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Objective: To evaluate the prevalence, co-occurrence, sex differences, and functional correlates of DSM-5 psychiatric disorders in 15-year-old adolescents born extremely preterm., Method: The Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborns (ELGAN) Study is a longitudinal study of children born <28 weeks gestation. At age 15, 670 adolescents completed the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents (MINI-KID), the Youth Self-Report, a disability scale of participation in social roles, and cognitive testing. Parents completed a family psychiatric history questionnaire., Results: The most prevalent psychiatric disorders were anxiety, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and major depression. More girls met criteria for anxiety than boys. Though 66% of participants did not meet criteria for a psychiatric disorder, 15% met criteria for 1, 9% for 2, and 8% for ≥3 psychiatric disorders. Participants with ≥2 psychiatric disorders were more likely to have repeated a grade, to have an individualized educational program, and to have a lower nonverbal IQ than those with no psychiatric disorders. Participants with any psychiatric disorder were more likely to use psychotropic medications; to have greater cognitive and functional impairment; and to have mothers who were single, were on public health insurance, and had less than a high school education. Finally, a positive family psychiatric history was identified more frequently among adolescents with ≥3 psychiatric disorders., Conclusion: Among adolescents born extremely preterm, anxiety, major depression, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder were the most prevalent psychiatric disorders at age 15. Adolescents with >1 psychiatric disorder were at increased risk for multiple functional and participatory challenges., (Copyright © 2021 American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: To summarise evidence on sleep deprivation and/or poor sleep determinants as experienced by intensive care unit patients., Research Methodology/design: A systematic review of qualitative studies identified through PubMed, CINAHL and Scopus databases published in English up to 2018 was performed following PRISMA guidelines. The included studies were critically evaluated by using the Critical Appraisal Screening Programme tool. Study findings were then subjected to a meta-summary and a meta-synthesis., Setting: Intensive Care Units., Main Outcome Measures: Critically ill patients' experiences of sleep deprivation., Results: Seven qualitative studies were included documenting the experience of 109 adult patients. A total of 12 codes emerged as causes of sleep deprivation and 'feeling fear/concern' was reported with the greatest frequency (71.4%) in the meta-summary. The 12 codes were categorised into three main themes influencing both directly and also interdependently the quality of sleep: (1) Experiencing complex interactions with the environment (nursing activities, frightening or disturbing sounds, acceptable sounds, time and space disorientation); (2) Undergoing intensive emotions and feelings (fear/concerns, state of abandon, inexplicable insomnia, inability to move, inability to talk) and (3) Receiving an appropriate standard of care (physical pain, feeling safe/unsafe)., Conclusions: Despite the increased relevance of sleep deprivation and poor sleep quality, only a few studies have been performed to date aimed at identifying the factors involved in the phenomenon according to patient experience. The majority of determinants as identified from patients' perspective are modifiable., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)