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10. Investigation of deuterium trapping and release in the JET divertor during the third ILW campaign using TDS

Author

JET Contributors, Likonen, J., Heinola, K., De Backer, A., Baron-Wiechec, A., Catarino, N., Jepu, I., Ayres, C. F., Coad, P., Matthews, G. F., Widdowson, A., Abduallev, S., Abhangi, M., Abreu, P., Afzal, M., Aggarwal, K. M., Ahlgren, T., Ahn, J. H., Aho-Mantila, L., Aiba, N., Airila, M., Albanese, R., Aldred, V., Alegre, D., Alessi, E., Aleynikov, P., Alfier, A., Alkseev, A., Allinson, M., Alper, B., Alves, E., Ambrosino, G., Ambrosino, R., Amicucci, L., Amosov, V., Sunden, E. Andersson, Angelone, M., Anghel, M., Angioni, C., Appel, L., Appelbee, C., Arena, P., Ariola, M., Arnichand, H., Arshad, S., Ash, A., Ashikawa, N., Aslanyan, V., Asunta, O., Auriemma, F., Austin, Y., Avotina, L., Axton, M. D., Ayres, C., Bacharis, M., Baciero, A., Baiao, D., Bailey, S., Baker, A., Balboa, I., Balden, M., Balshaw, N., Bament, R., Banks, J. W., Baranov, Y. F., Barnard, M. A., Barnes, D., Barnes, M., Barnsley, R., Wiechec, A. Baron, Orte, L. Barrera, Baruzzo, M., Basiuk, V., Bassan, M., Bastow, R., Batista, A., Batistoni, P., Baughan, R., Bauvir, B., Baylor, L., Bazylev, B., Beal, J., Beaumont, P. S., Beckers, M., Beckett, B., Becoulet, A., Bekris, N., Beldishevski, M., Bell, K., Belli, F., Bellinger, M., Belonohy, E., Ben Ayed, N., Benterman, N. A., Bergsaker, H., Bernardo, J., Bernert, M., Berry, M., Bertalot, L., Besliu, C., Beurskens, M., Bieg, B., Bielecki, J., Biewer, T., Bigi, M., Bilkova, P., Binda, F., Bisoffi, A., Bizarro, J. P. S., Bjorkas, C., Blackburn, J., Blackman, K., Blackman, T. R., Blanchard, P., Blatchford, P., Bobkov, V., Boboc, A., Bodnar, G., Bogar, O., Bolshakova, I., Bolzonella, T., Bonanomi, N., Bonelli, F., Boom, J., Booth, J., Borba, D., Borodin, D., Borodkina, I., Botrugno, A., Bottereau, C., Boulting, P., Bourdelle, C., Bowden, M., Bower, C., Bowman, C., Boyce, T., Boyd, C., Boyer, H. J., Bradshaw, J. M. A., Braic, V., Bravanec, R., Breizman, B., Bremond, S., Brennan, P. D., Breton, S., Brett, A., Brezinsek, S., Bright, M. D. J., Brix, M., Broeckx, W., Brombin, M., Broslawski, A., Brown, D. P. D., Brown, M., Bruno, E., Bucalossi, J., Buch, J., Buchanan, J., Buckley, M. A., Budny, R., Bufferand, H., Bulman, M., Bulmer, N., Bunting, P., Buratti, P., Burckhart, A., Buscarino, A., Busse, A., Butler, N. K., Bykov, I., Byrne, J., Cahyna, P., Calabro, G., Calvo, I., Camenen, Y., Camp, P., Campling, D. C., Cane, J., Cannas, B., Capel, A. J., Card, P. J., Cardinali, A., Carman, P., Carr, M., Carralero, D., Carraro, L., Carvalho, B. B., Carvalho, I., Carvalho, P., Casson, F. J., Castaldo, C., Caumont, J., Causa, F., Cavazzana, R., Cave-Ayland, K., Cavinato, M., Cecconello, M., Ceccuzzi, S., Cecil, E., Cenedese, A., Cesario, R., Challis, C. D., Chandler, M., Chandra, D., Chang, C. S., Chankin, A., Chapman, I. T., Chapman, S. C., Chernyshova, M., Chitarin, G., Ciraolo, G., Ciric, D., Citrin, J., Clairet, F., Clark, E., Clark, M., Clarkson, R., Clatworthy, D., Clements, C., Cleverly, M., Coad, J. P., Coates, P. A., Cobalt, A., Coccorese, V., Cocilovo, V., Coda, S., Coelho, R., Coenen, J. W., Coffey, I., Colas, L., Collins, S., Conka, D., Conroy, S., Conway, N., Coombs, D., Cooper, D., Cooper, S. R., Corradino, C., Corre, Y., Corrigan, G., Cortes, S., Coster, D., Couchman, A. S., Cox, M. P., Craciunescu, T., Cramp, S., Craven, R., Crisanti, F., Croci, G., Croft, D., Crombe, K., Crowe, R., Cruz, N., Cseh, G., Cufar, A., Cullen, A., Curuia, M., Czarnecka, A., Dabirikhah, H., Dalgliesh, P., Dalley, S., Dankowski, J., Darrow, D., Davies, O., Davis, W., Day, C., Day, I. E., De Bock, M., Castro, A. de, Cal, E. de la, Luna, E. de la, De Masi, G., Pablos, J. L. de, Temmerman, G., De, De Tommasi, G., Vries, P. de, Deakin, K., Deane, J., Agostini, F. Degli, Dejarnac, R., Delabie, E., Harder, N. den, Dendy, R. O., Denis, J., Denner, P., Devaux, S., Devynck, P., Di Maio, F., Di Siena, A., Di Troia, C., Dinca, P., D’Inca, R., Ding, B., Dittmar, T., Doerk, H., Doerner, R. P., Donne, T., Dorling, S. E., Dormido-Canto, S., Doswon, S., Douai, D., Doyle, P. T., Drenik, A., Drewelow, P., Drews, P., Duckworth, Ph, Dumont, R., Dumortier, P., Dunai, D., Dunne, M., Duran, I., Durodie, F., Dutta, P., Duval, B. P., Dux, R., Dylst, K., Dzysiuk, N., Edappala, P. V., Edmond, J., Edwards, A. M., Edwards, J., Eich, Th, Ekedahl, A., El-Jorf, R., Elsmore, C. G., Enachescu, M., Ericsson, G., Eriksson, F., Eriksson, J., Eriksson, L. G., Esposito, B., Esquembri, S., Esser, H. G., Esteve, D., Evans, B., Evans, G. E., Evison, G., Ewart, G. D., Fagan, D., Faitsch, M., Falie, D., Fanni, A., Fasoli, A., Faustin, J. M., Fawlk, N., Fazendeiro, L., Fedorczak, N., Felton, R. C., Fenton, K., Fernades, A., Fernandes, H., Ferreira, J., Fessey, J. A., Fevrier, O., Ficker, O., Field, A., Fietz, S., Figueiredo, A., Figueiredo, J., Fil, A., Finburg, P., Firdaouss, M., Fischer, U., Fittill, L., Fitzgerald, M., Flammini, D., Flanagan, J., Fleming, C., Flinders, K., Fonnesu, N., Fontdecaba, J. M., Formisano, A., Forsythe, L., Fortuna, L., Fortuna-Zalesna, E., Fortune, M., Foster, S., Franke, T., Franklin, T., Frasca, M., Frassinetti, L., Freisinger, M., Fresa, R., Frigione, D., Fuchs, V., Fuller, D., Futatani, S., Fyvie, J., Gal, K., Galassi, D., Galazka, K., Galdon-Quiroga, J., Gallagher, J., Gallart, D., Galvao, R., Gao, X., Gao, Y., Garcia, J., Garcia-Carrasco, A., Garcia-Munoz, M., Gardarein, J.-L., Garzotti, L., Gaudio, P., Gauthier, E., Gear, D. F., Gee, S. J., Geiger, B., Gelfusa, M., Gerasimov, S., Gervasini, G., Gethins, M., Ghani, Z., Ghate, M., Gherendi, M., Giacalone, J. C., Giacomelli, L., Gibson, C. S., Giegerich, T., Gil, C., Gil, L., Gilligan, S., Gin, D., Giovannozzi, E., Girardo, J. B., Giroud, C., Giruzzi, G., Gloeggler, S., Godwin, J., Goff, J., Gohil, P., Goloborod’ko, V., Gomes, R., Goncalves, B., Goniche, M., Goodliffe, M., Goodyear, A., Gorini, G., Gosk, M., Goulding, R., Goussarov, A., Gowland, R., Graham, B., Graham, M. E., Graves, J. P., Grazier, N., Grazier, P., Green, N. R., Greuner, H., Grierson, B., Griph, F. S., Grisolia, C., Grist, D., Groth, M., Grove, R., Grundy, C. N., Grzonka, J., Guard, D., Guerard, C., Guillemaut, C., Guirlet, R., Gurl, C., Utoh, H. H., Hackett, L. J., Hacquin, S., Hagar, A., Hager, R., Hakola, A., Halitovs, M., Hall, S. J., Cook, S. P. Hallworth, Hamlyn-Harris, C., Hammond, K., Harrington, C., Harrison, J., Harting, D., Hasenbeck, F., Hatano, Y., Hatch, D. R., Haupt, T. D. V., Hawes, J., Hawkes, N. C., Hawkins, J., Hawkins, P., Haydon, P. W., Hayter, N., Hazel, S., Heesterman, P. J. L., Hellesen, C., Hellsten, T., Helou, W., Hemming, O. N., Hender, T. C., Henderson, M., Henderson, S. S., Henriques, R., Hepple, D., Hermon, G., Hertout, P., Hidalgo, C., Highcock, E. G., Hill, M., Hillairet, J., Hillesheim, J., Hillis, D., Hizanidis, K., Hjalmarsson, A., Hobirk, J., Hodille, E., Hogben, C. H. A., Hogeweij, G. M. D., Hollingsworth, A., Hollis, S., Homfray, D. A., Horacek, J., Hornung, G., Horton, A. R., Horton, L. D., Horvath, L., Hotchin, S. P., Hough, M. R., Howarth, P. J., Hubbard, A., Huber, A., Huber, V., Huddleston, T. M., Hughes, M., Huijsmans, G. T. A., Hunter, C. L., Huynh, P., Hynes, A. M., Iglesias, D., Imazawa, N., Imbeaux, F., Imrisek, M., Incelli, M., Innocente, P., Irishkin, M., Ivanova-Stanik, I., Jachmich, S., Jacobsen, A. S., Jacquet, P., Jansons, J., Jardin, A., Jarvinen, A., Jaulmes, F., Jednorog, S., Jenkins, I., Jeong, C., Joffrin, E., Johnson, R., Johnson, T., Johnston, Jane, Joita, L., Jones, G., Jones, T. T. C., Hoshino, K. K., Kallenbach, A., Kamiya, K., Kaniewski, J., Kantor, A., Kappatou, A., Karhunen, J., Karkinsky, D., Karnowska, I., Kaufman, M., Kaveney, G., Kazakov, Y., Kazantzidis, V., Keeling, D. L., Keenan, T., Keep, J., Kempenaars, M., Kennedy, C., Kenny, D., Kent, J., Kent, O. N., Khilkevich, E., Kim, H. T., Kim, H. S., Kinch, A., King, C., King, D., King, R. F., Kinna, D. J., Kiptily, V., Kirk, A., Kirov, K., Kirschner, A., Kizane, G., Klepper, C., Klix, A., Knight, P., Knipe, S. J., Knott, S., Kobuchi, T., Koechl, F., Kocsis, G., Kodeli, I., Kogan, L., Kogut, D., Koivuranta, S., Kominis, Y., Koeppen, M., Kos, B., Koskela, T., Koslowski, H. R., Koubiti, M., Kovari, M., Kowalska-Strzeciwilk, E., Krasilnikov, A., Krasilnikov, V., Krawczyk, N., Kresina, M., Krieger, K., Krivska, A., Kruezi, U., Ksiazek, I., Kukushkin, A., Kundu, A., Kurki-Suonio, T., Kwak, S., Kwiatkowski, R., Kwon, O. J., Laguardia, L., Lahtinen, A., Laing, A., Lam, N., Lambertz, H. T., Lane, C., Lang, P. T., Lanthaler, S., Lapins, J., Lasa, A., Last, J. R., Laszynska, E., Lawless, R., Lawson, A., Lawson, K. D., Lazaros, A., Lazzaro, E., Leddy, J., Lee, S., Lefebvre, X., Leggate, H. J., Lehmann, J., Lehnen, M., Leichtle, D., Leichuer, P., Leipold, F., Lengar, I., Lennholm, M., Lerche, E., Lescinskis, A., Lesnoj, S., Letellier, E., Leyland, M., Leysen, W., Li, L., Liang, Y., Linke, J., Linsmeier, Ch, Lipschultz, B., Liu, G., Liu, Y., Lo Schiavo, V. P., Loarer, T., Loarte, A., Lobel, R. C., Lomanowski, B., Lomas, P. J., Lonnroth, J., Lopez, J. M., Lopez-Razola, J., Lorenzini, R., Losada, U., Lovell, J. J., Loving, A. B., Lowry, C., Luce, T., Lucock, R. M. A., Lukin, A., Luna, C., Lungaroni, M., Lungu, C. P., Lungu, M., Lunniss, A., Lupelli, I., Lyssoivan, A., Macdonald, N., Macheta, P., Maczewa, K., Magesh, B., Maget, P., Maggi, C., Maier, H., Mailloux, J., Makkonen, T., Makwana, R., Malaquias, A., Malizia, A., Manas, P., Manning, A., Manso, M. E., Mantica, P., Mantsinen, M., Manzanares, A., Maquet, Ph, Marandet, Y., Marcenko, N., Marchetto, C., Marchuk, O., Marinelli, M., Marinucci, M., Markovic, T., Marocco, D., Marot, L., Marren, C. A., Marshal, R., Martin, A., Martin, Y., Martin de Aguilera, A., Martinez, F. J., Martin-Solis, J. R., Martynova, Y., Maruyama, S., Masiello, A., Maslov, M., Matejcik, S., Mattei, M., Maviglia, F., Mayer, M., Mayoral, M. L., May-Smith, T., Mazon, D., Mazzotta, C., McAdams, R., McCarthy, P. J., McClements, K. G., McCormack, O., McCullen, P. A., McDonald, D., McIntosh, S., McKean, R., McKehon, J., Meadows, R. C., Meakins, A., Medina, F., Medland, M., Medley, S., Meigh, S., Meigs, A. G., Meisl, G., Meitner, S., Meneses, L., Menmuir, S., Mergia, K., Merrigan, I. R., Mertens, Ph, Meshchaninov, S., Messiaen, A., Meyer, H., Mianowski, S., Michling, R., Middleton-Gear, D., Miettunen, J., Militello, F., Militello-Asp, E., Miloshevsky, G., Mink, F., Minucci, S., Miyoshi, Y., Mlynar, J., Molina, D., Monakhov, I., Moneti, M., Mooney, R., Moradi, S., Mordijck, S., Moreira, L., Moreno, R., Moro, F., Morris, A. W., Morris, J., Moser, L., Mosher, S., Moulton, D., Murari, A., Muraro, A., Murphy, S., Asakura, N. N., Na, Y. S., Nabais, F., Naish, R., Nakano, T., Nardon, E., Naulin, V., Nave, M. F. F., Nedzelski, I., Nemtsev, G., Nespoli, F., Neto, A., Neu, R., Neverov, V. S., Newman, M., Nicholls, K. J., Nicolas, T., Nielsen, A. H., Nielsen, P., Nilsson, E., Nishijima, D., Noble, C., Nocente, M., Nodwell, D., Nordlund, K., Nordman, H., Nouailletas, R., Nunes, I., Oberkofler, M., Odupitan, T., Ogawa, M. T., O’Gorman, T., Okabayashi, M., Olney, R., Omolayo, O., O’Mullane, M., Ongena, J., Orsitto, F., Orszagh, J., Oswuigwe, B. I., Otin, R., Owen, A., Paccagnella, R., Pace, N., Pacella, D., Packer, L. W., Page, A., Pajuste, E., Palazzo, S., Pamela, S., Panja, S., Papp, P., Paprok, R., Parail, V., Park, M., Diaz, F. Parra, Parsons, M., Pasqualotto, R., Patel, A., Pathak, S., Paton, D., Patten, H., Pau, A., Pawelec, E., Soldan, C. Paz, Peackoc, A., Pearson, I. J., Pehkonen, S.-P., Peluso, E., Penot, C., Pereira, A., Pereira, R., Puglia, P. P. Pereira, Thun, C. Perez von, Peruzzo, S., Peschanyi, S., Peterka, M., Petersson, P., Petravich, G., Petre, A., Petrella, N., Petrzilka, V., Peysson, Y., Pfefferle, D., Philipps, V., Pillon, M., Pintsuk, G., Piovesan, P., Pires dos Reis, A., Piron, L., Pironti, A., Pisano, F., Pitts, R., Pizzo, F., Plyusnin, V., Pomaro, N., Pompilian, O. G., Pool, P. J., Popovichev, S., Porfiri, M. T., Porosnicu, C., Porton, M., Possnert, G., Potzel, S., Powell, T., Pozzi, J., Prajapati, V., Prakash, R., Prestopino, G., Price, D., Price, M., Price, R., Prior, P., Proudfoot, R., Pucella, G., Puglia, P., Puiatti, M. E., Pulley, D., Purahoo, K., Puetterich, Th, Rachlew, E., Rack, M., Ragona, R., Rainford, M. S. J., Rakha, A., Ramogida, G., Ranjan, S., Rapson, C. J., Rasmussen, J. J., Rathod, K., Ratta, G., Ratynskaia, S., Ravera, G., Rayner, C., Rebai, M., Reece, D., Reed, A., Refy, D., Regan, B., Regana, J., Reich, M., Reid, N., Reimold, F., Reinhart, M., Reinke, M., Reiser, D., Rendell, D., Reux, C., Reyes Cortes, S. D. A., Reynolds, S., Riccardo, V., Richardson, N., Riddle, K., Rigamonti, D., Rimini, F. G., Risner, J., Riva, M., Roach, C., Robins, R. J., Robinson, S. A., Robinson, T., Robson, D. W., Roccella, R., Rodionov, R., Rodrigues, P., Rodriguez, J., Rohde, V., Romanelli, F., Romanelli, M., Romanelli, S., Romazanov, J., Rowe, S., Rubel, M., Rubinacci, G., Rubino, G., Ruchko, L., Ruiz, M., Ruset, C., Rzadkiewicz, J., Saarelma, S., Sabot, R., Safi, E., Sagar, P., Saibene, G., Saint-Laurent, F., Salewski, M., Salmi, A., Salmon, R., Salzedas, F., Samaddar, D., Samm, U., Sandiford, D., Santa, P., Santala, M. I. K., Santos, B., Santucci, A., Sartori, F., Sartori, R., Sauter, O., Scannell, R., Schlummer, T., Schmid, K., Schmidt, V., Schmuck, S., Schneider, M., Schoepf, K., Schworer, D., Scott, S. D., Sergienko, G., Sertoli, M., Shabbir, A., Sharapov, S. E., Shaw, A., Shaw, R., Sheikh, H., Shepherd, A., Shevelev, A., Shumack, A., Sias, G., Sibbald, M., Sieglin, B., Silburn, S., Silva, A., Silva, C., Simmons, P. A., Simpson, J., Simpson-Hutchinson, J., Sinha, A., Sipila, S. K., Sips, A. C. C., Siren, P., Sirinelli, A., Sjostrand, H., Skiba, M., Skilton, R., Slabkowska, K., Slade, B., Smith, N., Smith, P. G., Smith, R., Smith, T. J., Smithies, M., Snoj, L., Soare, S., Solano, E. R., Somers, A., Sommariva, C., Sonato, P., Sopplesa, A., Sousa, J., Sozzi, C., Spagnolo, S., Spelzini, T., Spineanu, F., Stables, G., Stamatelatos, I., Stamp, M. F., Staniec, P., Stankunas, G., Stan-Sion, C., Stead, M. J., Stefanikova, E., Stepanov, I., Stephen, A. V., Stephen, M., Stevens, A., Stevens, B. D., Strachan, J., Strand, P., Strauss, H. R., Strom, P., Stubbs, G., Studholme, W., Subba, F., Summers, H. P., Svensson, J., Swiderski, L., Szabolics, T., Szawlowski, M., Szepesi, G., Suzuki, T. T., Tal, B., Tala, T., Talbot, A. R., Talebzadeh, S., Taliercio, C., Tamain, P., Tame, C., Tang, W., Tardocchi, M., Taroni, L., Taylor, D., Taylor, K. A., Tegnered, D., Telesca, G., Teplova, N., Terranova, D., Testa, D., Tholerus, E., Thomas, J., Thomas, J. D., Thomas, P., Thompson, A., Thompson, C.-A., Thompson, V. K., Thorne, L., Thornton, A., Thrysoe, A. S., Tigwell, P. A., Tipton, N., Tiseanu, I., Tojo, H., Tokitani, M., Tolias, P., Tomes, M., Tonner, P., Towndrow, M., Trimble, P., Tripsky, M., Tsalas, M., Tsavalas, P., Jun, D. Tskhakaya, Turner, I., Turner, M. M., Turnyanskiy, M., Tvalashvili, G., Tyrrell, S. G. J., Uccello, A., Ul-Abidin, Z., Uljanovs, J., Ulyatt, D., Urano, H., Uytdenhouwen, I., Vadgama, A. P., Valcarcel, D., Valentinuzzi, M., Valisa, M., Olivares, P. Vallejos, Valovic, M., Van De Mortel, M., Van Eester, D., Van Renterghem, W., Rooij, G. J. van, Varje, J., Varoutis, S., Vartanian, S., Vasava, K., Vasilopoulou, T., Vega, J., Verdoolaege, G., Verhoeven, R., Verona, C., Rinati, G. Verona, Veshchev, E., Vianello, N., Vicente, J., Viezzer, E., Villari, S., Villone, F., Vincenzi, P., Vinyar, I., Viola, B., Vitins, A., Vizvary, Z., Vlad, M., Voitsekhovitch, I., Vondracek, P., Vora, N., Vu, T., Pires de Sa, W. W., Wakeling, B., Waldon, C. W. F., Walkden, N., Walker, M., Walker, R., Walsh, M., Wang, E., Wang, N., Warder, S., Warren, R. J., Waterhouse, J., Watkins, N. W., Watts, C., Wauters, T., Weckmann, A., Weiland, J., Weisen, H., Weiszflog, M., Wellstood, C., West, A. T., Wheatley, M. R., Whetham, S., Whitehead, A. M., Whitehead, B. D., Widdowson, A. M., Wiesen, S., Wilkinson, J., Williams, J., Williams, M., Wilson, A. R., Wilson, D. J., Wilson, H. R., Wilson, J., Wischmeier, M., Withenshaw, G., Withycombe, A., Witts, D. M., Wood, D., Wood, R., Woodley, C., Wray, S., Wright, J., Wright, J. C., Wu, J., Wukitch, S., Wynn, A., Xu, T., Yadikin, D., Yanling, W., Yao, L., Yavorskij, V., Yoo, M. G., Young, C., Young, D., Young, I. D., Young, R., Zacks, J., Zagorski, R., Zaitsev, F. S., Zanino, R., Zarins, A., Zastrow, K. D., Zerbini, M., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., Zilli, E., Zoita, V., Zoletnik, S., Zychor, I., Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla. RNM138: Física Nuclear Aplicada, Department of Physics, and Materials Physics

