L. Roche, C. Roddis, J. Rodger, A. Ross, G. Ross, J. Rossdale, A. Rostron, A. Rowe, A. Rowland, J. Rowland, M.J. Rowland, S.L. Rowland-Jones, K. Roy, M. Roy, I. Rudan, R. Russell, E. Russell, G. Saalmink, R. Sabit, E.K. Sage, T. Samakomva, N. Samani, C. Sampson, K. Samuel, R. Samuel, A. Sanderson, E. Sapey, D. Saralaya, J. Sargant, C. Sarginson, T. Sass, N. Sattar, K. Saunders, R.M. Saunders, P. Saunders, L.C. Saunders, H. Savill, W. Saxon, A. Sayer, J. Schronce, W. Schwaeble, J.T. Scott, K. Scott, N. Selby, M.G. Semple, M. Sereno, T.A. Sewell, A. Shah, K. Shah, P. Shah, M. Shankar-Hari, M. Sharma, C. Sharpe, M. Sharpe, S. Shashaa, A. Shaw, K. Shaw, V. Shaw, A. Sheikh, S. Shelton, L. Shenton, K. Shevket, A. Shikotra, J. Short, S. Siddique, S. Siddiqui, J. Sidebottom, L. Sigfrid, G. Simons, J. Simpson, N. Simpson, A. Singapuri, C. Singh, S. Singh, S.J. Singh, D. Sissons, J. Skeemer, K. Slack, A. Smith, D. Smith, S. Smith, J. Smith, L. Smith, M. Soares, T.S. Solano, R. Solly, A.R. Solstice, T. Soulsby, D. Southern, D. Sowter, M. Spears, L.G. Spencer, F. Speranza, L. Stadon, S. Stanel, N. Steele, M. Steiner, D. Stensel, G. Stephens, L. Stephenson, M. Stern, I. Stewart, R. Stimpson, S. Stockdale, J. Stockley, W. Stoker, R. Stone, W. Storrar, A. Storrie, K. Storton, E. Stringer, S. Strong-Sheldrake, N. Stroud, C. Subbe, C.L. Sudlow, Z. Suleiman, C. Summers, C. Summersgill, D. Sutherland, D.L. Sykes, R. Sykes, N. Talbot, A.L. Tan, L. Tarusan, V. Tavoukjian, A. Taylor, C. Taylor, J. Taylor, A. Te, H. Tedd, C.J. Tee, J. Teixeira, H. Tench, S. Terry, S. Thackray-Nocera, F. Thaivalappil, B. Thamu, D. Thickett, C. Thomas, D.C. Thomas, S. Thomas, A.K. Thomas, T. Thomas-Woods, T. Thompson, A.A.R. Thompson, T. Thornton, M. Thorpe, R.S. Thwaites, J. Tilley, N. Tinker, G.F. Tiongson, M. Tobin, J. Tomlinson, C. Tong, M. Toshner, R. Touyz, K.A. Tripp, E. Tunnicliffe, A. Turnbull, E. Turner, S. Turner, V. Turner, K. Turner, S. Turney, L. Turtle, H. Turton, J. Ugoji, R. Ugwuoke, R. Upthegrove, J. Valabhji, M. Ventura, J. Vere, C. Vickers, B. Vinson, E. Wade, P. Wade, L.V. Wain, T. Wainwright, L.O. Wajero, S. Walder, S. Walker, E. Wall, T. Wallis, S. Walmsley, J.A. Walsh, S. Walsh, L. Warburton, T.J.C. Ward, K. Warwick, H. Wassall, S. Waterson, E. Watson, L. Watson, J. Watson, J. Weir McCall, C. Welch, H. Welch, B. Welsh, S. Wessely, S. West, H. Weston, H. Wheeler, S. White, V. Whitehead, J. Whitney, S. Whittaker, B. Whittam, V. Whitworth, A. Wight, J. Wild, M. Wilkins, D. Wilkinson, B. Williams, N. Williams, J. Williams, S.A. Williams-Howard, M. Willicombe, G. Willis, J. Willoughby, A. Wilson, D. Wilson, I. Wilson, N. Window, M. Witham, R. Wolf-Roberts, C. Wood, F. Woodhead, J. Woods, D.G. Wootton, J. Wormleighton, J. Worsley, D. Wraith, C. Wrey Brown, C. Wright, L. Wright, S. Wright, J. Wyles, I. Wynter, M. Xu, N. Yasmin, S. Yasmin, T. Yates, K.P. Yip, B. Young, S. Young, A. Young, A.J. Yousuf, A. Zawia, L. Zeidan, B. Zhao, B. Zheng, and O. Zongo

Subjects
COVID-19, Physical frailty, Long-COVID, Fried's frailty phenotype, Hospitalisation, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Summary: Background: The scale of COVID-19 and its well documented long-term sequelae support a need to understand long-term outcomes including frailty. Methods: This prospective cohort study recruited adults who had survived hospitalisation with clinically diagnosed COVID-19 across 35 sites in the UK (PHOSP-COVID). The burden of frailty was objectively measured using Fried's Frailty Phenotype (FFP). The primary outcome was the prevalence of each FFP group—robust (no FFP criteria), pre-frail (one or two FFP criteria) and frail (three or more FFP criteria)—at 5 months and 1 year after discharge from hospital. For inclusion in the primary analysis, participants required complete outcome data for three of the five FFP criteria. Longitudinal changes across frailty domains are reported at 5 months and 1 year post-hospitalisation, along with risk factors for frailty status. Patient-perceived recovery and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) were retrospectively rated for pre-COVID-19 and prospectively rated at the 5 month and 1 year visits. This study is registered with ISRCTN, number ISRCTN10980107. Findings: Between March 5, 2020, and March 31, 2021, 2419 participants were enrolled with FFP data. Mean age was 57.9 (SD 12.6) years, 933 (38.6%) were female, and 429 (17.7%) had received invasive mechanical ventilation. 1785 had measures at both timepoints, of which 240 (13.4%), 1138 (63.8%) and 407 (22.8%) were frail, pre-frail and robust, respectively, at 5 months compared with 123 (6.9%), 1046 (58.6%) and 616 (34.5%) at 1 year. Factors associated with pre-frailty or frailty were invasive mechanical ventilation, older age, female sex, and greater social deprivation. Frail participants had a larger reduction in HRQoL compared with before their COVID-19 illness and were less likely to describe themselves as recovered. Interpretation: Physical frailty and pre-frailty are common following hospitalisation with COVID-19. Improvement in frailty was seen between 5 and 12 months although two-thirds of the population remained pre-frail or frail. This suggests comprehensive assessment and interventions targeting pre-frailty and frailty beyond the initial illness are required. Funding: UK Research and Innovation and National Institute for Health Research.

Published
2023
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8. Bezold-Jarisch Reflex

Author

Eric M. Holland, MD and George A. Stouffer, MD

Subjects
Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Published
2022
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9. Bortezomib treatment for refractory nontuberculous mycobacterial infection in the setting of interferon gamma autoantibodies

Author

Joseph M. Rocco, Lindsey B. Rosen, Gloria H. Hong, Jennifer Treat, Samantha Kreuzburg, Steven M. Holland, and Christa S. Zerbe

Subjects
Nontuberculous mycobacteria, Interferon gamma, Autoantibodies, Rituximab, Bortezomib, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract

Interferon-γ autoantibodies increase the risk of disseminated nontuberculous mycobacterial infections. Addition of rituximab to antibiotics accelerates and improves outcomes, but refractory infections can occur due to persistent production of autoantibodies. We combined bortezomib with rituximab to reduce autoantibodies leading to clinical and radiographic improvement in infection.

Published
2021
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10. Coupled Control of Distal Axon Integrity and Somal Responses to Axonal Damage by the Palmitoyl Acyltransferase ZDHHC17

Author

Jingwen Niu, Shaun S. Sanders, Hey-Kyeong Jeong, Sabrina M. Holland, Yue Sun, Kaitlin M. Collura, Luiselys M. Hernandez, Haoliang Huang, Michael R. Hayden, George M. Smith, Yang Hu, Yishi Jin, and Gareth M. Thomas

Subjects
Wallerian, Wlds, SARM1, DHHC, JNK, MAPK, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Summary: After optic nerve crush (ONC), the cell bodies and distal axons of most retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) degenerate. RGC somal and distal axon degenerations were previously thought to be controlled by two parallel pathways, involving activation of the kinase dual leucine-zipper kinase (DLK) and loss of the axon survival factor nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase-2 (NMNAT2), respectively. Here, we report that palmitoylation of both DLK and NMNAT2 by the palmitoyl acyltransferase ZDHHC17 couples these signals. ZDHHC17-dependent palmitoylation enables DLK-dependent somal degeneration after ONC and also ensures NMNAT-dependent distal axon integrity in healthy optic nerves. We provide evidence that ZDHHC17 also controls survival-versus-degeneration decisions in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, and we identify conserved motifs in NMNAT2 and DLK that govern their ZDHHC17-dependent regulation. These findings suggest that the control of somal and distal axon integrity should be considered as a single, holistic process, mediated by the concerted action of two palmitoylation-dependent pathways.

Published
2020
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11. Somatic mutations in children with GATA2-associated myelodysplastic syndrome who lack other features of GATA2 deficiency

Author

Kevin E. Fisher, Amy P. Hsu, Christopher L. Williams, Hadi Sayeed, Brian Y. Merritt, M. Tarek Elghetany, Steven M. Holland, Alison A. Bertuch, and Maria Monica Gramatges

Subjects
Specialties of internal medicine, RC581-951
Abstract

Abstract: Approximately 10% of children with primary myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) have germ line GATA2 mutations, leading to the proposal that all children with primary MDS and certain cytogenetic findings, including monosomy 7, be tested for germ line GATA2 mutations regardless of family history or other clinical features associated with GATA2 deficiency. In adults with familial GATA2-MDS, those with somatic mutations in ASXL1 experience rapid disease progression to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and poor prognosis after stem cell transplantation; however, the prevalence of somatic mutations in primary pediatric GATA2-MDS is unclear. Here, we studied a cohort of 8 pediatric patients with MDS and lacking additional GATA2-associated clinical features or significant family history and identified heterozygous germ line GATA2 mutations in 5 patients, including 1 with a normal karyotype. For those with GATA2-MDS, we screened for somatic mutations in genes with prognostic relevance in AML/MDS, using a targeted next-generation sequencing panel. Although no somatic mutations in ASXL1 were observed, somatic mutations were found in RUNX1, SETBP1, IKZF1, and CRLF2. One subject with deleterious mutations in RUNX1, SETBP1, and IKZF1 rapidly progressed to AML with disease that was refractory to treatment. Our findings confirm the importance of GATA2 testing in primary pediatric MDS, even in the absence of other clinical features of GATA2 deficiency. Further, similar to what has been observed in adults with GATA2-MDS, somatic mutations with potential prognostic effect occur in children with MDS associated with mutations in GATA2.

Published
2017
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12. Brain areas with normatively greater cerebral perfusion in early life may be more susceptible to beta amyloid deposition in late life

Author

Irene B. Meier, Patrick J. Lao, Anton Gietl, Robert S. Vorburger, José Gutierrez, Christopher M. Holland, Charles R.G. Guttmann, Dominik S. Meier, Alfred Buck, Roger M. Nitsch, Christoph Hock, Paul G. Unschuld, and Adam M. Brickman

Subjects
Cerebral perfusion, amyloid, Alzheimer's disease, Specialties of internal medicine, RC581-951, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract

Background: The amyloid cascade hypothesis characterizes the stereotyped progression of pathological changes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) beginning with beta amyloid deposition, but does not address the reasons for amyloid deposition. Brain areas with relatively higher neuronal activity, metabolic demand, and production of reactive oxygen species in earlier life may have higher beta amyloid deposition in later life. The aim of this study was to investigate early life patterns of perfusion and late life patterns of amyloid deposition to determine the extent to which normative cerebral perfusion predisposes specific regions to future beta amyloid deposition. Materials and Methods: One hundred twenty-eight healthy, older human subjects (age: 56–87 years old; 44% women) underwent positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with [11C]PiB for measures of amyloid burden. Cerebral perfusion maps derived from 47 healthy younger adults (age: 22–49; 47%) who had undergone single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging, were averaged to create a normative template, representative of young, healthy adults. Perfusion and amyloid measures were investigated in 31 cortical regions from the Hammers atlas. We examined the spatial relationship between normative perfusion patterns and amyloid pathophysiology. Results: The pattern of increasing perfusion (temporal lobe

Published
2020
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13. Generation of human induced pluripotent stem cell lines (NIHTVBi011-A, NIHTVBi012-A, NIHTVBi013-A) from autosomal dominant Hyper IgE syndrome (AD-HIES) patients carrying STAT3 mutation

Author

Hui Jin, Zhen Yu, Keron Navarengom, Yangtengyu Liu, Natalia Dmitrieva, Amy P. Hsu, Robin Schwartzbeck, Cornelia Cudrici, Elisa A. Ferrante, Dan Yang, Steven M. Holland, Alexandra F. Freeman, Manfred Boehm, and Guibin Chen

Subjects
Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Autosomal dominant Hyper IgE syndrome (AD-HIES), a rare immune deficiency affecting fewer than one per million people, is caused by heterozygous deleterious mutations in STAT3. STAT3 signaling plays crucial roles in basic cellular functions affecting broad aspects of cellular homeostasis. Accordingly, in addition to immunological deficits, patients experience severe multisystem non-immunological features. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) are well established as in vivo disease models for various human pathologies. We describe the generation of iPSC from three AD-HIES patients. These iPSCs express pluripotency markers, differentiate into three germ layers, have normal karyotype and similar genome identity to parental cells. Keywords: iPSC, Autosomal dominant Hyper IgE syndrome (AD-HIES), STAT3

Published
2019
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14. Effects of sleep disturbance on dyspnoea and impaired lung function following hospital admission due to COVID-19 in the UK: a prospective multicentre cohort study

