Author: "Lo W.-C." / Publisher: elsevier - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

6 results on '"Lo W.-C."'

1. Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants

Author: Zhou, B, Carrillo-Larco, RM, Danaei, G, Riley, LM, Paciorek, CJ, Stevens, GA, Gregg, EW, Bennett, JE, Solomon, B, Singleton, RK, Sophiea, MK, Iurilli, MLC, Lhoste, VPF, Cowan, MJ, Savin, S, Woodward, M, Balanova, Y, Cifkova, R, Damasceno, A, Elliott, P, Farzadfar, F, He, J, Ikeda, N, Kengne, AP, Khang, Y-H, Kim, HC, Laxmaiah, A, Lin, H-H, Margozzini Maira, P, Miranda, JJ, Neuhauser, H, Sundström, J, Varghese, C, Widyahening, IS, Zdrojewski, T, Abarca-Gómez, L, Abdeen, ZA, Abdul Rahim, HF, Abu-Rmeileh, NM, Acosta-Cazares, B, Adams, RJ, Aekplakorn, W, Afsana, K, Afzal, S, Agdeppa, IA, Aghazadeh-Attari, J, Aguilar-Salinas, CA, Agyemang, C, Ahmad, NA, Ahmadi, A, Ahmadi, N, Ahmadizar, F, Ahmed, SH, Ahrens, W, Ajlouni, K, Al-Raddadi, R, Alarouj, M, AlBuhairan, F, AlDhukair, S, Ali, MM, Alkandari, A, Alkerwi, A, Allin, K, Aly, E, Amarapurkar, DN, Amougou, N, Amouyel, P, Andersen, LB, Anderssen, SA, Anjana, RM, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Ansong, D, Aounallah-Skhiri, H, Araújo, J, Ariansen, I, Aris, T, Arku, RE, Arlappa, N, Aryal, KK, Aspelund, T, Assah, FK, Assunção, MCF, Auvinen, J, Avdićová, M, Azevedo, A, Azimi-Nezhad, M, Azizi, F, Azmin, M, Babu, BV, Bahijri, S, Balakrishna, N, Bamoshmoosh, M, Banach, M, Banadinović, M, Bandosz, P, Banegas, JR, Baran, J, Barbagallo, CM, Barceló, A, Barkat, A, Barreto, M, Barros, AJD, Barros, MVG, Bartosiewicz, A, Basit, A, Bastos, JLD, Bata, I, Batieha, AM, Batyrbek, A, Baur, LA, Beaglehole, R, Belavendra, A, Ben Romdhane, H, Benet, M, Benson, LS, Berkinbayev, S, Bernabe-Ortiz, A, Bernotiene, G, Bettiol, H, Bezerra, J, Bhagyalaxmi, A, Bhargava, SK, Bia, D, Biasch, K, Bika Lele, EC, Bikbov, MM, Bista, B, Bjerregaard, P, Bjertness, E, Bjertness, MB, Björkelund, C, Bloch, KV, Blokstra, A, Bo, S, Bobak, M, Boeing, H, Boggia, JG, Boissonnet, CP, Bojesen, SE, Bongard, V, Bonilla-Vargas, A, Bopp, M, Borghs, H, Bovet, P, Boyer, CB, Braeckman, L, Brajkovich, I, Branca, F, Breckenkamp, J, Brenner, H, Brewster, LM, Briceño, Y, Brito, M, Bruno, G, Bueno-de-Mesquita, HB, Bueno, G, Bugge, A, Burns, C, Bursztyn, M, Cabrera de León, A, Cacciottolo, J, Cameron, C, Can, G, Cândido, APC, Capanzana, MV, Čapková, N, Capuano, E, Capuano, V, Cardoso, VC, Carlsson, AC, Carvalho, J, Casanueva, FF, Censi, L, Cervantes-Loaiza, M, Chadjigeorgiou, CA, Chamukuttan, S, Chan, AW, Chan, Q, Chaturvedi, HK, Chaturvedi, N, Chee, ML, Chen, C-J, Chen, F, Chen, H, Chen, S, Chen, Z, Cheng, C-Y, Cheraghian, B, Cherkaoui Dekkaki, I, Chetrit, A, Chien, K-L, Chiolero, A, Chiou, S-T, Chirita-Emandi, A, Chirlaque, M-D, Cho, B, Christensen, K, Christofaro, DG, Chudek, J, Cinteza, E, Claessens, F, Clarke, J, Clays, E, Cohen, E, Concin, H, Cooper, C, Coppinger, TC, Costanzo, S, Cottel, D, Cowell, C, Craig, CL, Crampin, AC, Crujeiras, AB, Cruz, JJ, Csilla, S, Cui, L, Cureau, FV, Cuschieri, S, D'Arrigo, G, d'Orsi, E, Dallongeville, J, Dankner, R, Dantoft, TM, Dauchet, L, Davletov, K, De Backer, G, De Bacquer, D, De Curtis, A, de Gaetano, G, De Henauw, S, de Oliveira, PD, De Ridder, D, De Smedt, D, Deepa, M, Deev, AD, DeGennaro, VJ, Delisle, H, Demarest, S, Dennison, E, Deschamps, V, Dhimal, M, Di Castelnuovo, AF, Dias-da-Costa, JS, Diaz, A, Dickerson, TT, Dika, Z, Djalalinia, S, Do, HTP, Dobson, AJ, Donfrancesco, C, Donoso, SP, Döring, A, Dorobantu, M, Dörr, M, Doua, K, Dragano, N, Drygas, W, Duante, CA, Duboz, P, Duda, RB, Dulskiene, V, Dushpanova, A, Džakula, A, Dzerve, V, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, E, Eddie, R, Eftekhar, E, Eggertsen, R, Eghtesad, S, Eiben, G, Ekelund, U, El-Khateeb, M, El Ati, J, Eldemire-Shearer, D, Eliasen, M, Elosua, R, Erasmus, RT, Erbel, R, Erem, C, Eriksen, L, Eriksson, JG, Escobedo-de la Peña, J, Eslami, S, Esmaeili, A, Evans, A, Faeh, D, Fakhretdinova, AA, Fall, CH, Faramarzi, E, Farjam, M, Fattahi, MR, Fawwad, A, Felix-Redondo, FJ, Felix, SB, Ferguson, TS, Fernandes, RA, Fernández-Bergés, D, Ferrante, D, Ferrao, T, Ferrari, M, Ferrario, MM, Ferreccio, C, Ferreira, HS, Ferrer, E, Ferrieres, J, Figueiró, TH, Fink, G, Fischer, K, Foo, LH, Forsner, M, Fouad, HM, Francis, DK, Franco, MDC, Frikke-Schmidt, R, Frontera, G, Fuchs, FD, Fuchs, SC, Fujita, Y, Fumihiko, M, Furdela, V, Furer, A, Furusawa, T, Gaciong, Z, Galbarczyk, A, Galenkamp, H, Galvano, F, Gao, J, Gao, P, Garcia-de-la-Hera, M, Garcia, P, Gareta, D, Garnett, SP, Gaspoz, J-M, Gasull, M, Gazzinelli, A, Gehring, U, Geleijnse, JM, George, R, Ghanbari, A, Ghasemi, E, Gheorghe-Fronea, O-F, Ghimire, A, Gialluisi, A, Giampaoli, S, Gieger, C, Gill, TK, Giovannelli, J, Gironella, G, Giwercman, A, Gkiouras, K, Goldberg, M, Goldsmith, RA, Gomez, LF, Gomula, A, Gonçalves, H, Gonçalves, M, Gonçalves Cordeiro da Silva, B, Gonzalez-Chica, DA, Gonzalez-Gross, M, González-Rivas, JP, González-Villalpando, C, González-Villalpando, M-E, Gonzalez, AR, Gorbea, MB, Gottrand, F, Graff-Iversen, S, Grafnetter, D, Grajda, A, Grammatikopoulou, MG, Gregor, RD, Grodzicki, T, Grosso, G, Gruden, G, Gu, D, Guan, OP, Gudmundsson, EF, Gudnason, V, Guerrero, R, Guessous, I, Guimaraes, AL, Gulliford, MC, Gunnlaugsdottir, J, Gunter, MJ, Gupta, PC, Gupta, R, Gureje, O, Gurzkowska, B, Gutierrez, L, Gutzwiller, F, Ha, S, Hadaegh, F, Haghshenas, R, Hakimi, H, Halkjær, J, Hambleton, IR, Hamzeh, B, Hange, D, Hanif, AAM, Hantunen, S, Hao, J, Hardman, CM, Hari Kumar, R, Hashemi-Shahri, SM, Hata, J, Haugsgjerd, T, Hayes, AJ, He, Y, Heier, M, Hendriks, ME, Henrique, RDS, Henriques, A, Hernandez Cadena, L, Herqutanto, Herrala, S, Heshmat, R, Hill, AG, Ho, SY, Ho, SC, Hobbs, M, Holdsworth, M, Homayounfar, R, Horasan Dinc, G, Horimoto, ARVR, Hormiga, CM, Horta, BL, Houti, L, Howitt, C, Htay, TT, Htet, AS, Htike, MMT, Hu, Y, Huerta, JM, Huhtaniemi, IT, Huiart, L, Huisman, M, Husseini, AS, Huybrechts, I, Hwalla, N, Iacoviello, L, Iannone, AG, Ibrahim, MM, Ibrahim Wong, N, Ikram, MA, Iotova, V, Irazola, VE, Ishida, T, Isiguzo, GC, Islam, M, Islam, SMS, Iwasaki, M, Jackson, RT, Jacobs, JM, Jaddou, HY, Jafar, T, James, K, Jamrozik, K, Janszky, I, Janus, E, Jarvelin, M-R, Jasienska, G, Jelaković, A, Jelaković, B, Jennings, G, Jha, AK, Jiang, CQ, Jimenez, RO, Jöckel, K-H, Joffres, M, Johansson, M, Jokelainen, JJ, Jonas, JB, Jørgensen, T, Joshi, P, Joukar, F, Jóżwiak, J, Juolevi, A, Jurak, G, Jureša, V, Kaaks, R, Kafatos, A, Kajantie, EO, Kalmatayeva, Z, Kalpourtzi, N, Kalter-Leibovici, O, Kampmann, FB, Kannan, S, Karaglani, E, Kårhus, LL, Karki, KB, Katibeh, M, Katz, J, Kauhanen, J, Kaur, P, Kavousi, M, Kazakbaeva, GM, Keil, U, Keinan Boker, L, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, S, Kelishadi, R, Kemper, HCG, Keramati, M, Kerimkulova, A, Kersting, M, Key, T, Khader, YS, Khalili, D, Khaw, K-T, Kheiri, B, Kheradmand, M, Khosravi, A, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, U, Kiechl, S, Killewo, J, Kim, DW, Kim, J, Klakk, H, Klimek, M, Klumbiene, J, Knoflach, M, Kolle, E, Kolsteren, P, Kontto, JP, Korpelainen, R, Korrovits, P, Kos, J, Koskinen, S, Kouda, K, Kowlessur, S, Koziel, S, Kratenova, J, Kriaucioniene, V, Kristensen, PL, Krokstad, S, Kromhout, D, Kruger, HS, Kubinova, R, Kuciene, R, Kujala, UM, Kulaga, Z, Kumar, RK, Kurjata, P, Kusuma, YS, Kutsenko, V, Kuulasmaa, K, Kyobutungi, C, Laatikainen, T, Lachat, C, Laid, Y, Lam, TH, Landrove, O, Lanska, V, Lappas, G, Larijani, B, Latt, TS, Le