Subjects
retention, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Technology and Engineering, Materials science, Materials Science (miscellaneous), RETENTION, TILES, Thermal desorption, Trapping, Mass spectrometry, 114 Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Fusion, plasma och rymdfysik, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, ta216, tiles, ta218, 010302 applied physics, Jet (fluid), ta114, Physics, Divertor, Fusion, Plasma and Space Physics, lcsh:TK9001-9401, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Deuterium, 13. Climate action, lcsh:Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, Atomic physics
Abstract

Selected set of samples from JET ITER-Like Wall (JET-ILW) divertor tiles exposed in 2015-2016 has been analysed using Thermal Desorption Spectrometry (TDS). The deuterium (D) amounts obtained with TDS were compared with Nuclear Reaction Analysis (NRA). The highest amount of D was found on the top part of inner divertor which has regions with the thickest deposited layers as for divertor tiles removed in 2014. This area resides deep in the scrape-off layer and plasma configurations for the second (ILW-2, 2013-2014) and the third (ILW-3, 2015-2016) JET-ILW campaigns were similar. Agreement between TDS and NRA is good on the apron of Tile 1 and on the upper vertical region whereas on the lower vertical region of Tile 1 the NRA results are clearly smaller than the TDS results. Inner divertor Tile 3 has somewhat less D than Tiles 0 and 1, and the D amount decreases towards the lower part of the tile. The D retention at the divertor inner and outer corner regions is not symmetric as there is more D retention poloidally at the inner than at the outer divertor corner. In most cases the TDS spectra for the ILW-3 samples are different from the corresponding ILW-2 spectra because HD and D-2 release occurs at higher temperatures than from the ILW-2 samples indicating that the low energy traps have been emptied during the plasma operations and that D is either in the energetically deep traps or located deeper in the sample. For complete list of authors see http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nme.2019.03.012

