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Keeping in view the conservation of natural resources, the power generation from the solar photovoltaic system is increasing day by day to meet the demand of energy worldwide. There are constraints of availability of space for ground mounted solar PV system for large installations. In some countries water bodies are being utilized to install solar PV system to reduce land use. Few floating systems using plastics have been developed to install a solar panel on it. After extensive literature studies on properties of polyolefins, High-density poly ethylene (HDPE) is found to be better material for this purpose.In order to measure its sustainability, annotation of mechanical properties using bimodal poly ethylene under accelerated weathering condition has been carried out in different intervals till 1152 h, to perceive the lifespan of HDPE material. The change in its mechanical properties like tensile strength, elongation at break, maximum load bearing capacity, impact resistance and hardness were evaluated. It was observed that the tensile strength was reduced from 23.22 MPa to 14.64 MPa after accelerated UV exposure. It was observed that after 1000 h of exposure to accelerated weathering the material still has the tendency to hold a constant load of 637.81 N without rupture, compared to non-weathered sample (955.16 N). The elongation at break was reduced but elongation of 6.24% was maintained after 1152 h of accelerated exposure, which depicts the elasticity of the material, is still maintained. The impact resistance did not show a significant change during this period, the value varies in the range of 13.54–10.06 kJ/m2. However, the hardness was increased from 61 to 66 (Shore D) due to deterioration of low molecular weight polymer present in bimodal PE. It is concluded that the mechanical properties of Biomodal HDPE material after accelerated UV exposure does not have much effect and is safe to bear the load of solar panels and other accessories mounted over it. Further studies can be done using UV stabilized biomodal HDPE. Keywords: Floating system, Biomodal, HDPE material, Mechanical properties

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of morbidity in all age groups worldwide. Decompressive craniectomy (DC) is a salvage procedure in patients with TBI. The outcome and quality of life following DC is questionable. Basal cisternostomy (BC) has been proposed to reduce edema and lead to brain relaxation. It was initially used as an adjunct in TBI patients, thereby improving outcomes. With gaining popularity among neurosurgeons, BC was used as a standalone approach in TBI patients. This network meta-analysis aims to analyze the role of BC either as an adjunct or as a standalone approach in managing TBI patients., Methods: A comprehensive search of electronic databases (PubMed and SCOPUS) was performed using the search strategy using the field terms and medical subheading terms (MeSH Terms) to retrieve studies describing the role of BC in patients with TBI either as an adjunct with DC or standalone treatment and their outcome., Results: Thirty-one articles were selected for full-text review and 18 articles were selected for the final analysis. BC alone group was found to have minimum in-hospital mortality (odds ratio [OR], 0.348; 95% credible interval [CrI], 0.254 to 0.477) followed by DC combined with BC group (OR, 0.645; 95% CrI, 0.476 to 0.875). DC combined with the BC group was found to have a minimum duration of mechanical ventilation (OR, 0.114; 95% CrI, 0.005 to 2.451) followed by the BC alone group (OR, 0.604; 95% CrI, 0.024 to 15.346). DC combined with the BC group were found to have the maximum Glasgow Outcome Scale score (OR, 1.661; 95% CrI, 0.907 to 3.041) followed by the BC alone group (OR, 1.553; 95% CrI, 0.907 to 3.041)., Conclusions: Our analysis showed that BC alone was associated with lower in-hospital mortality rates in TBI patients. DC with BC had decreased the requirement of mechanical ventilation. However, larger multi-centric studies from other parts of the world are required to confirm these findings., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Magnetite mining is a significant contributor to land deterioration as well as HM-based soil contamination. The characteristics of magnetite mine tailing were examined in the present study, in addition to the positive and sustainable restoration strategy with Bougainvillaea glabra under the influence of Thiobacillus ferroxidance. The traits of test soil analysis findings demonstrated that the majority of the parameters exceeded the allowable limits (For instance: HMs such as Cr, Cu, Zn, Pb, Fe, and Co were found to be 208 ± 2.3, 131.43 ± 1.6, 185.41 ± 3.3, 312 ± 5.11, 956 ± 5.3, and 26.89 ± 2.43 mg kg -1 respectively). T. ferroxidance