Coroller, G, Le Nguyen Bao, K, Le, TD, Lee, J, Lehmann, N, Lehtimäki, T, Lemogoum, D, Levitt, NS, Li, Y, Lilly, CL, Lim, W-Y, Lima-Costa, MF, Lin, X, Lin, Y-T, Lind, L, Lingam, V, Linneberg, A, Lissner, L, Litwin, M, Lo, W-C, Loit, H-M, Lopez-Garcia, E, Lopez, T, Lotufo, PA, Lozano, JE, Lukačević Lovrenčić, I, Lukrafka, JL, Luksiene, D, Lundqvist, A, Lundqvist, R, Lunet, N, Lustigová, M, Luszczki, E, Ma, G, Ma, J, Machado-Coelho, GLL, Machado-Rodrigues, AM, Macia, E, Macieira, LM, Madar, AA, Maggi, S, Magliano, DJ, Magriplis, E, Mahasampath, G, Maire, B, Majer, M, Makdisse, M, Malekzadeh, F, Malekzadeh, R, Malhotra, R, Mallikharjuna Rao, K, Malyutina, SK, Maniego, LV, Manios, Y, Mann, JI, Mansour-Ghanaei, F, Manzato, E, Marcil, A, Mårild, SB, Marinović Glavić, M, Marques-Vidal, P, Marques, LP, Marrugat, J, Martorell, R, Mascarenhas, LP, Matasin, M, Mathiesen, EB, Mathur, P, Matijasevich, A, Matlosz, P, Matsha, TE, Mavrogianni, C, Mbanya, JCN, Mc Donald Posso, AJ, McFarlane, SR, McGarvey, ST, McLachlan, S, McLean, RM, McLean, SB, McNulty, BA, Mediene Benchekor, S, Medzioniene, J, Mehdipour, P, Mehlig, K, Mehrparvar, AH, Meirhaeghe, A, Meisinger, C, Mendoza Montano, C, Menezes, AMB, Menon, GR, Mereke, A, Meshram, II, Metspalu, A, Meyer, HE, Mi, J, Michels, N, Mikkel, K, Milkowska, K, Miller, JC, Minderico, CS, Mini, GK, Mirjalili, MR, Mirrakhimov, E, Mišigoj-Duraković, M, Modesti, PA, Moghaddam, SS, Mohajer, B, Mohamed, MK, Mohamed, SF, Mohammad, K, Mohammadi, MR, Mohammadi, Z, Mohammadifard, N, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Mohan, V, Mohanna, S, Mohd Yusoff, MF, Mohebbi, I, Mohebi, F, Moitry, M, Møllehave, LT, Molnár, D, Momenan, A, Mondo, CK, Monterrubio-Flores, E, Monyeki, KDK, Moon, JS, Moosazadeh, M, Moreira, LB, Morejon, A, Moreno, LA, Morgan, K, Moschonis, G, Mossakowska, M, Mostafa, A, Mostafavi, S-A, Mota, J, Motlagh, ME, Motta, J, Moura-dos-Santos, MA, Mridha, MK, Msyamboza, KP, Mu, TT, Muhihi, AJ, Muiesan, ML, Müller-Nurasyid, M, Murphy, N, Mursu, J, Musa, KI, Musić Milanović, S, Musil, V, Mustafa, N, Nabipour, I, Naderimagham, S, Nagel, G, Naidu, BM, Najafi, F, Nakamura, H, Námešná, J, Nang, EEK, Nangia, VB, Narake, S, Ndiaye, NC, Neal, WA, Nejatizadeh, A, Nenko, I, Neovius, M, Nguyen, CT, Nguyen, ND, Nguyen, QV, Nguyen, QN, Nieto-Martínez, RE, Niiranen, TJ, Nikitin, YP, Ninomiya, T, Nishtar, S, Njelekela, MA, Noale, M, Noboa, OA, Noorbala, AA, Norat, T, Nordendahl, M, Nordestgaard, BG, Noto, D, Nowak-Szczepanska, N, Nsour, MA, Nunes, B, O'Neill, TW, O'Reilly, D, Ochimana, C, Oda, E, Odili, AN, Oh, K, Ohara, K, Ohtsuka, R, Olié, V, Olinto, MTA, Oliveira, IO, Omar, MA, Onat, A, Ong, SK, Ono, LM, Ordunez, P, Ornelas, R, Ortiz, PJ, Osmond, C, Ostojic, SM, Ostovar, A, Otero, JA, Overvad, K, Owusu-Dabo, E, Paccaud, FM, Padez, C, Pahomova, E, Paiva, KMD, Pająk, A, Palli, D, Palmieri, L, Pan, W-H, Panda-Jonas, S, Panza, F, Paoli, M, Papandreou, D, Park, S-W, Park, S, Parnell, WR, Parsaeian, M, Pasquet, P, Patel, ND, Pavlyshyn, H, Pećin, I, Pednekar, MS, Pedro, JM, Peer, N, Peixoto, SV, Peltonen, M, Pereira, AC, Peres, KGDA, Peres, MA, Peters, A, Petkeviciene, J, Peykari, N, Pham, ST, Pichardo, RN, Pigeot, I, Pikhart, H, Pilav, A, Pilotto, L, Pitakaka, F, Piwonska, A, Pizarro, AN, Plans-Rubió, P, Polašek, O, Porta, M, Poudyal, A, Pourfarzi, F, Pourshams, A, Poustchi, H, Pradeepa, R, Price, AJ, Price, JF, Providencia, R, Puhakka, SE, Puiu, M, Punab, M, Qasrawi, RF, Qorbani, M, Queiroz, D, Quoc Bao, T, Radić, I, Radisauskas, R, Rahimikazerooni, S, Rahman, M, Raitakari, O, Raj, M, Rakhimova, EM, Ra, Zhou, B, Carrillo-Larco, RM, Danaei, G, Riley, LM, Paciorek, CJ, Stevens, GA, Gregg, EW, Bennett, JE, Solomon, B, Singleton, RK, Sophiea, MK, Iurilli, MLC, Lhoste, VPF, Cowan, MJ, Savin, S, Woodward, M, Balanova, Y, Cifkova, R, Damasceno, A, Elliott, P, Farzadfar, F, He, J, Ikeda, N, Kengne, AP, Khang, Y-H, Kim, HC, Laxmaiah, A, Lin, H-H, Margozzini Maira, P, Miranda, JJ, Neuhauser, H, Sundström, J, Varghese, C, Widyahening, IS, Zdrojewski, T, Abarca-Gómez, L, Abdeen, ZA, Abdul Rahim, HF, Abu-Rmeileh, NM, Acosta-Cazares, B, Adams, RJ, Aekplakorn, W, Afsana, K, Afzal, S, Agdeppa, IA, Aghazadeh-Attari, J, Aguilar-Salinas, CA, Agyemang, C, Ahmad, NA, Ahmadi, A, Ahmadi, N, Ahmadizar, F, Ahmed, SH, Ahrens, W, Ajlouni, K, Al-Raddadi, R, Alarouj, M, AlBuhairan, F, AlDhukair, S, Ali, MM, Alkandari, A, Alkerwi, A, Allin, K, Aly, E, Amarapurkar, DN, Amougou, N, Amouyel, P, Andersen, LB, Anderssen, SA, Anjana, RM, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Ansong, D, Aounallah-Skhiri, H, Araújo, J, Ariansen, I, Aris, T, Arku, RE, Arlappa, N, Aryal, KK, Aspelund, T, Assah, FK, Assunção, MCF, Auvinen, J, Avdićová, M, Azevedo, A, Azimi-Nezhad, M, Azizi, F, Azmin, M, Babu, BV, Bahijri, S, Balakrishna, N, Bamoshmoosh, M, Banach, M, Banadinović, M, Bandosz, P, Banegas, JR, Baran, J, Barbagallo, CM, Barceló, A, Barkat, A, Barreto, M, Barros, AJD, Barros, MVG, Bartosiewicz, A, Basit, A, Bastos, JLD, Bata, I, Batieha, AM, Batyrbek, A, Baur, LA, Beaglehole, R, Belavendra, A, Ben Romdhane, H, Benet, M, Benson, LS, Berkinbayev, S, Bernabe-Ortiz, A, Bernotiene, G, Bettiol, H, Bezerra, J, Bhagyalaxmi, A, Bhargava, SK, Bia, D, Biasch, K, Bika Lele, EC, Bikbov, MM, Bista, B, Bjerregaard, P, Bjertness, E, Bjertness, MB, Björkelund, C, Bloch, KV, Blokstra, A, Bo, S, Bobak, M, Boeing, H, Boggia, JG, Boissonnet, CP, Bojesen, SE, Bongard, V, Bonilla-Vargas, A, Bopp, M, Borghs, H, Bovet, P, Boyer, CB, Braeckman, L, Brajkovich, I, Branca, F, Breckenkamp, J, Brenner, H, Brewster, LM, Briceño, Y, Brito, M, Bruno, G, Bueno-de-Mesquita, HB, Bueno, G, Bugge, A, Burns, C, Bursztyn, M, Cabrera de León, A, Cacciottolo, J, Cameron, C, Can, G, Cândido, APC, Capanzana, MV, Čapková, N, Capuano, E, Capuano, V, Cardoso, VC, Carlsson, AC, Carvalho, J, Casanueva, FF, Censi, L, Cervantes-Loaiza, M, Chadjigeorgiou, CA, Chamukuttan, S, Chan, AW, Chan, Q, Chaturvedi, HK, Chaturvedi, N, Chee, ML, Chen, C-J, Chen, F, Chen, H, Chen, S, Chen, Z, Cheng, C-Y, Cheraghian, B, Cherkaoui Dekkaki, I, Chetrit, A, Chien, K-L, Chiolero, A, Chiou, S-T, Chirita-Emandi, A, Chirlaque, M-D, Cho, B, Christensen, K, Christofaro, DG, Chudek, J, Cinteza, E, Claessens, F, Clarke, J, Clays, E, Cohen, E, Concin, H, Cooper, C, Coppinger, TC, Costanzo, S, Cottel, D, Cowell, C, Craig, CL, Crampin, AC, Crujeiras, AB, Cruz, JJ, Csilla, S, Cui, L, Cureau, FV, Cuschieri, S, D'Arrigo, G, d'Orsi, E, Dallongeville, J, Dankner, R, Dantoft, TM, Dauchet, L, Davletov, K, De Backer, G, De Bacquer, D, De Curtis, A, de Gaetano, G, De Henauw, S, de Oliveira, PD, De Ridder, D, De Smedt, D, Deepa, M, Deev, AD, DeGennaro, VJ, Delisle, H, Demarest, S, Dennison, E, Deschamps, V, Dhimal, M, Di Castelnuovo, AF, Dias-da-Costa, JS, Diaz, A, Dickerson, TT, Dika, Z, Djalalinia, S, Do, HTP, Dobson, AJ, Donfrancesco, C, Donoso, SP, Döring, A, Dorobantu, M, Dörr, M, Doua, K, Dragano, N, Drygas, W, Duante, CA, Duboz, P, Duda, RB, Dulskiene, V, Dushpanova, A, Džakula, A, Dzerve, V, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, E, Eddie, R, Eftekhar, E, Eggertsen, R, Eghtesad, S, Eiben, G, Ekelund, U, El-Khateeb, M, El