Published
2019

11. Tritium retention characteristics in dust particles in JET with ITER-like wall

Author

Otsuka, T., Masuzaki, S., Ashikawa, N., Hatano, Y., Asakura, Y., Suzuki, Tatsuya, Suzuki, Takumi, Isobe, K., Hayashi, T., Tokitani, M., Oya, Y., Hamaguchi, D., Kurotaki, H., Sakamoto, R., Tanigawa, Hiroyasu, Nakamichi, M., Widdowson, A., Rubel, M., Abduallev, S., Abhangi, M., Abreu, P., Afzal, M., Aggarwal, K. M., Ahlgren, T., Ahn, J. H., Aho-Mantila, L., Aiba, N., Airila, M., Albanese, R., Aldred, V., Alegre, D., Alessi, E., Aleynikov, P., Alfier, A., Alkseev, A., Allinson, M., Alper, B., Alves, E., Ambrosino, G., Ambrosino, R., Amicucci, L., Amosov, V., Sunden, E. Andersson, Angelone, M., Anghel, M., Angioni, C., Appel, L., Appelbee, C., Arena, P., Ariola, M., Arnichand, H., Arshad, S., Ash, A., Aslanyan, V., Asunta, O., Auriemma, F., Austin, Y., Avotina, L., Axton, M. D., Ayres, C., Bacharis, M., Baciero, A., Baiao, D., Bailey, S., Baker, A., Balboa, I., Balden, M., Balshaw, N., Bament, R., Banks, J. W., Baranov, Y. F., Barnard, M. A., Barnes, D., Barnes, M., Barnsley, R., Wiechec, A. Baron, Orte, L. Barrera, Baruzzo, M., Basiuk, V., Bassan, M., Bastow, R., Batista, A., Batistoni, P., Baughan, R., Bauvir, B., Baylor, L., Bazylev, B., Beal, J., Beaumont, P. S., Beckers, M., Beckett, B., Becoulet, A., Bekris, N., Beldishevski, M., Bell, K., Belli, F., Bellinger, M., Belonohy, E., Ben Ayed, N., Benterman, N. A., Bergsaker, H., Bernardo, J., Bernert, M., Berry, M., Bertalot, L., Besliu, C., Beurskens, M., Bieg, B., Bielecki, J., Biewer, T., Bigi, M., Bilkova, P., Binda, F., Bisoffi, A., Bizarro, J. P. S., Bjorkas, C., Blackburn, J., Blackman, K., Blackman, T. R., Blanchard, P., Blatchford, P., Bobkov, V., Boboc, A., Bodnar, G., Bogar, O., Bolshakova, I., Bolzonella, T., Bonanomi, N., Bonelli, F., Boom, J., Booth, J., Borba, D., Borodin, D., Borodkina, I., Botrugno, A., Bottereau, C., Boulting, P., Bourdelle, C., Bowden, M., Bower, C., Bowman, C., Boyce, T., Boyd, C., Boyer, H. J., Bradshaw, J. M. A., Braic, V., Bravanec, R., Breizman, B., Bremond, S., Brennan, P. D., Breton, S., Brett, A., Brezinsek, S., Bright, M. D. J., Brix, M., Broeckx, W., Brombin, M., Broslawski, A., Brown, D. P. D., Brown, M., Bruno, E., Bucalossi, J., Buch, J., Buchanan, J., Buckley, M. A., Budny, R., Bufferand, H., Bulman, M., Bulmer, N., Bunting, P., Buratti, P., Burckhart, A., Buscarino, A., Busse, A., Butler, N. K., Bykov, I., Byrne, J., Cahyna, P., Calabro, G., Calvo, I., Camenen, Y., Camp, P., Campling, D. C., Cane, J., Cannas, B., Capel, A. J., Card, P. J., Cardinali, A., Carman, P., Carr, M., Carralero, D., Carraro, L., Carvalho, B. B., Carvalho, I., Carvalho, P., Casson, F. J., Castaldo, C., Catarino, N., Caumont, J., Causa, F., Cavazzana, R., Cave-Ayland, K., Cavinato, M., Cecconello, M., Ceccuzzi, S., Cecil, E., Cenedese, A., Cesario, R., Challis, C. D., Chandler, M., Chandra, D., Chang, C. S., Chankin, A., Chapman, I. T., Chapman, S. C., Chernyshova, M., Chitarin, G., Ciraolo, G., Ciric, D., Citrin, J., Clairet, F., Clark, E., Clark, M., Clarkson, R., Clatworthy, D., Clements, C., Cleverly, M., Coad, J. P., Coates, P. A., Cobalt, A., Coccorese, V., Cocilovo, V., Coda, S., Coelho, R., Coenen, J. W., Coffey, I., Colas, L., Collins, S., Conka, D., Conroy, S., Conway, N., Coombs, D., Cooper, D., Cooper, S. R., Corradino, C., Corre, Y., Corrigan, G., Cortes, S., Coster, D., Couchman, A. S., Cox, M. P., Craciunescu, T., Cramp, S., Craven, R., Crisanti, F., Croci, G., Croft, D., Crombe, K., Crowe, R., Cruz, N., Cseh, G., Cufar, A., Cullen, A., Curuia, M., Czarnecka, A., Dabirikhah, H., Dalgliesh, P., Dalley, S., Dankowski, J., Darrow, D., Davies, O., Davis, W., Day, C., Day, I. E., De Bock, M., de Castro, A., de la Cal, E., de la Luna, E., De Masi, G., de Pablos, J. L., De Temmerman, G., De Tommasi, G., de Vries, P., Deakin, K., Deane, J., Agostini, F. Degli, Dejarnac, R., Delabie, E., den Harder, N., Dendy, R. O., Denis, J., Denner, P., Devaux, S., Devynck, P., Di Maio, F., Di Siena, A., Di Troia, C., Dinca, P., D'Inca, R., Ding, B., Dittmar, T., Doerk, H., Doerner, R. P., Donne, T., Dorling, S. E., Dormido-Canto, S., Doswon, S., Douai, D., Doyle, P. T., Drenik, A., Drewelow, P., Drews, P., Duckworth, Ph., Dumont, R., Dumortier, P., Dunai, D., Dunne, M., Duran, I., Durodie, F., Dutta, P., Duval, B. P., Dux, R., Dylst, K., Dzysiuk, N., Edappala, P. V., Edmond, J., Edwards, A. M., Edwards, J., Eich, Th., Ekedahl, A., El-Jorf, R., Elsmore, C. G., Enachescu, M., Ericsson, G., Eriksson, F., Eriksson, J., Eriksson, L. G., Esposito, B., Esquembri, S., Esser, H. G., Esteve, D., Evans, B., Evans, G. E., Evison, G., Ewart, G. D., Fagan, D., Faitsch, M., Falie, D., Fanni, A., Fasoli, A., Faustin, J. M., Fawlk, N., Fazendeiro, L., Fedorczak, N., Felton, R. C., Fenton, K., Fernades, A., Fernandes, H., Ferreira, J., Fessey, J. A., Fevrier, O., Ficker, O., Field, A., Fietz, S., Figueiredo, A., Figueiredo, J., Fil, A., Finburg, P., Firdaouss, M., Fischer, U., Fittill, L., Fitzgerald, M., Flammini, D., Flanagan, J., Fleming, C., Flinders, K., Fonnesu, N., Fontdecaba, J. M., Formisano, A., Forsythe, L., Fortuna, L., Fortuna-Zalesna, E., Fortune, M., Foster, S., Franke, T., Franklin, T., Frasca, M., Frassinetti, L., Freisinger, M., Fresa, R., Frigione, D., Fuchs, V., Fuller, D., Futatani, S., Fyvie, J., Gal, K., Galassi, D., Galazka, K., Galdon-Quiroga, J., Gallagher, J., Gallart, D., Galvao, R., Gao, X., Gao, Y., Garcia, J., Garcia-Carrasco, A., Garcia-Munoz, M., Gardarein, J. -L., Garzotti, L., Gaudio, P., Gauthier, E., Gear, D. F., Gee, S. J., Geiger, B., Gelfusa, M., Gerasimov, S., Gervasini, G., Gethins, M., Ghani, Z., Ghate, M., Gherendi, M., Giacalone, J. C., Giacomelli, L., Gibson, C. S., Giegerich, T., Gil, C., Gil, L., Gilligan, S., Gin, D., Giovannozzi, E., Girardo, J. B., Giroud, C., Giruzzi, G., Gloeggler, S., Godwin, J., Goff, J., Gohil, P., Goloborod'Ko, V., Gomes, R., Goncalves, B., Goniche, M., Goodliffe, M., Goodyear, A., Gorini, G., Gosk, M., Goulding, R., Goussarov, A., Gowland, R., Graham, B., Graham, M. E., Graves, J. P., Grazier, N., Grazier, P., Green, N. R., Greuner, H., Grierson, B., Griph, F. S., Grisolia, C., Grist, D., Groth, M., Grove, R., Grundy, C. N., Grzonka, J., Guard, D., Guerard, C., Guillemaut, C., Guirlet, R., Gurl, C., Utoh, H. H., Hackett, L. J., Hacquin, S., Hagar, A., Hager, R., Hakola, A., Halitovs, M., Hall, S. J., Cook, S. P. Hallworth, Hamlyn-Harris, C., Hammond, K., Harrington, C., Harrison, J., Harting, D., Hasenbeck, F., Hatch, D. R., Haupt, T. D. V., Hawes, J., Hawkes, N. C., Hawkins, J., Hawkins, P., Haydon, P. W., Hayter, N., Hazel, S., Heesterman, P. J. L., Heinola, K., Hellesen, C., Hellsten, T., Helou, W., Hemming, O. N., Hender, T. C., Henderson, M., Henderson, S. S., Henriques, R., Hepple, D., Hermon, G., Hertout, P., Hidalgo, C., Highcock, E. G., Hill, M., Hillairet, J., Hillesheim, J., Hillis, D., Hizanidis, K., Hjalmarsson, A., Hobirk, J., Hodille, E., Hogben, C. H. A., Hogeweij, G. M. D., Hollingsworth, A., Hollis, S., Homfray, D. A., Horacek, J., Hornung, G., Horton, A. R., Horton, L. D., Horvath, L., Hotchin, S. P., Hough, M. R., Howarth, P. J., Hubbard, A., Huber, A., Huber, V., Huddleston, T. M., Hughes, M., Huijsmans, G. T. A., Hunter, C. L., Huynh, P., Hynes, A. M., Iglesias, D., Imazawa, N., Imbeaux, F., Imrisek, M., Incelli, M., Innocente, P., Irishkin, M., Ivanova-Stanik, I., Jachmich, S., Jacobsen, A. S., Jacquet, P., Jansons, J., Jardin, A., Jarvinen, A., Jaulmes, F., Jednorog, S., Jenkins, I., Jeong, C., Jepu, I., Joffrin, E., Johnson, R., Johnson, T., Johnston, Jane, Joita, L., Jones, G., Jones, T. T. C., Hoshino, K. K., Kallenbach, A., Kamiya, K., Kaniewski, J., Kantor, A., Kappatou, A., Karhunen, J., Karkinsky, D., Karnowska, I., Kaufman, M., Kaveney, G., Kazakov, Y., Kazantzidis, V., Keeling, D. L., Keenan, T., Keep, J., Kempenaars, M., Kennedy, C., Kenny, D., Kent, J., Kent, O. N., Khilkevich, E., Kim, H. T., Kim, H. S., Kinch, A., King, C., King, D., King, R. F., Kinna, D. J., Kiptily, V., Kirk, A., Kirov, K., Kirschner, A., Kizane, G., Klepper, C., Klix, A., Knight, P., Knipe, S. J., Knott, S., Kobuchi, T., Koechl, F., Kocsis, G., Kodeli, I., Kogan, L., Kogut, D., Koivuranta, S., Kominis, Y., Koeppen, M., Kos, B., Koskela, T., Koslowski, H. R., Koubiti, M., Kovari, M., Kowalska-Strzeciwilk, E., Krasilnikov, A., Krasilnikov, V., Krawczyk, N., Kresina, M., Krieger, K., Krivska, A., Kruezi, U., Ksiazek, I., Kukushkin, A., Kundu, A., Kurki-Suonio, T., Kwak, S., Kwiatkowski, R., Kwon, O. J., Laguardia, L., Lahtinen, A., Laing, A., Lam, N., Lambertz, H. T., Lane, C., Lang, P. T., Lanthaler, S., Lapins, J., Lasa, A., Last, J. R., Laszynska, E., Lawless, R., Lawson, A., Lawson, K. D., Lazaros, A., Lazzaro, E., Leddy, J., Lee, S., Lefebvre, X., Leggate, H. J., Lehmann, J., Lehnen, M., Leichtle, D., Leichuer, P., Leipold, F., Lengar, I., Lennholm, M., Lerche, E., Lescinskis, A., Lesnoj, S., Letellier, E., Leyland, M., Leysen, W., Li, L., Liang, Y., Likonen, J., Linke, J., Linsmeier, Ch., Lipschultz, B., Liu, G., Liu, Y., Lo Schiavo, V. P., Loarer, T., Loarte, A., Lobel, R. C., Lomanowski, B., Lomas, P. J., Lonnroth, J., Lopez, J. M., Lopez-Razola, J., Lorenzini, R., Losada, U., Lovell, J. J., Loving, A. B., Lowry, C., Luce, T., Lucock, R. M. A., Lukin, A., Luna, C., Lungaroni, M., Lungu, C. P., Lungu, M., Lunniss, A., Lupelli, I., Lyssoivan, A., Macdonald, N., Macheta, P., Maczewa, K., Magesh, B., Maget, P., Maggi, C., Maier, H., Mailloux, J., Makkonen, T., Makwana, R., Malaquias, A., Malizia, A., Manas, P., Manning, A., Manso, M. E., Mantica, P., Mantsinen, M., Manzanares, A., Maquet, Ph., Marandet, Y., Marcenko, N., Marchetto, C., Marchuk, O., Marinelli, M., Marinucci, M., Markovic, T., Marocco, D., Marot, L., Marren, C. A., Marshal, R., Martin, A., Martin, Y., Martin de Aguilera, A., Martinez, F. J., Martin-Solis, J. R., Martynova, Y., Maruyama, S., Masiello, A., Maslov, M., Matejcik, S., Mattei, M., Matthews, G. F., Maviglia, F., Mayer, M., Mayoral, M. L., May-Smith, T., Mazon, D., Mazzotta, C., Mcadams, R., Mccarthy, P. J., Mcclements, K. G., Mccormack, O., Mccullen, P. A., Mcdonald, D., Mcintosh, S., Mckean, R., Mckehon, J., Meadows, R. C., Meakins, A., Medina, F., Medland, M., Medley, S., Meigh, S., Meigs, A. G., Meisl, G., Meitner, S., Meneses, L., Menmuir, S., Mergia, K., Merrigan, I. R., Mertens, Ph., Meshchaninov, S., Messiaen, A., Meyer, H., Mianowski, S., Michling, R., Middleton-Gear, D., Miettunen, J., Militello, F., Militello-Asp, E., Miloshevsky, G., Mink, F., Minucci, S., Miyoshi, Y., Mlynar, J., Molina, D., Monakhov, I., Moneti, M., Mooney, R., Moradi, S., Mordijck, S., Moreira, L., Moreno, R., Moro, F., Morris, A. W., Morris, J., Moser, L., Mosher, S., Moulton, D., Murari, A., Muraro, A., Murphy, S., Asakura, N. N., Y. S., Na, Nabais, F., Naish, R., Nakano, T., Nardon, E., Naulin, V., Nave, M. F. F., Nedzelski, I., Nemtsev, G., Nespoli, F., Neto, A., Neu, R., Neverov, V. S., Newman, M., Nicholls, K. J., Nicolas, T., Nielsen, A. H., Nielsen, P., Nilsson, E., Nishijima, D., Noble, C., Nocente, M., Nodwell, D., Nordlund, K., Nordman, H., Nouailletas, R., Nunes, I., Oberkofler, M., Odupitan, T., Ogawa, M. T., O'Gorman, T., Okabayashi, M., Olney, R., Omolayo, O., O'Mullane, M., Ongena, J., Orsitto, F., Orszagh, J., Oswuigwe, B. I., Otin, R., Owen, A., Paccagnella, R., Pace, N., Pacella, D., Packer, L. W., Page, A., Pajuste, E., Palazzo, S., Pamela, S., Panja, S., Papp, P., Paprok, R., Parail, V., Park, M., Diaz, F. Parra, Parsons, M., Pasqualotto, R., Patel, A., Pathak, S., Paton, D., Patten, H., Pau, A., Pawelec, E., Soldan, C. Paz, Peackoc, A., Pearson, I. J., Pehkonen, S. -P., Peluso, E., Penot, C., Pereira, A., Pereira, R., Puglia, P. P. Pereira, von Thun, C. Perez, Peruzzo, S., Peschanyi, S., Peterka, M., Petersson, P., Petravich, G., Petre, A., Petrella, N., Petrzilka, V., Peysson, Y., Pfefferle, D., Philipps, V., Pillon, M., Pintsuk, G., Piovesan, P., Pires dos Reis, A., Piron, L., Pironti, A., Pisano, F., Pitts, R., Pizzo, F., Plyusnin, V., Pomaro, N., Pompilian, O. G., Pool, P. J., Popovichev, S., Porfiri, M. T., Porosnicu, C., Porton, M., Possnert, G., Potzel, S., Powell, T., Pozzi, J., Prajapati, V., Prakash, R., Prestopino, G., Price, D., Price, M., Price, R., Prior, P., Proudfoot, R., Pucella, G., Puglia, P., Puiatti, M. E., Pulley, D., Purahoo, K., Puetterich, Th., Rachlew, E., Rack, M., Ragona, R., Rainford, M. S. J., Rakha, A., Ramogida, G., Ranjan, S., Rapson, C. J., Rasmussen, J. J., Rathod, K., Ratta, G., Ratynskaia, S., Ravera, G., Rayner, C., Rebai, M., Reece, D., Reed, A., Refy, D., Regan, B., Regana, J., Reich, M., Reid, N., Reimold, F., Reinhart, M., Reinke, M., Reiser, D., Rendell, D., Reux, C., Reyes Cortes, S. D. A., Reynolds, S., Riccardo, V., Richardson, N., Riddle, K., Rigamonti, D., Rimini, F. G., Risner, J., Riva, M., Roach, C., Robins, R. J., Robinson, S. A., Robinson, T., Robson, D. W., Roccella, R., Rodionov, R., Rodrigues, P., Rodriguez, J., Rohde, V., Romanelli, F., Romanelli, M., Romanelli, S., Romazanov, J., Rowe, S., Rubinacci, G., Rubino, G., Ruchko, L., Ruiz, M., Ruset, C., Rzadkiewicz, J., Saarelma, S., Sabot, R., Safi, E., Sagar, P., Saibene, G., Saint-Laurent, F., Salewski, M., Salmi, A., Salmon, R., Salzedas, F., Samaddar, D., Samm, U., Sandiford, D., Santa, P., Santala, M. I. K., Santos, B., Santucci, A., Sartori, F., Sartori, R., Sauter, O., Scannell, R., Schlummer, T., Schmid, K., Schmidt, V., Schmuck, S., Schneider, M., Schoepf, K., Schworer, D., Scott, S. D., Sergienko, G., Sertoli, M., Shabbir, A., Sharapov, S. E., Shaw, A., Shaw, R., Sheikh, H., Shepherd, A., Shevelev, A., Shumack, A., Sias, G., Sibbald, M., Sieglin, B., Silburn, S., Silva, A., Silva, C., Simmons, P. A., Simpson, J., Simpson-Hutchinson, J., Sinha, A., Sipila, S. K., Sips, A. C. C., Siren, P., Sirinelli, A., Sjostrand, H., Skiba, M., Skilton, R., Slabkowska, K., Slade, B., Smith, N., Smith, P. G., Smith, R., Smith, T. J., Smithies, M., Snoj, L., Soare, S., Solano, E. R., Somers, A., Sommariva, C., Sonato, P., Sopplesa, A., Sousa, J., Sozzi, C., Spagnolo, S., Spelzini, T., Spineanu, F., Stables, G., Stamatelatos, I., Stamp, M. F., Staniec, P., Stankunas, G., Stan-Sion, C., Stead, M. J., Stefanikova, E., Stepanov, I., Stephen, A. V., Stephen, M., Stevens, A., Stevens, B. D., Strachan, J., Strand, P., Strauss, H. R., Strom, P., Stubbs, G., Studholme, W., Subba, F., Summers, H. P., Svensson, J., Swiderski, L., Szabolics, T., Szawlowski, M., Szepesi, G., Suzuki, T. T., Tal, B., Tala, T., Talbot, A. R., Talebzadeh, S., Taliercio, C., Tamain, P., Tame, C., Tang, W., Tardocchi, M., Taroni, L., Taylor, D., Taylor, K. A., Tegnered, D., Telesca, G., Teplova, N., Terranova, D., Testa, D., Tholerus, E., Thomas, J., Thomas, J. D., Thomas, P., Thompson, A., Thompson, C. -A., Thompson, V. K., Thorne, L., Thornton, A., Thrysoe, A. S., Tigwell, P. A., Tipton, N., Tiseanu, I., Tojo, H., Tolias, P., Tomes, M., Tonner, P., Towndrow, M., Trimble, P., Tripsky, M., Tsalas, M., Tsavalas, P., Jun, D. Tskhakaya, Turner, I., Turner, M. M., Turnyanskiy, M., Tvalashvili, G., Tyrrell, S. G. J., Uccello, A., Ul-Abidin, Z., Uljanovs, J., Ulyatt, D., Urano, H., Uytdenhouwen, I., Vadgama, A. P., Valcarcel, D., Valentinuzzi, M., Valisa, M., Olivares, P. Vallejos, Valovic, M., Van De Mortel, M., Van Eester, D., Van Renterghem, W., van Rooij, G. J., Varje, J., Varoutis, S., Vartanian, S., Vasava, K., Vasilopoulou, T., Vega, J., Verdoolaege, G., Verhoeven, R., Verona, C., Rinati, G. Verona, Veshchev, E., Vianello, N., Vicente, J., Viezzer, E., Villari, S., Villone, F., Vincenzi, P., Vinyar, I., Viola, B., Vitins, A., Vizvary, Z., Vlad, M., Voitsekhovitch, I., Vondracek, P., Vora, N., Vu, T., Pires de Sa, W. W., Wakeling, B., Waldon, C. W. F., Walkden, N., Walker, M., Walker, R., Walsh, M., Wang, E., Wang, N., Warder, S., Warren, R. J., Waterhouse, J., Watkins, N. W., Watts, C., Wauters, T., Weckmann, A., Weiland, J., Weisen, H., Weiszflog, M., Wellstood, C., West, A. T., Wheatley, M. R., Whetham, S., Whitehead, A. M., Whitehead, B. D., Widdowson, A. M., Wiesen, S., Wilkinson, J., Williams, J., Williams, M., Wilson, A. R., Wilson, D. J., Wilson, H. R., Wilson, J., Wischmeier, M., Withenshaw, G., Withycombe, A., Witts, D. M., Wood, D., Wood, R., Woodley, C., Wray, S., Wright, J., Wright, J. C., Wu, J., Wukitch, S., Wynn, A., Xu, T., Yadikin, D., Yanling, W., Yao, L., Yavorskij, V., Yoo, M. G., Young, C., Young, D., Young, I. D., Young, R., Zacks, J., Zagorski, R., Zaitsev, F. S., Zanino, R., Zarins, A., Zastrow, K. D., Zerbini, M., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., Zilli, E., Zoita, V., Zoletnik, S., Zychor, I., Department of Physics, Materials Physics, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, and Universidad de Sevilla. RNM138: Física Nuclear Aplicada

Subjects
inorganic chemicals, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, analysis, Materials Science (miscellaneous), JET-ILW, Dust particles, education, Electron microprobe, Tritium, 01 natural sciences, 114 Physical sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Nuclear physics, Fusion, plasma och rymdfysik, BERYLLIUM, 0103 physical sciences, polycyclic compounds, Imaging plate, 010306 general physics, Jet (fluid), Electron prove microscopic, organic chemicals, Dust, Fusion, Plasma and Space Physics, lcsh:TK9001-9401, electron prove microscopic analysis, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, cardiovascular system, Electron prove microscopic analysis, lcsh:Nuclear engineering. Atomic power
Abstract

A tritium imaging plate technique (TIPT) in combination with an electron-probe microscopic analysis (EPMA) were applied to examine tritium (T) retention characteristics in individual dust particles collected in the Joint European Torus with the ITER-like Wall (JET-ILW) after the first campaign in 2011-2012., A lot of carbon (C)-dominated dust particles were found, which would be pre-existing carbon deposits in the JET-C or released carbon particles from the remaining carbon-fiber components in the JET-ILW. Most of T was retained at the surface of and/or in the C-dominated dust particles. The retention in tungsten, beryllium and other metal-dominated dust particles is relatively lower by a factor of 10-100 in comparison with that in the Cdominated particles.

Published
2018

12. Live predator stress in adolescence results in distinct adult behavioral consequences and dorsal diencephalic brain activation patterns

Author

Tapocik, J. D., Schank, J. R., Mitchell, J. R., Damazdic, R., Mayo, C. L., Brady, D., Pincus, A. B., King, C. E., Heilig, Markus, Elmer, G. I., Tapocik, J. D., Schank, J. R., Mitchell, J. R., Damazdic, R., Mayo, C. L., Brady, D., Pincus, A. B., King, C. E., Heilig, Markus, and Elmer, G. I.

Abstract

Exposure to traumatic events during childhood increases the risk of adult psychopathology, including anxiety, depression, alcohol use disorders and their co-morbidity. Early life trauma also results in increased symptom complexity, treatment resistance and poor treatment outcomes. The purpose of this study was to establish a novel rodent model of adolescent stress, based on an ethologically relevant life-threatening event, live predator exposure. Rats were exposed to a live predator for 10 min. at three different time points (postnatal day (PND)31, 46 and 61). Adult depression-, anxiety-like behaviors and ethanol consumption were characterized well past the last acute stress event (two weeks). Behavioral profiles across assessments were developed to characterize individual response to adolescent stress. CNS activation patterns in separate groups of subjects were characterized after the early (PND31) and last predator exposure (PND61). Subjects exposed to live-predator adolescent stress generally exhibited less exploratory behavior, less propensity to venture into open spaces, a decreased preference for sweet solutions and decreased ethanol consumption in a two-bottle preference test. Additional studies demonstrated blunted cortisol response and CNS activation patterns suggestive of habenula, rostromedial tegmental (RMTg), dorsal raphe and central amygdala involvement in mediating the adult consequences of adolescent stress. Thus, adolescent stress in the form of live-predator exposure results in significant adult behavioral and neurobiological disturbances. Childhood trauma, its impact on neurodevelopment and the subsequent development of mood disorders is a pervasive theme in mental illness. Improving animal models and our neurobiological understanding of the symptom domains impacted by trauma could significantly improve treatment strategies., Funding Agencies|NIAAA Intramural ProgramUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USANIH National Institute on Alcohol Abuse & Alcoholism (NIAAA); [R21MH115370]

Published
2021
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13. Prevalence of ARDS phenotypes in critically-Ill COVID-19 patients: a prospective observational cohort study

Author

Sinha, P, Calfee, CS, Cherian, S, Brealey, D, Cutler, S, King, C, Killick, C, Richards, O, Cheema, Y, Bailey, C, Reddy, K, Delucchi, KL, Gordon, A, Shankar-Hari, M, Shyamsundar, M, O'Kane, CM, McAuley, DF, Szakmany, T, and NIHR

Subjects
Male, Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Science & Technology, Respiratory System, COVID-19, 1103 Clinical Sciences, Middle Aged, 1117 Public Health and Health Services, Phenotype, Critical Care Medicine, Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I, General & Internal Medicine, Case-Control Studies, Humans, Female, Prospective Studies, Cytokine Release Syndrome, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, APACHE, 1199 Other Medical and Health Sciences
Abstract

Rationale: In non-COVID-19 ARDS, two phenotypes, based on the severity of systemic inflammation, have been described. The hyperinflammatory phenotype is known to be associated with increased multi-organ failure and mortality. In this study, we aimed to identify these phenotypes in COVID-19 ARDS. Methods: Patients with ARDS due to COVID-19 at two U.K. ICUs were recruited to the study. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected at baseline. Plasma samples were analysed for Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and soluble tumour-necrosis-factor receptor-1 (sTNFR-1) using a novel point-of-care assay. A parsimonious regression classifier model was used to calculate the probability for the hyperinflammatory phenotype in COVID-19 using IL-6, sTNFR-1 and sodium bicarbonate levels. Data from this cohort was compared to patients with ARDS recruited to a UK multicentre, randomised controlled trial of simvastatin (HARP-2). Results: 39 patients were recruited to the study. Median PaO2/FiO2 was 18 kpa (IQR: 15 – 21) and APACHE II score was 12 (IQR: 10 – 14.5). 17/39 patients (44%) had died by day 28 of the study. Patients that died were older and had lower PaO2/FiO2. The median probability for the hyperinflammatory phenotype was 0.03 (IQR 0.01 – 0.2). Depending on the probability cut-off used to assign class, the prevalence of the hyperinflammatory phenotype was between 10-21% (4-8/39) which is lower than in HARP-2 (186/539, 35%). Mortality in the hyperinflammatory phenotype was 5/8 (63%) and 12/31 (39%) in the hypoinflammatory phenotype. Compared to matched patients recruited to HARP-2, in COVID-19 levels of IL-6 were similar, whereas sTNFR-1 was significantly lower. Summary: In this exploratory analysis of 39 patients, ARDS due to COVID-19 is not associated with higher systemic inflammation and is associated with a lower prevalence of the hyperinflammatory phenotype compared to historical ARDS data.