Author

Callum Jackson, Iain D Stewart, Tatiana Plekhanova, Peter S Cunningham, Andrew L Hazel, Bashar Al-Sheklly, Raminder Aul, Charlotte E Bolton, Trudie Chalder, James D Chalmers, Nazia Chaudhuri, Annemarie B Docherty, Gavin Donaldson, Charlotte L Edwardson, Omer Elneima, Neil J Greening, Neil A Hanley, Victoria C Harris, Ewen M Harrison, Ling-Pei Ho, Linzy Houchen-Wolloff, Luke S Howard, Caroline J Jolley, Mark G Jones, Olivia C Leavy, Keir E Lewis, Nazir I Lone, Michael Marks, Hamish J C McAuley, Melitta A McNarry, Brijesh V Patel, Karen Piper-Hanley, Krisnah Poinasamy, Betty Raman, Matthew Richardson, Pilar Rivera-Ortega, Sarah L Rowland-Jones, Alex V Rowlands, Ruth M Saunders, Janet T Scott, Marco Sereno, Ajay M Shah, Aarti Shikotra, Amisha Singapuri, Stefan C Stanel, Mathew Thorpe, Daniel G Wootton, Thomas Yates, R Gisli Jenkins, Sally J Singh, William D-C Man, Christopher E Brightling, Louise V Wain, Joanna C Porter, A A Roger Thompson, Alex Horsley, Philip L Molyneaux, Rachael A Evans, Samuel E Jones, Martin K Rutter, John F Blaikley, C Jackson, I D Stewart, T Plekhanova, P S Cunningham, A L Hazel, B Al-Sheklly, R Aul, C E Bolton, T Chalder, J D Chalmers, N Chaudhuri, A B Docherty, G Donaldson, C L Edwardson, O Elneima, N J Greening, N A Hanley, V C Harris, E M Harrison, L-P Ho, L Houchen-Wolloff, L S Howard, C J Jolley, M G Jones, O C Leavy, K E Lewis, N I Lone, M Marks, H J C McAuley, M A McNarry, B Patel, K Piper-Hanley, K Poinasamy, B Raman, M Richardson, P Rivera-Ortega, S L Rowland-Jones, A V Rowlands, R M Saunders, J T Scott, M Sereno, A M Shah, A Shikotra, A Singapuri, S C Stanel, M Thorpe, D G Wootton, T Yates, G Jenkins, S J Singh, W D-C Man, C E Brightling, L V Wain, J C Porter, R Thompson, A Horsley, P L Molyneaux, R A Evans, S E Jones, M K Rutter, J F Blaikley, K Abel, H Adamali, D Adeloye, O Adeyemi, R Adrego, L A Aguilar Jimenez, S Ahmad, N Ahmad Haider, R Ahmed, N Ahwireng, M Ainsworth, A Alamoudi, M Ali, M Aljaroof, AM All, L Allan, R J Allen, L Allerton, L Allsop, P Almeida, D Altmann, M Alvarez Corral, S Amoils, D Anderson, C Antoniades, G Arbane, A Arias, C Armour, L Armstrong, N Armstrong, D Arnold, H Arnold, A Ashish, A Ashworth, M Ashworth, S Aslani, H Assefa-Kebede, C Atkin, P Atkin, H Aung, L Austin, C Avram, A Ayoub, M Babores, R Baggott, J Bagshaw, D Baguley, L Bailey, J K Baillie, S Bain, M Bakali, M Bakau, E Baldry, D Baldwin, M Baldwin, C Ballard, A Banerjee, B Bang, R E Barker, L Barman, S Barratt, F Barrett, D Basire, N Basu, M Bates, A Bates, R Batterham, H Baxendale, H Bayes, M Beadsworth, P Beckett, M Beggs, M Begum, P Beirne, D Bell, R Bell, K Bennett, E Beranova, A Bermperi, A Berridge, C Berry, S Betts, E Bevan, K Bhui, M Bingham, K Birchall, L Bishop, K Bisnauthsing, J Blaikely, A Bloss, A Bolger, J Bonnington, A Botkai, C Bourne, M Bourne, K Bramham, L Brear, G Breen, J Breeze, A Briggs, E Bright, S Brill, K Brindle, L Broad, A Broadley, C Brookes, M Broome, A Brown, J Brown, J S Brown, M Brown, V Brown, T Brugha, N Brunskill, M Buch, P Buckley, A Bularga, E Bullmore, L Burden, T Burdett, D Burn, G Burns, A Burns, J Busby, R Butcher, A Butt, S Byrne, P Cairns, P C Calder, E Calvelo, H Carborn, B Card, C Carr, L Carr, G Carson, P Carter, A Casey, M Cassar, J Cavanagh, M Chablani, R C Chambers, F Chan, K M Channon, K Chapman, A Charalambou, A Checkley, J Chen, Y Cheng, L Chetham, C Childs, E R Chilvers, H Chinoy, A Chiribiri, K Chong-James, G Choudhury, N Choudhury, P Chowienczyk, C Christie, M Chrystal, D Clark, C Clark, J Clarke, S Clohisey, G Coakley, Z Coburn, S Coetzee, J Cole, C Coleman, F Conneh, D Connell, B Connolly, L Connor, A Cook, B Cooper, J Cooper, S Cooper, D Copeland, T Cosier, M Coulding, C Coupland, E Cox, T Craig, P Crisp, D Cristiano, M G Crooks, A Cross, I Cruz, P Cullinan, D Cuthbertson, L Daines, M Dalton, P Daly, A Daniels, P Dark, J Dasgin, A David, C David, E Davies, F Davies, G Davies, G A Davies, K Davies, M J Davies, J Dawson, E Daynes, A De Soyza, B Deakin, A Deans, C Deas, J Deery, S Defres, A Dell, K Dempsey, E Denneny, J Dennis, A Dewar, R Dharmagunawardena, N Diar-Bakerly, C Dickens, A Dipper, S Diver, S N Diwanji, M Dixon, R Djukanovic, H Dobson, S L Dobson, A Donaldson, T Dong, N Dormand, A Dougherty, R Dowling, S Drain, K Draxlbauer, K Drury, P Dulawan, A Dunleavy, S Dunn, C Dupont, J Earley, N Easom, C Echevarria, S Edwards, C Edwardson, H El-Taweel, A Elliott, K Elliott, Y Ellis, A Elmer, D Evans, H Evans, J Evans, R Evans, R I Evans, T Evans, C Evenden, L Evison, L Fabbri, S Fairbairn, A Fairman, K Fallon, D Faluyi, C Favager, T Fayzan, J Featherstone, T Felton, J Finch, S Finney, J Finnigan, L Finnigan, H Fisher, S Fletcher, R Flockton, M Flynn, H Foot, D Foote, A Ford, D Forton, E Fraile, C Francis, R Francis, S Francis, A Frankel, E Fraser, R Free, N French, X Fu, J Fuld, J Furniss, L Garner, N Gautam, J R Geddes, J George, P M George, M Gibbons, M Gill, L Gilmour, F Gleeson, J Glossop, S Glover, N Goodman, C Goodwin, B Gooptu, H Gordon, T Gorsuch, M Greatorex, P L Greenhaff, W Greenhalf, A Greenhalgh, J Greenwood, H Gregory, R Gregory, D Grieve, D Griffin, L Griffiths, A-M Guerdette, B Guillen Guio, M Gummadi, A Gupta, S Gurram, E Guthrie, Z Guy, H Henson, K Hadley, A Haggar, K Hainey, B Hairsine, P Haldar, I Hall, L Hall, M Halling-Brown, R Hamil, A Hancock, K Hancock, S Haq, H E Hardwick, E Hardy, T Hardy, B Hargadon, K Harrington, E Harris, P Harrison, N Hart, A Harvey, M Harvey, M Harvie, L Haslam, M Havinden-Williams, J Hawkes, N Hawkings, J Haworth, A Hayday, M Haynes, J Hazeldine, T Hazelton, L G Heaney, C Heeley, J L Heeney, M Heightman, S Heller, M Henderson, L Hesselden, M Hewitt, V Highett, T Hillman, T Hiwot, A Hoare, M Hoare, J Hockridge, P Hogarth, A Holbourn, S Holden, L Holdsworth, D Holgate, M Holland, L Holloway, K Holmes, M Holmes, B Holroyd-Hind, L Holt, A Hormis, A Hosseini, M Hotopf, K Howard, A Howell, E Hufton, A D Hughes, J Hughes, R Hughes, A Humphries, N Huneke, E Hurditch, J Hurst, M Husain, T Hussell, J Hutchinson, W Ibrahim, F Ilyas, J Ingham, L Ingram, D Ionita, K Isaacs, K Ismail, T Jackson, J Jacob, W Y James, W Jang, C Jarman, I Jarrold, H Jarvis, R Jastrub, B Jayaraman, R G Jenkins, P Jezzard, K Jiwa, C Johnson, S Johnson, D Johnston, D Jones, G Jones, H Jones, I Jones, L Jones, S Jones, S Jose, T Kabir, G Kaltsakas, V Kamwa, N Kanellakis, S Kaprowska, Z Kausar, N Keenan, S Kelly, G Kemp, S Kerr, H Kerslake, A L Key, F Khan, K Khunti, S Kilroy, B King, C King, L Kingham, J Kirk, P Kitterick, P Klenerman, L Knibbs, S Knight, A Knighton, O Kon, S Kon, S S Kon, S Koprowska, A Korszun, I Koychev, C Kurasz, P Kurupati, C Laing, H Lamlum, G Landers, C Langenberg, D Lasserson, L Lavelle-Langham, A Lawrie, C Lawson, A Layton, A Lea, D Lee, J-H Lee, E Lee, K Leitch, R Lenagh, D Lewis, J Lewis, V Lewis, N Lewis-Burke, X Li, T Light, L Lightstone, W Lilaonitkul, L Lim, S Linford, A Lingford-Hughes, M Lipman, K Liyanage, A Lloyd, S Logan, D Lomas, R Loosley, J M Lord, H Lota, W Lovegrove, A Lucey, E Lukaschuk, A Lye, C Lynch, S MacDonald, G MacGowan, I Macharia, J Mackie, L Macliver, S Madathil, G Madzamba, N Magee, M M Magtoto, N Mairs, N Majeed, E Major, F Malein, M Malim, G Mallison, S Mandal, K Mangion, C Manisty, R Manley, K March, S Marciniak, P Marino, M Mariveles, E Marouzet, S Marsh, B Marshall, M Marshall, J Martin, A Martineau, L M Martinez, N Maskell, D Matila, W Matimba-Mupaya, L Matthews, A Mbuyisa, S McAdoo, H McAllister-Williams, A McArdle, P McArdle, D McAulay, G P McCann, J McCormick, W McCormick, P McCourt, L McGarvey, C McGhee, K Mcgee, J McGinness, K McGlynn, A McGovern, H McGuinness, I B McInnes, J McIntosh, E McIvor, K McIvor, L McLeavey, A McMahon, M J McMahon, L McMorrow, T Mcnally, M McNarry, J McNeill, A McQueen, H McShane, C Mears, C Megson, S Megson, P Mehta, J Meiring, L Melling, M Mencias, D Menzies, M Merida Morillas, A Michael, C Miller, L Milligan, C Mills, G Mills, N L Mills, L Milner, S Misra, J Mitchell, A Mohamed, N Mohamed, S Mohammed, W Monteiro, S Moriera, A Morley, L Morrison, R Morriss, A Morrow, A J Moss, P Moss, K Motohashi, N Msimanga, E Mukaetova-Ladinska, U Munawar, J Murira, U Nanda, H Nassa, M Nasseri, A Neal, R Needham, P Neill, S Neubauer, D E Newby, H Newell, T Newman, J Newman, A Newton-Cox, T Nicholson, D Nicoll, A Nikolaidis, C M Nolan, M J Noonan, C Norman, P Novotny, J Nunag, L Nwafor, U Nwanguma, J Nyaboko, C O'Brien, K O'Donnell, D O'Regan, L O'Brien, N Odell, G Ogg, O Olaosebikan, C Oliver, Z Omar, P J M Openshaw, L Orriss-Dib, L Osborne, R Osbourne, M Ostermann, C Overton, J Owen, J Oxton, J Pack, E Pacpaco, S Paddick, S Painter, A Pakzad, S Palmer, P Papineni, K Paques, K Paradowski, M Pareek, D Parekh, H Parfrey, C Pariante, S Parker, M Parkes, J Parmar, S Patale, M Patel, S Patel, D Pattenadk, M Pavlides, S Payne, L Pearce, J E Pearl, D Peckham, J Pendlebury, Y Peng, C Pennington, I Peralta, E Perkins, Z Peterkin, T Peto, N Petousi, J Petrie, P Pfeffer, J Phipps, J Pimm, R Pius, H Plant, S Plein, M Plowright, O Polgar, L Poll, J Porter, S Portukhay, N Powell, A Prabhu, J Pratt, A Price, C Price, D Price, L Price, A Prickett, J Propescu, S Prosper, S Pugmire, S Quaid, J Quigley, J Quint, H Qureshi, I N Qureshi, K Radhakrishnan, N M Rahman, M Ralser, A Ramos, H Ramos, J Rangeley, B Rangelov, L Ratcliffe, P Ravencroft, A Reddington, R Reddy, A Reddy, H Redfearn, D Redwood, A Reed, M Rees, T Rees, K Regan, W Reynolds, C Ribeiro, A Richards, E Richardson, K Roberts, E Robertson, E Robinson, L Robinson, L Roche, C Roddis, J Rodger, A Ross, G Ross, J Rossdale, A Rostron, A Rowe, A Rowland, J Rowland, M J Rowland, K Roy, M Roy, I Rudan, R Russell, E Russell, G Saalmink, R Sabit, E K Sage, T Samakomva, N Samani, C Sampson, K Samuel, R Samuel, A Sanderson, E Sapey, D Saralaya, J Sargent, C Sarginson, T Sass, N Sattar, K Saunders, P Saunders, L C Saunders, H Savill, W Saxon, A Sayer, J Schronce, W Schwaeble, K Scott, N Selby, M G Semple, T A Sewell, K Shah, P Shah, M Shankar-Hari, M Sharma, C Sharpe, M Sharpe, S Shashaa, A Shaw, K Shaw, V Shaw, A Sheikh, S Shelton, L Shenton, K Shevket, J Short, S Siddique, S Siddiqui, J Sidebottom, L Sigfrid, G Simons, J Simpson, N Simpson, C Singh, D Sissons, J Skeemer, K Slack, A Smith, D Smith, S Smith, J Smith, L Smith, M Soares, T S Solano, R Solly, A R Solstice, T Soulsby, D Southern, D Sowter, M Spears, L G Spencer, F Speranza, L Stadon, S Stanel, N Steele, M Steiner, D Stensel, G Stephens, L Stephenson, M Stern, R Stimpson, S Stockdale, J Stockley, W Stoker, R Stone, W Storrar, A Storrie, K Storton, E Stringer, S Strong-Sheldrake, N Stroud, C Subbe, C L Sudlow, Z Suleiman, C Summers, C Summersgill, D Sutherland, D L Sykes, R Sykes, N Talbot, A L Tan, L Tarusan, V Tavoukjian, A Taylor, C Taylor, J Taylor, A Te, H Tedd, C J Tee, J Teixeira, H Tench, S Terry, S Thackray-Nocera, F Thaivalappil, B Thamu, D Thickett, C Thomas, D C Thomas, S Thomas, A K Thomas, T Thomas-Woods, T Thompson, A A R Thompson, T Thornton, R S Thwaites, J Tilley, N Tinker, G F Tiongson, M Tobin, J Tomlinson, C Tong, M Toshner, R Touyz, K A Tripp, E Tunnicliffe, A Turnbull, E Turner, S Turner, V Turner, K Turner, S Turney, L Turtle, H Turton, J Ugoji, R Ugwuoke, R Upthegrove, J Valabhji, M Ventura, J Vere, C Vickers, B Vinson, E Wade, P Wade, T Wainwright, L O Wajero, S Walder, S Walker, E Wall, T Wallis, S Walmsley, J A Walsh, S Walsh, L Warburton, T J C Ward, K Warwick, H Wassall, S Waterson, E Watson, L Watson, J Watson, J Weir McCall, C Welch, H Welch, B Welsh, S Wessely, S West, H Weston, H Wheeler, S White, V Whitehead, J Whitney, S Whittaker, B Whittam, V Whitworth, A Wight, J M Wild, M Wilkins, D Wilkinson, B Williams, N Williams, J Williams, S A Williams-Howard, M Willicombe, G Willis, J Willoughby, A Wilson, D Wilson, I Wilson, N Window, M Witham, R Wolf-Roberts, C Wood, F Woodhead, J Woods, J Wormleighton, J Worsley, D Wraith, C Wrey Brown, C Wright, L Wright, S Wright, J Wyles, I Wynter, M Xu, N Yasmin, S Yasmin, K P Yip, B Young, S Young, A Young, A J Yousuf, A Zawia, L Zeidan, B Zhao, B Zheng, O Zongo, Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, PHOSP-COVID Study Collaborative Group, and Group, PHOSP-COVID Study Collaborative

Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, PHOSP-COVID Study Collaborative Group
Abstract