exhibited impressive HMs tolerance for as much as 800 g mL -1 concentrations of Cr, Cu, Zn, Pb, Fe, and Co. To prevent HMs toxic effects, the HMs contents in test soil were decreased by diluting with normal soil in the ratios of Ex-3 and Ex-2. A typical greenhouse study was carried out to assess the phytoremediation ability of B. glabra across six setups for experiments (Ex-1 to Ex-6). According to the findings of this research, the HMs tolerant T. ferroxidance from Ex-3 and Ex-2 had an outstanding impact on the growth, biomolecules level (such as chlorophylls: 65.84 & 41.1 mg g -1 , proteins: 165.1 & 151.1 mg g -1 , as well as carbohydrates: 227.4 & 159.3 mg g -1 ) as well as phytoremediation potential of B. glabra on magnetite mine soil. These findings indicated that a mixture of B. glabra as well as T. ferroxidance might serve as a valuable sustainable agent for removing HMs from contaminated soil., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women across the globe. In order to treat breast cancer successfully, it is crucial to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the condition during its initial stages. Although mammogram screening has long been a common method of breast cancer screening, high rates of type I error and type II error results as well as radiation exposure have always been of concern. The outgrowth cancer mortality rate is primarily due to delayed diagnosis, which occurs most frequently in a metastatic III or IV stage, resulting in a poor prognosis after therapy. Traditional detection techniques require identifying carcinogenic properties of cells, such as DNA or RNA alterations, conformational changes and overexpression of certain proteins, and cell shape, which are referred to as biomarkers or analytes. These procedures are complex, long-drawn-out, and expensive. Biosensors have recently acquired appeal as low-cost, simple, and super sensitive detection methods for analysis. The biosensor approach requires the existence of biomarkers in the sample. Thus, the development of novel molecular markers for diverse forms of cancer is a rising complementary affair. These biosensor devices offer two major advantages: (1) a tiny amount of blood collected from the patient is sufficient for analysis, and (2) it could help clinicians swiftly select and decide on the best therapy routine for the individual. This review will include updates on prospective cancer markers and biosensors in cancer diagnosis, as well as the associated detection limitations, with a focus on biosensor development for marker detection., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera litura and cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) are important pests of various agricultural crops that cause sevier economic loses throughout the world. Indiscriminate and frequent use of insecticide may lead to development of resistance in these pests. Nanotechnology has given an alternative to manage and overcome insecticide resistance for pest management strategies. In the present study the iron nanoparticles derived from Trigonella foenum-graecum leaf extract (FeNPs) was investigated for its ecofriendly management of pyrethroid resistance in two lepidopteron pest species at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h post treatment. The result showed high mortality (92.83% and 91.41%) of S. litura and H. armigera at 72 h treatment upon FeNPs and fenvalerate (Fen + FeNPs) teratment. Probit analysis revealed high LC 50 upon Fen + FeNPs treatment (130.31 and 89.32 mg/L) with a synergism ratio of 1.38 and 1.36. Antifeedant activity of six dofferent concentration of FeNPs revelaed increased antifeedant activity with respect to increasing concentration of nanoparticles ranging from 10 to 90% and 20-95% againt both insects (p<0.05). Detoxification activity of carboxylesterase was elevated at 630 μmol/mg protein/min (p<0.05) in fenvalerate treatment, whereas decreased activity was found (392umole/mg protein/min) in FeNPs and Fen + FeNPs treatment (P<0.001). GST and P450 activity was also increased in fenvalerate treatment, whereas decreased activity was observed in FeNPs and Fen + FeNPs. Esterase isoenzyme banding pattern revealed four bands in fenvalerate treatment and two bans (E3 and E4) in Fen + FeNPs combination. Hence the present study concludes that T. foenum-graecum synthesized iron nanoparticles could be an effective alternate for ecofriendly management of S. litura and H. armigera., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Studies have investigating the detoxification and antioxidant enzymes with melatonin under pesticide stress in many vertebrates, whereas no reports produced in invertebrates. In this study possible role of melatonin and luzindole effect on fipronil toxicity and the detoxification, antioxidant enzymes in