Published
2020

16. Analysis of vitamin A and retinoids in biological matrices

Author

Lindsay C. Czuba, Guo Zhong, Nina Isoherranen, and King C. Yabut

Subjects
Bioanalysis, Receptors, Retinoic Acid, medicine.drug_class, Mechanism (biology), Retinoic acid, Tretinoin, Biological activity, Article, In vitro, Retinoids, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Biochemistry, Metabolome, medicine, Retinoid, Signal transduction, Vitamin A, Signal Transduction
Abstract

Vitamin A signaling pathways are predominantly driven by the cellular concentrations of all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA), as the main mechanism of retinoid signaling is via activation of retinoic acid receptors. atRA concentrations are in turn controlled by the storage of vitamin A and enzymatic processes that synthesize and clear atRA. This has resulted in the need for robust and highly specific analytical methods to accurately quantify retinoids in diverse biological matrices. Tissue-specific differences in both the quantity of retinoids and background matrix interferences can confound the quantification of retinoids, and the bioanalysis requires high performance instrumentation, such as liquid chromatography mass-spectrometry (LC-MS). Successful bioanalysis of retinoids is further complicated by the innate structural instability of retinoids and their relatively high lipophilicity. Further, in vitro experiments with retinoids require attention to experimental design and interpretation to account for the instability of retinoids due to isomerization and degradation, sequential metabolism to numerous structurally similar metabolites, and substrate depletion during experiments. In addition, in vitro biological activity is often confounded by residual presence of retinoids in common biological reagents such as cell culture media. This chapter identifies common biological and analytical complexities in retinoid bioanalysis in diverse biological matrices, and in the use of retinoids in cell culture and metabolic incubations. In addition, this chapter highlights best practices for the successful detection and quantification of the vitamin A metabolome in a wide range of biological matrices.

Published
2020

17. Management and treatment

Author

King C. Lee and Jeffrey P. Weiss

Subjects
Drug, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, urologic and male genital diseases, medicine.disease, female genital diseases and pregnancy complications, Pharmacotherapy, Lower urinary tract symptoms, medicine, Nocturia, medicine.symptom, Intensive care medicine, Desmopressin, business, health care economics and organizations, medicine.drug, media_common
Abstract

This chapter discusses different therapies available for treating nocturia, ranging from different types of lifestyle and behavioral modifications which should be used as first-line therapy, to drug therapy, phototherapy, interventional approaches, and surgery. This chapter describes desmopressin (the only drug approved by the FDA for the treat nocturia) and its combination with drugs generally used to treat lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). It also describes other drugs, and their combination, frequently used to treat nocturia in the clinic, and the evidence (or the lack of evidence) of their effectiveness for nocturia. Finally, this chapter describes the 2019 International Continence Society (ICS) guidelines on the treatment of nocturia.

Published
2020

18. Emerging novel therapies

Author

King C. Lee and Jeffrey P. Weiss

Subjects
Agonist, Drug, business.industry, medicine.drug_class, media_common.quotation_subject, Bioinformatics, Fedovapagon, Tolerability, Prostaglandin inhibitor, Molecular targets, Medicine, Nocturia, medicine.symptom, business, Antidiuretic, media_common
Abstract

This chapter describes two forms of emerging therapies to treat nocturia. The first form is related to new drugs, new drug combination, or new routes of administration of drugs that are in the existing class of therapies, which frequently results in improvement of efficacy and/or tolerability. This chapter discusses how they improve the efficacy and/or tolerability compared to those currently used in the clinic. The second form of emerging therapies involves new molecular targets, which is especially beneficial to patients who have failed current therapies or found current therapies unsatisfactory. This chapter discusses each type in this category. It includes Nocturol or Paxerol (same product but different tradenames), a novel formulation of prostaglandin inhibitors, to target nocturnal elevation of urinary prostaglandins in nocturia patients. It also includes Fedovapagon (VA106483), which is an agonist of the renal vasopressin V2 receptors, to induce antidiuretic effects during sleep hours.

Published
2020

19. Epidemiology and prevalence

Author

Jeffrey P. Weiss and King C. Lee

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, High prevalence, business.industry, urologic and male genital diseases, humanities, female genital diseases and pregnancy complications, Adult women, Lower incidence, Younger adults, Epidemiology, Medicine, Nocturia, media_common.cataloged_instance, medicine.symptom, European union, business, Demography, media_common
Abstract

This chapter first provides definition of nocturia, which is the complaint of waking at night to void at least once. It further defines clinically relevant nocturia being ≥2 voids per night, and severe nocturia being waking up at night to void two to three times or more. This chapter then presents results from epidemiological studies, indicating that the prevalence of nocturia is age-related, with younger adults having a lower incidence of nocturia than the elderly. The prevalence of nocturia is also gender-related, with more younger adult women than younger adult men having severe nocturia, but it is more common among elderly men than elderly women. Finally, this chapter presents epidemiological results from various countries indicating that the high prevalence rates of nocturia, especially in the elderly, are not unique to the United States, but also common in the other countries, including European Union and Asia.

Published
2020

20. Adverse effects and comorbidities

Author

Jeffrey P. Weiss and King C. Lee

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), urologic and male genital diseases, Positive correlation, female genital diseases and pregnancy complications, Indirect costs, medicine, Nocturia, medicine.symptom, Intensive care medicine, Adverse effect, business, Medical costs
Abstract

This chapter first describes that the downstream consequences of nocturia are significant, especially in the elderly with severe nocturia. This is evident with various adverse events and comorbidities associated with nocturia. There is actually a positive correlation between nocturia incidence and a variety of serious medical conditions, and between nocturia incidence and longevity. Unfortunately, many patients and many general practitioners are unaware of the potentially serious and morbid symptom, and assume that it is an inevitable, benign complaint resulting from aging. This chapter also provides information on nocturia imposing negative impacts on affected individuals and its weight on the society as a whole. Nocturia negatively affects the medical costs related to treatment of nocturia and nocturia-related complications such as falls, as well as indirect costs due to reduction in productivity.

Published
2020

21. List of Contributors

Author

Anderson, Karen S., primary, Andresson, Thorkell, additional, Batruch, Ihor, additional, Blonder, Josip, additional, Boccard, Julien, additional, Boschetti, Egisto, additional, Bosley, Allen D., additional, Brenner, Dean E., additional, Candiano, Giovanni, additional, Cannon, Joe R., additional, Caprioli, Richard M., additional, Castillo, Mary Joan, additional, Chan, King C., additional, Cho, Wonryeon, additional, Das, Sudipto, additional, Diamandis, Eleftherios P., additional, Djukovic, Danijel, additional, Drabovich, Andrei P., additional, Espina, Virginia, additional, Fenselau, Catherine, additional, Fox, Stephen D., additional, Gika, Helen G., additional, Goo, Young Ah, additional, Goodlett, David R., additional, Issaq, Haleem J., additional, Jäck, Hans-Martin, additional, Lee, Cheng S., additional, Leyland-Jones, Brian, additional, Liotta, Lance A., additional, Long, Frederick H., additional, McShane, Adam J., additional, Meng, Zhaojing, additional, Mueller, Claudius, additional, Nagana Gowda, G.A., additional, Patrie, Steven M., additional, Pavlou, Maria P., additional, Petricoin, Emanuel F., additional, Pierobon, Marielena, additional, Plumb, Robert, additional, Prieto, DaRue A., additional, Qiu, Ji, additional, Raftery, Daniel, additional, Regnier, Fred E., additional, Righetti, Pier Giorgio, additional, Roth, Michael J., additional, Rudaz, Serge, additional, Seeley, Erin H., additional, Theodoridis, Georgios A., additional, Tuck, Melissa, additional, Turgeon, D. Kim, additional, Van, Que N., additional, Veenstra, Timothy D., additional, Vuckovic, Dajana, additional, Wang, Chenchen, additional, Wei, Bih-Rong, additional, Wilson, Ian D., additional, Wittmann, Jürgen, additional, Wulfkuhle, Julie, additional, Yao, Xudong, additional, Ye, Xiaoying, additional, Yip, Lian Yee, additional, Yong Chan, Eric Chun, additional, and Zhang, Junmei, additional

Published
2013
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24. Contributors

Author

Abrahamian, Greg A., primary, Allen, Jonathon, additional, Archer, Cullen, additional, Arocho, Michael A., additional, Ashworth, Simeon W., additional, Barry, Dave, additional, Bauer, Charles R., additional, Bautista, Roger Matthew, additional, Browning, Mary Ann, additional, Calhoon, John H., additional, Capra, Jason, additional, Carr, Barbara A., additional, Cloutier, Robert L., additional, Cooper, Jimmy, additional, Crandall, Stephen A., additional, Crowell, Christopher B., additional, Dagrosa, Richard L., additional, Davis, Charles P., additional, Daya, Mohamud, additional, Daymude, Marc L., additional, Deel, John T., additional, DePold, Carry, additional, DePold, Gerald D., additional, DeVita, Diane, additional, Ditzel, Amy K., additional, Docherty, Martin A., additional, Dufresne, Gary W., additional, Dunlavy, Jenny E., additional, Durning, Steve, additional, Emanuel, Terry, additional, Espinoza, Alfredo, additional, Esterl, Robert M., additional, Fishman, Barbara M., additional, Foxworth, Jeff, additional, Funk, Mark S., additional, Garner, Ryan, additional, Glendening, David, additional, Goyal, Vinita, additional, Graydon, Robert D., additional, Gruppo, Len, additional, Halff, Glenn, additional, Harrison, Benjamin P., additional, Harrison, Katherine Anne, additional, Hill, Guyon J., additional, Hnatow, David A., additional, Hobbs, Rex L., additional, Husley, Julie, additional, Jamul, Jennifer, additional, Johnson, Roy, additional, Johnson, Scott B., additional, Kagarise, Melissa, additional, Khandhar, Sandeep J., additional, King, C. Gordon, additional, Kodosky, John T., additional, Koertner, Adam Clay, additional, Krebs, Christopher M., additional, Kuhns, David W., additional, Lam, Khim K., additional, Lawrence, Linda L., additional, Linklater, Derek R., additional, Lopez, Reenie, additional, Lutz, Clifford C., additional, Madill, Justin, additional, Mallia, Anantha K., additional, Mann‐Zeballos, Margaret, additional, McBride, Daniel F., additional, McIlrath, Samuel Timothy, additional, McManus, John, additional, McNeil, Christopher R., additional, Mehta, Sumeru Ghanshyam, additional, Menckhoff, Carl, additional, Mihata, Kazuo, additional, Miller, Michael A., additional, Morgan, James Alan, additional, Morgan, Julie Ann, additional, Murphey, Kari, additional, Nakamura, Yoko, additional, Nasir, Alicia, additional, Nasir, Javed M., additional, Nolan, Robert, additional, Oswald, Brenda, additional, Pearlman, Stacey Black, additional, Pfaff, James A., additional, Plastino, Kristen A., additional, Presser, Eric R., additional, Ramey, Lon, additional, Roberts, Jake, additional, Rondeau, Dawn F., additional, Salyer, Steven W., additional, Samsey, Kathleen M., additional, Scott, John Robert, additional, Shafé, Michael K., additional, Short, Mark S., additional, Michael Siler, Sean, additional, Simonds, Jacquelyn L., additional, Smith, Howell J., additional, Speeg, K. Vincent, additional, Spitz, Richard J., additional, Spivak, Laura Ann, additional, Stevens, Mark, additional, Taylor, Benjamin H., additional, Terpolilli, Ralph, additional, Varney, Shawn M., additional, Veale, Brooke Ashley, additional, Wall, Shawna, additional, Washburn, Kenneth, additional, Wedmore, Ian, additional, Wells, Ryan, additional, Whitford, Allen, additional, Zeballos, Claudio F., additional, and Zinsmeister, David, additional

Published
2007
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25. A comparison of two mathematical models of the impact of mass drug administration on the transmission and control of schistosomiasis

Author

Truscott, J, Gurarie, D, Alsallaq, R, Toor, J, Yoon, N, Farrell, S, Turner, H, Phillips, A, Aurelio, H, Ferro, J, King, C, Anderson, R, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, GlaxoSmithKline Services Unlimited, The Task Force for Global Health, and The Childrens Investment Fund Foundation (UK)

Subjects
DYNAMICS, PARASITES, Epidemiology, MANSONI, STRATIFIED-WORM-BURDEN, Microbiology, Article, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, Virology, INFECTION, Prevalence, Humans, Schistosomiasis, lcsh:RC109-216, Neglected tropical diseases, Anthelmintics, Science & Technology, Mathematical modelling, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, 1103 Clinical Sciences, Models, Theoretical, Infectious Diseases, 1117 Public Health And Health Services, Mass drug administration, Parasitology, Life Sciences & Biomedicine
Abstract

Highlights • This paper compares two mathematical models describing the transmission dynamics of schistosome infection and the impact of mass drug administration. • The models differ structurally in a number of ways, including the dynamics of the intermediate snail host and the treatment of adult worms within the human host. • The models are validated against data taken from a mass-drug administration trial in Mozambique. • The differences between the model predictions and the data are discussed in the context of the structural differences between the models., The predictions of two mathematical models describing the transmission dynamics of schistosome infection and the impact of mass drug administration are compared. The models differ in their description of the dynamics of the parasites within the host population and in their representation of the stages of the parasite lifecycle outside of the host. Key parameters are estimated from data collected in northern Mozambique from 2011 to 2015. This type of data set is valuable for model validation as treatment prior to the study was minimal. Predictions from both models are compared with each other and with epidemiological observations. Both models have difficulty matching both the intensity and prevalence of disease in the datasets and are only partially successful at predicting the impact of treatment. The models also differ from each other in their predictions, both quantitatively and qualitatively, of the long-term impact of 10 years’ school-based mass drug administration. We trace the dynamical differences back to basic assumptions about worm aggregation, force of infection and the dynamics of the parasite in the snail population in the two models and suggest data which could discriminate between them. We also discuss limitations with the datasets used and ways in which data collection could be improved.