Data sharing: The PHOSP-COVID study protocol, consent form, definition, and derivation of clinical characteristics and outcomes, training materials, regulatory documents, information about requests for data access, and other relevant study materials are available online. UK Biobank information can be released once necessary approvals have been obtained. Other data (eg, the R code and protocol) will be made available on reasonable request to the corresponding author. Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Background: Sleep disturbance is common following hospital admission both for COVID-19 and other causes. The clinical associations of this for recovery after hospital admission are poorly understood despite sleep disturbance contributing to morbidity in other scenarios. We aimed to investigate the prevalence and nature of sleep disturbance after discharge following hospital admission for COVID-19 and to assess whether this was associated with dyspnoea. Methods: CircCOVID was a prospective multicentre cohort substudy designed to investigate the effects of circadian disruption and sleep disturbance on recovery after COVID-19 in a cohort of participants aged 18 years or older, admitted to hospital for COVID-19 in the UK, and discharged between March, 2020, and October, 2021. Participants were recruited from the Post-hospitalisation COVID-19 study (PHOSP-COVID). Follow-up data were collected at two timepoints: an early time point 2–7 months after hospital discharge and a later time point 10–14 months after hospital discharge. Sleep quality was assessed subjectively using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire and a numerical rating scale. Sleep quality was also assessed with an accelerometer worn on the wrist (actigraphy) for 14 days. Participants were also clinically phenotyped, including assessment of symptoms (ie, anxiety [Generalised Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale questionnaire], muscle function [SARC-F questionnaire], dyspnoea [Dyspnoea-12 questionnaire] and measurement of lung function), at the early timepoint after discharge. Actigraphy results were also compared to a matched UK Biobank cohort (non-hospitalised individuals and recently hospitalised individuals). Multivariable linear regression was used to define associations of sleep disturbance with the primary outcome of breathlessness and the other clinical symptoms. PHOSP-COVID is registered on the ISRCTN Registry (ISRCTN10980107). Findings: 2320 of 2468 participants in the PHOSP-COVID study attended an early timepoint research visit a median of 5 months (IQR 4–6) following discharge from 83 hospitals in the UK. Data for sleep quality were assessed by subjective measures (the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire and the numerical rating scale) for 638 participants at the early time point. Sleep quality was also assessed using device-based measures (actigraphy) a median of 7 months (IQR 5–8 months) after discharge from hospital for 729 participants. After discharge from hospital, the majority (396 [62%] of 638) of participants who had been admitted to hospital for COVID-19 reported poor sleep quality in response to the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire. A comparable proportion (338 [53%] of 638) of participants felt their sleep quality had deteriorated following discharge after COVID-19 admission, as assessed by the numerical rating scale. Device-based measurements were compared to an age-matched, sex-matched, BMI-matched, and time from discharge-matched UK Biobank cohort who had recently been admitted to hospital. Compared to the recently hospitalised matched UK Biobank cohort, participants in our study slept on average 65 min (95% CI 59 to 71) longer, had a lower sleep regularity index (–19%; 95% CI –20 to –16), and a lower sleep efficiency (3·83 percentage points; 95% CI 3·40 to 4·26). Similar results were obtained when comparisons were made with the non-hospitalised UK Biobank cohort. Overall sleep quality (unadjusted effect estimate 3·94; 95% CI 2·78 to 5·10), deterioration in sleep quality following hospital admission (3·00; 1·82 to 4·28), and sleep regularity (4·38; 2·10 to 6·65) were associated with higher dyspnoea scores. Poor sleep quality, deterioration in sleep quality, and sleep regularity were also associated with impaired lung function, as assessed by forced vital capacity. Depending on the sleep metric, anxiety mediated 18–39% of the effect of sleep disturbance on dyspnoea, while muscle weakness mediated 27–41% of this effect. Interpretation: Sleep disturbance following hospital admission for COVID-19 is associated with dyspnoea, anxiety, and muscle weakness. Due to the association with multiple symptoms, targeting sleep disturbance might be beneficial in treating the post-COVID-19 condition. Funding: UK Research and Innovation, National Institute for Health Research, and Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council. UK Research and Innovation, National Institute for Health Research, and Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council.

Published
2023
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15. Rapid progression to AML in a patient with germline GATA2 mutation and acquired NRAS Q61K mutation

Author

Lisa J. McReynolds, Yubo Zhang, Yanqin Yang, Jingrong Tang, Matthew Mulé, Amy P. Hsu, Danielle M. Townsley, Robert R. West, Jun Zhu, Dennis D. Hickstein, Steven M. Holland, Katherine R. Calvo, and Christopher S. Hourigan

Subjects
Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

GATA2 deficiency syndrome is caused by autosomal dominant, heterozygous germline mutations with widespread effects on immune, pulmonary and vascular systems. Patients commonly develop hematological abnormalities including bone marrow failure, myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We present a patient with GATA2 mutation and MDS who progressed to AML over four months. Whole exome and targeted deep sequencing identified a new p.Q61K NRAS mutation in the bone marrow at the time of AML development. Rapid development of AML is possible in the setting of germline GATA2 mutation despite stable MDS, supporting close monitoring and consideration of early allogeneic transplantation.

Published
2019
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17. Successful salvage chemotherapy and allogeneic transplantation of an acute myeloid leukemia patient with disseminated Fusarium solani infection

Author

Sheenu Sheela, Sawa Ito, Jeffrey R. Strich, Maura Manion, Celina Montemayor-Garcia, Hao-Wei Wang, Karolyn A. Oetjen, Kamile A. West, Austin J. Barrett, Mark Parta, Juan Gea-Banacloche, Steven M. Holland, Christopher S. Hourigan, and Catherine Lai

Subjects
Acute myeloid leukemia, Fusarium solani, Allogenic transplant, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

Disseminated Fusarium infection is associated with high mortality in immunocompromised patients. Patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) often have an extended duration of neutropenia during intensive induction chemotherapy, consolidation chemotherapy, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT). There is no consensus regarding management of invasive disseminated Fusarium infections in the setting of prolonged neutropenia (Tortorano et al., 2014) [1]. We report a case of disseminated Fusarium in a patient with relapsed AML who underwent successful chemotherapy and haplo-identical allogeneic SCT with administration of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and granulocyte infusions.

Published
2017
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18. Multiple Opportunistic Infections in a Woman with GATA2 Mutation

Author

Andrea Vila, Juan I. Dapás, Cynthia V. Rivero, Florencia Bocanegra, Roberto F. Furnari, Amy P. Hsu, and Steven M. Holland

Subjects
GATA2 mutation, MonoMAC syndrome, monocytopenia, GATA2 deficiency, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

GATA2 deficiency is a genetic disorder caused by inherited or sporadic haploinsufficient mutations in the GATA2 gene. Patients have abnormalities in hematopoiesis, lymphangiogenesis and immunity; encompassing a broad range of clinical syndromes, mainly characterized by monocytopenia, B and NK cell cytopenia, severe or recurrent infections, and a high risk of developing myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We report a case of an Argentinean woman who presented with multiple opportunistic infections as her first manifestation of GATA2 deficiency.

Published
2017
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19. Bortezomib treatment for refractory nontuberculous mycobacterial infection in the setting of interferon gamma autoantibodies

Author

Jennifer Treat, Samantha Kreuzburg, Steven M. Holland, Gloria H. Hong, Joseph M Rocco, Christa S. Zerbe, and Lindsey B. Rosen

Subjects
medicine.drug_class, Immunology, Antibiotics, Bortezomib, Refractory, immune system diseases, hemic and lymphatic diseases, Case report, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Interferon gamma, Nontuberculous mycobacteria, Autoantibodies, biology, business.industry, Autoantibody, RC581-607, biology.organism_classification, Rituximab, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

Interferon-γ autoantibodies increase the risk of disseminated nontuberculous mycobacterial infections. Addition of rituximab to antibiotics accelerates and improves outcomes, but refractory infections can occur due to persistent production of autoantibodies. We combined bortezomib with rituximab to reduce autoantibodies leading to clinical and radiographic improvement in infection., Highlights • IFNγ autoantibodies increase the risk of disseminated infections with intracellular pathogens. • Rituximab combined with antibiotics improves outcomes, but infections can become refractory. • The addition of bortezomib is safe with close monitoring and can improve clinical outcomes.

Published
2021

20. Brain areas with normatively greater cerebral perfusion in early life may be more susceptible to beta amyloid deposition in late life

Author

Christoph Hock, Adam M. Brickman, Charles R.G. Guttmann, Roger M. Nitsch, Jose Gutierrez, Paul G. Unschuld, Robert S. Vorburger, Irene B. Meier, Anton F. Gietl, Patrick J. Lao, Alfred Buck, Dominik S. Meier, and Christopher M. Holland

Subjects
Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Amyloid, Specialties of internal medicine, Inflammation, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, 616.8: Neurologie und Krankheiten des Nervensystems, Single-photon emission computed tomography, Article, Temporal lobe, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Cerebral perfusion, medicine, Cerebral perfusion pressure, Pathological, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, General Medicine, Alzheimer's disease, RC581-951, Positron emission tomography, medicine.symptom, business, Alzheimer’s disease, Perfusion, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, RC321-571
Abstract

Background: The amyloid cascade hypothesis characterizes the stereotyped progression of pathological changes in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) beginning with beta amyloid deposition, but does not address the reasons for amyloid deposition. Brain areas with relatively higher neuronal activity, metabolic demand, and production of reactive oxygen species in earlier life may have higher beta amyloid deposition in later life. The aim of this study was to investigate early life patterns of perfusion and late life patterns of amyloid deposition to determine the extent to which normative cerebral perfusion predisposes specific regions to future beta amyloid deposition. Materials and Methods: One hundred twenty-eight healthy, older human subjects (age: 56–87 years old; 44% women) underwent positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with [ 11 C]PiB for measures of amyloid burden. Cerebral perfusion maps derived from 47 healthy younger adults (age: 22–49; 47%) who had undergone single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging, were averaged to create a normative template, repre- sentative of young, healthy adults. Perfusion and amyloid measures were investigated in 31 cortical regions from the Hammers atlas. We examined the spatial relationship between normative perfusion patterns and amyloid pathophysiology. Results: The pattern of increasing perfusion (temporal lobe < parietal lobe < frontal lobe < insula/cingulate gyrus < occipital lobe; F(4,26) = 7.8, p = 0.0003) in young, healthy adults was not exactly identical to but approximated the pattern of increasing amyloid burden (temporal lobe < occipital lobe < frontal lobe < parietal lobe < insula/cingulate gyrus; F(4,26) = 5.0, p = 0.004) in older adults. However, investigating subregions within cortical lobes provided consistent agreement between ranked normative perfusion patterns and expected Thal staging of amyloid progression in AD (Spearman r = 0.39, p = 0.03). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that brain areas with normatively greater perfusion may be more susceptible to amyloid deposition in later life, possibly due to higher metabolic demand, and associated levels of oxidative stress and inflammation.

Published
2020

21. Chronic granulomatous disease

Author

Jennifer W. Leiding and Steven M. Holland

Subjects
NADPH oxidase, biology, business.industry, Hematopoietic stem cell, Inflammation, medicine.disease, Antimicrobial, medicine.anatomical_structure, Chronic granulomatous disease, Granuloma, Immunology, Primary immunodeficiency, biology.protein, Medicine, medicine.symptom, business, Immunodeficiency
Abstract

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a primary immunodeficiency caused by defects in the structural subunits of the NADPH oxidase. Impaired NADPH oxidase function leads to a narrow spectrum of bacterial and fungal infections. In addition to infection susceptibility, hyperinflammatory disorders such as chronic colitis are a major source of morbidity in CGD patients. Treatment includes antimicrobial prophylaxis and aggressive treatment of infections. Curative therapy is with hematopoietic stem cell transplant.

Published
2020
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22. Prevention and management of infections

Author

Alexandra F. Freeman and Steven M. Holland

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Bronchiectasis, medicine.drug_class, business.industry, Antibiotics, Neutropenia, medicine.disease, Antimicrobial, Immunology, medicine, Anxiety, Infection control, medicine.symptom, Antibiotic prophylaxis, Intensive care medicine, business, Immunodeficiency
Abstract

The hallmark of primary immunodeficiencies is infection susceptibility. While it is known that acute and chronic infections lead to morbidity, such as bronchiectasis, the proven role of prophylactic antimicrobials is poorly studied and remains largely driven by anxiety, belief, and experience, the latter usually derived from more common diseases, like HIV. In common infection susceptibility states, guidelines exist and, increasingly, are evidence-based. Studies abound for prophylactic antibiotics in fever and neutropenia after chemotherapy, for urinary tract infection prevention in the setting of vesico-ureteral reflux, and for antifungal prophylaxis in premature infants. Primary immunodeficiencies, on the other hand, are rare, and for the most part lack evidence-based guidelines. Therefore, approaches from more common immunodeficiencies, like HIV or transplant, are often used. However, this is necessarily likely to be inappropriate, since each immunodeficiency has its own specific infection susceptibility. This chapter discusses antibiotic prophylaxis across several of the more common primary immunodeficiencies, taking into account their specific susceptibility, available data, and prudence.

Published
2020
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23. Contributors

Author

Michael S. Abers, Daria V. Babushok, Mark Ballow, Bertrand Boisson, Vincent Robert Bonagura, Francisco A. Bonilla, João Bosco de Oliveira Filho, Kaan Boztug, Lori Broderick, Manish J. Butte, Fabio Candotti, Jean-Laurent Casanova, Shanmuganathan Chandrakasan, Antonio Condino-Neto, Yanick J. Crow, Charlotte Cunningham-Rundles, Virgil A.S.H. Dalm, Adriana A. de Jesus, Emma de Maio, Geneviève de Saint Basile, Esther de Vries, Inderjeet Dokal, Christopher J.A. Duncan, A. Durandy, Stephan Ehl, Amos Etzioni, Polly J. Ferguson, Thomas A. Fleisher, Lisa R. Forbes-Satter, Michael M. Frank, Alexandra F. Freeman, Marie-Louise Frémond, John W. Frew, Mathieu Fusaro, Eleonora Gambineri, Rebecca D. Ganetzky, Andrew R. Gennery, Raphaela Goldbach-Mansky, Amy C. Goldstein, John M. Graham, Stephanie E. Gupton, Elie Haddad, Sophie Hambleton, Eric P. Hanson, Jennifer Heimall, Miep Helfrich, Sarah E. Henrickson, Steven M. Holland, Amy P. Hsu, Soma Jyonouchi, Sara Kashef, Judith Kelsen, Maya Khalil, Christoph Klein, Lisa Kobrynski, Donald B. Kohn, S. Kracker, James G. Krueger, Pascal M. Lavoie, Heather K. Lehman, Jennifer W. Leiding, Michael J. Lenardo, Ofer Levy, Allison Pecha Lim, Michail S. Lionakis, Andrea Lisco, Vassilios Lougaris, Saul O. Lugo Reyes, M. Louise Markert, Rebecca A. Marsh, Elizabeth A. McCarthy, Isabelle Meyts, Cinzia Milito, Joshua D. Milner, Jeffrey E. Ming, Despina Moshous, Ludmila Müller, Kristina Navrazhina, Kim E. Nichols, Luigi D. Notarangelo, Eric Oksenhendler, Jordan S. Orange, Roberto Paganelli, Graham Pawelec, Tancredi Massimo Pentimalli, Elena E. Perez, Capucine Picard, Alessandro Plebani, Oscar Porras, Amanda C. Przespolewski, Anne Puel, Federica Pulvirenti, Isabella Quinti, Nima Rezaei, Ger T. Rijkers, David Walter Rosenthal, Sergio D. Rosenzweig, Brahm H. Segal, Mikko R.J. Seppänen, Irini Sereti, Anna Shcherbina, Cristina Sobacchi, Jacqueline D. Squire, Polina Stepensky, Helen C. Su, Kathleen E. Sullivan, Troy R. Torgerson, Gulbu Uzel, Mirjam van der Burg, Anna Villa, Jean-Pierre de Villartay, Klaus Warnatz, Richard L. Wasserman, Corry M.R. Weemaes, Joyce E. Yu, Shen-Ying Zhang, and John B. Ziegler

Published
2020
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24. Macrophage defects

Author

Sergio D. Rosenzweig and Steven M. Holland

Subjects
Chemokine, Phagocyte, biology, Leukotriene B4, Monocyte, Chemotaxis, chemistry.chemical_compound, medicine.anatomical_structure, Immune system, chemistry, Immunology, medicine, biology.protein, Macrophage, Antibody
Abstract

Phagocytes wear many hats and have many responsibilities in the healthy host. Although they are usually thought of as the uneducated grunts of the immune system, they have a dizzying array of responsibilities and activities. They are required to leave the bone marrow, circulate, if only briefly (7 hours for neutrophils, 2–4 days for monocytes), and then exit the circulation. Once out in the tissue, they must follow their “noses” to seek out intruders, using chemokines (IL-8), bacterial products such as fMet-Leu-Phe (fMLP), and host factors such as leukotriene B4 (LB4) and platelet-activating factor (PAF) for chemotactic guidance. Once they encounter a potential pathogen, they must recognize it by means of direct detection (binding to mannose and other motifs on bacteria and fungi), antibody mediated detection (Fc receptors), or binding to deposited complement fragments. Following these tasks comes the real reason for all the previous steps, as the neutrophil or monocyte tries to kill the intruder, using stored products in granules and the generation of toxic oxygen intermediates. In addition, throughout this period, the phagocyte is producing its own cytokines and chemokines, calling in reinforcements. When the neutrophil has completed its work, and ingested and perhaps killed its prey, it is ready to die; macrophages ingest their spent cousins, and clean up the job. These steps are all done without the rearrangement of DNA by cells that are derived from the most ancient of immune systems. Their intrinsic importance is borne out with every neutropenic fever: phagocytes are crucially important to our daily survival.