Ati, J, Eldemire-Shearer, D, Eliasen, M, Elosua, R, Erasmus, RT, Erbel, R, Erem, C, Eriksen, L, Eriksson, JG, Escobedo-de la Peña, J, Eslami, S, Esmaeili, A, Evans, A, Faeh, D, Fakhretdinova, AA, Fall, CH, Faramarzi, E, Farjam, M, Fattahi, MR, Fawwad, A, Felix-Redondo, FJ, Felix, SB, Ferguson, TS, Fernandes, RA, Fernández-Bergés, D, Ferrante, D, Ferrao, T, Ferrari, M, Ferrario, MM, Ferreccio, C, Ferreira, HS, Ferrer, E, Ferrieres, J, Figueiró, TH, Fink, G, Fischer, K, Foo, LH, Forsner, M, Fouad, HM, Francis, DK, Franco, MDC, Frikke-Schmidt, R, Frontera, G, Fuchs, FD, Fuchs, SC, Fujita, Y, Fumihiko, M, Furdela, V, Furer, A, Furusawa, T, Gaciong, Z, Galbarczyk, A, Galenkamp, H, Galvano, F, Gao, J, Gao, P, Garcia-de-la-Hera, M, Garcia, P, Gareta, D, Garnett, SP, Gaspoz, J-M, Gasull, M, Gazzinelli, A, Gehring, U, Geleijnse, JM, George, R, Ghanbari, A, Ghasemi, E, Gheorghe-Fronea, O-F, Ghimire, A, Gialluisi, A, Giampaoli, S, Gieger, C, Gill, TK, Giovannelli, J, Gironella, G, Giwercman, A, Gkiouras, K, Goldberg, M, Goldsmith, RA, Gomez, LF, Gomula, A, Gonçalves, H, Gonçalves, M, Gonçalves Cordeiro da Silva, B, Gonzalez-Chica, DA, Gonzalez-Gross, M, González-Rivas, JP, González-Villalpando, C, González-Villalpando, M-E, Gonzalez, AR, Gorbea, MB, Gottrand, F, Graff-Iversen, S, Grafnetter, D, Grajda, A, Grammatikopoulou, MG, Gregor, RD, Grodzicki, T, Grosso, G, Gruden, G, Gu, D, Guan, OP, Gudmundsson, EF, Gudnason, V, Guerrero, R, Guessous, I, Guimaraes, AL, Gulliford, MC, Gunnlaugsdottir, J, Gunter, MJ, Gupta, PC, Gupta, R, Gureje, O, Gurzkowska, B, Gutierrez, L, Gutzwiller, F, Ha, S, Hadaegh, F, Haghshenas, R, Hakimi, H, Halkjær, J, Hambleton, IR, Hamzeh, B, Hange, D, Hanif, AAM, Hantunen, S, Hao, J, Hardman, CM, Hari Kumar, R, Hashemi-Shahri, SM, Hata, J, Haugsgjerd, T, Hayes, AJ, He, Y, Heier, M, Hendriks, ME, Henrique, RDS, Henriques, A, Hernandez Cadena, L, Herqutanto, Herrala, S, Heshmat, R, Hill, AG, Ho, SY, Ho, SC, Hobbs, M, Holdsworth, M, Homayounfar, R, Horasan Dinc, G, Horimoto, ARVR, Hormiga, CM, Horta, BL, Houti, L, Howitt, C, Htay, TT, Htet, AS, Htike, MMT, Hu, Y, Huerta, JM, Huhtaniemi, IT, Huiart, L, Huisman, M, Husseini, AS, Huybrechts, I, Hwalla, N, Iacoviello, L, Iannone, AG, Ibrahim, MM, Ibrahim Wong, N, Ikram, MA, Iotova, V, Irazola, VE, Ishida, T, Isiguzo, GC, Islam, M, Islam, SMS, Iwasaki, M, Jackson, RT, Jacobs, JM, Jaddou, HY, Jafar, T, James, K, Jamrozik, K, Janszky, I, Janus, E, Jarvelin, M-R, Jasienska, G, Jelaković, A, Jelaković, B, Jennings, G, Jha, AK, Jiang, CQ, Jimenez, RO, Jöckel, K-H, Joffres, M, Johansson, M, Jokelainen, JJ, Jonas, JB, Jørgensen, T, Joshi, P, Joukar, F, Jóżwiak, J, Juolevi, A, Jurak, G, Jureša, V, Kaaks, R, Kafatos, A, Kajantie, EO, Kalmatayeva, Z, Kalpourtzi, N, Kalter-Leibovici, O, Kampmann, FB, Kannan, S, Karaglani, E, Kårhus, LL, Karki, KB, Katibeh, M, Katz, J, Kauhanen, J, Kaur, P, Kavousi, M, Kazakbaeva, GM, Keil, U, Keinan Boker, L, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, S, Kelishadi, R, Kemper, HCG, Keramati, M, Kerimkulova, A, Kersting, M, Key, T, Khader, YS, Khalili, D, Khaw, K-T, Kheiri, B, Kheradmand, M, Khosravi, A, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, U, Kiechl, S, Killewo, J, Kim, DW, Kim, J, Klakk, H, Klimek, M, Klumbiene, J, Knoflach, M, Kolle, E, Kolsteren, P, Kontto, JP, Korpelainen, R, Korrovits, P, Kos, J, Koskinen, S, Kouda, K, Kowlessur, S, Koziel, S, Kratenova, J, Kriaucioniene, V, Kristensen, PL, Krokstad, S, Kromhout, D, Kruger, HS, Kubinova, R, Kuciene, R, Kujala, UM, Kulaga, Z, Kumar, RK, Kurjata, P, Kusuma, YS, Kutsenko, V, Kuulasmaa, K, Kyobutungi, C, Laatikainen, T, Lachat, C, Laid, Y, Lam, TH, Landrove, O, Lanska, V, Lappas, G, Larijani, B, Latt, TS, Le Coroller, G, Le Nguyen Bao, K, Le, TD, Lee, J, Lehmann, N, Lehtimäki, T, Lemogoum, D, Levitt, NS, Li, Y, Lilly, CL, Lim, W-Y, Lima-Costa, MF, Lin, X, Lin, Y-T, Lind, L, Lingam, V, Linneberg, A, Lissner, L, Litwin, M, Lo, W-C, Loit, H-M, Lopez-Garcia, E, Lopez, T, Lotufo, PA, Lozano, JE, Lukačević Lovrenčić, I, Lukrafka, JL, Luksiene, D, Lundqvist, A, Lundqvist, R, Lunet, N, Lustigová, M, Luszczki, E, Ma, G, Ma, J, Machado-Coelho, GLL, Machado-Rodrigues, AM, Macia, E, Macieira, LM, Madar, AA, Maggi, S, Magliano, DJ, Magriplis, E, Mahasampath, G, Maire, B, Majer, M, Makdisse, M, Malekzadeh, F, Malekzadeh, R, Malhotra, R, Mallikharjuna Rao, K, Malyutina, SK, Maniego, LV, Manios, Y, Mann, JI, Mansour-Ghanaei, F, Manzato, E, Marcil, A, Mårild, SB, Marinović Glavić, M, Marques-Vidal, P, Marques, LP, Marrugat, J, Martorell, R, Mascarenhas, LP, Matasin, M, Mathiesen, EB, Mathur, P, Matijasevich, A, Matlosz, P, Matsha, TE, Mavrogianni, C, Mbanya, JCN, Mc Donald Posso, AJ, McFarlane, SR, McGarvey, ST, McLachlan, S, McLean, RM, McLean, SB, McNulty, BA, Mediene Benchekor, S, Medzioniene, J, Mehdipour, P, Mehlig, K, Mehrparvar, AH, Meirhaeghe, A, Meisinger, C, Mendoza Montano, C, Menezes, AMB, Menon, GR, Mereke, A, Meshram, II, Metspalu, A, Meyer, HE, Mi, J, Michels, N, Mikkel, K, Milkowska, K, Miller, JC, Minderico, CS, Mini, GK, Mirjalili, MR, Mirrakhimov, E, Mišigoj-Duraković, M, Modesti, PA, Moghaddam, SS, Mohajer, B, Mohamed, MK, Mohamed, SF, Mohammad, K, Mohammadi, MR, Mohammadi, Z, Mohammadifard, N, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Mohan, V, Mohanna, S, Mohd Yusoff, MF, Mohebbi, I, Mohebi, F, Moitry, M, Møllehave, LT, Molnár, D, Momenan, A, Mondo, CK, Monterrubio-Flores, E, Monyeki, KDK, Moon, JS, Moosazadeh, M, Moreira, LB, Morejon, A, Moreno, LA, Morgan, K, Moschonis, G, Mossakowska, M, Mostafa, A, Mostafavi, S-A, Mota, J, Motlagh, ME, Motta, J, Moura-dos-Santos, MA, Mridha, MK, Msyamboza, KP, Mu, TT, Muhihi, AJ, Muiesan, ML, Müller-Nurasyid, M, Murphy, N, Mursu, J, Musa, KI, Musić Milanović, S, Musil, V, Mustafa, N, Nabipour, I, Naderimagham, S, Nagel, G, Naidu, BM, Najafi, F, Nakamura, H, Námešná, J, Nang, EEK, Nangia, VB, Narake, S, Ndiaye, NC, Neal, WA, Nejatizadeh, A, Nenko, I, Neovius, M, Nguyen, CT, Nguyen, ND, Nguyen, QV, Nguyen, QN, Nieto-Martínez, RE, Niiranen, TJ, Nikitin, YP, Ninomiya, T, Nishtar, S, Njelekela, MA, Noale, M, Noboa, OA, Noorbala, AA, Norat, T, Nordendahl, M, Nordestgaard, BG, Noto, D, Nowak-Szczepanska, N, Nsour, MA, Nunes, B, O'Neill, TW, O'Reilly, D, Ochimana, C, Oda, E, Odili, AN, Oh, K, Ohara, K, Ohtsuka, R, Olié, V, Olinto, MTA, Oliveira, IO, Omar, MA, Onat, A, Ong, SK, Ono, LM, Ordunez, P, Ornelas, R, Ortiz, PJ, Osmond, C, Ostojic, SM, Ostovar, A, Otero, JA, Overvad, K, Owusu-Dabo, E, Paccaud, FM, Padez, C, Pahomova, E, Paiva, KMD, Pająk, A, Palli, D, Palmieri, L, Pan, W-H, Panda-Jonas, S, Panza, F, Paoli, M, Papandreou, D, Park, S-W, Park, S, Parnell, WR, Parsaeian, M, Pasquet, P, Patel, ND, Pavlyshyn, H, Pećin, I, Pednekar, MS, Pedro, JM, Peer, N, Peixoto, SV, Peltonen, M, Pereira, AC, Peres, KGDA, Peres, MA, Peters, A, Petkeviciene, J, Peykari, N, Pham, ST, Pichardo, RN, Pigeot, I, Pikhart, H, Pilav, A, Pilotto, L, Pitakaka, F, Piwonska, A, Pizarro, AN, Plans-Rubió, P, Polašek, O, Porta, M, Poudyal, A, Pourfarzi, F, Pourshams, A, Poustchi, H, Pradeepa, R, Price, AJ, Price, JF, Providencia, R, Puhakka, SE, Puiu, M, Punab, M, Qasrawi, RF, Qorbani, M, Queiroz, D, Quoc Bao, T, Radić, I, Radisauskas, R, Rahimikazerooni, S, Rahman, M, Raitakari, O, Raj, M, Rakhimova, EM, and Ra
Published: 2021