Published
2017

26. RF sheath modeling of experimentally observed plasma surface interactions with the JET ITER-Like Antenna

Author

JET Contributors, Krivska, A., Bobkov, V., Colas, L., Dumortier, P., Durodie, F., Jacquet, P., Klepper, C. C., Milanesio, D., Urbanczyk, G., Abduallev, S., Abhangi, M., Abreu, P., Afzal, M., Aggarwal, K. M., Ahlgren, T., Ahn, J. H., Aho-Mantila, L., Aiba, N., Airila, M., Albanese, R., Aldred, V., Alegre, D., Alessi, E., Aleynikov, P., Alfier, A., Alkseev, A., Allinson, M., Alper, B., Alves, E., Ambrosino, G., Ambrosino, R., Amicucci, L., Amosov, V., Sunden, E. Andersson, Angelone, M., Anghel, M., Angioni, C., Appel, L., Appelbee, C., Arena, P., Ariola, M., Arnichand, H., Arshad, S., Ash, A., Ashikawa, N., Aslanyan, V., Asunta, O., Auriemma, F., Austin, Y., Avotina, L., Axton, M. D., Ayres, C., Bacharis, M., Baciero, A., Baiao, D., Bailey, S., Baker, A., Balboa, I., Balden, M., Balshaw, N., Bament, R., Banks, J. W., Baranov, Y. F., Barnard, M. A., Barnes, D., Barnes, M., Barnsley, R., Wiechec, A. Baron, Orte, L. Barrera, Baruzzo, M., Basiuk, V., Bassan, M., Bastow, R., Batista, A., Batistoni, P., Baughan, R., Bauvir, B., Baylor, L., Bazylev, B., Beal, J., Beaumont, P. S., Beckers, M., Beckett, B., Becoulet, A., Bekris, N., Beldishevski, M., Bell, K., Belli, F., Bellinger, M., Belonohy, E., Ben Ayed, N., Benterman, N. A., Bergsaker, H., Bernardo, J., Bernert, M., Berry, M., Bertalot, L., Besliu, C., Beurskens, M., Bieg, B., Bielecki, J., Biewer, T., Bigi, M., Bilkova, P., Binda, F., Bisoffi, A., Bizarro, J. P. S., Bjorkas, C., Blackburn, J., Blackman, K., Blackman, T. R., Blanchard, P., Blatchford, P., Boboc, A., Bodnar, G., Bogar, O., Bolshakova, I., Bolzonella, T., Bonanomi, N., Bonelli, F., Boom, J., Booth, J., Borba, D., Borodin, D., Borodkina, I., Botrugno, A., Bottereau, C., Boulting, P., Bourdelle, C., Bowden, M., Bower, C., Bowman, C., Boyce, T., Boyd, C., Boyer, H. J., Bradshaw, J. M. A., Braic, V., Bravanec, R., Breizman, B., Bremond, S., Brennan, P. D., Breton, S., Brett, A., Brezinsek, S., Bright, M. D. J., Brix, M., Broeckx, W., Brombin, M., Broslawski, A., Brown, D. P. D., Brown, M., Bruno, E., Bucalossi, J., Buch, J., Buchanan, J., Buckley, M. A., Budny, R., Bufferand, H., Bulman, M., Bulmer, N., Bunting, P., Buratti, P., Burckhart, A., Buscarino, A., Busse, A., Butler, N. K., Bykov, I., Byrne, J., Cahyna, P., Calabro, G., Calvo, I., Camenen, Y., Camp, P., Campling, D. C., Cane, J., Cannas, B., Capel, A. J., Card, P. J., Cardinali, A., Carman, P., Carr, M., Carralero, D., Carraro, L., Carvalho, B. B., Carvalho, I., Carvalho, P., Casson, F. J., Castaldo, C., Catarino, N., Caumont, J., Causa, F., Cavazzana, R., Cave-Ayland, K., Cavinato, M., Cecconello, M., Ceccuzzi, S., Cecil, E., Cenedese, A., Cesario, R., Challis, C. D., Chandler, M., Chandra, D., Chang, C. S., Chankin, A., Chapman, I. T., Chapman, S. C., Chernyshova, M., Chitarin, G., Ciraolo, G., Ciric, D., Citrin, J., Clairet, F., Clark, E., Clark, M., Clarkson, R., Clatworthy, D., Clements, C., Cleverly, M., Coad, J. P., Coates, P. A., Cobalt, A., Coccorese, V., Cocilovo, V., Coda, S., Coelho, R., Coenen, J. W., Coffey, I., Collins, S., Conka, D., Conroy, S., Conway, N., Coombs, D., Cooper, D., Cooper, S. R., Corradino, C., Corre, Y., Corrigan, G., Cortes, S., Coster, D., Couchman, A. S., Cox, M. P., Craciunescu, T., Cramp, S., Craven, R., Crisanti, F., Croci, G., Croft, D., Crombe, K., Crowe, R., Cruz, N., Cseh, G., Cufar, A., Cullen, A., Curuia, M., Czarnecka, A., Dabirikhah, H., Dalgliesh, P., Dalley, S., Dankowski, J., Darrow, D., Davies, O., Davis, W., Day, C., Day, I. E., De Bock, M., Castro, A. de, Cal, E. de la, Luna, E. de la, De Masi, G., Pablos, J. L. de, Temmerman, G., De, De Tommasi, G., Vries, P. de, Deakin, K., Deane, J., Agostini, F. Degli, Dejarnac, R., Delabie, E., Harder, N. den, Dendy, R. O., Denis, J., Denner, P., Devaux, S., Devynck, P., Di Maio, F., Di Siena, A., Di Troia, C., Dinca, P., D’Inca, R., Ding, B., Dittmar, T., Doerk, H., Doerner, R. P., Donne, T., Dorling, S. E., Dormido-Canto, S., Doswon, S., Douai, D., Doyle, P. T., Drenik, A., Drewelow, P., Drews, P., Duckworth, Ph, Dumont, R., Dunai, D., Dunne, M., Duran, I., Dutta, P., Duval, B. P., Dux, R., Dylst, K., Dzysiuk, N., Edappala, P. V., Edmond, J., Edwards, A. M., Edwards, J., Eich, Th, Ekedahl, A., El-Jorf, R., Elsmore, C. G., Enachescu, M., Ericsson, G., Eriksson, F., Eriksson, J., Eriksson, L. G., Esposito, B., Esquembri, S., Esser, H. G., Esteve, D., Evans, B., Evans, G. E., Evison, G., Ewart, G. D., Fagan, D., Faitsch, M., Falie, D., Fanni, A., Fasoli, A., Faustin, J. M., Fawlk, N., Fazendeiro, L., Fedorczak, N., Felton, R. C., Fenton, K., Fernades, A., Fernandes, H., Ferreira, J., Fessey, J. A., Fevrier, O., Ficker, O., Field, A., Fietz, S., Figueiredo, A., Figueiredo, J., Fil, A., Finburg, P., Firdaouss, M., Fischer, U., Fittill, L., Fitzgerald, M., Flammini, D., Flanagan, J., Fleming, C., Flinders, K., Fonnesu, N., Fontdecaba, J. M., Formisano, A., Forsythe, L., Fortuna, L., Fortuna-Zalesna, E., Fortune, M., Foster, S., Franke, T., Franklin, T., Frasca, M., Frassinetti, L., Freisinger, M., Fresa, R., Frigione, D., Fuchs, V., Fuller, D., Futatani, S., Fyvie, J., Gal, K., Galassi, D., Galazka, K., Galdon-Quiroga, J., Gallagher, J., Gallart, D., Galvao, R., Gao, X., Gao, Y., Garcia, J., Garcia-Carrasco, A., Garcia-Munoz, M., Gardarein, J.-L., Garzotti, L., Gaudio, P., Gauthier, E., Gear, D. F., Gee, S. J., Geiger, B., Gelfusa, M., Gerasimov, S., Gervasini, G., Gethins, M., Ghani, Z., Ghate, M., Gherendi, M., Giacalone, J. C., Giacomelli, L., Gibson, C. S., Giegerich, T., Gil, C., Gil, L., Gilligan, S., Gin, D., Giovannozzi, E., Girardo, J. B., Giroud, C., Giruzzi, G., Gloeggler, S., Godwin, J., Goff, J., Gohil, P., Goloborod’ko, V., Gomes, R., Goncalves, B., Goniche, M., Goodliffe, M., Goodyear, A., Gorini, G., Gosk, M., Goulding, R., Goussarov, A., Gowland, R., Graham, B., Graham, M. E., Graves, J. P., Grazier, N., Grazier, P., Green, N. R., Greuner, H., Grierson, B., Griph, F. S., Grisolia, C., Grist, D., Groth, M., Grove, R., Grundy, C. N., Grzonka, J., Guard, D., Guerard, C., Guillemaut, C., Guirlet, R., Gurl, C., Utoh, H. H., Hackett, L. J., Hacquin, S., Hagar, A., Hager, R., Hakola, A., Halitovs, M., Hall, S. J., Cook, S. P. Hallworth, Hamlyn-Harris, C., Hammond, K., Harrington, C., Harrison, J., Harting, D., Hasenbeck, F., Hatano, Y., Hatch, D. R., Haupt, T. D. V., Hawes, J., Hawkes, N. C., Hawkins, J., Hawkins, P., Haydon, P. W., Hayter, N., Hazel, S., Heesterman, P. J. L., Heinola, K., Hellesen, C., Hellsten, T., Helou, W., Hemming, O. N., Hender, T. C., Henderson, M., Henderson, S. S., Henriques, R., Hepple, D., Hermon, G., Hertout, P., Hidalgo, C., Highcock, E. G., Hill, M., Hillairet, J., Hillesheim, J., Hillis, D., Hizanidis, K., Hjalmarsson, A., Hobirk, J., Hodille, E., Hogben, C. H. A., Hogeweij, G. M. D., Hollingsworth, A., Hollis, S., Homfray, D. A., Horacek, J., Hornung, G., Horton, A. R., Horton, L. D., Horvath, L., Hotchin, S. P., Hough, M. R., Howarth, P. J., Hubbard, A., Huber, A., Huber, V., Huddleston, T. M., Hughes, M., Huijsmans, G. T. A., Hunter, C. L., Huynh, P., Hynes, A. M., Iglesias, D., Imazawa, N., Imbeaux, F., Imrisek, M., Incelli, M., Innocente, P., Irishkin, M., Ivanova-Stanik, I., Jachmich, S., Jacobsen, A. S., Jansons, J., Jardin, A., Jarvinen, A., Jaulmes, F., Jednorog, S., Jenkins, I., Jeong, C., Jepu, I., Joffrin, E., Johnson, R., Johnson, T., Johnston, Jane, Joita, L., Jones, G., Jones, T. T. C., Hoshino, K. K., Kallenbach, A., Kamiya, K., Kaniewski, J., Kantor, A., Kappatou, A., Karhunen, J., Karkinsky, D., Karnowska, I., Kaufman, M., Kaveney, G., Kazakov, Y., Kazantzidis, V., Keeling, D. L., Keenan, T., Keep, J., Kempenaars, M., Kennedy, C., Kenny, D., Kent, J., Kent, O. N., Khilkevich, E., Kim, H. T., Kim, H. S., Kinch, A., King, C., King, D., King, R. F., Kinna, D. J., Kiptily, V., Kirk, A., Kirov, K., Kirschner, A., Kizane, G., Klepper, C., Klix, A., Knight, P., Knipe, S. J., Knott, S., Kobuchi, T., Koechl, F., Kocsis, G., Kodeli, I., Kogan, L., Kogut, D., Koivuranta, S., Kominis, Y., Koeppen, M., Kos, B., Koskela, T., Koslowski, H. R., Koubiti, M., Kovari, M., Kowalska-Strzeciwilk, E., Krasilnikov, A., Krasilnikov, V., Krawczyk, N., Kresina, M., Krieger, K., Kruezi, U., Ksiazek, I., Kukushkin, A., Kundu, A., Kurki-Suonio, T., Kwak, S., Kwiatkowski, R., Kwon, O. J., Laguardia, L., Lahtinen, A., Laing, A., Lam, N., Lambertz, H. T., Lane, C., Lang, P. 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E., Mantica, P., Mantsinen, M., Manzanares, A., Maquet, Ph, Marandet, Y., Marcenko, N., Marchetto, C., Marchuk, O., Marinelli, M., Marinucci, M., Markovic, T., Marocco, D., Marot, L., Marren, C. A., Marshal, R., Martin, A., Martin, Y., Martin de Aguilera, A., Martinez, F. J., Martin-Solis, J. R., Martynova, Y., Maruyama, S., Masiello, A., Maslov, M., Matejcik, S., Mattei, M., Matthews, G. F., Maviglia, F., Mayer, M., Mayoral, M. L., May-Smith, T., Mazon, D., Mazzotta, C., McAdams, R., McCarthy, P. J., McClements, K. G., McCormack, O., McCullen, P. A., McDonald, D., McIntosh, S., McKean, R., McKehon, J., Meadows, R. C., Meakins, A., Medina, F., Medland, M., Medley, S., Meigh, S., Meigs, A. G., Meisl, G., Meitner, S., Meneses, L., Menmuir, S., Mergia, K., Merrigan, I. R., Mertens, Ph, Meshchaninov, S., Messiaen, A., Meyer, H., Mianowski, S., Michling, R., Middleton-Gear, D., Miettunen, J., Militello, F., Militello-Asp, E., Miloshevsky, G., Mink, F., Minucci, S., Miyoshi, Y., Mlynar, J., Molina, D., Monakhov, I., Moneti, M., Mooney, R., Moradi, S., Mordijck, S., Moreira, L., Moreno, R., Moro, F., Morris, A. W., Morris, J., Moser, L., Mosher, S., Moulton, D., Murari, A., Muraro, A., Murphy, S., Asakura, N. N., Na, Y. S., Nabais, F., Naish, R., Nakano, T., Nardon, E., Naulin, V., Nave, M. F. F., Nedzelski, I., Nemtsev, G., Nespoli, F., Neto, A., Neu, R., Neverov, V. S., Newman, M., Nicholls, K. J., Nicolas, T., Nielsen, A. H., Nielsen, P., Nilsson, E., Nishijima, D., Noble, C., Nocente, M., Nodwell, D., Nordlund, K., Nordman, H., Nouailletas, R., Nunes, I., Oberkofler, M., Odupitan, T., Ogawa, M. T., O’Gorman, T., Okabayashi, M., Olney, R., Omolayo, O., O’Mullane, M., Ongena, J., Orsitto, F., Orszagh, J., Oswuigwe, B. I., Otin, R., Owen, A., Paccagnella, R., Pace, N., Pacella, D., Packer, L. W., Page, A., Pajuste, E., Palazzo, S., Pamela, S., Panja, S., Papp, P., Paprok, R., Parail, V., Park, M., Diaz, F. Parra, Parsons, M., Pasqualotto, R., Patel, A., Pathak, S., Paton, D., Patten, H., Pau, A., Pawelec, E., Soldan, C. Paz, Peackoc, A., Pearson, I. J., Pehkonen, S.-P., Peluso, E., Penot, C., Pereira, A., Pereira, R., Puglia, P. P. Pereira, Thun, C. Perez von, Peruzzo, S., Peschanyi, S., Peterka, M., Petersson, P., Petravich, G., Petre, A., Petrella, N., Petrzilka, V., Peysson, Y., Pfefferle, D., Philipps, V., Pillon, M., Pintsuk, G., Piovesan, P., Pires dos Reis, A., Piron, L., Pironti, A., Pisano, F., Pitts, R., Pizzo, F., Plyusnin, V., Pomaro, N., Pompilian, O. G., Pool, P. J., Popovichev, S., Porfiri, M. T., Porosnicu, C., Porton, M., Possnert, G., Potzel, S., Powell, T., Pozzi, J., Prajapati, V., Prakash, R., Prestopino, G., Price, D., Price, M., Price, R., Prior, P., Proudfoot, R., Pucella, G., Puglia, P., Puiatti, M. E., Pulley, D., Purahoo, K., Puetterich, Th, Rachlew, E., Rack, M., Ragona, R., Rainford, M. S. J., Rakha, A., Ramogida, G., Ranjan, S., Rapson, C. J., Rasmussen, J. J., Rathod, K., Ratta, G., Ratynskaia, S., Ravera, G., Rayner, C., Rebai, M., Reece, D., Reed, A., Refy, D., Regan, B., Regana, J., Reich, M., Reid, N., Reimold, F., Reinhart, M., Reinke, M., Reiser, D., Rendell, D., Reux, C., Reyes Cortes, S. D. A., Reynolds, S., Riccardo, V., Richardson, N., Riddle, K., Rigamonti, D., Rimini, F. G., Risner, J., Riva, M., Roach, C., Robins, R. J., Robinson, S. A., Robinson, T., Robson, D. W., Roccella, R., Rodionov, R., Rodrigues, P., Rodriguez, J., Rohde, V., Romanelli, F., Romanelli, M., Romanelli, S., Romazanov, J., Rowe, S., Rubel, M., Rubinacci, G., Rubino, G., Ruchko, L., Ruiz, M., Ruset, C., Rzadkiewicz, J., Saarelma, S., Sabot, R., Safi, E., Sagar, P., Saibene, G., Saint-Laurent, F., Salewski, M., Salmi, A., Salmon, R., Salzedas, F., Samaddar, D., Samm, U., Sandiford, D., Santa, P., Santala, M. I. K., Santos, B., Santucci, A., Sartori, F., Sartori, R., Sauter, O., Scannell, R., Schlummer, T., Schmid, K., Schmidt, V., Schmuck, S., Schneider, M., Schoepf, K., Schworer, D., Scott, S. D., Sergienko, G., Sertoli, M., Shabbir, A., Sharapov, S. E., Shaw, A., Shaw, R., Sheikh, H., Shepherd, A., Shevelev, A., Shumack, A., Sias, G., Sibbald, M., Sieglin, B., Silburn, S., Silva, A., Silva, C., Simmons, P. A., Simpson, J., Simpson-Hutchinson, J., Sinha, A., Sipila, S. K., Sips, A. C. C., Siren, P., Sirinelli, A., Sjostrand, H., Skiba, M., Skilton, R., Slabkowska, K., Slade, B., Smith, N., Smith, P. G., Smith, R., Smith, T. J., Smithies, M., Snoj, L., Soare, S., Solano, E. R., Somers, A., Sommariva, C., Sonato, P., Sopplesa, A., Sousa, J., Sozzi, C., Spagnolo, S., Spelzini, T., Spineanu, F., Stables, G., Stamatelatos, I., Stamp, M. F., Staniec, P., Stankunas, G., Stan-Sion, C., Stead, M. J., Stefanikova, E., Stepanov, I., Stephen, A. V., Stephen, M., Stevens, A., Stevens, B. D., Strachan, J., Strand, P., Strauss, H. R., Strom, P., Stubbs, G., Studholme, W., Subba, F., Summers, H. P., Svensson, J., Swiderski, L., Szabolics, T., Szawlowski, M., Szepesi, G., Suzuki, T. T., Tal, B., Tala, T., Talbot, A. R., Talebzadeh, S., Taliercio, C., Tamain, P., Tame, C., Tang, W., Tardocchi, M., Taroni, L., Taylor, D., Taylor, K. A., Tegnered, D., Telesca, G., Teplova, N., Terranova, D., Testa, D., Tholerus, E., Thomas, J., Thomas, J. D., Thomas, P., Thompson, A., Thompson, C.-A., Thompson, V. K., Thorne, L., Thornton, A., Thrysoe, A. S., Tigwell, P. A., Tipton, N., Tiseanu, I., Tojo, H., Tokitani, M., Tolias, P., Tomes, M., Tonner, P., Towndrow, M., Trimble, P., Tripsky, M., Tsalas, M., Tsavalas, P., Jun, D. Tskhakaya, Turner, I., Turner, M. M., Turnyanskiy, M., Tvalashvili, G., Tyrrell, S. G. J., Uccello, A., Ul-Abidin, Z., Uljanovs, J., Ulyatt, D., Urano, H., Uytdenhouwen, I., Vadgama, A. P., Valcarcel, D., Valentinuzzi, M., Valisa, M., Olivares, P. Vallejos, Valovic, M., Van De Mortel, M., Van Eester, D., Van Renterghem, W., Rooij, G. J. van, Varje, J., Varoutis, S., Vartanian, S., Vasava, K., Vasilopoulou, T., Vega, J., Verdoolaege, G., Verhoeven, R., Verona, C., Rinati, G. Verona, Veshchev, E., Vianello, N., Vicente, J., Viezzer, E., Villari, S., Villone, F., Vincenzi, P., Vinyar, I., Viola, B., Vitins, A., Vizvary, Z., Vlad, M., Voitsekhovitch, I., Vondracek, P., Vora, N., Vu, T., Pires de Sa, W. W., Wakeling, B., Waldon, C. W. F., Walkden, N., Walker, M., Walker, R., Walsh, M., Wang, E., Wang, N., Warder, S., Warren, R. J., Waterhouse, J., Watkins, N. W., Watts, C., Wauters, T., Weckmann, A., Weiland, J., Weisen, H., Weiszflog, M., Wellstood, C., West, A. T., Wheatley, M. R., Whetham, S., Whitehead, A. M., Whitehead, B. D., Widdowson, A. M., Wiesen, S., Wilkinson, J., Williams, J., Williams, M., Wilson, A. R., Wilson, D. J., Wilson, H. R., Wilson, J., Wischmeier, M., Withenshaw, G., Withycombe, A., Witts, D. M., Wood, D., Wood, R., Woodley, C., Wray, S., Wright, J., Wright, J. C., Wu, J., Wukitch, S., Wynn, A., Xu, T., Yadikin, D., Yanling, W., Yao, L., Yavorskij, V., Yoo, M. G., Young, C., Young, D., Young, I. D., Young, R., Zacks, J., Zagorski, R., Zaitsev, F. S., Zanino, R., Zarins, A., Zastrow, K. D., Zerbini, M., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., Zilli, E., Zoita, V., Zoletnik, S., Zychor, I., Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla. RNM138: Física Nuclear Aplicada, JET Contributors, Materials Physics, and Department of Physics