Published
2020
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25. Rapid progression to AML in a patient with germline GATA2 mutation and acquired NRAS Q61K mutation

Author

Amy P. Hsu, Jun Zhu, Lisa J. McReynolds, Steven M. Holland, Dennis D. Hickstein, Katherine R. Calvo, Matthew P. Mulé, Christopher S. Hourigan, Yanqin Yang, Danielle M. Townsley, Yubo Zhang, Robert R. West, and Jingrong Tang

Subjects
Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog, business.industry, Bone marrow failure, Myeloid leukemia, Hematology, medicine.disease, lcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, lcsh:RC254-282, Germline, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine.anatomical_structure, Germline mutation, Oncology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, hemic and lymphatic diseases, Mutation (genetic algorithm), medicine, Cancer research, Bone marrow, business, Exome, 030215 immunology
Abstract

GATA2 deficiency syndrome is caused by autosomal dominant, heterozygous germline mutations with widespread effects on immune, pulmonary and vascular systems. Patients commonly develop hematological abnormalities including bone marrow failure, myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We present a patient with GATA2 mutation and MDS who progressed to AML over four months. Whole exome and targeted deep sequencing identified a new p.Q61K NRAS mutation in the bone marrow at the time of AML development. Rapid development of AML is possible in the setting of germline GATA2 mutation despite stable MDS, supporting close monitoring and consideration of early allogeneic transplantation.

Published
2019

26. List of Contributors

Author

Roshini Sarah Abraham, Cristina Albanesi, Ilias Alevizos, Juan Anguita, Brendan Antiochos, Cynthia Aranow, John P. Atkinson, Howard A. Austin, Subash Babu, Mark C. Ballow, James E. Balow, John W. Belmont, Claudia Berek, Timothy Beukelman, Tapan Bhavsar, J. Andrew Bird, Sarah E. Blutt, Mark Boguniewicz, Rafael Bonamichi-Santos, Bertrand Boisson, Elena Borzova, Prosper N. Boyaka, Joshua Boyce, Sarah K. Browne, Wesley Burks, Jacinta Bustamante, Virginia L. Calder, Matthew Campbell, Adela Rambi G. Cardones, Jean-Laurent Casanova, Mariana Castells, Lisa A. Cavacini, Edwin S.L. Chan, David D. Chaplin, W. Winn Chatham, Edward S. Chen, Javier Chinen, Lisa Christopher-Stine, Michael Ciancanelli, Andrew P. Cope, David B. Corry, Filippo Crea, Randy Q. Cron, Jennifer M. Cuellar-Rodriguez, Marinos C. Dalakas, Sara M. Dann, Betty Diamond, Terry W. Du, Stéphanie Dupuis-Boisson, Todd N. Eagar, Craig A. Elmets, Doruk Erkan, Laura Fanning, Erol Fikrig, Davide Flego, Thomas A. Fleisher, Luz Fonacier, Andrew P. Fontenot, Alexandra F. Freeman, Anthony J. Frew, Kohtaro Fujihashi, Massimo Gadina, Moshe E. Gatt, M. Eric Gershwin, Susan L. Gillespie, Jörg J. Goronzy, Sangeeta Goswami, Clive E.H. Grattan, Neil S. Greenspan, Sarthak Gupta, Claire E. Gustafson, Russell P. Hall, Robert G. Hamilton, Laurie E. Harrington, Leonard C. Harrison, Sarfaraz A. Hasni, Arthur Helbling, Joanna Hester, Steven M. Holland, Dennis Hourcade, Nicholas D. Huntington, Tracy Hwangpo, John B. Imboden, Fadi Issa, Shai Izraeli, Elaine S. Jaffe, Sirpa Jalkanen, Stacie Jones, Emmanuelle Jouanguy, Sarah Kabbani, Stefan H.E. Kaufmann, Farrah Kheradmand, Donald B. Kohn, Robert Korngold, Anna Kovalszki, Douglas B. Kuhns, Hrishikesh Kulkarni, Caroline Y. Kuo, Arash Lahouti, C. Ola Landgren, Arian Laurence, Joyce S. Lee, Catherine Lemière, Donald Y.M. Leung, Arnold I. Levinson, Ofer Levy, Dorothy E. Lewis, Phoebe Lin, Andreas Linkermann, Giovanna Liuzzo, Michael D. Lockshin, Allison K. Lord, Jay N. Lozier, Amber Luong, Raashid Luqmani, Meggan Mackay, Jonathan S. Maltzman, Peter J. Mannon, Michael P. Manns, James G. Martin, Craig L. Maynard, Samual McCash, Douglas R. McDonald, Peter C. Melby, Stephen D. Miller, Anna L. Mitchell, Amirah Mohd-Zaki, Carolyn Mold, David R. Moller, Dimitrios S. Monos, Scott N. Mueller, Catharina M. Mulders-Manders, Mark J. Mulligan, Ulrich R. Müller, Pashna N. Munshi, Kazunori Murata, Philip M. Murphy, Nicolás Navasa, Pierre Noel, Luigi D. Notarangelo, Robert L. Nussbaum, Thomas B. Nutman, Stephen L. Nutt, João B. Oliveira, Thomas L. Ortel, John J. O'Shea, Sung-Yun Pai, Lavannya Pandit, Mary E. Paul, Simon H.S. Pearce, Daniela Pedicino, Erik J. Peterson, Capucine Picard, Stefania Pittaluga, Debra Long Priel, Jennifer Puck, Anne Puel, Andreas Radbruch, Stephen T. Reece, John D. Reveille, Robert R. Rich, Chaim M. Roifman, Antony Rosen, James T. Rosenbaum, Sergio D. Rosenzweig, Barry T. Rouse, Scott D. Rowley, Shimon Sakaguchi, Marko Salmi, Andrea J. Sant, Sarah W. Satola, Valerie Saw, Marcos C. Schechter, Harry W. Schroeder, Benjamin M. Segal, Carlo Selmi, Sushma Shankar, Anu Sharma, Padmanee Sharma, William T. Shearer, Richard M. Siegel, Anna Simon, Gideon P. Smith, David S. Stephens, Robin Stephens, Alex Straumann, Leyla Y. Teos, Laura Timares, Wulf Tonnus, Raul M. Torres, Gülbü Uzel, Jeroen C.H. van der Hilst, Jos W.M. van der Meer, John Varga, Jatin M. Vyas, Meryl Waldman, Peter Weiser, Peter F. Weller, Cornelia M. Weyand, Fredrick M. Wigley, Robert J. Winchester, James B. Wing, Kathryn J. Wood, Xiaobo Wu, Hui Xu, Cassian Yee, and Shen-Ying Zhang

Published
2019
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27. Turning the tide on trash: Empowering European educators and school students to tackle marine litter

Author

Richard C. Thompson, Joana M. Veiga, Iro Alampei, Sabine Pahl, Matthew M. Holland, and Bonny L. Hartley

Subjects
Economics and Econometrics, Medical education, GE, 4. Education, Training course, 05 social sciences, 050301 education, 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Aquatic Science, 01 natural sciences, Competition (economics), Action (philosophy), Marine debris, Psychology, 0503 education, Law, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science
Abstract

Marine litter is a global environmental problem, and working with educators and school students has much potential to facilitate greater public understanding of the solutions and to enable action. This research examined two new educational activities designed to empower European educators and school students to engage with the topic of marine litter, particularly focusing on behavior and on known determinants of behavior rather than knowledge alone. In Study 1, 120 educators participated in an online training course on marine litter, and completed a pre- and post-course questionnaire to assess change. After participating in the course, educators felt significantly more skillful and confident to incorporate marine litter education into their future teaching. In Study 2, 341 school students (7–18 years old) participated in an educational video competition on marine litter, and completed a pre-post questionnaire to assess change. Following the educational activity, students were more concerned about marine litter, had a better understanding of the issue, causes and impacts, and reported performing more waste-reduction behaviors. This research brings together educational and behavioral literatures and demonstrates how educational activities can be documented and evaluated systematically in the quest of tackling marine litter.

Published
2018

28. Radiation Therapy

Author

Steven K. Seung, John M. Holland, Nima Nabavizadeh, Eric Hansen, and D.A. Elliott

Subjects
Radiation therapy, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, medicine, Radiology, business
Published
2018
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29. Contributors

Author

Laith Al-Qamachi, Hemantha K. Amarasinghe, Peter E. Andersen, Kevin Arce, Varun Arya, Tomer Avraham, Richard L. Bakst, Lauren E. Basile, Andrew D. Beckler, R. Bryan Bell, Sandeep Bhuta, Carlo B. Bifulco, Gido Bittermann, Keith E. Blackwell, Angel Blanco, Alexander M. Bobinskas, Caroline Brammer, Lawrence E. Brecht, James Brown, Chris J. Butterworth, Eric R. Carlson, Keith A. Chadwick, Srinivasa R. Chandra, Allen Cheng, Scott Claiborne, Daniel R. Clayburgh, Marka R. Crittenden, Brendan D. Curti, Derfel ap Dafydd, Roi Dagan, Camilla Dawson, Eric J. Dierks, Jasjit K. Dillon, Donita Dyalram, Sean P. Edwards, David A. Elliott, Mererid Evans, Adam P. Fagin, Carole Fakhry, Mark B. Faries, Zipei Feng, Rui P. Fernandes, Jay K. Ferrell, Bernard A. Fox, Clifton D. Fuller, G.E. Ghali, John P. Gleysteen, Kathryn A. Gold, James Good, Jennifer R. Grandis, Donna J. Graville, Neil D. Gross, Aaron Grossberg, Shan Guo, Bronwyn Hamilton, Eric K. Hansen, Heidi J. Hansen, Bruce H. Haughey, Richard E. Hayden, Joseph I. Helman, David L. Hirsch, John M. Holland, Katherine A. Hutcheson, Megan J. Hyers, Matthew Idle, James E. Jackson, Scharukh Jalisi, Newell W. Johnson, Terry M. Jones, Deepak Kademani, Joseph R. Kelley, Cyrus Kerawala, Dongsoo David Kim, Tamar A. Kotz, Hirofumi Kuno, Moni Abraham Kuriakose, Susan E. Langmore, Rom Leidner, Jamie P. Levine, Christopher Loh, Sapna Lohiya, Joshua E. Lubek, Andrew J. Lyons, Joann Marruffo, Robert E. Marx, Marco Matos, Austin Mattox, Avanti Mehrotra, James C. Melville, Marc C. Metzger, Brett A. Miles, Krzysztof J. Misiukiewicz, Abdallah S.R. Mohamed, Casian Monaco, James Murphy, Nima Nabavizadeh, Mohammed Nadershah, Thomas H. Nagel, Kate Newbold, Dimitrios Nikolarakos, Kurt Nisi, Robert A. Ord, Larry M. Over, Sara I. Pai, Andrew D. Palmer, Sat Parmar, Ashish A. Patel, Ketan Patel, JoanneM. Patterson, Daniel Petrisor, Phillip Pirgousis, Jesse R. Qualliotine, Francesco M.G. Riva, Samuel J. Rubin, Osamu Sakai, Andrew Salama, Joshua S. Schindler, Rainer Schmelzeisen, Steven K. Seung, Jonathan Shum, Felix Sim, Ryan J. Smart, John T. Stranix, Janakiraman Subramanian, Mohan Suntharalingam, Krishnakumar Thankappan, James Phillip Thomas, David Tighe, Khaled A. Tolba, Scott H. Troob, Minh Tam Truong, Ramzey Tursun, Brent B. Ward, Amber L. Watters, Mark K. Wax, Richard M. Webster, Andrew Weinberg, Hong D. Xiao, Yavuz Yildirim, and Yedeh Ying

Published
2018
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31. List of Contributors