2. Worldwide trends in diabetes since 1980: A pooled analysis of 751 population-based studies with 4.4 million participants

Author: Zhou, B, Lu, Y, Hajifathalian, K, Bentham, J, Di Cesare, M, Danaei, G, Bixby, H, Cowan, MJ, Ali, MK, Taddei, C, Lo, W-C, Reis-Santos, B, Stevens, GA, Riley, LM, Miranda, JJ, Bjerregaard, P, Rivera, JA, Fouad, HM, Ma, G, Mbanya, JCN, McGarvey, ST, Mohan, V, Onat, A, Pilav, A, Ramachandran, A, Ben Romdhane, H, Paciorek, CJ, Bennett, JE, Ezzati, M, Abdeen, ZA, Kadir, KA, Abu-Rmeileh, NM, Acosta-Cazares, B, Adams, R, Aekplakorn, W, Aguilar-Salinas, CA, Agyemang, C, Ahmadvand, A, Al-Othman, AR, Alkerwi, A, Amouyel, P, Amuzu, A, Bo Andersen, L, Anderssen, SA, Anjana, RM, Aounallah-Skhiri, H, Aris, T, Arlappa, N, Arveiler, D, Assah, FK, Avdicová, M, Azizi, F, Balakrishna, N, Bandosz, P, Barbagallo, CM, Barceló, A, Batieha, AM, Baur, LA, Benet, M, Bernabe-Ortiz, A, Bharadwaj, S, Bhargava, SK, Bi, Y, Bjertness, E, Bjertness, MB, Björkelund, C, Blokstra, A, Bo, S, Boehm, BO, Boissonnet, CP, Bovet, P, Brajkovich, I, Breckenkamp, J, Brenner, H, Brewster, LM, Brian, GR, Bruno, G, Bugge, A, De León, AC, Can, G, C ndido, APC, Capuano, V, Carlsson, AC, Carvalho, MJ, Casanueva, FF, Casas, J-P, Caserta, CA, Castetbon, K, Chamukuttan, S, Chaturvedi, N, Chen, C-J, Chen, F, Chen, S, Cheng, C-Y, Chetrit, A, Chiou, S-T, Cho, Y, Chudek, J, Cifkova, R, Claessens, F, Concin, H, Cooper, C, Cooper, R, Costanzo, S, Cottel, D, Cowell, C, Crujeiras, AB, D Arrigo, G, Dallongeville, J, Dankner, R, Dauchet, L, De Gaetano, G, De Henauw, S, Deepa, M, Dehghan, A, Deschamps, V, Dhana, K, Di Castelnuovo, AF, Djalalinia, S, Doua, K, Drygas, W, Du, Y, Dzerve, V, Egbagbe, EE, Eggertsen, R, El Ati, J, Elosua, R, Erasmus, RT, Erem, C, Ergor, G, Eriksen, L, Escobedo-De La Pe na, J, Fall, CH, Farzadfar, F, Felix-Redondo, FJ, Ferguson, TS, Fernández-Bergés, D, Ferrari, M, Ferreccio, C, Feskens, EJM, Finn, JD, Föger, B, Foo, LH, Forslund, A-S, Francis, DK, Do Carmo Franco, M, Franco, OH, Frontera, G, Furusawa, T, Gaciong, Z, Garnett, SP, Gaspoz, J-M, Gasull, M, Gates, L, Geleijnse, JM, Ghasemian, A, Ghimire, A, Giampaoli, S, Gianfagna, F, Giovannelli, J, Giwercman, A, Gross, MG, Rivas, JPG, Gorbea, MB, Gottrand, F, Grafnetter, D, Grodzicki, T, Grøntved, A, Gruden, G, Gu, D, Guan, OP, Guerrero, R, Guessous, I, Guimaraes, AL, Gutierrez, L, Hambleton, IR, Hardy, R, Kumar, RH, Hata, J, He, J, Heidemann, C, Herrala, S, Hihtaniemi, IT, Ho, SY, Ho, SC, Hofman, A, Hormiga, CM, Horta, BL, Houti, L, Howitt, C, Htay, TT, Htet, AS, Htike, MMT, Hu, Y, Hussieni, AS, Huybrechts, I, Hwalla, N, Iacoviello, L, Iannone, AG, Ibrahim, MM, Ikeda, N, Ikram, MA, Irazola, VE, Islam, M, Iwasaki, M, Jacobs, JM, Jafar, T, Jamil, KM, Jasienska, G, Jiang, CQ, Jonas, JB, Joshi, P, Kafatos, A, Kalter-Leibovici, O, Kasaeian, A, Katz, J, Kaur, P, Kavousi, M, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, S, Kelishadi, R, Kengne, AP, Kersting, M, Khader, YS, Khalili, D, Khang, Y-H, Kiechl, S, Kim, J, Kolsteren, P, Korrovits, P, Kratzer, W, Kromhout, D, Kujala, UM, Kula, K, Kyobutungi, C, Laatikainen, T, Lachat, C, Laid, Y, Lam, TH, Landrove, O, Lanska, V, Lappas, G, Laxmaiah, A, Leclercq, C, Lee, J, Lehtimäki, T, Lekhraj, R, León-Mu noz, LM, Li, Y, Lim, W-Y, Lima-Costa, MF, Lin, H-H, Lin, X, Lissner, L, Lorbeer, R, Lozano, JE, Luksiene, D, Lundqvist, A, Lytsy, P, Machado-Coelho, GLL, Machi, S, Maggi, S, Magliano, DJ, Makdisse, M, Rao, KM, Manios, Y, Manzato, E, Margozzini, P, Marques-Vidal, P, Martorell, R, Masoodi, SR, Mathiesen, EB, Matsha, TE, McFarlane, SR, McLachlan, S, McNulty, BA, Mediene-Benchekor, S, Meirhaeghe, A, Menezes, AMB, Merat, S, Meshram, II, Mi, J, Miquel, JF, Mohamed, MK, Mohammad, K, Mohammadifard, N, Mohd Yusoff, MF, M ller, NC, Molnár, D, Mondo, CK, Morejon, A, Moreno, LA, Morgan, K, Moschonis, G, Mossakowska, M, Mostafa, A, Mota, J, Motta, J, Mu, TT, Muiesan, ML, Müller-Nurasyid, M, Mursu, J, Nagel, G, Náme ná, J, Nang, EEK, Nangia, VB, Navarrete-Mu noz, EM, Ndiaye, NC, Nenko, I, Nervi, F, Nguyen, ND, Nguyen, QN, Nieto-Martínez, RE, Ning, G, Ninomiya, T, Noale, M, Noto, D, Al Nsour, M, Ochoa-Avilés, AM, Oh, K, Ordunez, P, Osmond, C, Otero, JA, Owusu-Dabo, E, Pahomova, E, Palmieri, L, Panda-Jonas, S, Panza, F, Parsaeian, M, Peixoto, SV, Peltonen, M, Peters, A, Peykari, N, Pham, ST, Pitakaka, F, Piwonska, A, Piwonski, J, Plans-Rubió, P, Porta, M, Portegies, MLP, Poustchi, H, Pradeepa, R, Price, JF, Punab, M, Qasrawi, RF, Qorbani, M, Radisauskas, R, Rahman, M, Raitakari, O, Rao, SR, Ramke, J, Ramos, R, Rampal, S, Rathmann, W, Redon, J, Reganit, PFM, Rigo, F, Robinson, SM, Robitaille, C, Rodríguez-Artalejo, F, Del CristoRodriguez-Perez, M, Rodríguez-Villamizar, LA, Rojas-Martinez, R, Ronkainen, K, Rosengren, A, Rubinstein, A, Rui, O, Ruiz-Betancourt, BS, Zhou, B, Lu, Y, Hajifathalian, K, Bentham, J, Di Cesare, M, Danaei, G, Bixby, H, Cowan, MJ, Ali, MK, Taddei, C, Lo, W-C, Reis-Santos, B, Stevens, GA, Riley, LM, Miranda, JJ, Bjerregaard, P, Rivera, JA, Fouad, HM, Ma, G, Mbanya, JCN, McGarvey, ST, Mohan, V, Onat, A, Pilav, A, Ramachandran, A, Ben Romdhane, H, Paciorek, CJ, Bennett, JE, Ezzati, M, Abdeen, ZA, Kadir, KA, Abu-Rmeileh, NM, Acosta-Cazares, B, Adams, R, Aekplakorn, W, Aguilar-Salinas, CA, Agyemang, C, Ahmadvand, A, Al-Othman, AR, Alkerwi, A, Amouyel, P, Amuzu, A, Bo Andersen, L, Anderssen, SA, Anjana, RM, Aounallah-Skhiri, H, Aris, T, Arlappa, N, Arveiler, D, Assah, FK, Avdicová, M, Azizi, F, Balakrishna, N, Bandosz, P, Barbagallo, CM, Barceló, A, Batieha, AM, Baur, LA, Benet, M, Bernabe-Ortiz, A, Bharadwaj, S, Bhargava, SK, Bi, Y, Bjertness, E, Bjertness, MB, Björkelund, C, Blokstra, A, Bo, S, Boehm, BO, Boissonnet, CP, Bovet, P, Brajkovich, I, Breckenkamp, J, Brenner, H, Brewster, LM, Brian, GR, Bruno, G, Bugge, A, De León, AC, Can, G, C ndido, APC, Capuano, V, Carlsson, AC, Carvalho, MJ, Casanueva, FF, Casas, J-P, Caserta, CA, Castetbon, K, Chamukuttan, S, Chaturvedi, N, Chen, C-J, Chen, F, Chen, S, Cheng, C-Y, Chetrit, A, Chiou, S-T, Cho, Y, Chudek, J, Cifkova, R, Claessens, F, Concin, H, Cooper, C, Cooper, R, Costanzo, S, Cottel, D, Cowell, C, Crujeiras, AB, D Arrigo, G, Dallongeville, J, Dankner, R, Dauchet, L, De Gaetano, G, De Henauw, S, Deepa, M, Dehghan, A, Deschamps, V, Dhana, K, Di Castelnuovo, AF, Djalalinia, S, Doua, K, Drygas, W, Du, Y, Dzerve, V, Egbagbe, EE, Eggertsen, R, El Ati, J, Elosua, R, Erasmus, RT, Erem, C, Ergor, G, Eriksen, L, Escobedo-De La Pe na, J, Fall, CH, Farzadfar, F, Felix-Redondo, FJ, Ferguson, TS, Fernández-Bergés, D, Ferrari, M, Ferreccio, C, Feskens, EJM, Finn, JD, Föger, B, Foo, LH, Forslund, A-S, Francis, DK, Do Carmo Franco, M, Franco, OH, Frontera, G, Furusawa, T, Gaciong, Z, Garnett, SP, Gaspoz, J-M, Gasull, M, Gates, L, Geleijnse, JM, Ghasemian, A, Ghimire, A, Giampaoli, S, Gianfagna, F, Giovannelli, J, Giwercman, A, Gross, MG, Rivas, JPG, Gorbea, MB, Gottrand, F, Grafnetter, D, Grodzicki, T, Grøntved, A, Gruden, G, Gu, D, Guan, OP, Guerrero, R, Guessous, I, Guimaraes, AL, Gutierrez, L, Hambleton, IR, Hardy, R, Kumar, RH, Hata, J, He, J, Heidemann, C, Herrala, S, Hihtaniemi, IT, Ho, SY, Ho, SC, Hofman, A, Hormiga, CM, Horta, BL, Houti, L, Howitt, C, Htay, TT, Htet, AS, Htike, MMT, Hu, Y, Hussieni, AS, Huybrechts, I, Hwalla, N, Iacoviello, L, Iannone, AG, Ibrahim, MM, Ikeda, N, Ikram, MA, Irazola, VE, Islam, M, Iwasaki, M, Jacobs, JM, Jafar, T, Jamil, KM, Jasienska, G, Jiang, CQ, Jonas, JB, Joshi, P, Kafatos, A, Kalter-Leibovici, O, Kasaeian, A, Katz, J, Kaur, P, Kavousi, M, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, S, Kelishadi, R, Kengne, AP, Kersting, M, Khader, YS, Khalili, D, Khang, Y-H, Kiechl, S, Kim, J, Kolsteren, P, Korrovits, P, Kratzer, W, Kromhout, D, Kujala, UM, Kula, K, Kyobutungi, C, Laatikainen, T, Lachat, C, Laid, Y, Lam, TH, Landrove, O, Lanska, V, Lappas, G, Laxmaiah, A, Leclercq, C, Lee, J, Lehtimäki, T, Lekhraj, R, León-Mu noz, LM, Li, Y, Lim, W-Y, Lima-Costa, MF, Lin, H-H, Lin, X, Lissner, L, Lorbeer, R, Lozano, JE, Luksiene, D, Lundqvist, A, Lytsy, P, Machado-Coelho, GLL, Machi, S, Maggi, S, Magliano, DJ, Makdisse, M, Rao, KM, Manios, Y, Manzato, E, Margozzini, P, Marques-Vidal, P, Martorell, R, Masoodi, SR, Mathiesen, EB, Matsha, TE, McFarlane, SR, McLachlan, S, McNulty, BA, Mediene-Benchekor, S, Meirhaeghe, A, Menezes, AMB, Merat, S, Meshram, II, Mi, J, Miquel, JF, Mohamed, MK, Mohammad, K, Mohammadifard, N, Mohd Yusoff, MF, M ller, NC, Molnár, D, Mondo, CK, Morejon, A, Moreno, LA, Morgan, K, Moschonis, G, Mossakowska, M, Mostafa, A, Mota, J, Motta, J, Mu, TT, Muiesan, ML, Müller-Nurasyid, M, Mursu, J, Nagel, G, Náme ná, J, Nang, EEK, Nangia, VB, Navarrete-Mu noz, EM, Ndiaye, NC, Nenko, I, Nervi, F, Nguyen, ND, Nguyen, QN, Nieto-Martínez, RE, Ning, G, Ninomiya, T, Noale, M, Noto, D, Al Nsour, M, Ochoa-Avilés, AM, Oh, K, Ordunez, P, Osmond, C, Otero, JA, Owusu-Dabo, E, Pahomova, E, Palmieri, L, Panda-Jonas, S, Panza, F, Parsaeian, M, Peixoto, SV, Peltonen, M, Peters, A, Peykari, N, Pham, ST, Pitakaka, F, Piwonska, A, Piwonski, J, Plans-Rubió, P, Porta, M, Portegies, MLP, Poustchi, H, Pradeepa, R, Price, JF, Punab, M, Qasrawi, RF, Qorbani, M, Radisauskas, R, Rahman, M, Raitakari, O, Rao, SR, Ramke, J, Ramos, R, Rampal, S, Rathmann, W, Redon, J, Reganit, PFM, Rigo, F, Robinson, SM, Robitaille, C, Rodríguez-Artalejo, F, Del CristoRodriguez-Perez, M, Rodríguez-Villamizar, LA, Rojas-Martinez, R, Ronkainen, K, Rosengren, A, Rubinstein, A, Rui, O, and Ruiz-Betancourt, BS
Abstract: Background One of the global targets for non-communicable diseases is to halt, by 2025, the rise in the age-standardised adult prevalence of diabetes at its 2010 levels. We aimed to estimate worldwide trends in diabetes, how likely it is for countries to achieve the global target, and how changes in prevalence, together with population growth and ageing, are affecting the number of adults with diabetes. Methods We pooled data from population-based studies that had collected data on diabetes through measurement of its biomarkers. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in diabetes prevalence—defined as fasting plasma glucose of 7·0 mmol/L or higher, or history of diagnosis with diabetes, or use of insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs—in 200 countries and territories in 21 regions, by sex and from 1980 to 2014. We also calculated the posterior probability of meeting the global diabetes target if post-2000 trends continue. Findings We used data from 751 studies including 4 372 000 adults from 146 of the 200 countries we make estimates for. Global age-standardised diabetes prevalence increased from 4·3% (95% credible interval 2·4–7·0) in 1980 to 9·0% (7·2–11·1) in 2014 in men, and from 5·0% (2·9–7·9) to 7·9% (6·4–9·7) in women. The number of adults with diabetes in the world increased from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014 (28·5% due to the rise in prevalence, 39·7% due to population growth and ageing, and 31·8% due to interaction of these two factors). Age-standardised adult diabetes prevalence in 2014 was lowest in northwestern Europe, and highest in Polynesia and Micronesia, at nearly 25%, followed by Melanesia and the Middle East and north Africa. Between 1980 and 2014 there was little change in age-standardised diabetes prevalence in adult women in continental western Europe, although crude prevalence rose because of ageing of the population. By contrast, age-standardised adult prevalence rose by 15 percentage points in men and women in Pol
Published: 2016