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Technology and Engineering, Materials science, Materials Science (miscellaneous), design, Cyclotron, 114 Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Ion, Fusion, plasma och rymdfysik, DESIGN, icrf, law, Physics::Plasma Physics, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, Antenna arrays, 010306 general physics, Jet (fluid), Range (particle radiation), Plasma surface, ICRF, Physics, Fusion, Plasma and Space Physics, lcsh:TK9001-9401, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Physics::Space Physics, lcsh:Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, Antenna (radio), Atomic physics
Abstract

Waves in the Ion Cyclotron Range of Frequencies (ICRF) enhance local Plasma-Surface Interactions (PSI) near the wave launchers and magnetically-connected objects via Radio-Frequency (RF) sheath rectification. ITER will use 20MW of ICRF power over long pulses, questioning the long-term impact of RF-enhanced localized erosion on the lifetime of its Beryllium (Be) wall. Recent dedicated ICRF-heated L-mode discharges documented this process on JET for different types of ICRF antennas. Using visible spectroscopy in JET ICRF-heated L-mode discharges, poloidally-localized regions of enhanced (by similar to 2-4x) Be I and Be II light emission were observed on two outboard limiters magnetically connected to the bottom of the active ITER-Like Antenna (ILA). The observed RF-PSI induced by the ILA was qualitatively comparable to that induced by the JET standard, type-A2 antennas, for similar strap toroidal phasing and connection geometries. The Be II line emission was found more intense when powering the bottom half of the ILA rather than its top half. Conversely, more pronounced SOL density modifications were observed with only top array operation, on field lines connected to the top half of the ILA. So far the near-field modeling of the ILA with antenna code TOPICA (Torino Polytechnic Ion Cyclotron Antenna), using curved antenna model, was partially able to reproduce qualitatively the observed phenomena. A quantitative discrepancy persisted between the observed Be source amplification and the calculated, corresponding increases in E-// field at the magnetically connected locations to the ILA when changing from only top to only bottom half antenna operation. This paper revisits these current drive phased and half-ILA powered cases using for the new simulations flat model of the ILA and more realistic antenna feeding to calculate the E-// field maps with TOPICA code. Further, the Self-consistent Sheaths and Waves for Ion Cyclotron Heating Slow Wave (SSWICH-SW) code, which couples slow wave evanescence with DC Scrape-Off Layer (SOL) biasing, is used to estimate the poloidal distribution of rectified RF-sheath Direct Current (DC) potential V-DC in the private SOL between the ILA poloidal limiters. The approach so far was limited to correlating the observed, enhanced emission regions at the remote limiters to the antenna near-electric fields, as calculated by TOPICA. The present approach includes also a model for the rectification of these near-fields in the private SOL of the ILA. With the improved approach, when comparing only top and only bottom half antenna feeding, we obtained good qualitative correlation between all experimental measurements and the calculated local variations in the E-// field and V-DC potential. For complete list of authors see http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nme.2019.03.009

Published
2019

27. Improved ERO modelling of beryllium erosion at ITER upper first wall panel using JET-ILW and PISCES-B experience

Author

JET Contributors, Borodin, D., Romazanov, J., Pitts, R. A., Lisgo, S. W., Brezinsek, S., Borodkina, I., Eksaeva, A., Safi, E., Nordlund, K., Kirschner, A., Linsmeier, Ch, Abduallev, S., Abhangi, M., Abreu, P., Afzal, M., Aggarwal, K. M., Ahlgren, T., Ahn, J. H., Aho-Mantila, L., Aiba, N., Airila, M., Albanese, R., Aldred, V., Alegre, D., Alessi, E., Aleynikov, P., Alfier, A., Alkseev, A., Allinson, M., Alper, B., Alves, E., Ambrosino, G., Ambrosino, R., Amicucci, L., Amosov, V., Sunden, E. Andersson, Angelone, M., Anghel, M., Angioni, C., Appel, L., Appelbee, C., Arena, P., Ariola, M., Arnichand, H., Arshad, S., Ash, A., Ashikawa, N., Aslanyan, V., Asunta, O., Auriemma, F., Austin, Y., Avotina, L., Axton, M. D., Ayres, C., Bacharis, M., Baciero, A., Baiao, D., Bailey, S., Baker, A., Balboa, I., Balden, M., Balshaw, N., Bament, R., Banks, J. W., Baranov, Y. F., Barnard, M. A., Barnes, D., Barnes, M., Barnsley, R., Wiechec, A. Baron, Orte, L. Barrera, Baruzzo, M., Basiuk, V., Bassan, M., Bastow, R., Batista, A., Batistoni, P., Baughan, R., Bauvir, B., Baylor, L., Bazylev, B., Beal, J., Beaumont, P. S., Beckers, M., Beckett, B., Becoulet, A., Bekris, N., Beldishevski, M., Bell, K., Belli, F., Bellinger, M., Belonohy, E., Ben Ayed, N., Benterman, N. A., Bergsaker, H., Bernardo, J., Bernert, M., Berry, M., Bertalot, L., Besliu, C., Beurskens, M., Bieg, B., Bielecki, J., Biewer, T., Bigi, M., Bilkova, P., Binda, F., Bisoffi, A., Bizarro, J. P. S., Bjorkas, C., Blackburn, J., Blackman, K., Blackman, T. R., Blanchard, P., Blatchford, P., Bobkov, V., Boboc, A., Bodnar, G., Bogar, O., Bolshakova, I., Bolzonella, T., Bonanomi, N., Bonelli, F., Boom, J., Booth, J., Borba, D., Botrugno, A., Bottereau, C., Boulting, P., Bourdelle, C., Bowden, M., Bower, C., Bowman, C., Boyce, T., Boyd, C., Boyer, H. J., Bradshaw, J. M. A., Braic, V., Bravanec, R., Breizman, B., Bremond, S., Brennan, P. D., Breton, S., Brett, A., Bright, M. D. J., Brix, M., Broeckx, W., Brombin, M., Broslawski, A., Brown, D. P. D., Brown, M., Bruno, E., Bucalossi, J., Buch, J., Buchanan, J., Buckley, M. A., Budny, R., Bufferand, H., Bulman, M., Bulmer, N., Bunting, P., Buratti, P., Burckhart, A., Buscarino, A., Busse, A., Butler, N. K., Bykov, I., Byrne, J., Cahyna, P., Calabro, G., Calvo, I., Camenen, Y., Camp, P., Campling, D. C., Cane, J., Cannas, B., Capel, A. J., Card, P. J., Cardinali, A., Carman, P., Carr, M., Carralero, D., Carraro, L., Carvalho, B. B., Carvalho, I., Carvalho, P., Casson, F. J., Castaldo, C., Catarino, N., Caumont, J., Causa, F., Cavazzana, R., Cave-Ayland, K., Cavinato, M., Cecconello, M., Ceccuzzi, S., Cecil, E., Cenedese, A., Cesario, R., Challis, C. D., Chandler, M., Chandra, D., Chang, C. S., Chankin, A., Chapman, I. T., Chapman, S. C., Chernyshova, M., Chitarin, G., Ciraolo, G., Ciric, D., Citrin, J., Clairet, F., Clark, E., Clark, M., Clarkson, R., Clatworthy, D., Clements, C., Cleverly, M., Coad, J. P., Coates, P. A., Cobalt, A., Coccorese, V., Cocilovo, V., Coda, S., Coelho, R., Coenen, J. W., Coffey, I., Colas, L., Collins, S., Conka, D., Conroy, S., Conway, N., Coombs, D., Cooper, D., Cooper, S. R., Corradino, C., Corre, Y., Corrigan, G., Cortes, S., Coster, D., Couchman, A. S., Cox, M. P., Craciunescu, T., Cramp, S., Craven, R., Crisanti, F., Croci, G., Croft, D., Crombe, K., Crowe, R., Cruz, N., Cseh, G., Cufar, A., Cullen, A., Curuia, M., Czarnecka, A., Dabirikhah, H., Dalgliesh, P., Dalley, S., Dankowski, J., Darrow, D., Davies, O., Davis, W., Day, C., Day, I. E., De Bock, M., Castro, A. de, Cal, E. de la, Luna, E. de la, De Masi, G., Pablos, J. L. de, Temmerman, G., De, De Tommasi, G., Vries, P. de, Deakin, K., Deane, J., Agostini, F. Degli, Dejarnac, R., Delabie, E., Harder, N. den, Dendy, R. O., Denis, J., Denner, P., Devaux, S., Devynck, P., Di Maio, F., Di Siena, A., Di Troia, C., Dinca, P., D’Inca, R., Ding, B., Dittmar, T., Doerk, H., Doerner, R. P., Donne, T., Dorling, S. E., Dormido-Canto, S., Doswon, S., Douai, D., Doyle, P. T., Drenik, A., Drewelow, P., Drews, P., Duckworth, Ph, Dumont, R., Dumortier, P., Dunai, D., Dunne, M., Duran, I., Durodie, F., Dutta, P., Duval, B. P., Dux, R., Dylst, K., Dzysiuk, N., Edappala, P. V., Edmond, J., Edwards, A. M., Edwards, J., Eich, Th, Ekedahl, A., El-Jorf, R., Elsmore, C. G., Enachescu, M., Ericsson, G., Eriksson, F., Eriksson, J., Eriksson, L. G., Esposito, B., Esquembri, S., Esser, H. G., Esteve, D., Evans, B., Evans, G. E., Evison, G., Ewart, G. D., Fagan, D., Faitsch, M., Falie, D., Fanni, A., Fasoli, A., Faustin, J. M., Fawlk, N., Fazendeiro, L., Fedorczak, N., Felton, R. C., Fenton, K., Fernades, A., Fernandes, H., Ferreira, J., Fessey, J. 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Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla. RNM138: Física Nuclear Aplicada, Department of Physics, and Materials Physics

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Technology and Engineering, Materials science, Tokamak, JET ITER-like wall, Materials Science (miscellaneous), Nuclear engineering, design, chemistry.chemical_element, Blanket, 01 natural sciences, 114 Physical sciences, deposition, Modelling, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, ITER first wall, Fusion, plasma och rymdfysik, DESIGN, law, Sputtering, 0103 physical sciences, Deposition (phase transition), ddc:530, DEPOSITION, plasma, 010302 applied physics, Jet (fluid), PLASMA, Physics, Plasma, lcsh:TK9001-9401, Fusion, Plasma and Space Physics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, chemistry, Deuterium, Erosion, ERO code, lcsh:Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, Beryllium, ddc:624
Abstract

ERO is a 3D Monte-Carlo impurity transport and plasma-surface interaction code. In 2011 it was applied for the ITER first wall (FW) life time predictions [1] (critical blanket module BM11). After that the same code was significantly improved during its application to existing fusion-relevant plasma devices: the tokamak JET equipped with an ITER-like wall and linear plasma device PISCES-B. This has allowed testing the sputtering data for beryllium (Be) and showing that the “ERO-min” fit based on the large (50%) deuterium (D) surface content is well suitable for plasma-wetted areas (D plasma). The improved procedure for calculating of the effective sputtering yields for each location along the plasma-facing surface using the recently developed semi-analytical sheath approach was validated. The re-evaluation of the effective yields for BM11 following the similar revisit of the JET data has indicated significant increase of erosion and motivated the current re-visit of ERO simulations. Keywords: Beryllium, Erosion, ITER first wall, JET ITER-like wall, ERO code, Modelling

Published
2019

28. The effect of beryllium oxide on retention in JET ITER-like wall tiles

Author

JET Contributors, Makepeace, C., Pardanaud, C., Roubin, P., Borodkina, I., Ayres, C., Coad, P., Baron-Wiechec, A., Jepu, I., Heinola, K., Widdowson, A., Lozano-Perez, S., Abduallev, S., Abhangi, M., Abreu, P., Afzal, M., Aggarwal, K. M., Ahlgren, T., Ahn, J. H., Aho-Mantila, L., Aiba, N., Airila, M., Albanese, R., Aldred, V., Alegre, D., Alessi, E., Aleynikov, P., Alfier, A., Alkseev, A., Allinson, M., Alper, B., Alves, E., Ambrosino, G., Ambrosino, R., Amicucci, L., Amosov, V., Sunden, E. Andersson, Angelone, M., Anghel, M., Angioni, C., Appel, L., Appelbee, C., Arena, P., Ariola, M., Arnichand, H., Arshad, S., Ash, A., Ashikawa, N., Aslanyan, V., Asunta, O., Auriemma, F., Austin, Y., Avotina, L., Axton, M. D., Bacharis, M., Baciero, A., Baiao, D., Bailey, S., Baker, A., Balboa, I., Balden, M., Balshaw, N., Bament, R., Banks, J. W., Baranov, Y. F., Barnard, M. A., Barnes, D., Barnes, M., Barnsley, R., Wiechec, A. Baron, Orte, L. Barrera, Baruzzo, M., Basiuk, V., Bassan, M., Bastow, R., Batista, A., Batistoni, P., Baughan, R., Bauvir, B., Baylor, L., Bazylev, B., Beal, J., Beaumont, P. S., Beckers, M., Beckett, B., Becoulet, A., Bekris, N., Beldishevski, M., Bell, K., Belli, F., Bellinger, M., Belonohy, E., Ben Ayed, N., Benterman, N. A., Bergsaker, H., Bernardo, J., Bernert, M., Berry, M., Bertalot, L., Besliu, C., Beurskens, M., Bieg, B., Bielecki, J., Biewer, T., Bigi, M., Bilkova, P., Binda, F., Bisoffi, A., Bizarro, J. P. S., Bjorkas, C., Blackburn, J., Blackman, K., Blackman, T. R., Blanchard, P., Blatchford, P., Bobkov, V., Boboc, A., Bodnar, G., Bogar, O., Bolshakova, I., Bolzonella, T., Bonanomi, N., Bonelli, F., Boom, J., Booth, J., Borba, D., Borodin, D., Botrugno, A., Bottereau, C., Boulting, P., Bourdelle, C., Bowden, M., Bower, C., Bowman, C., Boyce, T., Boyd, C., Boyer, H. J., Bradshaw, J. M. A., Braic, V., Bravanec, R., Breizman, B., Bremond, S., Brennan, P. D., Breton, S., Brett, A., Brezinsek, S., Bright, M. D. J., Brix, M., Broeckx, W., Brombin, M., Broslawski, A., Brown, D. P. D., Brown, M., Bruno, E., Bucalossi, J., Buch, J., Buchanan, J., Buckley, M. A., Budny, R., Bufferand, H., Bulman, M., Bulmer, N., Bunting, P., Buratti, P., Burckhart, A., Buscarino, A., Busse, A., Butler, N. K., Bykov, I., Byrne, J., Cahyna, P., Calabro, G., Calvo, I., Camenen, Y., Camp, P., Campling, D. C., Cane, J., Cannas, B., Capel, A. J., Card, P. J., Cardinali, A., Carman, P., Carr, M., Carralero, D., Carraro, L., Carvalho, B. B., Carvalho, I., Carvalho, P., Casson, F. J., Castaldo, C., Catarino, N., Caumont, J., Causa, F., Cavazzana, R., Cave-Ayland, K., Cavinato, M., Cecconello, M., Ceccuzzi, S., Cecil, E., Cenedese, A., Cesario, R., Challis, C. D., Chandler, M., Chandra, D., Chang, C. S., Chankin, A., Chapman, I. T., Chapman, S. C., Chernyshova, M., Chitarin, G., Ciraolo, G., Ciric, D., Citrin, J., Clairet, F., Clark, E., Clark, M., Clarkson, R., Clatworthy, D., Clements, C., Cleverly, M., Coad, J. P., Coates, P. A., Cobalt, A., Coccorese, V., Cocilovo, V., Coda, S., Coelho, R., Coenen, J. W., Coffey, I., Colas, L., Collins, S., Conka, D., Conroy, S., Conway, N., Coombs, D., Cooper, D., Cooper, S. R., Corradino, C., Corre, Y., Corrigan, G., Cortes, S., Coster, D., Couchman, A. S., Cox, M. P., Craciunescu, T., Cramp, S., Craven, R., Crisanti, F., Croci, G., Croft, D., Crombe, K., Crowe, R., Cruz, N., Cseh, G., Cufar, A., Cullen, A., Curuia, M., Czarnecka, A., Dabirikhah, H., Dalgliesh, P., Dalley, S., Dankowski, J., Darrow, D., Davies, O., Davis, W., Day, C., Day, I. E., De Bock, M., Castro, A. de, Cal, E. de la, Luna, E. de la, De Masi, G., Pablos, J. L. de, Temmerman, G., De, De Tommasi, G., Vries, P. de, Deakin, K., Deane, J., Agostini, F. Degli, Dejarnac, R., Delabie, E., Harder, N. den, Dendy, R. 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Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla. RNM138: Física Nuclear Aplicada, Department of Materials, University of Oxford [Oxford], Physique des interactions ioniques et moléculaires (PIIM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute) [Moscow, Russia], Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Culham Centre for Fusion Energy (CCFE), National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics (INFLPR), University of Helsinki, University of Oxford, Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Department of Physics, and Materials Physics