Author

Fredrick M. Abrahamian, Michael J. Aldape, Edelweiss Aldasoro, Upton D. Allen, Hythem Al-Sum, Milan J. Anadkat, Katherine Anders, Emmanouil Angelakis, Brian John Angus, Anastasia Antoniadou, Fabio Arena, Joop E. Arends, Jose R. Arribas, Andrew W. Artenstein, John C. Atherton, John N. Aucott, Tar-Ching Aw, Hilary M. Babcock, Robin Bailey, Thomas C. Bailey, Adam Z. Banks, David J. Barillo, Ernie-Paul Barrette, Martijn P. Bauer, Roger Bayston, C. Ben Beard, Justin Beardsley, Nick J. Beeching, Rodolfo E. Bégué, Guido Beldi, Constance A. Benson, Elie F. Berbari, Jean-Michel Berenger, Christoph Berger, Jose I. Bernardino, Jacques Bille, Alexander C. Billioux, Ari Bitnun, Iain Blair, Stéphane Blanche, Thomas P. Bleck, Chantal P. Bleeker-Rovers, Gijs Bleijenberg, Karen C. Bloch, Johannes Blum, Emily A. Blumberg, Robert A. Bonomo, Marc J.M. Bonten, Rafik Bourayou, Emilio Bouza, K. Ashley Brandt, Florence Bretelle, Sylvain Brisse, Warwick J. Britton, Itzhak Brook, Matthijs C. Brouwer, Sarah K. Browne, Amy E. Bryant, Silja Bühler, Eileen M. Bulger, R. Mark L. Buller, Leah A. Burke, Christian Burri, Marcus W. Butler, Thierry Calandra, David P. Calfee, Antonia Calvo-Cano, D. William Cameron, Joseph A. Carcillo, Gail Carson, Stephen T. Chambers, Remi N. Charrel, Vinh Chau Van Nguyen, Stéphane Chevaliez, Tom M. Chiller, Eirini Christaki, Kevin K. Chung, David B. Clifford, Nathan Clumeck, Jonathan Cohen, John Collinge, Christopher P. Conlon, Curdin Conrad, Fiona J. Cooke, Jennifer Rittenhouse Cope, G. Ralph Corey, John H. Cross, Burke A. Cunha, Cheston B. Cunha, Benoit D'Journo, George L. Daikos, Johannes M.A. Daniels, Robert N. Davidson, Nicholas P.J. Day, Kevin M. De Cock, Thushan I. de Silva, Henry J.C. de Vries, Stéphane de Wit, Julie Delaloye, David W. Denning, David T. Dennis, Shireesha Dhanireddy, Elodi J. Dielubanza, David J. Diemert, Mehmet Doganay, Tom Doherty, Christiane Dolecek, Arjen M. Dondorp, Abby Douglas, Michel Drancourt, Grégory Dubourg, Michael N. Dudley, Guillaume Durand, Benjamin J. Eckhardt, Androulla Efstratiou, Miquel B. Ekkelenkamp, Ambika Eranki, Hakan Erdem, Gerome V. Escota, Heather L. Evans, Alice Chijioke Eziefula, Florence Fenollar, Alan Fenwick, Joshua Fierer, Roger G. Finch, James M. Fleckenstein, Christina Forstner, Federico Foschi, Pierre-Edouard Fournier, Martyn A. French, Kenneth L. Gage, Lynne S. Garcia, Joaquim Gascon, Arturo S. Gastañaduy, Philippe Gautret, William M. Geisler, Khalil G. Ghanem, Tommaso Giani, Maddalena Giannella, Bruce L. Gilliam, Michel Gilliet, Carol A. Glaser, Youri Glupczynski, John W. Gnann, Ellie J.C. Goldstein, Bruno Gottstein, Frederique Gouriet, Patti E. Gravitt, Michael D. Green, Stephen T. Green, Andreas H. Groll, Roy M. Gulick, Arjun Gupta, Gilbert Habib, Stephan Harbarth, Marianne Harris, Frederick G. Hayden, David J. Hetem, Philip C. Hill, Bernard Hirschel, Aimee C. Hodowanec, Louis Hoffart, Christian Hoffmann, Steven M. Holland, Peter W. Horby, David J. Horne, Sami Hraiech, Mark W. Hull, Angela Huttner, Richard J.M. Ingram, Jasmin Islam, Michael G. Ison, Scott H. James, Claire Jenkins, Stephen G. Jenkins, Jørgen Skov Jensen, Christine Johnston, Theodore B. Jones, Stephen J. Jordan, Kathleen G. Julian, Yasuyuki Kato, Carol A. Kauffman, Keith S. Kaye, Michael P. Keane, James Keeney, Paul Kelly, Stephen J. Kent, Winfried V. Kern, Yoav Keynan, Andrea A. Kim, Isabelle Koné-Paut, Chris Kosmidis, Aloys C.M. Kroes, Frank P. Kroon, Thomas G. Ksiazek, F. Matthew Kuhlmann, Ed J. Kuijper, Jennie H. Kwon, George B. Kyei, Karine Lacombe, Philippe Lagacé-Wiens, Jean-Christophe Lagier, Theresa Lamagni, Luce Landraud, Fanny Lanternier, Kerry L. LaPlante, Stephen D. Lawn, Steven J. Lawrence, Hakan Leblebicioglu, Nelson Lee, James E. Leggett, Philippe Lehours, Pierre-Yves Levy, Rainer G. Leyh, Rebecca A. Lillis, Direk Limmathurotsakul, Jennifer Lin, H.D. Alan Lindquist, Benjamin A. Lipsky, Christina Liscynesky, David Looney, Olivier Lortholary, Franklin D. Lowy, Benjamin J. Luft, Philip A. Mackowiak, Paul A. MacPherson, Valérie Maghraoui-Slim, Patrick W. Mallon, Julie E. Mangino, Oriol Manuel, Oscar Marchetti, Kristen M. Marks, Kieren A. Marr, Jeanne Marrazzo, Jonas Marschall, David H. Martin, Frédéric Matonti, Richard S. Matulewicz, Kenneth H. Mayer, Russell J. McCulloh, Rose McGready, Rennatus Mdodo, Simon Mead, Francis Mégraud, Graeme Meintjes, Sarah C. Metcalf, Marian G. Michaels, Giovanni Battista Migliori, Michael A. Miles, Alastair Miller, Matthew J. Mimiaga, Marie-Paule Mingeot-Leclercq, Elizabeth Ann Misch, Makedonka Mitreva, Julio S.G. Montaner, Caroline B. Moore, Patricia Muñoz, Jose Muñoz, Clinton K. Murray, Didier Musso, Mable Mutengo, Misha M. Mutizwa, Kurt G. Naber, Pavithra Natarajan, Santiago Neme, Paul N. Newton, Ronald A. Nichols, Lindsay E. Nicolle, François Nosten, Luigi D. Notarangelo, Thomas B. Nutman, Paul Nyirjesy, P. Ronan O'Connell, Steven M. Opal, L. Peter Ormerod, Douglas R. Osmon, Marie Boulze Pankert, Giuseppe Pantaleo, Laurent Papazian, Diane M. Parente, Philippe Parola, Shadi Parsaei, Manuel A. Pascual, Rupa Patel, Eleni Patrozou, Jean-Michel Pawlotsky, Sharon J. Peacock, Jean-Claude Pechère, Ivan Pelegrin, Barry S. Peters, Edgar J.G. Peters, Jeannine M. Petersen, Lyle R. Petersen, Vidmantas Petraitis, Luu-Ly Pham, Albert Picado, Adrian Pilatz, Benoit Pilmis, María-Jesús Pinazo, Mathias W. Pletz, Jason M. Pogue, Evelyn L. Polgreen, Philip M. Polgreen, Klara M. Posfay-Barbe, William G. Powderly, Rachel Presti, Guy Prod'hom, Mirja Puolakkainen, Thomas C. Quinn, Didier Raoult, Raymund R. Razonable, Robert C. Read, Robert R. Redfield, Rob J. Rentenaar, Steven J. Reynolds, Camillo Ribi, Malcolm D. Richardson, Michele L. Ritter, Antoine Roch, Jürgen Kurt Rockstroh, Amanda Rojek, José R. Romero, Suzan H.M. Rooijakkers, Daniel Rosenbluth, Sergio D. Rosenzweig, Gian Maria Rossolini, Ethan Rubinstein, Greg Ryan, Steven A. Safren, Vikrant V. Sahasrabuddhe, Pekka A.I. Saikku, Mohammad M. Sajadi, Michelle R. Salvaggio, Carlos A.Q. Santos, Michael J. Satlin, Anthony J. Schaeffer, Christoph Schimmer, Robert T. Schooley, Richard F. Schumacher, Beverly E. Sha, Daniel S. Shapiro, Gerard Sheehan, David M. Shlaes, Shmuel Shoham, Cameron P. Simmons, Dennis W. Simon, Matthew S. Simon, Kari A. Simonsen, Mary P.E. Slack, Tyrel T. Smith, Jack D. Sobel, Maria Souli, Shruti Sridhar, James M. Steckelberg, Dennis L. Stevens, Heather Strah, A. Willem Sturm, Somnuek Sungkanuparph, Sarah J. Tabrizi, Evelina Tacconelli, Chen Sabrina Tan, Randy A. Taplitz, Guillemette Thomas, Lora D. Thomas, Franck Thuny, Guy Thwaites, Frederic Tissot, Tone Tønjum, Francesca J. Torriani, Christian Toso, Paul M. Tulkens, Allan R. Tunkel, Claire E. Turner, Andrew P. Ustianowski, Françoise van Bambeke, Reinout van Crevel, Diederik van de Beek, Christian van Delden, Menno M. van der Eerden, Jos W.M. van der Meer, Tom van der Poll, Jakko van Ingen, Jos van Putten, Bernard P. Vaudaux, Sten H. Vermund, Raphael P. Viscidi, Kumar Visvanathan, Govinda S. Visvesvara, Lorenz von Seidlein, Florian M.E. Wagenlehner, Anna Wald, Thomas J. Walsh, David C. Warhurst, David W. Warnock, David A. Warrell, Mary J. Warrell, Adilia Warris, Richard R. Watkins, David J. Weatherall, Rainer Weber, Wolfgang Weidner, Jonathan R. White, Peter J. White, James Whitehorn, Richard J. Whitley, Christopher J.M. Whitty, Willem Joost Wiersinga, Mark H. Wilcox, Thomas N. Williams, Cara C. Wilson, Mary Elizabeth Wilson, Hilmar Wisplinghoff, Robin Wood, Richard G. Wunderink, David Wyles, Zhi-Tao Yang, Jonathan S. Yoder, Najam A. Zaidi, Andrea J. Zimmer, Jane N. Zuckerman, and Alimuddin Zumla

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2017
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32. List of Contributors

Author

B. Abbas, A. Abreu, R. Adams, M. Adolfsson-Erici, A. Afonso, C. Afonso-Olivares, E. Agirbas, J.M. Aguiló, L. Airoldi, H. Aksoy, M. Albentosa, L. Alcaro, S. Aliani, I. Al-Maslamani, C. Alomar, D. Altin, E. Álvarez, L.A. Amaral-Zettler, E. Amato, A. Anderson, A.L. Andrady, G. Andrius, D. Angel, F. Ariese, H.P. Arp, M. Asensio, K. Assidqi, C.G. Avio, U. Aytan, T. Bahri, M. Baini, A. Bakir, H. Ball, C. Baranyi, L.G.A. Barboza, U. Barg, L. Bargelloni, H. Barras, C. Barrera, P. Barria, A. Barrows, A. Barth, A. Batel, J. Baztan, P. Baztan, R. Beiras, M. Benedetti, A.A. Berber, N. Berber, M. Bergmann, M. Berlino, S. Berrow, F. Bessa, E. Besseling, B. Beyer, M. Binaglia, T. Bizjak, K.A. Bjorndal, R. Blust, M. Boertien, A.B. Bolten, A.M. Booth, B. Bounoua, P. Bourseau, N. Brahimi, M. Bramini, N. Brennholt, E. Breuninger, J. Bried, A. Broderick, E. Broglio, M.A. Browne, S. Bruzaud, J. Buceta, S. Buchinger, S. Budimir, H. Budzin-ski, E. Butter, J. Cachot, M. Caetano, A. Callaghan, A. Camedda, S. Capella, L. Cardelli, S. Carpentieri, A. Carrasco, R. Carriço, A. Caruso, A.-L. Cassone, A. Castillo, R.O. Castro, A.I. Catarino, P.W. Cazenave, İ. Çelik, P. Cerralbo, G. César, O. Chouinard, I. Chubarenko, I.P. Chubarenko, A.M. Cicero, G. Clarindo, B. Clarke, C. Clérandeau, M. Clüsener-Godt, M. Codina-García, M. Cole, F. Collard, A. Collignon, T. Collins, M. Compa, P. Conan, M. Constant, M. Cordier, W. Courtene-Jones, X. Cousin, P. Covelo, A. Cózar, E. Crichton, O. Crispi, M. Cronin, P.L. Croot, M.J. Cruz, G. d’Errico, C. Dâmaso, K. Das, L.F. de Alencastro, F.V. de Araujo, J.F. de Boer, G.A. de Lucia, P. Debeljak, A. Dehaut, S. Deudero, L. Devrieses, S. Di Vito, A. Díaz, J. Donohue, P. Doumenq, T.K. Doyle, R. Dris, J.-N. Druon, C.M. Duarte, G. Duflos, M. Dumontier, E. Duncan, C. Dussud, A. Eckerlebe, M. Egelkraut-Holtus, D.P. Eidsvoll, C. Ek, S. Elena, A. Elineau, H. Enevoldsen, G. Eppe, M. Eriksen, R. Ernsteins, M. Espino, N. Estévez-Calvar, C. Ewins, P. Fabre, M. Faimali, D. Fattorini, F. Faure, S. Ferrando, J.C. Ferreira, M. Ferreira-da-Costa, E. Fileman, M. Fischer, A.B. Fortunato, M.C. Fossi, V. Foulon, A. Frank, M. Frenzel, L. Frère, J.P.G.L. Frias, H. Frick, P.W. Froneman, V.M. Gabet, G.W. Gabrielsen, J. Gago, T. Gajst, F. Galgani, M. Gallinari, T.S. Galloway, E.G. Gamarro, C. Gambardella, F. Garaventa, S. Garcia, J. Garrabou, P. Garrido, S.F. Gary, J. Gasperi, W. Gaze, T. Geertz, M.D. Gelado-Caballero, M. George, J. Gercken, G. Gerdts, J.-F. Ghiglione, E. Gies, B. Gilbert, L. Giménez, D. Glassom, M. Glockzin, B. Godley, K. Goede, A. Goksøyr, M. Gómez, A. Gómez-Parra, D. González-Marco, J. González-Solís, S. Gorbi, E. Gorokhova, G. Gorsky, M. Gosch, J. Grose, G.M. Guebitz, R. Guedes-Alonso, B. Guijarro, L. Guilhermino, T. Gundry, L. Gutow, M. Haave, M. Haeckel, K. Haernvall, S. Hajbane, M. Hamann, J. Hämer, T. Hamm, B.H. Hansen, B.D. Hardesty, B. Harth, S. Hartikainen, M. Hassellöv, S. Hatzky, M.G. Healy, H. Hégaret, T.B. Henry, L. Hermabessiere, J.J. Hernández-Brito, A. Hernandez-Gonzalez, G. Hernandez-Milian, G. Hernd, A. Herrera, C. Herring, D. Herzke, S. Heussner, V. Hidalgo-Ruz, C. Himber, M. Holland, N.-H. Hong, A.A. Horton, P. Horvat, T. Huck, M. Huhn, A. Huvet, M. Iglesias, C. Igor, I.A. Isachenko, J-A. Ivar do Sul, A. Jahnke, B. Janis, K. Janis, U. Janis, A. Jemec, J.C. Jiménez, H. Johnsen, B. Jorgensen, J.H. Jørgensen, H. Jörundsdóttir, Y.-J. Jung, M. Kedzierski, S. Keiter, P. Kershaw, P. Kerhervé, K. Kesy, F. Khan, L.I. Khatmullina, J. Kirby, K. Kiriakoulakis, R. Klein, T. Klunderud, C.M.H. Knudsen, T.B. Knudsen, C. Kochleus, A.A. Koelmans, T. Kögel, A. Koistinen, K. Kopke, Š. Korez, N. Kowalski, B. Kreikemeyer, F. Kroon, T. Krumpen, A. Krzan, A. Kržan, M. Labrenz, C. Lacroix, L. Ladirat, C. Laforsch, F. Lagarde, E. Lahive, C. Lambert, C. Lapucci, G. Lattin, K.L. Law, F. Le Roux, K. Le Souef, V. Le Tilly, L. Lebreton, E. Leemans, M. Lehtiniemi, M. Lenz, J. Leskinen, H. Leslie, H.A. Leslie, C. Levasseur, C. Lewis, P. Licandro, K. Lind, P. Lindeque, P.K. Lindeque, I. Lips, A. Liria, A. Liria-Loza, O. Llinás, S.A. Loiselle, M. Long, C. Lorenz, S.M. Lorenzo, K. Loubar, G. Luna-Jorquera, A.L. Lusher, V. Macchia, S. MacGabban, K. Mackay, M. MacLeod, T. Maes, E. Magaletti, A. Maggiore, K. Magnusson, A.M. Mahon, P. Makorič, O. Mallow, J. Marques, L. Marsili, E. Martí, M. Martignac, J. Martin, I. Martínez, J. Martínez, M. Martinez-Gil, H.R. Martins, M. Matiddi, N. Maximenko, R. Mazlum, R. Mcadam, L. Mcknight, A.W. McNeal, J. Measures, M.S. Mederos, J. Mendoza, M.S. Meyer, A. Miguelez, M. Milan, T. Militão, R.Z. Miller, M. Mino-Vercellio-Verollet, G. Mir, D. Miranda-Urbina, F. Misurale, S. Montesdeoca-Esponda, J. Mora, S. Morgana, B. Moriceau, B. Morin, A. Morley, L. Morrison, F. Murphy, T. Naidoo, P. Näkki, I.E. Napper, B.E. Narayanaswamy, R. Nash, A. Negri, H.A. Nel, M.S. Nerheim, I.L. Nerland, J. Neto, V. Neves, H. Nies, M. Noel, N.H.M. Nor, F. Noren, B. O’ Connell, I. O’ Connor, J.P. Obbard, S. Oberbeckmann, R. Obispo, R. Officer, M. Ogonowski, A. Orbea, M. Ortlieb, A.M. Osborn, P. Ostiategui-Francia, T. Packard, S. Pahl, A. Palatinus, A. Palmqvist, P. Pannetier, C. Panti, E. Parmentier, P. Pasanen, T. Patarnello, C. Pattiaratchi, M. Pauletto, M. Paulus, K. Pavlekovsky, H.B. Pedersen, M.-L. Pedrotti, I. Peeken, D. Peeters, E. Peeters, D. Pellegrini, J.A. Perales, E. Perez, V. Perz, S. Petit, M. Pflieger, C.K. Pham, V. Piazza, M. Pinto, O. Planells, M. Plaza, O. Pompini, A. Potthoff, L. Prades, S. Primpke, M. Proietti, G. Proskurowski, C. Puig, M. Pujo-Pay, K. Pullerits, A.M. Queirós, B. Quinn, E. Raimonds, J. Ramis-Pujol, R. Rascher-Friesenhausen, E. Reardon, F. Regoli, A.M. Reichardt, G. Reifferscheid, K. Reilly, J. Reisser, I. Riba, D. Ribitsch, E. Rinnert, N. Rios, S.E. Rist, M.M. Rivadeneira, G. Rivière, J. Robbens, C.J.R. Robertson, V. Rocher, C.M. Rochman, M. Rodrigues, Y. Rodriguez, A. Rodríguez, G. Rodríguez, J.R.B. Rodríguez, S. Rodríguez, Y. Rodríguez, E. Rogan, E. Rojo-Nieto, T. Romeo, P.S. Ross, A. Roveta, S.J. Rowland, N.A. Ruckstuhl, A-C. Ruiz-Fernández, L.F. Ruiz-Orejón, J. Runge, M. Russell, C. Saavedra, R. Saborowski, B.E. Sahin, S. Sailley, K. Sakaguchi-Söder, I. Salaverria, A. Sánchez-Arcilla, J. Sánchez-Nieva, W. Sanderson, J.J. Santana-Rodríguez, S. Santana-Viera, M.B. Santos, M.R. Santos, M.R. Sanz, R. Sardá, H. Savelli, R. Schoeneich-Argent, B.M. Scholz-Böttcher, F. Sciacca, R.P. Scofield, O. Setälä, M. Selenius, R. Sempere, Y. Senturk, Y. Shashoua, P. Sherman, C. Sick, D. Siegel, J.P. Sierra, F. Silva, C. Silvestri, G. Sintija, O. Sire, B. Slat, A. Smit, P. Sobral, J. Sorvari, Z. Sosa-Ferrera, M.G. Sotillo, P. Soudant, L. Speidel, D.J. Spurgeon, M.K. Steer, C.C. Steindal, R. Stifanese, A. Štindlová, L. Stuurman, G. Suaria, C.G. Suazo, A. Sureda, C. Surette, C. Svendsen, K. Syberg, Z. Tairova, J. Talvitie, B. Tassin, M. Tazerout, M.B. Tekman, A. ter Halle, M. Thiel, K.V. Thomas, R.C. Thompson, T. Tinkara, V. Tirelli, P. Tomassetti, E. Toorman, J. Toppe, A. Tornambè, R. Torres, M.E. Torres-Padrón, A.J. Underwood, M. Urbina, A. Usategui-Martín, R. Usta, L. Valdés, A. Valente, T. Valentina, K. van Arkel, C. Van Colen, N. Van Der Hal, J.A. van Franeker, L. Van Herwerden, M. Van Loosdrecht, A. van Oyen, F. Vandeperre, J-P. Vanderlinden, D. Vani, L. Vasconcelos, D. Vega-Moreno, A. Ventero, A.D. Vethaak, A. Vianello, M. Vicioso, L.R. Vieira, M.K. Viršek, M. Vos, M. Wahl, N. Wallace, A. Walton, J.J. Waniek, A. Watts, L. Webster, C. Wesch, E. Whitfield, A. Wichels, A.M. Wieczorek, C. Wilcox, R.J. Williams, P. Wong-Wah-Chung, S. Wright, K.J. Wyles, R. Young, M. Yurtsever, U. Yurtsever, L. Zada, N.P. Zamani, and G. Zampetti