H. armigera has been reported. Result showed high toxicity of fipronil treatment (LC 50 4.24 ppm), followed by increased LC 50 value with melatonin pretreatment (6.44 ppm). Whereas decreased toxicity was observed with melatonin and luzindole combination (3.72 ppm). The detoxification enzymes AChE, esterase and P450 were increased in larval head and whole body with exogenous melatonin level compared to control 1-1.5 μmol/mg of protein. The antioxidant levels of CAT, SOD and GST in whole body and head tissue had been increased by melatonin and fipronil combination 1.1-1.4 unit/mg of protein followed by GPx and GR in larval head (1-1.2 μmol/mg of protein). Mean while the luzindole antagonist inhibits CAT, SOD, GST and GR oxidative enzyme level (1-1.5 fold) in most of the tissue compared to melatonin and fipronil treatment (p < 0.01). Hence this study concludes that the melatonin pretreatment can reduce the fipronil toxicity by enhanced detoxification and antioxidant enzyme system in H. armigera., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

"Reverse cortical sign" is a rare entity described in lumbar burst fracture that corresponds to the fracture fragment of the posterior wall of vertebral body, which has rotated 180 degrees with the cortical surface facing anteriorly and the cancellous surface facing posteriorly in the canal. Identifying this sign is crucial in deciding the line of management as it is a contraindication for ligamentotaxis. The advent of computed tomography scans with axial and sagittal reconstruction has allowed us to better describe these rare entities. We present a lumbar burst fracture with a reverse cortical sign describing its appearance in axial computed tomography scans, sagittal reconstruction, and magnetic resonance imaging., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

This study aims to develop an eco-friendly method for rapidly synthesizing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Asafoetida ethanol extracts and to validate AgNPs synthesis using UV-vis spectroscopy (absorption spectrum), FTIR (functional groups), XRD (crystallinity), FE-SEM (size of the particles) and SEM-EDAX (Purity). Furthermore, to evaluate the anti-proliferative effect of Ag NPs against grown cultured L6 cell lines, studies have shown that AgNPs biosynthesis inhibits cancer cell growth compared to control cell lines. UV-vis absorption verified the existence of Ag NPs, and the spectrum was observed at 480 nm. Functional groups are present in the synthesized Ag NPs were shifted on 528.48 cm -1 confirmed using an FT-IR spectrum. Consequently, anti-cancer efficacy observed the IC 50 value of As Ag NPs against L6 cells was 1.0 μg/mL for 48 h. Finally, using a halogen lamp, studies explored the photocatalytic degradation of AgNPs against the methylene blue radioactive dye and achieved a 96 percent degradation rate in 90 min. Asafoetida mediated silver nanoparticles show grater photodegradation for methylene blue dye, which is present in textile industries, when exposed to solar light, and it has a wide range of potential applications in wastewater treatment. As a whole, biosynthesized silver nanoparticles showed excellent cytotoxic, antioxidant, and photocatalytic dye degradation effects., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Expression of Regulated endocrine specific protein 18 (Resp18) is localized in numerous tissues and cell types; however, its exact cellular function is unknown. We previously showed that targeted disruption of the Resp18 locus in the Dahl SS (SS) rat (Resp18 mutant ) results in higher blood pressure (BP), increased renal fibrosis, increased urinary protein excretion, and decreased mean survival time following a chronic (6 weeks) 2% high salt (HS) diet compared with the SS rat. Based on this prominent renal injury phenotype, we hypothesized that targeted disruption of Resp18 in the SS rat promotes an early onset hypertensive-signaling event through altered signatures of the renal transcriptome in response to HS. To test this hypothesis, both SS and Resp18 mutant rats were exposed to a 7-day 2% HS diet and BP was recorded by radiotelemetry. After a 7-day exposure to the HS diet, systolic BP was significantly increased in the Resp18 mutant rat compared with the SS rat throughout the circadian cycle. Therefore, we sought to investigate the renal transcriptomic response to HS in the Resp18 mutant rat. Using RNA sequencing, Resp18 mutant rats showed a differential expression of 25 renal genes, including upregulation of Ren. Upregulation of renal Ren and other differentially expressed genes were confirmed via qRT-PCR. Moreover, circulating renin activity was significantly higher in the Resp18 mutant rat compared with the WT SS rat after 7 days on HS. Collectively, these observations demonstrate that disruption of the