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Objective: To compare cognition and brain function in elderly Tai Chi and Water Aerobics practitioners., Methods: Eight Tai Chi (TC) and 8 Water Aerobics (WA) practitioners matched by gender, education and age underwent neuropsychological and fMRI scan during attention (Stroop Word Color Task) and working memory (N Back) tasks., Results: Groups were similar for demographic and cognitive variables. Besides anxiety (smaller in TC group), there were no differences between groups in neuropsychological variables. During the Stroop Word Color Task, TC group had smaller brain activation in the right intracalcarine cortex, lateral occipital cortex, and occipital pole, than WA. During N back, TC group presented smaller brain activation in the right frontal pole and superior frontal gyrus., Conclusion: Despite the small number of participants in this preliminary study, both groups had similar cognitive performance, however the Tai Chi group required less brain activation to perform the attention and memory tasks, therefore they may have a more efficient cognitive performance than Water Aerobics group., (Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Context: Mindfulness meditation has been shown to effectively mitigate the negative effects of stress among nursing professionals, but in countries like Brazil, these practices are relatively unexplored., Objective: To evaluate the effects of a Stress Reduction Program (SRP) including mindfulness and loving kindness meditation among nursing professionals working in a Brazilian hospital setting., Design: Pilot study with a mixed model using quantitative and qualitative methods was used to evaluate a group of participants. The quantitative data were analyzed at three different time points: pre-intervention, post-intervention, and follow-up. The qualitative data were analyzed at post-intervention., Setting: Hospital São Paulo (Brazil)., Participants: Sample 13 nursing professionals, including nurses, technicians, and nursing assistants working in a hospital., Intervention: Participants underwent mindfulness and loving kindness meditation during a period of six weeks., Instruments: Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), Self-Compassion Scale (SCS), WHOQOL-BREF quality of life assessment, and Work Stress Scale (WSS). Qualitative data were collected via a group interview following six weeks participation in the SRP., Results: The quantitative analyses revealed a significant reduction (P < .05) between pre-intervention and post-intervention scores for perceived stress, burnout, depression, and anxiety (trait). These variables showed no significant differences between post-intervention and follow-up scores. The WHOQOL-BREF revealed significant increase (P < .05) just in the physical and psychological domains at post-intervention scores, which remained at the follow-up. Qualitative results showed improvement in the reactivity to inner experience; a more attentive perception of internal and external experiences; greater attention and awareness of actions and attitudes at every moment; and a positive influence of the SRP in nursing activities., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Cognitive-behavioral therapy, as well as therapy based on exposure, are effective procedures in treating phobias. In the present paper, a brief protocol that includes both procedures was proposed and tested in subjects who presented fear symptoms of public speaking, one of the most prevalent fear symptoms, particularly in college students. After the procedure, 15-month follow-up, a significant improvement was observed. These results suggest that the brief protocol used in this experiment may be effective in relieving this kind of fear and represents evident advantages over longer methods of training or treatment.