Published
2017
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34. Protecting an Ecosystem Service

Author

Tom D. Breeze, Chris Hartfield, Andres N. Arce, John M. Holland, Alfried P. Vogler, M. Green, Simon G. Potts, James E. Cresswell, Rory S. O'Connor, Leonie A. Gough, Matthew S. Heard, James Phillips, Jeff Ollerton, Graham N. Stone, Michael P.D. Garratt, Juliet L. Osborne, Adam J. Vanbergen, Michelle T. Fountain, Cuong Q. Tang, Richard J. Gill, Nigel Boatman, Peter Sutton, Lynn V. Dicks, Mark J. F. Brown, Richard Brand-Hardy, Guy Woodward, and Katherine C. R. Baldock

Subjects
2. Zero hunger, 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Food security, Pollination, Ecology, Context (language use), 15. Life on land, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Ecological network, Ecosystem services, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, Evidence-based conservation, 13. Climate action, Pollinator, 11. Sustainability, Knowledge transfer
Abstract

Insect pollination constitutes an ecosystem service of global importance, providing significant economic and aesthetic benefits as well as cultural value to human society, alongside vital ecological processes in terrestrial ecosystems. It is therefore important to understand how insect pollinator populations and communities respond to rapidly changing environments if we are to maintain healthy and effective pollinator services. This chapter considers the importance of conserving pollinator diversity to maintain a suite of functional traits and provide a diverse set of pollinator services. We explore how we can better understand and mitigate the factors that threaten insect pollinator richness, placing our discussion within the context of populations in predominantly agricultural landscapes in addition to urban environments. We highlight a selection of important evidence gaps, with a number of complementary research steps that can be taken to better understand: (i) the stability of pollinator communities in different landscapes in order to provide diverse pollinator services; (ii) how we can study the drivers of population change to mitigate the effects and support stable sources of pollinator services and (iii) how we can manage habitats in complex landscapes to support insect pollinators and provide sustainable pollinator services for the future. We advocate a collaborative effort to gain higher quality abundance data to understand the stability of pollinator populations and predict future trends. In addition, for effective mitigation strategies to be adopted, researchers need to conduct rigorous field testing of outcomes under different landscape settings, acknowledge the needs of end-users when developing research proposals and consider effective methods of knowledge transfer to ensure effective uptake of actions.

Published
2016
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35. List of Contributors

Author

Mark J. Abzug, Cezmi A. Akdis, Katrina Allen, Leonard B. Bacharier, Mark Ballow, Ashton Bartholow, Allan Becker, Edward M. Behrens, Bruce G. Bender, M. Cecilia Berin, Brett P. Bielory, Leonard Bielory, S. Allan Bock, Mark Boguniewicz, Francisco A. Bonilla, A. Wesley Burks, Andrew Bush, Kenny H. Chan, Mirna Chehade, Anca M. Chiriac, Lisa Cicutto, Samuel A. Collins, Ronina A. Covar, Benjamin P. Davis, Fatma Dedeoglu, Pascal Demoly, Peyton A. Eggleston, Robert Eisenberg, Thomas A. Fleisher, Luz Fonacier, Deborah A. Gentile, James E. Gern, Marion Groetch, Susanne Halken, Robert G. Hamilton, Elysia M. Hollams, Steven M. Holland, John W. Holloway, Patrick G. Holt, Arne Høst, Daniel J. Jackson, Stacie M. Jones, Meyer Kattan, Brian T. Kelly, Kevin J. Kelly, Susan Kim, Donald B. Kohn, Howard M. Lederman, Heather K. Lehman, Robert F. Lemanske, Donald Y.M. Leung, Chris A. Liacouras, Andrew H. Liu, Gabrielle A. Lockett, Jonathan E. Markowitz, Fernando D. Martinez, Elizabeth C. Matsui, Bruce D. Mazer, Henry Milgrom, Amanda B. Muir, Harold S. Nelson, David P. Nichols, Luigi D. Notarangelo, Natalija Novak, Anna Nowak-Węgrzyn, Hans C. Oettgen, J. Tod Olin, Joao Bosco Oliveira, Hanneke (Joanne) N.G. Oude Elberink, Oscar Palomares, Wanda Phipatanakul, Nicole Pleskovic, Susan Prescott, Sergio D. Rosenzweig, Marc E. Rothenberg, Hugh A. Sampson, William J. Sheehan, Scott H. Sicherer, F. Estelle R. Simons, David P. Skoner, Joseph D. Spahn, Robert C. Strunk, Kathleen E. Sullivan, Robert P. Sundel, Stanley J. Szefler, Troy R. Torgerson, Erika von Mutius, Rudolph S. Wagner, Julie Wang, Richard W. Weber, Robert A. Wood, and Bruce L. Zuraw

Published
2016
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38. Contributors

Author

Kjersti Aagaard, Fredrick M. Abrahamian, Ban Mishu Allos, David R. Andes, Fred Y. Aoki, Michael A. Apicella, Kevin L. Ard, Cesar A. Arias, David M. Aronoff, Michael H. Augenbraun, Francisco Averhoff, Dimitri T. Azar, Larry M. Baddour, Lindsey R. Baden, Carol J. Baker, Ronald C. Ballard, Gerard R. Barber, Scott D. Barnes, Dan H. Barouch, Alan D. Barrett, Miriam Baron Barshak, Sridhar V. Basavaraju, Byron E. Batteiger, Stephen G. Baum, Arnold S. Bayer, J. David Beckham, Susan E. Beekmann, Beth P. Bell, John E. Bennett, Dennis A. Bente, Elie F. Berbari, Jonathan Berman, Joseph S. Bertino, Adarsh Bhimraj, Holly H. Birdsall, Alan L. Bisno, Brian G. Blackburn, Lucas S. Blanton, Martin J. Blaser, Thomas P. Bleck, Nicole M.A. Blijlevens, David A. Bobak, William Bonnez, John C. Boothroyd, Luciana L. Borio, Patrick J. Bosque, John Bower, Robert W. Bradsher, Itzhak Brook, Kevin E. Brown, Patricia D. Brown, Barbara A. Brown-Elliott, Roberta L. Bruhn, Amy E. Bryant, Eileen M. Burd, Jane C. Burns, Larry M. Bush, Stephen B. Calderwood, Luz Elena Cano, Charles C.J. Carpenter, Mary T. Caserta, Elio Castagnola, Richard E. Chaisson, Henry F. Chambers, Stephen J. Chapman, James D. Chappell, Lea Ann Chen, Sharon C-A Chen, Anthony W. Chow, Rebecca A. Clark, Jeffrey I. Cohen, Myron S. Cohen, Ronit Cohen-Poradosu, Susan E. Cohn, Mark Connors, Lawrence Corey, Mackenzie L. Cottrell, Timothy L. Cover, Heather L. Cox, William A. Craig, Kent B. Crossley, Clyde S. Crumpacker, James W. Curran, Bart J. Currie, Erika D'Agata, Inger K. Damon, Rabih O. Darouiche, Roberta L. DeBiasi, George S. Deepe, Carlos del Rio, Andrew S. Delemos, Frank R. DeLeo, Gregory P. DeMuri, Peter Densen, Terence S. Dermody, Robin Dewar, James H. Diaz, Carl W. Dieffenbach, Jules L. Dienstag, Yohei Doi, Raphael Dolin, J. Peter Donnelly, Michael S. Donnenberg, Gerald R. Donowitz, Philip R. Dormitzer, James M. Drake, J. Stephen Dumler, J. Stephen Dummer, Herbert L. DuPont, David T. Durack, Marlene L. Durand, Paul H. Edelstein, Michael B. Edmond, John E. Edwards, Morven S. Edwards, George M. Eliopoulos, Richard T. Ellison, Timothy P. Endy, N. Cary Engleberg, Hakan Erdem, Joel D. Ernst, Peter B. Ernst, Rick M. Fairhurst, Jessica K. Fairley, Stanley Falkow, Ann R. Falsey, Anthony S. Fauci, Thomas Fekete, Paul D. Fey, Steven M. Fine, Daniel W. Fitzgerald, Anthony R. Flores, Derek Forster, Vance G. Fowler, David O. Freedman, Arthur M. Friedlander, John N. Galgiani, John I. Gallin, Robert C. Gallo, Tejal N. Gandhi, Wendy S. Garrett, Charlotte A. Gaydos, Thomas W. Geisbert, Jeffrey A. Gelfand, Steven P. Gelone, Dale N. Gerding, Anne A. Gershon, Janet R. Gilsdorf, Ellie J.C. Goldstein, Fred M. Gordin, Paul S. Graman, M. Lindsay Grayson, Jeffrey Bruce Greene, Patricia M. Griffin, David E. Griffith, Richard L. Guerrant, H. Cem Gul, David A. Haake, David W. Haas, Charles Haines, Caroline Breese Hall, Joelle Hallak, Scott A. Halperin, Margaret R. Hammerschlag, Rashidul Haque, Jason B. Harris, Claudia Hawkins, Roderick J. Hay, Craig W. Hedberg, David K. Henderson, Donald A. Henderson, Kevin P. High, Adrian V.S. Hill, David R. Hill, Alan R. Hinman, Martin S. Hirsch, Aimee Hodowanec, Tobias M. Hohl, Steven M. Holland, Robert S. Holzman, Edward W. Hook, David C. Hooper, Thomas M. Hooton, Harold W. Horowitz, C. Robert Horsburgh, James M. Horton, Duane R. Hospenthal, Kevin Hsueh, James M. Hughes, Noreen A. Hynes, Nicole M. Iovine, Jonathan R. Iredell, Michael G. Ison, J. Michael Janda, Edward N. Janoff, Eric C. Johannsen, Angela D.M. Kashuba, Dennis L. Kasper, Donald Kaye, Keith S. Kaye, Kenneth M. Kaye, James W. Kazura, Jay S. Keystone, Rima Khabbaz, David A. Khan, Yury Khudyakov, Rose Kim, Charles H. King, Louis V. Kirchhoff, Jerome O. Klein, Michael Klompas, Bettina M. Knoll, Kirk U. Knowlton, Jane E. Koehler, Stephan A. Kohlhoff, Eija Könönen, Dimitrios P. Kontoyiannis, Igor J. Koralnik, Poonum S. Korpe, Anita A. Koshy, Joseph A. Kovacs, Phyllis Kozarsky, John Krieger, Andrew T. Kroger, Matthew J. Kuehnert, Nalin M. Kumar, Merin Elizabeth Kuruvilla, Regina C. LaRocque, James E. Leggett, Helena Legido-Quigley, Paul N. Levett, Donald P. Levine, Matthew E. Levison, Alexandra Levitt, Russell E. Lewis, W. Conrad Liles, Aldo A.M. Lima, Ajit P. Limaye, W. Ian Lipkin, Nathan Litman, Bennett Lorber, Ruth Ann Luna, Conan MacDougall, Rob Roy, Philip A. Mackowiak, Lawrence C. Madoff, Alan J. Magill, James H. Maguire, Frank Maldarelli, Lewis Markoff, Jeanne M. Marrazzo, Thomas J. Marrie, Thomas Marth, David H. Martin, Gregory J. Martin, Francisco M. Marty, Melanie Jane Maslow, Henry Masur, Alison Mawle, Kenneth H. Mayer, John T. McBride, James S. McCarthy, William M. McCormack, Catherine C. McGowan, Kenneth McIntosh, Paul S. Mead, Malgorzata Mikulska, Robert F. Miller, Samuel I. Miller, David H. Mitchell, John F. Modlin, Rajal K. Mody, Robert C. Moellering, Matthew Moffa, Susan Moir, José G. Montoya, Thomas A. Moore, Philippe Moreillon, J. Glenn Morris, Caryn Gee Morse, Robin Moseley, Robert S. Munford, Edward L. Murphy, Timothy F. Murphy, Barbara E. Murray, Clinton K. Murray, Patrick R. Murray, Daniel M. Musher, Jerod L. Nagel, Esteban C. Nannini, Anna Narezkina, Theodore E. Nash, William M. Nauseef, Jennifer L. Nayak, Marguerite A. Neill, Judith A. O'Donnell, Christopher A. Ohl, Pablo C. Okhuysen, Andrew B. Onderdonk, Steven M. Opal, Walter A. Orenstein, Douglas R. Osmon, Michael T. Osterholm, Stephen M. Ostroff, Michael N. Oxman, Slobodan Paessler, Andrea V. Page, Manjunath P. Pai, Tara N. Palmore, Raj Palraj, Peter G. Pappas, Mark S. Pasternack, Thomas F. Patterson, Deborah Pavan-Langston, David A. Pegues, Robert L. Penn, John R. Perfect, Stanley Perlman, Brett W. Petersen, Phillip K. Peterson, William A. Petri, Cathy A. Petti, Jennifer A. Philips, Julie V. Philley, Michael Phillips, Larry K. Pickering, Peter Piot, Jason M. Pogue, Aurora Pop-Vicas, Cynthia Portal-Celhay, John H. Powers, Richard N. Price, Yok-Ai Que, Justin D. Radolf, Sanjay Ram, Didier Raoult, Jonathan I. Ravdin, Stuart C. Ray, Annette C. Reboli, Marvin S. Reitz, David A. Relman, Cybèle A. Renault, Angela Restrepo, John H. Rex, Elizabeth G. Rhee, Norbert J. Roberts, José R. Romero, Alan L. Rothman, Craig R. Roy, Kathryn L. Ruoff, Mark E. Rupp, Charles E. Rupprecht, Thomas A. Russo, William A. Rutala, Edward T. Ryan, Amar Safdar, Mohammad M. Sajadi, Juan C. Salazar, Juan Carlos Sarria, Maria C. Savoia, Paul E. Sax, W. Michael Scheld, Joshua T. Schiffer, David Schlossberg, Thomas Schneider, Anne Schuchat, Jane R. Schwebke, Cynthia L. Sears, Leopoldo N. Segal, Parham Sendi, Kent A. Sepkowitz, Edward J. Septimus, Alexey Seregin, Stanford T. Shulman, George K. Siberry, Omar K. Siddiqi, Costi D. Sifri, Michael S. Simberkoff, Francesco R. Simonetti, Kamaljit Singh, Nina Singh, Upinder Singh, Scott W. Sinner, Sumathi Sivapalasingam, Leonard N. Slater, A. George Smulian, Jack D. Sobel, M. Rizwan Sohail, David E. Soper, Tania C. Sorrell, James M. Steckelberg, Allen C. Steere, Neal H. Steigbigel, James P. Steinberg, David S. Stephens, Timothy R. Sterling, David A. Stevens, Dennis L. Stevens, Jacob Strahilevitz, Charles W. Stratton, Anthony F. Suffredini, Kathryn N. Suh, Mark S. Sulkowski, Morton N. Swartz, Thomas R. Talbot, C. Sabrina Tan, Ming Tan, Chloe Lynne Thio, David L. Thomas, Lora D. Thomas, Stephen J. Thomas, Anna R. Thorner, Angela María Tobón, Edmund C. Tramont, John J. Treanor, Jason Trubiano, Athe M.N. Tsibris, Allan R. Tunkel, Ronald B. Turner, Kenneth L. Tyler, Ahmet Uluer, Diederik van de Beek, Walter J.F.M. van der Velden, Edouard G. Vannier, Trevor C. Van, James Versalovic, Claudio Viscoli, Ellen R. Wald, Matthew K. Waldor, David H. Walker, Richard J. Wallace, Edward E. Walsh, Stephen R. Walsh, Peter D. Walzer, Christine A. Wanke, Cirle A. Warren, Ronald G. Washburn, Valerie Waters, David J. Weber, Michael D. Weiden, Geoffrey A. Weinberg, Daniel J. Weisdorf, Louis M. Weiss, David F. Welch, Thomas E. Wellems, Richard P. Wenzel, Melinda Wharton, A. Clinton White, Richard J. Whitley, Walter R. Wilson, Glenn W. Wortmann, William F. Wright, Jo-Anne H. Young, Vincent B. Young, Nadezhda Yun, Werner Zimmerli, Stephen H. Zinner, and John J. Zurlo