3. Effects of diabetes definition on global surveillance of diabetes prevalence and diagnosis: A pooled analysis of 96 population-based studies with 331 288 participants

Author: Danaei, G, Fahimi, S, Lu, Y, Zhou, B, Hajifathalian, K, Cesare, MD, Lo, W-C, Reis-Santos, B, Cowan, MJ, Shaw, JE, Bentham, J, Lin, JK, Bixby, H, Magliano, D, Bovet, P, Miranda, JJ, Khang, Y-H, Stevens, GA, Riley, LM, Ali, MK, Ezzati, M, Abdeen, ZA, Kadir, KA, Abu-Rmeileh, NM, Acosta-Cazares, B, Aekplakorn, W, Aguilar-Salinas, CA, Ahmadvand, A, Nsour, MA, Alkerwi, A, Amouyel, P, Andersen, LB, Anderssen, SA, Andrade, DS, Anjana, RM, Aounallah-Skhiri, H, Aris, T, Arlappa, N, Arveiler, D, Assah, FK, Avdicová, M, Balakrishna, N, Bandosz, P, Barbagallo, CM, Barceló, Alberto, Batieha, AM, Baur, LA, Romdhane, HB, Bernabe-Ortiz, A, Bhargava, SK, Bi, Y, Bjerregaard, P, Björkelund, C, Blake, M, Blokstra, A, Bo, S, Boehm, BO, Boissonnet, CP, Brajkovich, I, Breckenkamp, J, Brewster, LM, Brian, GR, Bruno, G, Bugge, A, de León, AC, Can, G, Cândido, APC, Capuano, V, Carvalho, MJ, Casanueva, FF, Caserta, CA, Castetbon, K, Chamukuttan, S, Chaturvedi, N, Chen, CJ, Chen, F, Chen, S, Cheng, C-Y, Chetrit, A, Chiou, S-T, Cho, Y, Chudek, J, Cifkova, R, Claessens, F, Concin, H, Cooper, C, Cooper, R, Costanzo, S, Cottel, D, Cowell, C, Crujeiras, AB, D Arrigo, G, Dallongeville, J, Dankner, R, Dauchet, L, de Gaetano, G, de Henauw, S, Deepa, M, Dehghan, A, Dhana, K, Di Castelnuovo, AF, Djalalinia, S, Doua, K, Drygas, W, Du, Y, Egbagbe, EE, Eggertsen, R, Ati, JE, Elosua, R, Erasmus, RT, Erem, C, Ergor, G, Eriksen, L, Escobedo-de la Pe na, J, Fall, CH, Farzadfar, F, Felix-Redondo, FJ, Ferguson, TS, Fernández-Bergés, D, Ferrari, M, Ferreccio, C, Finn, JD, Föger, B, Foo, LH, Fouad, HM, Francis, DK, do Carmo Franco, M, Franco, OH, Frontera, G, Furusawa, T, Gaciong, Z, Galbarczyk, A, Garnett, SP, Gaspoz, J-M, Gasull, M, Gates, L, Geleijnse, JM, Ghasemain, A, Giampaoli, S, Gianfagna, F, Giovannelli, J, Gross, MG, González Rivas, JP, Gorbea, MB, Gottrand, F, Grant, JF, Grodzicki, T, Grøntved, A, Gruden, G, Gu, D, Guan, OP, Guerrero, R, Guessous, I, Guimaraes, AL, Gutierrez, L, Hardy, R, Kumar, RH, He, J, Heidemann, C, Hihtaniemi, IT, Ho, SY, Ho, SC, Hofman, A, Russo Horimoto, ARV, Hormiga, CM, Horta, BL, Houti, L, Hussieni, AS, Huybrechts, I, Hwalla, N, Iacoviello, L, Iannone, AG, Ibrahim, MM, Ikeda, N, Ikram, AM, Irazola, VE, Islam, M, Iwasaki, M, Jacobs, JM, Jafar, T, Jasienska, G, Jiang, CQ, Jonas, JB, Joshi, P, Kafatos, A, Kalter-Leibovici, O, Kasaeian, A, Katz, J, Kaur, P, Kavousi, M, Kelishadi, R, Kengne, AP, Kersting, M, Khader, YS, Kiechl, S, Kim, J, Kiyohara, Y, Kolsteren, P, Korrovits, P, Koskinen, S, Kratzer, W, Kromhout, D, Kula, K, Kurjata, P, Kyobutungi, C, Lachat, C, Laid, Y, Lam, TH, Landrove, O, Lanska, V, Lappas, G, Laxmaiah, A, Leclercq, C, Lee, J, Lehtimäki, T, Lekhraj, R, León-Mu noz, LM, Li, Y, Lim, W-Y, Fernanda Lima-Costa, M, Lin, H-H, Lin, X, Lissner, L, Lorbeer, R, Lozano, JE, Lundqvist, A, Lytsy, P, Ma, G, Machado-Coelho, GLL, Machi, S, Maggi, S, Makdisse, M, Rao, KM, Manios, Y, Manzato, E, Margozzini, P, Marques-Vidal, P, Martorell, R, Masoodi, SR, Matsha, TE, Mbanya, JCN, McFarlane, SR, McGarvey, ST, McLachlan, S, McNulty, BA, Mediene-Benchekor, S, Meirhaeghe, A, Menezes, AMB, Merat, S, Meshram, II, Mi, J, Miquel, JF, Mohamed, MK, Mohammad, K, Mohan, V, Yusoff, MFM, Moller, NC, Molnar, D, Mondo, CK, Moreno, LA, Morgan, K, Moschonis, G, Mossakowska, M, Mostafa, A, Mota, J, Muiesan, ML, Müller-Nurasyid, M, Mursu, J, Nagel, G, Namesna, J, Nang, EEK, Nangia, VB, Navarrete-Mu noz, EM, Ndiaye, NC, Nervi, F, Nguyen, ND, Nieto-Martínez, RE, Ning, G, Ninomiya, T, Noale, M, Noto, D, Ochoa-Avilés, AM, Oh, K, Onat, A, Osmond, C, Otero, JA, Palmieri, L, Panda-Jonas, S, Panza, F, Parsaeian, M, Peixoto, SV, Pereira, AC, Peters, A, Peykari, N, Pilav, A, Pitakaka, F, Piwonska, A, Piwonski, J, Plans-Rubió, P, Porta, M, Portegies, MLP, Poustchi, H, Pradeepa, R, Price, JF, Punab, M, Qasrawi, RF, Qorbani, M, Raitakari, O, Rao, SR, Ramachandran, A, Ramos, R, Rampal, S, Rathmann, W, Redon, J, Reganit, PFM, Rigo, F, Robinson, SM, Robitaille, C, Rodríguez, LA, Rodríguez-Artalejo, F, Rodriguez-Perez, MDC, Rojas-Martinez, R, Romaguera, D, Rosengren, A, Rubinstein, A, Rui, O, Ruiz-Betancourt, BS, Rutkowski, M, Sabanayagam, C, Sachdev, HS, Saidi, O, Sakarya, S, Salanave, B, Salonen, JT, Salvetti, M, Sánchez-Abanto, J, dos Santos, RN, Santos, R, Sardinha, LB, Scazufca, M, Schargrodsky, H, Scheidt-Nave, C, Shibuya, K, Shin, Y, Shiri, R, Siantar, R, Sibai, AM, Simon, M, Simons, J, Simons, LA, Sjostrom, M, Slowikowska-Hilczer, J, Slusarczyk, P, Smeeth, L, Snijder, MB, Solfrizzi, V, Sonestedt, E, Soumare, A, Staessen, JA, Steene-Johannessen, J, Stehle, P, Stein, AD, Stessman, J, Stöckl, D, Stokwiszewski, J, Strufaldi, MW, Sun, C-A, Sundström, J, Suriyawongpaisal, P, Sy, RG, Tai, ES, Tarawneh, M, Tarqui-Mamani, CB, Thijs, L, Tolstrup, JS, Topbas, M, Torrent, M, Traissac, P, Trinh, OTH, Tulloch-Reid, MK, Tuomainen, T-P, Turley, ML, Tzourio, C, Ueda, P, Ukoli, FM, Ulmer, H, Valdivia, G, van Valkengoed, IGM, Vanderschueren, D, Vanuzzo, D, Vega, T, Velasquez-Melendez, G, Veronesi, G, Verschuren, M, Vioque, J, Virtanen, J, Visvikis-Siest, S, Viswanathan, B, Vollenweider, P, Voutilainen, S, Wade, AN, Wagner, A, Walton, J, Mohamud, WNW, Wang, M-D, Wang, YX, Wannamethee, SG, Weerasekera, D, Whincup, PH, Widhalm, K, Wiecek, A, Wilks, RJ, Willeit, J, Wojtyniak, B, Wong, TY, Woo, J, Woodward, M, Wu, AG, Wu, FC, Wu, SL, Xu, H, Yang, X, Ye, X, Yoshihara, A, Younger-Coleman, NO, Zambon, S, Zargar, AH, Zdrojewski, T, Zhao, W, Zheng, Y, Danaei, G, Fahimi, S, Lu, Y, Zhou, B, Hajifathalian, K, Cesare, MD, Lo, W-C, Reis-Santos, B, Cowan, MJ, Shaw, JE, Bentham, J, Lin, JK, Bixby, H, Magliano, D, Bovet, P, Miranda, JJ, Khang, Y-H, Stevens, GA, Riley, LM, Ali, MK, Ezzati, M, Abdeen, ZA, Kadir, KA, Abu-Rmeileh, NM, Acosta-Cazares, B, Aekplakorn, W, Aguilar-Salinas, CA, Ahmadvand, A, Nsour, MA, Alkerwi, A, Amouyel, P, Andersen, LB, Anderssen, SA, Andrade, DS, Anjana, RM, Aounallah-Skhiri, H, Aris, T, Arlappa, N, Arveiler, D, Assah, FK, Avdicová, M, Balakrishna, N, Bandosz, P, Barbagallo, CM, Barceló, Alberto, Batieha, AM, Baur, LA, Romdhane, HB, Bernabe-Ortiz, A, Bhargava, SK, Bi, Y, Bjerregaard, P, Björkelund, C, Blake, M, Blokstra, A, Bo, S, Boehm, BO, Boissonnet, CP, Brajkovich, I, Breckenkamp, J, Brewster, LM, Brian, GR, Bruno, G, Bugge, A, de León, AC, Can, G, Cândido, APC, Capuano, V, Carvalho, MJ, Casanueva, FF, Caserta, CA, Castetbon, K, Chamukuttan, S, Chaturvedi, N, Chen, CJ, Chen, F, Chen, S, Cheng, C-Y, Chetrit, A, Chiou, S-T, Cho, Y, Chudek, J, Cifkova, R, Claessens, F, Concin, H, Cooper, C, Cooper, R, Costanzo, S, Cottel, D, Cowell, C, Crujeiras, AB, D Arrigo, G, Dallongeville, J, Dankner, R, Dauchet, L, de Gaetano, G, de Henauw, S, Deepa, M, Dehghan, A, Dhana, K, Di Castelnuovo, AF, Djalalinia, S, Doua, K, Drygas, W, Du, Y, Egbagbe, EE, Eggertsen, R, Ati, JE, Elosua, R, Erasmus, RT, Erem, C, Ergor, G, Eriksen, L, Escobedo-de la Pe na, J, Fall, CH, Farzadfar, F, Felix-Redondo, FJ, Ferguson, TS, Fernández-Bergés, D, Ferrari, M, Ferreccio, C, Finn, JD, Föger, B, Foo, LH, Fouad, HM, Francis, DK, do Carmo Franco, M, Franco, OH, Frontera, G, Furusawa, T, Gaciong, Z, Galbarczyk, A, Garnett, SP, Gaspoz, J-M, Gasull, M, Gates, L, Geleijnse, JM, Ghasemain, A, Giampaoli, S, Gianfagna, F, Giovannelli, J, Gross, MG, González Rivas, JP, Gorbea, MB, Gottrand, F, Grant, JF, Grodzicki, T, Grøntved, A, Gruden, G, Gu, D, Guan, OP, Guerrero, R, Guessous, I, Guimaraes, AL, Gutierrez, L, Hardy, R, Kumar, RH, He, J, Heidemann, C, Hihtaniemi, IT, Ho, SY, Ho, SC, Hofman, A, Russo Horimoto, ARV, Hormiga, CM, Horta, BL, Houti, L, Hussieni, AS, Huybrechts, I, Hwalla, N, Iacoviello, L, Iannone, AG, Ibrahim, MM, Ikeda, N, Ikram, AM, Irazola, VE, Islam, M, Iwasaki, M, Jacobs, JM, Jafar, T, Jasienska, G, Jiang, CQ, Jonas, JB, Joshi, P, Kafatos, A, Kalter-Leibovici, O, Kasaeian, A, Katz, J, Kaur, P, Kavousi, M, Kelishadi, R, Kengne, AP, Kersting, M, Khader, YS, Kiechl, S, Kim, J, Kiyohara, Y, Kolsteren, P, Korrovits, P, Koskinen, S, Kratzer, W, Kromhout, D, Kula, K, Kurjata, P, Kyobutungi, C, Lachat, C, Laid, Y, Lam, TH, Landrove, O, Lanska, V, Lappas, G, Laxmaiah, A, Leclercq, C, Lee, J, Lehtimäki, T, Lekhraj, R, León-Mu noz, LM, Li, Y, Lim, W-Y, Fernanda Lima-Costa, M, Lin, H-H, Lin, X, Lissner, L, Lorbeer, R, Lozano, JE, Lundqvist, A, Lytsy, P, Ma, G, Machado-Coelho, GLL, Machi, S, Maggi, S, Makdisse, M, Rao, KM, Manios, Y, Manzato, E, Margozzini, P, Marques-Vidal, P, Martorell, R, Masoodi, SR, Matsha, TE, Mbanya, JCN, McFarlane, SR, McGarvey, ST, McLachlan, S, McNulty, BA, Mediene-Benchekor, S, Meirhaeghe, A, Menezes, AMB, Merat, S, Meshram, II, Mi, J, Miquel, JF, Mohamed, MK, Mohammad, K, Mohan, V, Yusoff, MFM, Moller, NC, Molnar, D, Mondo, CK, Moreno, LA, Morgan, K, Moschonis, G, Mossakowska, M, Mostafa, A, Mota, J, Muiesan, ML, Müller-Nurasyid, M, Mursu, J, Nagel, G, Namesna, J, Nang, EEK, Nangia, VB, Navarrete-Mu noz, EM, Ndiaye, NC, Nervi, F, Nguyen, ND, Nieto-Martínez, RE, Ning, G, Ninomiya, T, Noale, M, Noto, D, Ochoa-Avilés, AM, Oh, K, Onat, A, Osmond, C, Otero, JA, Palmieri, L, Panda-Jonas, S, Panza, F, Parsaeian, M, Peixoto, SV, Pereira, AC, Peters, A, Peykari, N, Pilav, A, Pitakaka, F, Piwonska, A, Piwonski, J, Plans-Rubió, P, Porta, M, Portegies, MLP, Poustchi, H, Pradeepa, R, Price, JF, Punab, M, Qasrawi, RF, Qorbani, M, Raitakari, O, Rao, SR, Ramachandran, A, Ramos, R, Rampal, S, Rathmann, W, Redon, J, Reganit, PFM, Rigo, F, Robinson, SM, Robitaille, C, Rodríguez, LA, Rodríguez-Artalejo, F, Rodriguez-Perez, MDC, Rojas-Martinez, R, Romaguera, D, Rosengren, A, Rubinstein, A, Rui, O, Ruiz-Betancourt, BS, Rutkowski, M, Sabanayagam, C, Sachdev, HS, Saidi, O, Sakarya, S, Salanave, B, Salonen, JT, Salvetti, M, Sánchez-Abanto, J, dos Santos, RN, Santos, R, Sardinha, LB, Scazufca, M, Schargrodsky, H, Scheidt-Nave, C, Shibuya, K, Shin, Y, Shiri, R, Siantar, R, Sibai, AM, Simon, M, Simons, J, Simons, LA, Sjostrom, M, Slowikowska-Hilczer, J, Slusarczyk, P, Smeeth, L, Snijder, MB, Solfrizzi, V, Sonestedt, E, Soumare, A, Staessen, JA, Steene-Johannessen, J, Stehle, P, Stein, AD, Stessman, J, Stöckl, D, Stokwiszewski, J, Strufaldi, MW, Sun, C-A, Sundström, J, Suriyawongpaisal, P, Sy, RG, Tai, ES, Tarawneh, M, Tarqui-Mamani, CB, Thijs, L, Tolstrup, JS, Topbas, M, Torrent, M, Traissac, P, Trinh, OTH, Tulloch-Reid, MK, Tuomainen, T-P, Turley, ML, Tzourio, C, Ueda, P, Ukoli, FM, Ulmer, H, Valdivia, G, van Valkengoed, IGM, Vanderschueren, D, Vanuzzo, D, Vega, T, Velasquez-Melendez, G, Veronesi, G, Verschuren, M, Vioque, J, Virtanen, J, Visvikis-Siest, S, Viswanathan, B, Vollenweider, P, Voutilainen, S, Wade, AN, Wagner, A, Walton, J, Mohamud, WNW, Wang, M-D, Wang, YX, Wannamethee, SG, Weerasekera, D, Whincup, PH, Widhalm, K, Wiecek, A, Wilks, RJ, Willeit, J, Wojtyniak, B, Wong, TY, Woo, J, Woodward, M, Wu, AG, Wu, FC, Wu, SL, Xu, H, Yang, X, Ye, X, Yoshihara, A, Younger-Coleman, NO, Zambon, S, Zargar, AH, Zdrojewski, T, Zhao, W, and Zheng, Y
Abstract: Background Diabetes has been defined on the basis of different biomarkers, including fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-h plasma glucose in an oral glucose tolerance test (2hOGTT), and HbA1c. We assessed the effect of different diagnostic definitions on both the population prevalence of diabetes and the classification of previously undiagnosed individuals as having diabetes versus not having diabetes in a pooled analysis of data from population-based health examination surveys in different regions. Methods We used data from 96 population-based health examination surveys that had measured at least two of the biomarkers used for defining diabetes. Diabetes was defined using HbA1c (HbA1c ≥6·5% or history of diabetes diagnosis or using insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs) compared with either FPG only or FPG-or-2hOGTT definitions (FPG ≥7·0 mmol/L or 2hOGTT ≥11·1 mmol/L or history of diabetes or using insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs). We calculated diabetes prevalence, taking into account complex survey design and survey sample weights. We compared the prevalences of diabetes using different definitions graphically and by regression analyses. We calculated sensitivity and specificity of diabetes diagnosis based on HbA1c compared with diagnosis based on glucose among previously undiagnosed individuals (ie, excluding those with history of diabetes or using insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs). We calculated sensitivity and specificity in each survey, and then pooled results using a random-effects model. We assessed the sources of heterogeneity of sensitivity by meta-regressions for study characteristics selected a priori. Findings Population prevalence of diabetes based on FPG-or-2hOGTT was correlated with prevalence based on FPG alone (r=0·98), but was higher by 2–6 percentage points at different prevalence levels. Prevalence based on HbA1c was lower than prevalence based on FPG in 42·8% of age–sex–survey groups and higher in another 41·6%; in the other 15·6%, the two de
Published: 2015

4. Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants

Author: Rodriguez-Martinez, Andrea, Zhou, Bin, Sophiea, Marisa K, Bentham, James, Paciorek, Christopher J, Iurilli, Maria LC, Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M, Bennett, James E, Di Cesare, Mariachiara, Taddei, Cristina, Bixby, Honor, Stevens, Gretchen A, Riley, Leanne M, Cowan, Melanie J, Savin, Stefan, Danaei, Goodarz, Chirita-Emandi, Adela, Kengne, Andre P, Khang, Young-Ho, Laxmaiah, Avula, Malekzadeh, Reza, Miranda, J Jaime, Moon, Jin Soo, Popovic, Stevo R, Sorensen, Thorkild IA, Soric, Maroje, Starc, Gregor, Zainuddin, Ahmad A, Gregg, Edward W, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Black, Robert, Ezzati, Majid, Abarca-Gomez, Leandra, Abdeen, Ziad A, Abdrakhmanova, Shynar, Ghaffar, Suhaila Abdul, Rahim, Hanan F Abdul, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M, Garba, Jamila Abubakar, Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin, Adams, Robert J, Aekplakorn, Wichai, Afsana, Kaosar, Afzal, Shoaib, Agdeppa, Imelda A, Aghazadeh-Attari, Javad, Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A, Agyemang, Charles, Ahmad, Mohamad Hasnan, Ahmad, Noor Ani, Ahmadi, Ali, Ahmadi, Naser, Ahmed, Soheir H, Ahrens, Wolfgang, Aitmurzaeva, Gulmira, Ajlouni, Kamel, Al-Hazzaa, Hazzaa M, Al-Othman, Amani Rashed, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Alarouj, Monira, AlBuhairan, Fadia, AlDhukair, Shahla, Ali, Mohamed M, Alkandari, Abdullah, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Allin, Kristine, Alvarez-Pedrerol, Mar, Aly, Eman, Amarapurkar, Deepak N, Amiri, Parisa, Amougou, Norbert, Amouyel, Philippe, Andersen, Lars Bo, Anderssen, Sigmund A, Angquist, Lars, Anjana, Ranjit Mohan, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer, Araujo, Joana, Ariansen, Inger, Aris, Tahir, Arku, Raphael E, Arlappa, Nimmathota, Aryal, Krishna K, Aspelund, Thor, Assah, Felix K, Assuncao, Maria Cecilia F, Aung, May Soe, Auvinen, Juha, Avdicova, Maria, Azevedo, Ana, Azimi-Nezhad, Mohsen, Azizi, Fereidoun, Azmin, Mehrdad, Babu, Bontha V, Jorgensen, Maja Baeksgaard, Baharudin, Azli, Bahijri, Suhad, Baker, Jennifer L, Balakrishna, Nagalla, Bamoshmoosh, Mohamed, Banach, Maciej, Bandosz, Piotr, Banegas, Jose R, Baran, Joanna, Barbagallo, Carlo M, Barcelo, Alberto, Barkat, Amina, Barros, Aluisio JD, Barros, Mauro Virgilio Gomes, Basit, Abdul, Bastos, Joao Luiz D, Bata, Iqbal, Batieha, Anwar M, Batista, Rosangela L, Battakova, Zhamilya, Batyrbek, Assembekov, Baur, Louise A, Beaglehole, Robert, Bel-Serrat, Silvia, Belavendra, Antonisamy, Ben Romdhane, Habiba, Benedics, Judith, Benet, Mikhail, Berkinbayev, Salim, Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio, Bernotiene, Gailute, Bettiol, Heloisa, Bezerra, Jorge, Bhagyalaxmi, Aroor, Bharadwaj, Sumit, Bhargava, Santosh K, Bi, Hongsheng, Bi, Yufang, Bia, Daniel, Lele, Elysee Claude Bika, Bikbov, Mukharram M, Bista, Bihungum, Bjelica, Dusko J, Bjerregaard, Peter, Bjertness, Espen, Bjertness, Marius B, Bjorkelund, Cecilia, Bloch, Katia V, Blokstra, Anneke, Bo, Simona, Bobak, Martin, Boddy, Lynne M, Boehm, Bernhard O, Boeing, Heiner, Boggia, Jose G, Bogova, Elena, Boissonnet, Carlos P, Bojesen, Stig E, Bonaccio, Marialaura, Bongard, Vanina, Bonilla-Vargas, Alice, Bopp, Matthias, Borghs, Herman, Bovet, Pascal, Braeckevelt, Lien, Braeckman, Lutgart, Bragt, Marjolijn CE, Brajkovich, Imperia, Branca, Francesco, Breckenkamp, Juergen, Breda, Joao, Brenner, Hermann, Brewster, Lizzy M, Brian, Garry R, Brinduse, Lacramioara, Brophy, Sinead, Bruno, Graziella, Bueno-de-Mesquita, H Bas, Bugge, Anna, Buoncristiano, Marta, Burazeri, Genc, Burns, Con, de Leon, Antonio Cabrera, Cacciottolo, Joseph, Cai, Hui, Cama, Tilema, Cameron, Christine, Camolas, Jose, Can, Gunay, Candido, Ana Paula C, Canete, Felicia, Capanzana, Mario V, Capkova, Nadezda, Capuano, Eduardo, Capuano, Vincenzo, Cardol, Marloes, Cardoso, Viviane C, Carlsson, Axel C, Carmuega, Esteban, Carvalho, Joana, Casajus, Jose A, Casanueva, Felipe F, Celikcan, Ertugrul, Censi, Laura, Cervantes-Loaiza, Marvin, Cesar, Juraci A, Chamukuttan, Snehalatha, Chan, Angelique W, Chan, Queenie, Chaturvedi, Himanshu K, Chaturvedi, Nish, Rahim, Norsyamlina Che Abdul, Chen, Chien-Jen, Chen, Fangfang, Chen, Huashuai, Chen, Shuohua, Chen, Zhengming, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Cheraghian, Bahman, Chetrit, Angela, Chikova-Iscener, Ekaterina, Chiolero, Arnaud, Chiou, Shu-Ti, Chirlaque, Maria-Dolores, Cho, Belong, Christensen, Kaare, Christofaro, Diego G, Chudek, Jerzy, Cifkova, Renata, Cilia, Michelle, Cinteza, Eliza, Claessens, Frank, Clarke, Janine, Clays, Els, Cohen, Emmanuel, Concin, Hans, Confortin, Susana C, Cooper, Cyrus, Coppinger, Tara C, Corpeleijn, Eva, Costanzo, Simona, Cottel, Dominique, Cowell, Chris, Craig, Cora L, Crampin, Amelia C, Crujeiras, Ana B, Csilla, Semanova, Cucu, Alexandra M, Cui, Liufu, Cureau, Felipe V, D'Arrigo, Graziella, d'Orsi, Eleonora, Dacica, Liliana, Saavedra, Maria Angeles Dal Re, Dallongeville, Jean, Damasceno, Albertino, Damsgaard, Camilla T, Dankner, Rachel, Dantoft, Thomas M, Dasgupta, Parasmani, Dastgiri, Saeed, Dauchet, Luc, Davletov, Kairat, De Backer, Guy, De Bacquer, Dirk, de Gaetano, Giovanni, De Henauw, Stefaan, de Oliveira, Paula Duarte, De Ridder, David, De Ridder, Karin, de Rooij, Susanne R, De Smedt, Delphine, Deepa, Mohan, Deev, Alexander D, DeGennaro, Vincent, Dehghan, Abbas, Delisle, Helene, Delpeuch, Francis, Demarest, Stefaan, Dennison, Elaine, Deren, Katarzyna, Deschamps, Valerie, Dhana, Klodian, Dhimal, Meghnath, Di Castelnuovo, Augusto F, Dias-da-Costa, Juvenal Soares, Diaz-Sanchez, Maria Elena, Diaz, Alejandro, Dika, Zivka, Djalalinia, Shirin, Djordjic, Visnja, Do, Ha TP, Dobson, Annette J, Donati, Maria Benedetta, Donfrancesco, Chiara, Donoso, Silvana P, Doring, Angela, Dorobantu, Maria, Dorosty, Ahmad Reza, Doua, Kouamelan, Drygas, Wojciech, Duan, Jia Li, Duante, Charmaine A, Duboz, Priscilla, Duda, Rosemary B, Duleva, Vesselka, Dulskiene, Virginija, Dumith, Samuel C, Dushpanova, Anar, Dzerve, Vilnis, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Elzbieta, Eddie, Ricky, Eftekhar, Ebrahim, Egbagbe, Eruke E, Eggertsen, Robert, Eghtesad, Sareh, Eiben, Gabriele, Ekelund, Ulf, El-Khateeb, Mohammad, El Ati, Jalila, Eldemire-Shearer, Denise, Eliasen, Marie, Elliott, Paul, 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Ming-Dong, Wang, Ningli, Wang, Qian, Wang, Xiangjun, Wang, Ya Xing, Wang, Ying-Wei, Wannamethee, S Goya, Wareham, Nicholas, Weber, Adelheid, Wedderkopp, Niels, Weerasekera, Deepa, Weghuber, Daniel, Wei, Wenbin, Weres, Aneta, Werner, Bo, Whincup, Peter H, Widhalm, Kurt, Widyahening, Indah S, Wiecek, Andrzej, Wilks, Rainford J, Willeit, Johann, Willeit, Peter, Williams, Julianne, Wilsgaard, Tom, Wojtyniak, Bogdan, Wong-McClure, Roy A, Wong, Andrew, Wong, Jyh Eiin, Wong, Tien Yin, Woo, Jean, Woodward, Mark, Wu, Frederick C, Wu, Jianfeng, Wu, Li Juan, Wu, Shouling, Xu, Haiquan, Xu, Liang, Yaacob, Nor Azwany, Yamborisut, Uruwan, Yan, Weili, Yang, Ling, Yang, Xiaoguang, Yang, Yang, Yardim, Nazan, Yaseri, Mehdi, Yasuharu, Tabara, Ye, Xingwang, Yiallouros, Panayiotis K, Yoosefi, Moein, Yoshihara, Akihiro, You, Qi Sheng, You, San-Lin, Younger-Coleman, Novie O, Yusof, Safiah Md, Yusoff, Ahmad Faudzi, Zaccagni, Luciana, Zafiropulos, Vassilis, Zakavi, Seyed Rasoul, Zamani, Farhad, Zambon, Sabina, Zampelas, Antonis, Zamrazilova, Hana, Zapata, Maria Elisa, Zargar, Abdul Hamid, Zaw, Ko Ko, Zdrojewski, Tomasz, Vrkic, Tajana Zeljkovic, Zeng, Yi, Zhang, Luxia, Zhang, Zhen-Yu, Zhao, Dong, Zhao, Ming-Hui, Zhao, Wenhua, Zhen, Shiqi, Zheng, Wei, Zheng, Yingfeng, Zholdin, Bekbolat, Zhou, Maigeng, Zhu, Dan, Zocalo, Yanina, Cisneros, Julio Zuniga, Zuziak, Monika, Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação, Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Interactions Gène-Environnement en Physiopathologie Cardio-Vasculaire (IGE-PCV), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Environnement, Santé, Sociétés (ESS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Project: 774548, Reproductive Origins of Adult Health and Disease (ROAHD), Rodriguez-Martinez A, Zhou B, Sophiea MK, Bentham J, Paciorek CJ, Iurilli ML, Carrillo-Larco RM, Bennett JE, Di Cesare M, Taddei C, Bixby H, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Cowan MJ, Savin S, 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Cai H, Cama T, Cameron C, Camolas J, Can G, Cândido APC, Cañete F, Capanzana MV, Capková N, Capuano E, Capuano V, Cardol M, Cardoso VC, Carlsson AC, Carmuega E, Carvalho J, Casajús JA, Casanueva FF, Celikcan E, Censi L, Cervantes-Loaiza M, Cesar JA, Chamukuttan S, Chan AW, Chan Q, Chaturvedi HK, Chaturvedi N, Che Abdul Rahim N, Chen C-J, Chen F, Chen H, Chen S, Chen Z, Cheng C-Y, Cheraghian B, Chetrit A, Chikova-Iscener E, Chiolero A, Chiou S-T, Chirlaque M-D, Cho B, Christensen K, Christofaro DG, Chudek J, Cifkova R, Cilia M, Cinteza E, Claessens F, Clarke J, Clays E, Cohen E, Concin H, Confortin SC, Cooper C, Coppinger TC, Corpeleijn E, Costanzo S, Cottel D, Cowell C, Craig CL, Crampin AC, Crujeiras AB, Csilla S, Cucu AM, Cui L, Cureau FV, D'Arrigo G, d'Orsi E, Dacica L, Dal Re Saavedra MÁ, Dallongeville J, Damasceno A, Damsgaard CT, Dankner R, Dantoft TM, Dasgupta P, Dastgiri S, Dauchet L, Davletov K, De Backer G, De Bacquer D, de Gaetano G, De Henauw S, de Oliveira PD, De Ridder D, De Ridder K, de Rooij SR, De Smedt D, Deepa M, Deev AD, DeGennaro V, Jr, Dehghan A, Delisle H, Delpeuch F, Demarest S, Dennison E, Deren K, Deschamps V, Dhana K, Dhimal M, Di Castelnuovo AF, Dias-da-Costa JS, Díaz-Sánchez ME, Diaz A, Dika Z, Djalalinia S, Djordjic V, Do HT, Dobson AJ, Donati MB, Donfrancesco C, Donoso SP, Döring A, Dorobantu M, Dorosty AR, Doua K, Drygas W, Duan JL, Duante CA, Duboz P, Duda RB, Duleva V, Dulskiene V, Dumith SC, Dushpanova A, Dzerve V, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk E, Eddie R, Eftekhar E, Egbagbe EE, Eggertsen R, Eghtesad S, Eiben G, Ekelund U, El-Khateeb M, El Ati J, Eldemire-Shearer D, Eliasen M, Elliott P, Engle-Stone R, Enguerran M, Erasmus RT, Erbel R, Erem C, Eriksen L, Eriksson JG, Escobedo-de la Peña J, Eslami S, Esmaeili A, Evans A, Faeh D, Fakhretdinova AA, Fall CH, Faramarzi E, Farjam M, Farrugia Sant'Angelo V, Farzadfar F, Fattahi MR, Fawwad A, Felix-Redondo FJ, Ferguson TS, Fernandes RA, Fernández-Bergés D, Ferrante D, Ferrao T, Ferrari M, Ferrario MM, Ferreccio C, Ferrer E, Ferrieres J, Figueiró TH, Fijalkowska A, Fink G, Fischer K, Föger B, Foo LH, Forsner M, Fouad HM, Francis DK, Franco MDC, Franco OH, Frikke-Schmidt R, Frontera G, Fuchs FD, Fuchs SC, Fujiati II, Fujita Y, Fumihiko M, Furusawa T, Gaciong Z, Gafencu M, Galbarczyk A, Galenkamp H, Galeone D, Galfo M, Galvano F, Gao J, Garcia-de-la-Hera M, García-Solano M, Gareta D, Garnett SP, Gaspoz J-M, Gasull M, Gaya ACA, Gaya AR, Gazzinelli A, Gehring U, Geiger H, Geleijnse JM, Ghanbari A, Ghasemi E, Gheorghe-Fronea O-F, Giampaoli S, Gianfagna F, Gill TK, Giovannelli J, Gironella G, Giwercman A, Gkiouras K, Godos J, Gogen S, Goldsmith RA, Goltzman D, Gómez SF, Gomula A, Goncalves Cordeiro da Silva B, Gonçalves H, Gonzalez-Chica DA, Gonzalez-Gross M, González-Leon M, González-Rivas JP, González-Villalpando C, González-Villalpando M-E, Gonzalez AR, Gottrand F, Graça AP, Graff-Iversen S, Grafnetter D, Grajda A, Grammatikopoulou MG, Gregor RD, Grodzicki T, Grøholt EK, 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JM, Ibrahim MM, Ibrahim Wong N, Ikeda N, Ikram MA, Iotova V, Irazola VE, Ishida T, Islam M, Islam SMS, Iwasaki M, Jackson RT, Jacobs JM, Jaddou HY, Jafar T, James K, Jamil KM, Jamrozik K, Janszky I, Janus E, Jarani J, Jarvelin M-R, Jasienska G, Jelakovic A, Jelakovic B, Jennings G, Jha AK, Jiang CQ, Jimenez RO, Jöckel K-H, Joffres M, Johansson M, Jokelainen JJ, Jonas JB, Jørgensen T, Joshi P, Joukar F, Jovic DP, Józwiak JJ, Juolevi A, Jurak G, Jurca Simina I, Juresa V, Kaaks R, Kaducu FO, Kafatos A, Kajantie EO, Kalmatayeva Z, Kalter-Leibovici O, Kameli Y, Kanala KR, Kannan S, Kapantais E, Karki KB, Katibeh M, Katz J, Katzmarzyk PT, Kauhanen J, Kaur P, Kavousi M, Kazakbaeva GM, Keil U, Keinan Boker L, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi S, Kelishadi R, Kelleher C, Kemper HC, Keramati M, Kerimkulova A, Kersting M, Key T, Khader YS, Khalili D, Khaw K-T, Kheiri B, Kheradmand M, Khosravi A, Khouw IM, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer U, Kiechl S, Killewo J, Kim DW, Kim HC, Kim J, Kindblom JM, Klakk H, Klimek M, Klimont J, Klumbiene J, Knoflach M, Koirala B, Kolle E, Kolsteren P, König J, Korpelainen R, Korrovits P, Korzycka M, Kos J, Koskinen S, Kouda K, Kovacs VA, Kowlessur S, Koziel S, Kratzer W, Kriemler S, Kristensen PL, Krokstad S, Kromhout D, Krtalic B, Kruger HS, Kubinova R, Kuciene R, Kujala UM, Kujundzic E, Kulaga Z, Kumar RK, Kunešová M, Kurjata P, Kusuma YS, Kuulasmaa K, Kyobutungi C, La QN, Laamiri FZ, Laatikainen T, Lachat C, Laid Y, Lam TH, Lambrinou C-P, Landais E, Lanska V, Lappas G, Larijani B, Latt TS, Lauria L, Lazo-Porras M, Le Nguyen Bao K, Le Port A, Le TD, Lee J, Lee J, Lee PH, Lehmann N, Lehtimäki T, Lemogoum D, Levitt NS, Li Y, Liivak M, Lilly CL, Lim W-Y, Lima-Costa MF, Lin H-H, Lin X, Lin Y-T, Lind L, Linneberg A, Lissner L, Litwin M, Liu J, Liu L, Lo W-C, Loit H-M, Long KQ, Lopes L, Lopes O, Lopez-Garcia E, Lopez T, Lotufo PA, Lozano JE, Lukrafka JL, Luksiene D, Lundqvist A, Lundqvist R, Lunet N, Lunogelo C, Lustigová M, Luszczki E, Ma G, Ma J, Ma X, Machado-Coelho GL, Machado-Rodrigues AM, Machi S, Macieira LM, Madar AA, Maggi S, Magliano DJ, Magnacca S, Magriplis E, Mahasampath G, Maire B, Majer M, Makdisse M, Mäki P, Malekzadeh F, Malhotra R, Mallikharjuna Rao K, Malyutina SK, Maniego LV, Manios Y, Mann JI, Mansour-Ghanaei F, Manzato E, Margozzini P, Markaki A, Markey O, Markidou Ioannidou E, Marques-Vidal P, Marques LP, Marrugat J, Martin-Prevel Y, Martin R, Martorell R, Martos E, Marventano S, Mascarenhas LP, Masoodi SR, Mathiesen EB, Mathur P, Matijasevich A, Matsha TE, Mavrogianni C, Mazur A, Mbanya JCN, McFarlane SR, McGarvey ST, McKee M, McLachlan S, McLean RM, McLean SB, McNulty BA, Mediene-Benchekor S, Medzioniene J, Mehdipour P, Mehlig K, Mehrparvar AH, Meirhaeghe A, Meisfjord J, Meisinger C, Menezes AMB, Menon GR, Mensink GB, Menzano MT, Mereke A, Meshram II, Metspalu A, Mi J, Michaelsen KF, Michels N, Mikkel K, Milkowska K, Miller JC, Minderico CS, Mini GK, Miquel JF, Mirjalili MR, Mirkopoulou D, Mirrakhimov E, Mišigoj-Durakovic M, Mistretta A, Mocanu V, Modesti PA, Moghaddam SS, Mohajer B, Mohamed MK, Mohamed SF, Mohammad K, Mohammadi Z, Mohammadifard N, Mohammadpourhodki R, Mohan V, Mohanna S, Mohd Yusoff MF, Mohebbi I, Mohebi F, Moitry M, Molbo D, Møllehave LT, Møller NC, Molnár D, Momenan A, Mondo CK, Monroy-Valle M, Monterrubio-Flores E, Monyeki KDK, Moosazadeh M, Moreira LB, Morejon A, Moreno LA, Morgan K, Morin SN, Mortensen EL, Moschonis G, Mossakowska M, Mostafa A, Mota-Pinto A, Mota J, Motlagh ME, Motta J, Moura-dos-Santos MA, Mridha MK, Msyamboza KP, Mu TT, Muc M, Mugoša B, Muiesan ML, Mukhtorova P, Müller-Nurasyid M, Murphy N, Mursu J, Murtagh EM, Musa KI, Music Milanovic S, Musil V, Mustafa N, Nabipour I, Naderimagham S, Nagel G, Naidu BM, Najafi F, Nakamura H, Námešná J, Nang EEK, Nangia VB, Nankap M, Narake S, Nardone P, Nauck M, Neal WA, Nejatizadeh A, Nelis K, Nelis L, Nenko I, Neovius M, Nervi F, Nguyen CT, Nguyen D, Nguyen QN, Nieto-Martínez RE, Nikitin YP, Ning G, Ninomiya T, Nishtar S, Noale M, Noboa OA, Nogueira H, Norat T, Nordendahl M, Nordestgaard BG, Noto D, Nowak-Szczepanska N, Nsour MA, Nuhoglu I, Nurk E, O'Neill TW, O'Reilly D, Obreja G, Ochimana C, Ochoa-Avilés AM, Oda E, Oh K, Ohara K, Ohlsson C, Ohtsuka R, Olafsson Ö, Olinto MTA, Oliveira IO, Omar MA, Onat A, Ong SK, Ono LM, Ordunez P, Ornelas R, Ortiz AP, Ortiz PJ, Osler M, Osmond C, Ostojic SM, Ostovar A, Otero JA, Overvad K, Owusu-Dabo E, Paccaud FM, Padez C, Pagkalos I, Pahomova E, Paiva KMD, Pajak A, Palli D, Palloni A, Palmieri L, Pan W-H, Panda-Jonas S, Pandey A, Panza F, Papandreou D, Park S-W, Park S, Parnell WR, Parsaeian M, Pascanu IM, Pasquet P, Patel ND, Pednekar MS, Peer N, Peixoto SV, Peltonen M, Pereira AC, Peres MA, Pérez-Farinós N, Pérez CM, Peterkova V, Peters A, Petersmann A, Petkeviciene J, Petrauskiene A, Pettenuzzo E, Peykari N, Pham ST, Pichardo RN, Pierannunzio D, Pigeot I, Pikhart H, Pilav A, Pilotto L, Pistelli F, Pitakaka F, Piwonska A, Pizarro AN, Plans-Rubió P, Poh BK, Pohlabeln H, 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Subjects: Male, body-mass index, ADULTHOOD, Adolescents, pituuskasvu, Pediatrics, Body Mass Index, 0302 clinical medicine, Child Development, nuoret, Public health surveillance, Medicine, Health Status Indicators, 10. No inequality, Child, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Body mass index, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, education.field_of_study, VDP::Medisinske Fag: 700::Helsefag: 800::Samfunnsmedisin, sosialmedisin: 801, General Medicine, Body mass indexes, kansainvälinen vertailu, 3. Good health, Geography, Health, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Child, Preschool, Medical and Health sciences, purl.org/becyt/ford/3 [https], medicine.medical_specialty, School-aged adolescents, Socio-culturale, lapset (ikäryhmät), Nursing, territories, ravinto, purl.org/becyt/ford/3.3 [https], 03 medical and health sciences, School Children, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS, Humans, school-aged children and adolescents, Montenegro, education, Science & Technology, Omvårdnad, Health sciences, Medical and Health sciences, Ciências médicas e da saúde, Bayes Theorem, Anthropometry, Adolescent Development, medicine.disease, TRENDS, Height and Body-mass Index, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais, UNDERNUTRITION, Height index trajectories, Height, body mass index, children , epidemiology, risk factors, growth, Stature, Demography, Settore MED/09 - Medicina Interna, Internationality, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Body-mass index trajectories, Epidemiology, Medicine and Health Sciences, risk factors, countries, EPIDEMIOLOGY, height, children, adolescents, BMI, 030212 general & internal medicine, painoindeksi, Child development, 2. Zero hunger, Medicine(all), School age child, obestity children cardiovascular, Population Health, 1. No poverty, Pediatrik, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health, Pooled analysis, NUTRITION, Female, medicine.symptom, pooled analysis, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, terveys, height, BMI, nutrition, health, children, adolescents, Adolescent, growth, Population, body-mass, Population based, Body-mass index, Young Adult, Medicine, General & Internal, Meta-Analysis as Topic, General & Internal Medicine, parasitic diseases, Weight gain, School-aged childrens, Age trajectories, business.industry, Height, Weight, Body Height, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, Malnutrition, ONSET, Ciências da Saúde, Ciências médicas e da saúde, School-aged children, VDP::Medical disciplines: 700::Health sciences: 800::Community medicine, Social medicine: 801, business, terveysriskit, Estilos de Vida e Impacto na Saúde
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents., METHODS: For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence., FINDINGS: We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls., INTERPRETATION: The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks., Wellcome Trust, AstraZeneca Young Health Programme, EU., peer-reviewed
Published: 2020
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5. The causal relationship between electricity consumption and economic growth in a Gaming and Tourism Center: The case of Macao SAR, the People's Republic of China.