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Technology and Engineering, ADSORPTION, Materials science, Hydrogen, oxidation, Beryllium oxide, Materials Science (miscellaneous), chemistry.chemical_element, OXIDATION, 114 Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, o-2, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Fusion, plasma och rymdfysik, chemistry.chemical_compound, Adsorption, 0103 physical sciences, H2O, h2o, ddc:530, Composite material, 010302 applied physics, Jet (fluid), Physics, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, HYDROGEN, Microstructure, lcsh:TK9001-9401, Fusion, Plasma and Space Physics, O-2, respiratory tract diseases, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, chemistry, adsorption, 13. Climate action, hydrogen, lcsh:Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, Beryllium
Abstract

Preliminary results investigating the microstructure, bonding and effect of beryllium oxide formation on retention in the JET ITER-like wall beryllium tiles, are presented. The tiles have been investigated by several techniques: Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) equipped with Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), Transmission Electron microscopy (TEM) equipped with EDX and Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS), Raman Spectroscopy and Thermal Desorption Spectroscopy (TDS). This paper focuses on results from melted materials of the dump plate tiles in JET. From our results and the literature, it is concluded, beryllium can form micron deep oxide islands contrary to the nanometric oxides predicted under vacuum conditions. The deepest oxides analyzed were up to 2-micron thicknesses. The beryllium Deuteroxide (BeOxDy) bond was found with Raman Spectroscopy. Application of EELS confirmed the oxide presence and stoichiometry. Literature suggests these oxides form at temperatures greater than 700 degrees C where self-diffusion of beryllium ions through the surface oxide layer can occur. Further oxidation is made possible between oxygen plasma impurities and the beryllium ions now present at the wall surface. Under Ultra High Vacuum (UHV) nanometric Beryllium oxide layers are formed and passivate at room temperature. After continual cyclic heating (to the point of melt formation) in the presence of oxygen impurities from the plasma, oxide growth to the levels seen experimentally (approximately two microns) is proposed. This retention mechanism is not considered to contribute dramatically to overall retention in JET, due to low levels of melt formation. However, this mechanism, thought the result of operation environment and melt formation, could be of wider concern to ITER, dependent on wall temperatures. For complete list of authors see http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nme.2019.02.022

Published
2019

29. Investigation of deuterium trapping and release in the JET ITER-like wall divertor using TDS and TMAP

Author

JET Contributors, Likonen, J., Heinola, K., De Backer, A., Baron-Wiechec, A., Catarino, N., Jepu, I., Ayres, C. F., Goad, P., Koivuranta, S., Krat, S., Matthews, G. F., Mayer, M., Widdowson, A., Litaudon, X., Abduallev, S., Abhangi, M., Abreu, P., Afzal, M., Aggarwal, K. M., Ahlgren, T., Ahn, J. H., Aho-Mantila, L., Aiba, N., Airila, M., Albanese, R., Aldred, V., Alegre, D., Alessi, E., Aleynikov, P., Alfier, A., Alkseev, A., Allinson, M., Alper, B., Alves, E., Ambrosino, G., Ambrosino, R., Amicucci, L., Amosov, V., Sunden, E. Andersson, Angelone, M., Anghel, M., Angioni, C., Appel, L., Appelbee, C., Arena, P., Ariola, M., Arnichand, H., Arshad, S., Ash, A., Ashikawa, N., Aslanyan, V., Asunta, O., Auriemma, F., Austin, Y., Avotina, L., Axton, M. D., Ayres, C., Bacharis, M., Baciero, A., Baiao, D., Bailey, S., Baker, A., Balboa, I., Balden, M., Balshaw, N., Bament, R., Banks, J. W., Baranov, Y. F., Barnard, M. A., Barnes, D., Barnes, M., Barnsley, R., Wiechec, A. Baron, Orte, L. Barrera, Baruzzo, M., Basiuk, V., Bassan, M., Bastow, R., Batista, A., Batistoni, P., Baughan, R., Bauvir, B., Baylor, L., Bazylev, B., Beal, J., Beaumont, P. S., Beckers, M., Beckett, B., Becoulet, A., Bekris, N., Beldishevski, M., Bell, K., Belli, F., Bellinger, M., Belonohy, E., Ben Ayed, N., Benterman, N. A., Bergsaker, H., Bernardo, J., Bernert, M., Berry, M., Bertalot, L., Besliu, C., Beurskens, M., Bieg, B., Bielecki, J., Biewer, T., Bigi, M., Bilkova, P., Binda, F., Bisoffi, A., Bizarro, J. P. S., Bjorkas, C., Blackburn, J., Blackman, K., Blackman, T. R., Blanchard, P., Blatchford, P., Bobkov, V., Boboc, A., Bodnar, G., Bogar, O., Bolshakova, I., Bolzonella, T., Bonanomi, N., Bonelli, F., Boom, J., Booth, J., Borba, D., Borodin, D., Borodkina, I., Botrugno, A., Bottereau, C., Boulting, P., Bourdelle, C., Bowden, M., Bower, C., Bowman, C., Boyce, T., Boyd, C., Boyer, H. J., Bradshaw, J. M. A., Braic, V., Bravanec, R., Breizman, B., Bremond, S., Brennan, P. D., Breton, S., Brett, A., Brezinsek, S., Bright, M. D. J., Brix, M., Broeckx, W., Brombin, M., Broslawski, A., Brown, D. P. D., Brown, M., Bruno, E., Bucalossi, J., Buch, J., Buchanan, J., Buckley, M. A., Budny, R., Bufferand, H., Bulman, M., Bulmer, N., Bunting, P., Buratti, P., Burckhart, A., Buscarino, A., Busse, A., Butler, N. K., Bykov, I., Byrne, J., Cahyna, P., Calabro, G., Calvo, I., Camenen, Y., Camp, P., Campling, D. C., Cane, J., Cannas, B., Capel, A. J., Card, P. J., Cardinali, A., Carman, P., Carr, M., Carralero, D., Carraro, L., Carvalho, B. B., Carvalho, I., Carvalho, P., Casson, F. J., Castaldo, C., Caumont, J., Causa, F., Cavazzana, R., Cave-Ayland, K., Cavinato, M., Cecconello, M., Ceccuzzi, S., Cecil, E., Cenedese, A., Cesario, R., Challis, C. D., Chandler, M., Chandra, D., Chang, C. S., Chankin, A., Chapman, I. T., Chapman, S. C., Chernyshova, M., Chitarin, G., Ciraolo, G., Ciric, D., Citrin, J., Clairet, F., Clark, E., Clark, M., Clarkson, R., Clatworthy, D., Clements, C., Cleverly, M., Coad, J. P., Coates, P. A., Cobalt, A., Coccorese, V., Cocilovo, V., Coda, S., Coelho, R., Coenen, J. W., Coffey, I., Colas, L., Collins, S., Conka, D., Conroy, S., Conway, N., Coombs, D., Cooper, D., Cooper, S. R., Corradino, C., Corre, Y., Corrigan, G., Cortes, S., Coster, D., Couchman, A. S., Cox, M. P., Craciunescu, T., Cramp, S., Craven, R., Crisanti, F., Croci, G., Croft, D., Crombe, K., Crowe, R., Cruz, N., Cseh, G., Cufar, A., Cullen, A., Curuia, M., Czarnecka, A., Dabirikhah, H., Dalgliesh, P., Dalley, S., Dankowski, J., Darrow, D., Davies, O., Davis, W., Day, C., Day, I. E., De Bock, M., Castro, A. de, Cal, E. de la, Luna, E. de la, De Masi, G., Pablos, J. L. de, Temmerman, G., De, De Tommasi, G., Vries, P. de, Deakin, K., Deane, J., Agostini, F. Degli, Dejarnac, R., Delabie, E., Harder, N. den, Dendy, R. O., Denis, J., Denner, P., Devaux, S., Devynck, P., Di Maio, F., Di Siena, A., Di Troia, C., Dinca, P., D’Inca, R., Ding, B., Dittmar, T., Doerk, H., Doerner, R. P., Donne, T., Dorling, S. E., Dormido-Canto, S., Doswon, S., Douai, D., Doyle, P. T., Drenik, A., Drewelow, P., Drews, P., Duckworth, Ph, Dumont, R., Dumortier, P., Dunai, D., Dunne, M., Duran, I., Durodie, F., Dutta, P., Duval, B. P., Dux, R., Dylst, K., Dzysiuk, N., Edappala, P. V., Edmond, J., Edwards, A. M., Edwards, J., Eich, Th, Ekedahl, A., El-Jorf, R., Elsmore, C. G., Enachescu, M., Ericsson, G., Eriksson, F., Eriksson, J., Eriksson, L. G., Esposito, B., Esquembri, S., Esser, H. G., Esteve, D., Evans, B., Evans, G. E., Evison, G., Ewart, G. D., Fagan, D., Faitsch, M., Falie, D., Fanni, A., Fasoli, A., Faustin, J. M., Fawlk, N., Fazendeiro, L., Fedorczak, N., Felton, R. C., Fenton, K., Fernades, A., Fernandes, H., Ferreira, J., Fessey, J. A., Fevrier, O., Ficker, O., Field, A., Fietz, S., Figueiredo, A., Figueiredo, J., Fil, A., Finburg, P., Firdaouss, M., Fischer, U., Fittill, L., Fitzgerald, M., Flammini, D., Flanagan, J., Fleming, C., Flinders, K., Fonnesu, N., Fontdecaba, J. M., Formisano, A., Forsythe, L., Fortuna, L., Fortuna-Zalesna, E., Fortune, M., Foster, S., Franke, T., Franklin, T., Frasca, M., Frassinetti, L., Freisinger, M., Fresa, R., Frigione, D., Fuchs, V., Fuller, D., Futatani, S., Fyvie, J., Gal, K., Galassi, D., Galazka, K., Galdon-Quiroga, J., Gallagher, J., Gallart, D., Galvao, R., Gao, X., Gao, Y., Garcia, J., Garcia-Carrasco, A., Garcia-Munoz, M., Gardarein, J.-L., Garzotti, L., Gaudio, P., Gauthier, E., Gear, D. F., Gee, S. J., Geiger, B., Gelfusa, M., Gerasimov, S., Gervasini, G., Gethins, M., Ghani, Z., Ghate, M., Gherendi, M., Giacalone, J. C., Giacomelli, L., Gibson, C. S., Giegerich, T., Gil, C., Gil, L., Gilligan, S., Gin, D., Giovannozzi, E., Girardo, J. B., Giroud, C., Giruzzi, G., Gloeggler, S., Godwin, J., Goff, J., Gohil, P., Goloborod’ko, V., Gomes, R., Goncalves, B., Goniche, M., Goodliffe, M., Goodyear, A., Gorini, G., Gosk, M., Goulding, R., Goussarov, A., Gowland, R., Graham, B., Graham, M. E., Graves, J. P., Grazier, N., Grazier, P., Green, N. R., Greuner, H., Grierson, B., Griph, F. S., Grisolia, C., Grist, D., Groth, M., Grove, R., Grundy, C. N., Grzonka, J., Guard, D., Guerard, C., Guillemaut, C., Guirlet, R., Gurl, C., Utoh, H. H., Hackett, L. J., Hacquin, S., Hagar, A., Hager, R., Hakola, A., Halitovs, M., Hall, S. J., Cook, S. P. Hallworth, Hamlyn-Harris, C., Hammond, K., Harrington, C., Harrison, J., Harting, D., Hasenbeck, F., Hatano, Y., Hatch, D. R., Haupt, T. D. V., Hawes, J., Hawkes, N. C., Hawkins, J., Hawkins, P., Haydon, P. W., Hayter, N., Hazel, S., Heesterman, P. J. L., Hellesen, C., Hellsten, T., Helou, W., Hemming, O. N., Hender, T. C., Henderson, M., Henderson, S. S., Henriques, R., Hepple, D., Hermon, G., Hertout, P., Hidalgo, C., Highcock, E. G., Hill, M., Hillairet, J., Hillesheim, J., Hillis, D., Hizanidis, K., Hjalmarsson, A., Hobirk, J., Hodille, E., Hogben, C. H. A., Hogeweij, G. M. D., Hollingsworth, A., Hollis, S., Homfray, D. A., Horacek, J., Hornung, G., Horton, A. R., Horton, L. D., Horvath, L., Hotchin, S. P., Hough, M. R., Howarth, P. J., Hubbard, A., Huber, A., Huber, V., Huddleston, T. M., Hughes, M., Huijsmans, G. T. A., Hunter, C. L., Huynh, P., Hynes, A. M., Iglesias, D., Imazawa, N., Imbeaux, F., Imrisek, M., Incelli, M., Innocente, P., Irishkin, M., Ivanova-Stanik, I., Jachmich, S., Jacobsen, A. S., Jacquet, P., Jansons, J., Jardin, A., Jarvinen, A., Jaulmes, F., Jednorog, S., Jenkins, I., Jeong, C., Joffrin, E., Johnson, R., Johnson, T., Johnston, Jane, Joita, L., Jones, G., Jones, T. T. C., Hoshino, K. K., Kallenbach, A., Kamiya, K., Kaniewski, J., Kantor, A., Kappatou, A., Karhunen, J., Karkinsky, D., Karnowska, I., Kaufman, M., Kaveney, G., Kazakov, Y., Kazantzidis, V., Keeling, D. L., Keenan, T., Keep, J., Kempenaars, M., Kennedy, C., Kenny, D., Kent, J., Kent, O. N., Khilkevich, E., Kim, H. T., Kim, H. S., Kinch, A., King, C., King, D., King, R. F., Kinna, D. J., Kiptily, V., Kirk, A., Kirov, K., Kirschner, A., Kizane, G., Klepper, C., Klix, A., Knight, P., Knipe, S. J., Knott, S., Kobuchi, T., Koechl, F., Kocsis, G., Kodeli, I., Kogan, L., Kogut, D., Kominis, Y., Koeppen, M., Kos, B., Koskela, T., Koslowski, H. R., Koubiti, M., Kovari, M., Kowalska-Strzeciwilk, E., Krasilnikov, A., Krasilnikov, V., Krawczyk, N., Kresina, M., Krieger, K., Krivska, A., Kruezi, U., Ksiazek, I., Kukushkin, A., Kundu, A., Kurki-Suonio, T., Kwak, S., Kwiatkowski, R., Kwon, O. J., Laguardia, L., Lahtinen, A., Laing, A., Lam, N., Lambertz, H. T., Lane, C., Lang, P. T., Lanthaler, S., Lapins, J., Lasa, A., Last, J. R., Laszynska, E., Lawless, R., Lawson, A., Lawson, K. D., Lazaros, A., Lazzaro, E., Leddy, J., Lee, S., Lefebvre, X., Leggate, H. J., Lehmann, J., Lehnen, M., Leichtle, D., Leichuer, P., Leipold, F., Lengar, I., Lennholm, M., Lerche, E., Lescinskis, A., Lesnoj, S., Letellier, E., Leyland, M., Leysen, W., Li, L., Liang, Y., Linke, J., Linsmeier, Ch, Lipschultz, B., Liu, G., Liu, Y., Lo Schiavo, V. P., Loarer, T., Loarte, A., Lobel, R. C., Lomanowski, B., Lomas, P. J., Lonnroth, J., Lopez, J. M., Lopez-Razola, J., Lorenzini, R., Losada, U., Lovell, J. J., Loving, A. B., Lowry, C., Luce, T., Lucock, R. M. A., Lukin, A., Luna, C., Lungaroni, M., Lungu, C. P., Lungu, M., Lunniss, A., Lupelli, I., Lyssoivan, A., Macdonald, N., Macheta, P., Maczewa, K., Magesh, B., Maget, P., Maggi, C., Maier, H., Mailloux, J., Makkonen, T., Makwana, R., Malaquias, A., Malizia, A., Manas, P., Manning, A., Manso, M. E., Mantica, P., Mantsinen, M., Manzanares, A., Maquet, Ph, Marandet, Y., Marcenko, N., Marchetto, C., Marchuk, O., Marinelli, M., Marinucci, M., Markovic, T., Marocco, D., Marot, L., Marren, C. A., Marshal, R., Martin, A., Martin, Y., Martin de Aguilera, A., Martinez, F. J., Martin-Solis, J. R., Martynova, Y., Maruyama, S., Masiello, A., Maslov, M., Matejcik, S., Mattei, M., Maviglia, F., Mayoral, M. L., May-Smith, T., Mazon, D., Mazzotta, C., McAdams, R., McCarthy, P. J., McClements, K. G., McCormack, O., McCullen, P. A., McDonald, D., McIntosh, S., McKean, R., McKehon, J., Meadows, R. C., Meakins, A., Medina, F., Medland, M., Medley, S., Meigh, S., Meigs, A. G., Meisl, G., Meitner, S., Meneses, L., Menmuir, S., Mergia, K., Merrigan, I. R., Mertens, Ph, Meshchaninov, S., Messiaen, A., Meyer, H., Mianowski, S., Michling, R., Middleton-Gear, D., Miettunen, J., Militello, F., Militello-Asp, E., Miloshevsky, G., Mink, F., Minucci, S., Miyoshi, Y., Mlynar, J., Molina, D., Monakhov, I., Moneti, M., Mooney, R., Moradi, S., Mordijck, S., Moreira, L., Moreno, R., Moro, F., Morris, A. W., Morris, J., Moser, L., Mosher, S., Moulton, D., Murari, A., Muraro, A., Murphy, S., Asakura, N. N., Na, Y. S., Nabais, F., Naish, R., Nakano, T., Nardon, E., Naulin, V., Nave, M. F. F., Nedzelski, I., Nemtsev, G., Nespoli, F., Neto, A., Neu, R., Neverov, V. S., Newman, M., Nicholls, K. J., Nicolas, T., Nielsen, A. H., Nielsen, P., Nilsson, E., Nishijima, D., Noble, C., Nocente, M., Nodwell, D., Nordlund, K., Nordman, H., Nouailletas, R., Nunes, I., Oberkofler, M., Odupitan, T., Ogawa, M. T., O’Gorman, T., Okabayashi, M., Olney, R., Omolayo, O., O’Mullane, M., Ongena, J., Orsitto, F., Orszagh, J., Oswuigwe, B. I., Otin, R., Owen, A., Paccagnella, R., Pace, N., Pacella, D., Packer, L. W., Page, A., Pajuste, E., Palazzo, S., Pamela, S., Panja, S., Papp, P., Paprok, R., Parail, V., Park, M., Diaz, F. Parra, Parsons, M., Pasqualotto, R., Patel, A., Pathak, S., Paton, D., Patten, H., Pau, A., Pawelec, E., Soldan, C. Paz, Peackoc, A., Pearson, I. J., Pehkonen, S.-P., Peluso, E., Penot, C., Pereira, A., Pereira, R., Puglia, P. P. Pereira, Thun, C. Perez von, Peruzzo, S., Peschanyi, S., Peterka, M., Petersson, P., Petravich, G., Petre, A., Petrella, N., Petrzilka, V., Peysson, Y., Pfefferle, D., Philipps, V., Pillon, M., Pintsuk, G., Piovesan, P., Pires dos Reis, A., Piron, L., Pironti, A., Pisano, F., Pitts, R., Pizzo, F., Plyusnin, V., Pomaro, N., Pompilian, O. G., Pool, P. J., Popovichev, S., Porfiri, M. T., Porosnicu, C., Porton, M., Possnert, G., Potzel, S., Powell, T., Pozzi, J., Prajapati, V., Prakash, R., Prestopino, G., Price, D., Price, M., Price, R., Prior, P., Proudfoot, R., Pucella, G., Puglia, P., Puiatti, M. E., Pulley, D., Purahoo, K., Puetterich, Th, Rachlew, E., Rack, M., Ragona, R., Rainford, M. S. J., Rakha, A., Ramogida, G., Ranjan, S., Rapson, C. J., Rasmussen, J. J., Rathod, K., Ratta, G., Ratynskaia, S., Ravera, G., Rayner, C., Rebai, M., Reece, D., Reed, A., Refy, D., Regan, B., Regana, J., Reich, M., Reid, N., Reimold, F., Reinhart, M., Reinke, M., Reiser, D., Rendell, D., Reux, C., Reyes Cortes, S. D. A., Reynolds, S., Riccardo, V., Richardson, N., Riddle, K., Rigamonti, D., Rimini, F. G., Risner, J., Riva, M., Roach, C., Robins, R. J., Robinson, S. A., Robinson, T., Robson, D. W., Roccella, R., Rodionov, R., Rodrigues, P., Rodriguez, J., Rohde, V., Romanelli, F., Romanelli, M., Romanelli, S., Romazanov, J., Rowe, S., Rubel, M., Rubinacci, G., Rubino, G., Ruchko, L., Ruiz, M., Ruset, C., Rzadkiewicz, J., Saarelma, S., Sabot, R., Safi, E., Sagar, P., Saibene, G., Saint-Laurent, F., Salewski, M., Salmi, A., Salmon, R., Salzedas, F., Samaddar, D., Samm, U., Sandiford, D., Santa, P., Santala, M. I. K., Santos, B., Santucci, A., Sartori, F., Sartori, R., Sauter, O., Scannell, R., Schlummer, T., Schmid, K., Schmidt, V., Schmuck, S., Schneider, M., Schoepf, K., Schworer, D., Scott, S. D., Sergienko, G., Sertoli, M., Shabbir, A., Sharapov, S. E., Shaw, A., Shaw, R., Sheikh, H., Shepherd, A., Shevelev, A., Shumack, A., Sias, G., Sibbald, M., Sieglin, B., Silburn, S., Silva, A., Silva, C., Simmons, P. A., Simpson, J., Simpson-Hutchinson, J., Sinha, A., Sipila, S. K., Sips, A. C. C., Siren, P., Sirinelli, A., Sjostrand, H., Skiba, M., Skilton, R., Slabkowska, K., Slade, B., Smith, N., Smith, P. G., Smith, R., Smith, T. J., Smithies, M., Snoj, L., Soare, S., Solano, E. R., Somers, A., Sommariva, C., Sonato, P., Sopplesa, A., Sousa, J., Sozzi, C., Spagnolo, S., Spelzini, T., Spineanu, F., Stables, G., Stamatelatos, I., Stamp, M. F., Staniec, P., Stankunas, G., Stan-Sion, C., Stead, M. J., Stefanikova, E., Stepanov, I., Stephen, A. V., Stephen, M., Stevens, A., Stevens, B. D., Strachan, J., Strand, P., Strauss, H. R., Strom, P., Stubbs, G., Studholme, W., Subba, F., Summers, H. P., Svensson, J., Swiderski, L., Szabolics, T., Szawlowski, M., Szepesi, G., Suzuki, T. T., Tal, B., Tala, T., Talbot, A. R., Talebzadeh, S., Taliercio, C., Tamain, P., Tame, C., Tang, W., Tardocchi, M., Taroni, L., Taylor, D., Taylor, K. A., Tegnered, D., Telesca, G., Teplova, N., Terranova, D., Testa, D., Tholerus, E., Thomas, J., Thomas, J. D., Thomas, P., Thompson, A., Thompson, C.-A., Thompson, V. K., Thorne, L., Thornton, A., Thrysoe, A. S., Tigwell, P. A., Tipton, N., Tiseanu, I., Tojo, H., Tokitani, M., Tolias, P., Tomes, M., Tonner, P., Towndrow, M., Trimble, P., Tripsky, M., Tsalas, M., Tsavalas, P., Jun, D. Tskhakaya, Turner, I., Turner, M. M., Turnyanskiy, M., Tvalashvili, G., Tyrrell, S. G. J., Uccello, A., Ul-Abidin, Z., Uljanovs, J., Ulyatt, D., Urano, H., Uytdenhouwen, I., Vadgama, A. P., Valcarcel, D., Valentinuzzi, M., Valisa, M., Olivares, P. Vallejos, Valovic, M., Van De Mortel, M., Van Eester, D., Van Renterghem, W., Rooij, G. J. van, Varje, J., Varoutis, S., Vartanian, S., Vasava, K., Vasilopoulou, T., Vega, J., Verdoolaege, G., Verhoeven, R., Verona, C., Rinati, G. Verona, Veshchev, E., Vianello, N., Vicente, J., Viezzer, E., Villari, S., Villone, F., Vincenzi, P., Vinyar, I., Viola, B., Vitins, A., Vizvary, Z., Vlad, M., Voitsekhovitch, I., Vondracek, P., Vora, N., Vu, T., Pires de Sa, W. W., Wakeling, B., Waldon, C. W. F., Walkden, N., Walker, M., Walker, R., Walsh, M., Wang, E., Wang, N., Warder, S., Warren, R. J., Waterhouse, J., Watkins, N. W., Watts, C., Wauters, T., Weckmann, A., Weiland, J., Weisen, H., Weiszflog, M., Wellstood, C., West, A. T., Wheatley, M. R., Whetham, S., Whitehead, A. M., Whitehead, B. D., Widdowson, A. M., Wiesen, S., Wilkinson, J., Williams, J., Williams, M., Wilson, A. R., Wilson, D. J., Wilson, H. R., Wilson, J., Wischmeier, M., Withenshaw, G., Withycombe, A., Witts, D. M., Wood, D., Wood, R., Woodley, C., Wray, S., Wright, J., Wright, J. C., Wu, J., Wukitch, S., Wynn, A., Xu, T., Yadikin, D., Yanling, W., Yao, L., Yavorskij, V., Yoo, M. G., Young, C., Young, D., Young, I. D., Young, R., Zacks, J., Zagorski, R., Zaitsev, F. S., Zanino, R., Zarins, A., Zastrow, K. D., Zerbini, M., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., Zilli, E., Zoita, V., Zoletnik, S., Zychor, I., JET Contributors, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla. RNM138: Física Nuclear Aplicada, Doctoral Programme in Materials Research and Nanosciences, and Materials Physics