Published
2015
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39. Utilisation of agri-environment scheme habitats to enhance invertebrate ecosystem service providers

Author

J. Simper, P. J. W. Lutman, Jonathan Storkey, John M. Holland, Nicholas J. Aebischer, and T. Birkett

Subjects
Biomass (ecology), Ecology, fungi, food and beverages, Vegetation, Biology, Ecosystem services, Habitat, Agronomy, Abundance (ecology), Organic farming, Animal Science and Zoology, Annual plant, Agronomy and Crop Science, Invertebrate
Abstract

The impact of habitat management (project-managed, farmer-managed or organic), quantity (proportion of uncropped land) and spatial configuration of habitats (arranged as strips or blocks) on the density and biomass of invertebrate functional groups was studied at the farm (100-ha block) and plot scale. At the farm scale, invertebrate abundance and biomass per unit area of uncropped land, responded positively to the presence of project-managed habitats for a number of invertebrate groups (including parasitoids and chick food). The abundance of different invertebrate functional groups varied considerably between habitat types; no single habitat provided the highest densities of all groups, suggesting that a diversity of habitats is beneficial for ecosystem service delivery. Grassy habitats supported the highest densities of predatory invertebrates, wild bird seed the most parasitoids and annual plant habitats the highest levels of chick food for farmland birds. Vegetation characteristics influenced total invertebrate biomass and levels of chick food, but not the total number of invertebrates or the abundance of those providing biocontrol.

Published
2014

41. Hyper IgE Syndrome (STAT3 Defect)

Author

Steven M. Holland and Jennifer M. Puck

Subjects
Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Pneumatocele, Connective tissue, Biology, medicine.disease, Immunoglobulin E, Pneumonia, Elevated IgE, medicine.anatomical_structure, Immunology, medicine, biology.protein, Interleukin 17, STAT3, Immunodeficiency
Abstract

Hyper IgE syndrome (HIES) is a rare immunodeficiency that was originally described as a triad of recurrent staphylococcal boils, pneumonias that develop post-infectious pneumatoceles, and extreme elevations of serum IgE. Additional non-immune features include abnormalities of the skeleton, dentition, connective tissue, and vasculature. Autosomal dominant inheritance is seen in some families, though sporadic cases predominate. Heterozygous dominant interfering mutations in the STAT3 gene cause HIES, although related conditions with elevated IgE and recurrent infections are associated with other genetic defects.

Published
2014
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42. Contributors

Author

Bernd H. Belohradsky, Melvin Berger, Aziz A. Bousfiha, Jean-Laurent Casanova, Marina Cavazzana-Calvo, Helen M. Chapel, Antonio Condino-Neto, Max D. Cooper, Charlotte Cunningham-Rundles, Robert Currier, Geneviève de Saint Basile, Carol Ann Demaret, Anne Durandy, Karin R. Engelhardt, Amos Etzioni, Alain Fischer, Thomas A. Fleisher, Michael M. Frank, Richard A. Gatti, Raif S. Geha, Bodo Grimbacher, Salima Hacein-Bey-Abina, Michael S. Hershfield, Rochelle Hirschhorn, Steven M. Holland, Leila Jeddane, Sven Kracker, Warren J. Leonard, Deborah McCurdy, Donna M. McDonald-McGinn, Hilaire J. Meuwissen, Fred M. Modell, Vicki M. Modell, Luigi Daniele Notarangelo, Hans D. Ochs, Capucine Picard, Jennifer M. Puck, William T. Shearer, C.I. Edvard Smith, E. Richard Stiehm, Rainer Storb, Kathleen E. Sullivan, Karl Welte, and Jerry A. Winkelstein

Published
2014
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43. List of Contributors

Author

Mark Ballow, Mohamed-Ridha Barbouche, Vincent R. Bonagura, Francisco A. Bonilla, Sarah K. Browne, Fabio Candotti, Magda Carneiro-Sampaio, Talal A. Chatila, Yanick J. Crow, Charlotte Cunningham-Rundles, Rebeca Pérez de Diego, Adriana A. de Jesus, Geneviève de Saint Basile, Esther de Vries, Inderjeet Dokal, Anne Durandy, Stephan Ehl, Robert Eisenberg, Brian Eley, Amos Etzioni, Polly J. Ferguson, Thomas A. Fleisher, Michael M. Frank, Alexandra F. Freeman, Eleonora Gambineri, Benjamin Gathmann, Raif S. Geha, Andrew R. Gennery, Erik-Oliver Glocker, Raphaela Goldbach-Mansky, John M. Graham, Bodo Grimbacher, Elie Haddad, Sophie Hambleton, Suheir Hanna, Steven M. Holland, Jean-Pierre de Villartay, Sara Kashef, Christoph Klein, Donald B. Kohn, Sven Kracker, Yu-Lung Lau, Pamela Lee, Heather Lehman, Jennifer W. Leiding, Lily E. Leiva, Michael J. Lenardo, Arnold I. Levinson, Robert Y. Lin, Vassilios Lougaris, M. Louise Markert, Rebecca A. Marsh, László Maródi, David H. McDermott, Douglas R. McDonald, Stephen J. McGeady, Joshua D. Milner, Jeffrey E. Ming, Despina Moshous, Ludmila Müller, Kim E. Nichols, Luigi D. Notarangelo, Hans Ochs, João Bosco Oliveira, Jordan S. Orange, Roberto Paganelli, Graham Pawelec, Elena E. Perez, Alessandro Plebani, Oscar Porras, Jennifer M. Puck, Isabella Quinti, Nima Rezaei, Carlos Rodríguez-Gallego, Sergio D. Rosenzweig, John M. Routes, Irini Sereti, Ricardo U. Sorensen, Carsten Speckmann, Helen C. Su, Kathleen E. Sullivan, M. Teresa de la Morena, Troy Torgerson, James Treat, Mirjam van der Burg, Silvère M. van der Maarel, James W. Verbsky, Anna Villa, Klaus Warnatz, Corry M.R. Weemaes, Hale Yarmohammadi, Joyce E. Yu, John B. Ziegler, and Heddy Zola

Published
2014
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44. Chronic Granulomatous Disease – from a Fatal Disease to a Curable One

Author

Steven M. Holland

Subjects
Enzyme complex, NADPH oxidase, biology, Genetic enhancement, medicine.medical_treatment, Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, medicine.disease, Chronic granulomatous disease, Immunology, Genotype, biology.protein, medicine, P22phox, Gene
Abstract

In 1957, a “new syndrome” of recurrent infections was recognized and named “fatal granulomatous disease of childhood”. It took ten more years to figure out that neutrophils from these patients (now described as having chronic granulomatous disease [CGD]), were able to digest but not kill staphylococci and other microorganisms. This discovery led to the recognition that CGD neutrophils were endowed with reduced oxidative activity due to a defect in NADPH oxidase, which was recognized as a multicomponent enzyme required for neutrophil killing. By 1990, all proteins (and their genes) that created this enzyme complex were identified as membrane bound (cytochrome b558, comprised of gp91phox and p22phox) and cytosolic (p47phox, p67phox and p40phox) components. Sorting out the molecular basis of X-linked and autosomal recessive CGD not only facilitated diagnosis, but allowed genotype/phenotype correlation, and contributed to selection of optimal therapies, including antimicrobial prophylaxis, interferon-γ, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and gene therapy.

Published
2014
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46. The Marine Cryosphere

Author

David M. Holland

Subjects
Drift ice, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Oceanography, Lead (sea ice), Sea ice thickness, Sea ice, Cryosphere, Antarctic sea ice, Sea ice concentration, Arctic ice pack, Geology
Abstract

The polar oceans interact with both sea ice, formed in situ at the ocean surface, and land ice, flowing under gravity from the land onto the ocean surface. This ice–ocean interaction has profound consequences for the ocean and climate in a number of ways: a change in ocean surface albedo and surface energy balance where there is ice cover compared with open ocean, a change in global sea level when land ice flows into the ocean, and a transformation of water masses through melting or freezing of ice which subsequently influences the global conveyor belt. Another type of ice–ocean interaction, less well understood, is that between marine permafrost at the seafloor and the overlying ocean waters. Collectively, we refer to sea ice, land ice, and marine permafrost as the marine cryosphere. In this chapter, we review current understanding of the interaction of the marine cryosphere with the global ocean and discuss emerging technologies to improve observations and numerical modeling of these interactions. Projections for the state of the marine cryosphere into the current century and beyond are reviewed.

Published
2013
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47. List of contributors