Author: Lai TM, To WM, Lo WC, Choy YS, and Lam KH
Abstract: A number of Asian cities decided to establish gaming and resort facilities in order to capitalize on the growing number of gamblers and their family members in Asia. In doing so, they expect to sustain economic growth but, on the other hand, will consume a considerable amount of energy. Nevertheless, the causal relationship between economic growth and electricity consumption in this type of service-oriented territories has never been investigated. Using the historical data obtained from the Government of Macao SAR, we found that electricity consumption and economic growth in terms of gross domestic product are co-integrated for the period of 1999 Quarter 1-2008 Quarter 4. Moreover, vector error correction ( VEC ) models indicated a lack of short-run relationships but showed that there was a long-run equilibrium relationship between electricity consumption and gross domestic product. The accuracy of VEC models was assessed by using the mean squared error and the mean absolute error. The error analysis shows that VEC models reproduced time series of gross domestic product and electricity consumption in difference form accurately., (Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2011
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6. Analysis of antibody reactivities in ELISA using protein blots as antigen substrates: S-ELISA.

Author: Lo WC, Miller MA, and Montelaro RC
Subjects: Animals, Blotting, Western, Hybridomas, Immune Sera immunology, Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine immunology, Mice, Antibodies, Viral analysis, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Abstract: We describe here a novel immunoassay procedure, designated strip-ELISA (S-ELISA), in which specific antigens are purified by SDS-PAGE, transferred to support membranes, and utilized in situ as substrate in routine ELISA procedures. Using two different lentivirus systems, simian immunodeficiency virus and equine infectious anemia virus, we demonstrate the utility of S-ELISA for screening hybridoma supernatants during production of monoclonal antibodies and for the dissection of polyclonal antibody responses into defined antigen specificities. The data presented here indicates that the S-ELISA combines the sensitivity of conventional ELISA with the specificity afforded by Western blotting procedures, producing a relatively simple and versatile assay for evaluating antibody reactivities.
Published: 1990
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1. Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants

2. Worldwide trends in diabetes since 1980: A pooled analysis of 751 population-based studies with 4.4 million participants

3. Effects of diabetes definition on global surveillance of diabetes prevalence and diagnosis: A pooled analysis of 96 population-based studies with 331 288 participants

4. Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants

5. The causal relationship between electricity consumption and economic growth in a Gaming and Tourism Center: The case of Macao SAR, the People's Republic of China.

6. Analysis of antibody reactivities in ELISA using protein blots as antigen substrates: S-ELISA.

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