Resp18 gene in the SS rat is associated with an altered renal transcriptomics signature as an early response to salt load., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Several independent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have indicated that calcium (Ca 2+ ) voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit beta 2 (CACNB2) an L-type Ca 2+ channel (LTCC) associated protein has strong association with hypertension. However, the molecular mechanism of CACNB2 and its role in the pathophysiology of hypertension is not clear. To address this knowledge gap, we utilized in vitro and in vivo approaches using HEK293 cells and genetically hypertensive, Dahl Salt-Sensitive (SS) rats. We demonstrated that CACNB2 over-expression in HEK293 cells triggers cell proliferation via an up-regulation of the RAS-MAPK pathway compared to non-transfected cells. These effects were likely independent of LTCC activity as treatment with nifedipine, a well-known LTCC blocker, in CACNB2 overexpressing cells failed to inhibit the RAS-MAPK pathway gene expressions or show an effect on apoptosis marker gene expression. Furthermore, the expression level of CACNB2 was up-regulated in the high salt (HS) diet fed SS rat kidneys compared to low salt diet (LS) fed group. Similar to our in vitro observation the RAS-MAPK mRNA levels were increased in HS fed SS rat kidneys, compared to LS fed group. Collectively, our data suggest that CACNB2 is associated with the increase in RAS-MAPK gene expressions and lead us to speculate that in addition to its role in regulating LTCC α 1 -subunit trafficking, CACNB2 might lead to aberrant RAS activation, which is one of the key cascade associated with hypertension., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Chicken Ovalbumin Upstream Promoter Transcription Factor II (COUP-TFII) is an orphan member of the nuclear receptor family of transcriptional regulators. Although hormonal activation of COUP-TFII has not yet been identified, rodent genetic models have uncovered vital and diverse roles for COUP-TFII in biological processes. These include control of cardiac function and angiogenesis, reproduction, neuronal development, cell fate and organogenesis. Recently, an emerging body of evidence has demonstrated COUP-TFII involvement in various metabolic systems such as adipogenesis, lipid metabolism, hepatic gluconeogenesis, insulin secretion, and regulation of blood pressure. The potential relevance of these observations to human pathology has been corroborated by the identification of single nucleotide polymorphism in the human COUP-TFII promoter controlling insulin sensitivity. Of particular interest to metabolism is the ability of COUP-TFII to interact with the Glucocorticoid Receptor (GR). This interaction is known to control gluconeogenesis, principally through direct binding of COUP-TFII/GR complexes to the promoters of gluconeogenic enzyme genes. However, it is likely that this interaction is critical to other metabolic processes, since GR, like COUP-TFII, is an essential regulator of adipogenesis, insulin sensitivity, and blood pressure. This review will highlight these unique roles of COUP-TFII in metabolic gene regulation., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

High blood pressure is a common cause of chronic kidney disease. Because CD40, a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family, has been linked to the progression of kidney disease in ischemic nephropathy, we studied the role of Cd40 in the development of hypertensive renal disease. The Cd40 gene was mutated in the Dahl S genetically hypertensive rat with renal disease by targeted-gene disruption using zinc-finger nuclease technology. These rats were then given low (0.3%) and high (2%) salt diets and compared. The resultant Cd40 mutants had significantly reduced levels of both urinary protein excretion (41.8 ± 3.1 mg/24 h vs. 103.7 ± 4.3 mg/24 h) and plasma creatinine (0.36 ± 0.05 mg/dl vs. 1.15 ± 0.19 mg/dl), with significantly higher creatinine clearance compared with the control S rats (3.04 ± 0.48 ml/min vs. 0.93 ± 0.15 ml/min), indicating renoprotection was conferred by mutation of the Cd40 locus. Furthermore, the Cd40 mutants had a significant attenuation in renal fibrosis, which persisted on the high salt diet. However, there was no difference in systolic blood pressure between the control and Cd40 mutant rats. Thus, these data serve as the first evidence for a direct link between Cd40 and hypertensive nephropathy. Hence, renal fibrosis is one of the underlying mechanisms by which Cd40 plays a crucial role in the development of hypertensive renal disease., Competing Interests: All authors declared no competing interests., (Copyright © 2016 International Society of Nephrology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)