Author

Roshini Sarah Abraham, Cristina Albanesi, Ilias Alevizos, Juan Anguita, Gregory M. Anstead, Cynthia Aranow, Howard A. Austin, Subash Babu, Mark C. Ballow, James E. Balow, David R. Barnidge, John W. Belmont, Gabrielle T. Belz, Dina Ben-Yehuda, Claudia Berek, Timothy Beukelman, Thomas Bieber, Johannes W.J. Bijlsma, Jack J.H. Bleesing, Sarah E. Blutt, Barbara Bohle, Elena Borzova, Prosper N. Boyaka, Brockow Knut, Jacinta Bustamante, Frank Buttgereit, Mary Byrne, Virginia L. Calder, Magda Carneiro-Sampaio, Sebastian Carotta, Jean-Laurent Casanova, Lisa A. Cavacini, Edwin S.L. Chan, Javier Chinen, Tanuja Chitnis, Monique Cho, Lisa Christopher-Stine, Andrew P. Cope, David B. Corry, Tricia Cottrell, Antonio Coutinho, Marco Craveiro, Randy Q. Cron, Jennifer Cuellar-Rodriguez, Marinos C. Dalakas, Stephanie C. de Barros, Blythe H. Devlin, Betty Diamond, Angela Dispenzieri, Terry W. Du Clos, Stéphanie Dupuis-Boisson, Todd N. Eagar, Kim D. Edhegard, George S. Eisenbarth, Craig A. Elmets, Doruk Erkan, Mark B. Feinberg, Erol Fikrig, Thomas A. Fleisher, Andrew P. Fontenot, Luis M. Franco, Alexandra F. Freeman, Anthony J. Frew, Thea Friedman, Kohtaro Fujihashi, Massimo Gadina, Stephen J. Galli, H. Bobby Gaspar, Moshe E. Gatt, M. Eric Gershwin, Kamran Ghoreschi, Susan L. Gillespie, Jörg J. Goronzy, Clive E.H. Grattan, Neil S. Greenspan, Eyal Grunebaum, Gabrielle Haeberli, Russell P. Hall, Robert G. Hamilton, Gregory R. Harriman, Sarfaraz A. Hasni, Arthur Helbling, Melanie Hingorani, Steven M. Holland, Petr L. Hruz, Gabor Illei, John B. Imboden, Shai Izraeli, Elaine S. Jaffe, Caroline Jagobi, Sirpa Jalkanen, Pim Jetanalin, Emmanuelle Jouanguy, Carl H. June, Axel Kallies, Stefan H.E. Kaufmann, Arthur Kavanaugh, Sabiha Khan, Farrah Kheradmand, Samia J. Khoury, Gary A. Koretzky, Robert Korngold, Anna Kovalszki, Douglas B. Kuhns, Robert A. Kyle, Ian R. Lanza, Arian Laurence, Susan J. Lee, Michael J. Lenardo, Arnold I. Levinson, Ofer Levy, David B. Lewis, Dorothy E. Lewis, Sue L. Lightman, Michael D. Lockshin, Michael T. Lotze, Amber Luong, Meggan Mackay, Jean-Luc Malo, Jonathan S. Maltzman, Peter J. Mannon, Michael P. Manns, Mary Louise Markert, Elizabeth A. McCarthy, Douglas R. McDonald, Jerry R. McGhee, Peter C. Melby, Dean D. Metcalfe, Martin Metz, Stephen D. Miller, Anna L. Mitchell, Shruti Mittal, Makoto Miyara, Carolyn Mold, David R. Moller, Scott N. Mueller, Ulrich R. Müller, Philip M. Murphy, Pierre Noel, Luigi Notarangelo, Thomas B. Nutman, Stephen L. Nutt, João B. Oliveira, Chris M. Olson, John J. O'Shea, Sung-Yun Pai, Lavannya Pandit, Mary E. Paul, Simon H.S. Pearce, Erik J. Peterson, Capucine Picard, Werner J. Pichler, Stefania Pittaluga, Anne Puel, Andreas Radbruch, Stephen T. Reece, John D. Reveille, Robert R. Rich, Christine Rivat, Bruce W.S. Robinson, John R. Rodgers, Chaim M. Roifman, Antony Rosen, James T. Rosenbaum, Barry T. Rouse, Scott D. Rowley, Shimon Sakaguchi, Marko Salmi, Harry W. Schroeder, Markus J.H. Seibel, Carlo Selmi, William M. Shafer, Prediman K. Shah, Sushma Shankar, Alan R. Shaw, William T. Shearer, Javed Sheikh, Richard Siegel, Anna Simon, Philip L. Simonian, Gideon P. Smith, Justine R. Smith, Andrew L. Snow, David S. Stephens, John H. Stone, Alex Straumann, Helen C. Su, Louise Swainson, Ewa Szymanska-Mroczek, Naomi Taylor, Adrian J. Thrasher, Laura Timares, Raul M. Torres, Gülbŭ Uzel, Jos W.M. van der Meer, Jeroen C.H. van der Hilst, John Varga, Meryl Waldman, Peter Weiser, Peter F. Weller, Cornelia M. Weyand, Theresa L. Whiteside, Fredrick M. Wigley, Robert J. Winchester, Kajsa Wing, Kathryn Wood, Hui Xu, Shen-Ying Zhang, and Valérie S. Zimmermann

Published
2013
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49. Contributors

Author

Charles S. Abrams, Frank J. Accurso, Nezam H. Afdhal, Cem Akin, Allen J. Aksamit, Qais Al-Awqati, Ban Mishu Allos, David Altshuler, Michael J. Aminoff, Jeffrey L. Anderson, Karl E. Anderson, Larry J. Anderson, Karen H. Antman, Aśok C. Antony, Gerald B. Appel, Frederick R. Appelbaum, William P. Arend, Paul Arguin, James O. Armitage, Cheryl A. Armstrong, M. Amin Arnaout, Robert Arnold, David Atkins, William L. Atkinson, Dennis Ausiello, Bruce R. Bacon, Grover C. Bagby, Barbara J. Bain, Dean F. Bajorin, Mark Ballow, Robert W. Baloh, Jonathan Barasch, Richard L. Barbano, Murray G. Baron, Elizabeth Barrett-Connor, Michael J. Barry, Bruce A. Barshop, John G. Bartlett, Mary Barton, Robert C. Basner, Stephen G. Baum, Daniel G. Bausch, Arnold S. Bayer, Hasan Bazari, John H. Beigel, George A. Beller, Robert M. Bennett, Joseph R. Berger, Paul Berk, Nancy Berliner, James L. Bernat, Philip J. Bierman, Bruce R. Bistrian, Joseph J. Biundo, Charles D. Blanke, Joel N. Blankson, Martin J. Blaser, William A. Blattner, Thomas P. Bleck, William E. Boden, C. Richard Boland, Jean Bolognia, Robert Bonomo, Larry Borish, Patrick J. Bosque, Randall Brand, Itzhak Brook, Enrico Brunetti, David M. Buchner, Pierre A. Buffet, H. Franklin Bunn, Peter A. Calabresi, David P. Calfee, Hugh Calkins, Douglas Cameron, Michael Camilleri, Grant W. Cannon, Maria Domenica Cappellini, Blase A. Carabello, Edgar M. Carvalho, Agustin Castellanos, Naga P. Chalasani, Henry Chambers, Mary Charlson, William P. Cheshire, Patrick F. Chinnery, David C. Christiani, David R. Clemmons, Jeffrey Cohen, Myron S. Cohen, Steven P. Cohen, Steven L. Cohn, Robert Colebunders, Joseph M. Connors, Deborah J. Cook, C. Ralph Corey, Kenneth H. Cowan, William A. Craig, Simon L. Croft, Mary K. Crow, John A. Crump, Mark R. Cullen, Gary C. Curhan, Inger K. Damon, Troy E. Daniels, Nancy Davidson, Lisa M. DeAngelis, Malcolm M. DeCamp, Carlos Del Rio, George D. Demetri, Robert H. Demling, Patricia A. Deuster, Robert B. Diasio, David J. Diemert, Kathleen B. Digre, John M. Douglas, Jeffrey M. Drazen, Stephen C. Dreskin, W. Lawrence Drew, George L. Drusano, Thomas D. DuBose, F. Daniel Duffy, Herbert L. DuPont, Madeleine Duvic, Kathryn M. Edwards, N. Lawrence Edwards, Lawrence H. Einhorn, Ronald J. Elin, George M. Eliopoulos, Perry Elliott, Jerrold J. Ellner, Louis J. Elsas, Dirk M. Elston, Ezekiel J. Emanuel, Gregory F. Erickson, Armin Ernst, Joel D. Ernst, David S. Ettinger, Amelia Evoli, Douglas O. Faigel, Gary W. Falk, Murray J. Favus, Gene Feder, Stephan D. Fihn, Gary S. Firestein, Neil Fishman, Lee A. Fleisher, Marsha D. Ford, Chris E. Forsmark, Vance G. Fowler, Jay W. Fox, Manuel A. Franco, Martyn A. French, Karen Freund, Linda P. Fried, Cem Gabay, Kenneth L. Gage, Robert F. Gagel, John N. Galgiani, Patrick G. Gallagher, Eithan Galun, Leonard Ganz, Guadalupe Garcia-Tsao, Jonathan D. Gates, William M. Geisler, Tony P. George, Dale N. Gerding, M. Eric Gershwin, Morie A. Gertz, Gordon D. Ginder, Jeffrey Ginsberg, Geoffrey S. Ginsburg, Michael Glogauer, John W. Gnann, Matthew R. Golden, Lee Goldman, Ellie J. Goldstein, Lawrence T. Goodnough, Jörg J. Goronzy, Eduardo Gotuzzo, Deborah Grady, Leslie C. Grammer, F. Anthony Greco, Harry B. Greenberg, Peter K. Gregersen, Robert C. Griggs, Lisa M. Guay-Woodford, Richard L. Guerrant, Colleen Hadigan, John D. Hainsworth, Anders Hamsten, Kenneth R. Hande, H. Hunter Handsfield, Göran K. Hansson, Rashidul Haque, Raymond C. Harris, Stephen Crane Hauser, Frederick G. Hayden, Letha Healey, Douglas C. Heimburger, Erik L. Hewlett, David R. Hill, Nicholas S. Hill, L. David Hillis, Jack Hirsh, V. Michael Holers, Steven M. Holland, Steven Hollenberg, Edward W. Hook, Laurence Huang, Leonard D. Hudson, Steven E. Hyman, Michael Iannuzzi, Robert D. Inman, Sharon K. Inouye, Karl L. Insogna, Silvio E. Inzucchi, Eric M. Isselbacher, Ahmedin Jemal, Joanna Jen, Dennis M. Jensen, Michael D. Jensen, Robert T. Jensen, Mariell Jessup, Stuart Johnson, Ralph F. Józefowicz, Stephen G. Kaler, Moses R. Kamya, Hagop Kantarjian, David R. Karp, Daniel L. Kastner, David A. Katzka, Debra K. Katzman, Carol A. Kauffman, Kenneth Kaushansky, Emmet B. Keeffe, Morton Kern, Gerald T. Keusch, David H. Kim, Matthew Kim, Louis V. Kirchhoff, Michael J. Klag, Samuel Klein, David S. Knopman, Tamsin A. Knox, Albert I. Ko, Rami S. Komrokji, Dimitrios P. Kontoyiannis, Barbara S. Koppel, Kevin Korenblat, Bruce R. Korf, Neil J. Korman, Joseph A. Kovacs, Monica Kraft, Christopher M. Kramer, Donna M. Krasnewich, Peter J. Krause, Henry M. Kronenberg, Ernst J. Kuipers, Paul Ladenson, Donald W. Landry, Nancy E. Lane, Anthony E. Lang, Richard A. Lange, George V. Lawry, Thomas H. Lee, William M. Lee, James Leggett, Adam Lerner, Stuart Levin, Stephanie M. Levine, Gary R. Lichtenstein, Henry W. Lim, Aldo A.M. Lima, Andrew H. Limper, Geoffrey S.F. Ling, Alan F. List, William C. Little, Richard F. Loeser, Bennett Lorber, Donald E. Low, Daniel R. Lucey, James R. Lupski, Henry T. Lynch, Jeffrey M. Lyness, Bruce W. Lytle, C. Ronald MacKenzie, Harriet MacMillan, Robert D. Madoff, Mark W. Mahowald, Atul Malhotra, Lionel A. Mandell, Peter Manu, Marsha D. Marcus, Ariane J. Marelli, Maurie Markman, Andrew R. Marks, Kieren A. Marr, Thomas J. Marrie, Paul Martin, Joel B. Mason, Barry M. Massie, Henry Masur, Eric L. Matteson, Toby Maurer, Emeran A. Mayer, Stephen A. McClave, F. Dennis McCool, Charles E. McCulloch, Michael A. McGuigan, John McHutchison, William McKenna, Vallerie McLaughlin, John J.V. McMurray, Mary McNaughton-Collins, Kenneth McQuaid, Frederick W. Miller, Kenneth L. Minaker, Jonathan W. Mink, Daniel R. Mishell, William E. Mitch, Mark E. Molitch, Bruce A. Molitoris, José G. Montoya, Fred Morady, Jeffrey A. Moscow, Andrew H. Murr, Robert J. Myerburg, Stanley Naguwa, Stanley J. Naides, Theodore E. Nash, Avindra Nath, Eric G. Neilson, Lawrence S. Neinstein, Thomas B. Newman, William L. Nichols, Lynnette K. Nieman, Dennis E. Niewoehner, S. Ragnar Norrby, David A. Norris, Susan O’Brien, Francis G. O’Connor, Patrick G. O’Connor, James R. O'Dell, Anne E. O'Donnell, Jae K. Oh, Jeffrey E. Olgin, Jeffrey W. Olin, Walter A. Orenstein, Douglas R. Osmon, Catherine M. Otto, Stephen A. Paget, Mark Papania, Peter G. Pappas, Pankaj Jay Pasricha, David L. Paterson, Carlo Patrono, Jean-Michel Pawlotsky, Richard D. Pearson, Eli N. Perencevich, Trish M. Perl, Michael C. Perry, William A. Petri, Marc A. Pfeffer, Perry J. Pickhardt, Gerald B. Pier, David S. Pisetsky, Marshall R. Posner, Charlene Prather, Basil A. Pruitt, Reed E. Pyeritz, Thomas C. Quinn, Jai Radhakrishnan, Ganesh Raghu, Margaret V. Ragni, Srinivasa N. Raja, S. Vincent Rajkumar, Didier Raoult, Robert W. Rebar, Annette C. Reboli, K. Rajender Reddy, Donald A. Redelmeier, Susan E. Reef, Neil M. Resnick, David B. Reuben, Herbert Y. Reynolds, Emanuel P. Rivers, Robert A. Rizza, Lewis R. Roberts, Jean-Marc Rolain, José R. Romero, G. David Roodman, Clifford Rosen, Karen Rosene-Montella, Philip J. Rosenthal, Marc E. Rothenberg, Hope S. Rugo, James A. Russell, Anil K. Rustgi, Robert A. Salata, Jane E. Salmon, Renato M. Santos, Michael N. Sawka, Andrew I. Schafer, William Schaffner, W. Michael Scheld, Eileen Schneider, Thomas J. Schnitzer, Robert T. Schooley, David L. Schriger, Steven A. Schroeder, Lynn M. Schuchter, Sam Schulman, Lawrence B. Schwartz, Robert S. Schwartz, Carlos Seas, Steven A. Seifert, Julian L. Seifter, Clay F. Semenkovich, Carol E. Semrad, F. John Service, George M. Shaw, Pamela J. Shaw, Robert S. Sherwin, Michael E. Shy, Wilmer L. Sibbitt, Ellen Sidransky, Robert F. Siliciano, Michael S. Simberkoff, David L. Simel, Karl Skorecki, Arthur S. Slutsky, Eric J. Small, Gerald W. Smetana, Frederick S. Southwick, Robert F. Spiera, Stanley M. Spinola, Pawel Stankiewicz, Paul Stark, Lynne S. Steinbach, Martin H. Steinberg, Theodore S. Steiner, David S. Stephens, David A. Stevens, William G. Stevenson, Arthur E. Stillman, James K. Stoller, John H. Stone, Edwin P. Su, Roland W. Sutter, Morton N. Swartz, Ronald S. Swerdloff, Megan Sykes, Thomas A. Tami, Susan M. Tarlo, Victoria M. Taylor, Ayalew Tefferi, Paul S. Teirstein, Sam R. Telford, Margaret Tempero, Michael J. Thun, Nina Tolkoff-Rubin, Antonella Tosti, John J. Treanor, Ronald B. Turner, Arthur C. Upton, Greet Van den Berghe, John Varga, Adrian Vella, Joseph G. Verbalis, Ronald G. Victor, Angela Vincent, Paul A. Volberding, Julie M. Vose, Robert M. Wachter, Edward H. Wagner, Edward E. Walsh, Thomas J. Walsh, Christina Wang, Christine Wanke, Stephen I. Wasserman, Heiner Wedemeyer, Geoffrey A. Weinberg, David A. Weinstein, Robert S. Weinstein, Roger D. Weiss, Martin Weisse, Jeffrey I. Weitz, Samuel A. Wells, Richard P. Wenzel, Victoria P. Werth, Sterling G. West, Cornelia M. Weyand, A. Clinton White, Christopher J. White, Perrin C. White, Richard J. Whitley, Michael P. Whyte, Samuel Wiebe, Jeanine P. Wiener-Kronish, Jennifer E. Wildes, Alexander Wilmer, William Winkenwerder, Joseph I. Wolfsdorf, Gary P. Wormser, John J. Wysolmerski, Myron Yanoff, Neal S. Young, William F. Young, Alan S.L. Yu, Mark L. Zeidel, Peter Zimetbaum, and Justin A. Zivin

Published
2012
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50. Immunodeficiencies

Author

Luigi D. Notarangelo, Steven M. Holland, Sergio D. Rosenzweig, and Richard-Fabian Schumacher

Subjects
business.industry, Medicine, business
Published
2010
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