Subjects
retention, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Technology and Engineering, Materials science, Fuel retention, Materials Science (miscellaneous), Thermal desorption, Trapping, TILES, Mass spectrometry, 114 Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Fusion, plasma och rymdfysik, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, RETENTION, tiles, TDS, 010302 applied physics, Jet (fluid), ta214, Physics, Divertor, lcsh:TK9001-9401, Fusion, Plasma and Space Physics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Deuterium, JET, lcsh:Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, Atomic physics
Abstract

Selected set of samples from JET ITER-Like Wall (JET-ILW) divertor tiles exposed both in 2013-2014 and 2011-2014 has been analysed using Thermal Desorption Spectrometry (TDS). The deuterium (D) amounts obtained with TDS were compared with Ion Beam Analysis (IBA) and Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) data. The highest amount of D was found on the top part of inner divertor which has regions with the thickest deposited layers. This area resides deep in the scrape-off layer. Changes in plasma configurations between the first (2011-2012) and the second (2013-2014) JET-ILW campaign altered the material migration towards the inner and the outer divertor corner increasing the amount of deposition in the shadowed areas of the divertor base tiles. D retention on the outer divertor tiles is clearly smaller than on the inner divertor tiles. Experimental TDS spectra for samples from the top part of inner divertor and from the outer strike point region were modelled using TMAP program. Experimental deuterium profiles obtained with SIMS have been used and the detrapping and the activation energies have been adjusted. Analysis of the results of the TMAP simulations enabled to determine the nature of traps in different samples. For complete list of authors see http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nme.2019.02.031

Published
2019
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30. Overview of the JET ITER-like wall divertor

Author

Widdowson, A., Alves, E., Baron-Wiechec, A., Barradas, N. P., Catarino, N., Coad, J. P., Corregidor, V., Garcia-Carrasco, A., Heinola, K., Koivuranta, S., Krat, S., Lahtinen, A., Likonen, J., Mayer, M., Petersson, P., Rubel, M., Van Boxel, S., Abhangi, M., Abreu, P., Aftanas, M., Afzal, M., Aggarwal, K. M., Aho-Mantila, L., Ahonen, E., Aints, M., Airila, M., Albanese, R., Alegre, D., Alessi, E., Aleynikov, P., Alfier, A., Alkseev, A., Allan, P., Almaviva, S., Alonso, A., Alper, B., Alsworth, I., Alves, D., Ambrosino, G., Ambrosino, R., Amosov, V., Andersson, F., Andersson Sunden, E., Angelone, M., Anghel, A., Anghel, M., Angioni, C., Appel, L., Apruzzese, G., Arena, P., Ariola, M., Arnich, Arnoux, G., Arshad, S., Ash, A., Asp, E., Asunta, O., Atanasiu, C. V., Austin, Y., Avotina, L., Axton, M. D., Ayres, C., Bachmann, C., Baciero, A., Baiao, D., Bailescu, V., Baiocchi, B., Baker, A., Baker, R. A., Balboa, I., Balden, M., Balshaw, N., Bament, R., Banks, J. W., Baranov, Y. F., Barlow, I. L., Barnard, M. A., Barnes, D., Barnsley, R., Baron Wiechec, A., Baruzzo, M., Basiuk, V., Bassan, M., Bastow, R., Batista, A., Batistoni, P., Bauer, R., Bauvir, B., Bazylev, B., Beal, J., Beaumont, P. S., Becoulet, A., Bednarczyk, P., Bekris, N., Beldishevski, M., Bell, K., Belli, F., Bellinger, M., Belo, J. K., Belo, P., Belonohy, E., Benterman, N. A., Bergsaker, H., Bernardo, J., Bernert, M., Berry, M., Bertalot, L., Beurskens, M. N. A., Bieg, B., Bielecki, J., Biewer, T., Bigi, M., Bilkova, P., Binda, F., Bizarro, J. P. S., Bjorkas, C., Blackman, K., Blackman, T. R., Blanchard, P., Blanco, E., Blatchford, P., Bobkov, V., Boboc, A., Bodnar, G., Bogar, O., Bolzonella, T., Boncagni, L., Bonham, R., Bonheure, G., Boom, J., Booth, J., Borba, D., Borodin, D., Botrugno, A., Boulbe, C., Boulting, P., Bovert, K. V., Bowden, M., Bower, C., Boyce, T., Boyer, H. J., Bradshaw, J. M. A., Braic, V., Breizman, B., Bremond, S., Brennan, P. D., Brett, A., Brezinsek, S., Bright, M. D. J., Brix, M., Broeckx, W., Brombin, M., Brown, B. C., Brown, D. P. D., Brown, M., Bruno, E., Bucalossi, J., Buch, J., Buckley, M. A., Bucko, K., Budny, R., Buffer, Bulman, M., Bulmer, N., Bunting, P., Buratti, P., Burcea, G., Burckhart, A., Buscarino, A., Butcher, P. R., Butler, N. K., Bykov, I., Byrne, J., Byszuk, A., Cackett, A., Cahyna, P., Cain, G., Calabro, G., Callaghan, C. P., Campling, D. C., Cane, J., Cannas, B., Capel, A. J., Caputano, M., Card, P. J., Cardinali, A., Carman, P., Carralero, D., Carraro, L., Carvalho, B. B., Carvalho, I., Carvalho, P., Casson, F. J., Castaldo, C., Cavazzana, R., Cavinato, M., Cazzaniga, A., Cecconello, M., Cecil, E., Cenedese, A., Centioli, C., Cesario, R., Challis, C. D., ler, M., ra, D., Chang, C. S., Chankin, A., Chapman, I. T., Chapman, S. C., Chernyshova, M., Chiru, P., Chitarin, G., Chouli, B., Chung, N., Ciraolo, G., Ciric, D., Citrin, J., Clairet, F., Clark, E., Clatworthy, D., Clay, R., Clever, M., Coates, P. A., Coccorese, V., Cocilovo, V., Coda, S., Coelho, R., Coenen, J. W., Coffey, I., Colas, L., Collins, S., Conboy, J. E., Conroy, S., Cook, N., Coombs, D., Cooper, D., Cooper, S. R., Corre, Y., Corrigan, G., Cortes, S., Coster, D., Couchman, A. S., Cox, M., Cox, M. P., Cox, P., Craciunescu, T., Cramp, S., Crisanti, F., Cristescu, I., Croci, G., Croft, O., Crombe, K., Crowe, R., Cruz, N., Cseh, G., Cull, K., Cupido, L., Curran, D., Curuia, M., Czarnecka, A., Czarski, T., Dalley, S., Dalziel, A., Darrow, D., Davies, R., Davis, W., Day, C., Day, I. E., de la Cal, E., de la Luna, E., De Magistris, M., de Pablos, J. L., De Tommasi, G., de Vries, P. C., Deakin, K., Deane, J., Decker, J., Degli Agostini, F., Dejarnac, R., Delabie, E., den Harder, N., Dendy, R. O., Denner, P., Devaux, S., Devynck, P., Di Maio, F., Di Pace, L., Dittmar, T., Dodt, D., Donne, T., Dooley, P., Dorling, S. E., Dormido-Canto, S., Doswon, S., Douai, D., Doyle, P. T., Dreischuh, T., Drewelow, P., Drozdov, V., Drozdowicz, K., Dumont, R., Dumortier, P., Dunai, D., Dunne, M., Duran, I., Durodie, F., Dutta, P., Duval, B., Dux, R., Dylst, K., Dzysiuk, N., Edappala, P. V., Edwards, A. M., Eich, Th., Ekedahl, A., Elevant, T., El-Jorf, R., Elsmore, C. G., Ericsson, G., Eriksson, A., Eriksson, J., Eriksson, L. G., Esposito, B., Esser, H. G., Esteve, D., Evans, G. E., Evans, J., Ewart, G. D., Ewers, D. T., Fagan, D., Falie, D., Farthing, J. W., Fasoli, A., Fattorini, L., Faugeras, B., Faustin, J., Fawlk, N., Federici, G., Fedorczak, N., Felton, R. C., Fenzi, C., Fernades, A., Fern, es, H., Ferreira, J., Fessey, J. A., Figini, L., Figueiredo, A., Figueiredo, J., Fil, A., Finburg, P., Firdaouss, M., Fischer, U., Fittill, L., Fitzgerald, M., Flammini, D., Flanagan, J., Fleming, C., Flinders, K., Formisano, A., Forsythe, L., Fortuna, L., Fortune, M., Frasca, M., Frassinetti, L., Freisinger, M., Fresa, R., Frigione, D., Fuchs, V., Fyvie, J., Gadomska, M., Gal, K., Galperti, C., Galvao, R., Gao, X., Garavaglia, S., Garcia, J., Garcia-Munoz, M., Gardner, M., Garzotti, L., Gaudio, P., Gauthier, E., Gaze, J. W., Gear, D. F., Gee, S. J., Gelfusa, M., Genangeli, E., Gerasimov, S., Gervasini, G., Ghate, M., Gherendi, M., Giacalone, J. C., Giacomelli, L., Gibson, C. S., Giegerich, T., Gin, D., Giovannozzi, E., Girardo, J. B., Giroud, C., Giruzzi, G., Gleason-Gonzalez, C., Godwin, J., Gohil, P., Gojska, A., Goloborod'ko, V., Gomes, R., Goncalves, B., Goniche, M., Gonzalez, S., Goodsell, B., Goodyear, A., Gorini, G., Goussarov, A., Graham, B., Graham, M. E., Graves, J., Grazier, N., Green, N. R., Greuner, H., Grigore, E., Griph, F. S., Grisolia, C., Grist, D., Groth, M., Grundy, C. N., Gryaznevich, M., Guard, D., Gubb, D., Guillemaut, C., Guo, Y., Utoh, H. H., Hackett, L. J., Hacquin, S., Hagar, A., Hakola, A., Halitovs, M., Hall, S. J., Hallworth Cook, S. P., Hammond, K., Hart, J., Harting, D., Hartmann, N., Haupt, T. D. V., Hawkes, N. C., Hawkins, J., Haydon, P. W., Hazel, S., Heesterman, P. J. L., Hellesen, C., Hellsten, T., Helou, W., Hemming, O. N., Hender, T. C., Henderson, M., Henriques, R., Hepple, D., Hermon, G., Hidalgo, C., Highcock, E. G., Hill, J. W., Hill, M., Hillairet, J., Hillesheim, J., Hillis, D., Hjalmarsson, A., Hobirk, J., Hogben, C. H. A., Hogeweij, G. M. D., Homfray, D. A., Horacek, J., Horton, A. R., Horton, L. D., Hotchin, S. P., Hough, M. R., Howarth, P. J., Huber, A., Huddleston, T. M., Hughes, M., Hunter, C. L., Hurzlmeier, H., Huygen, S., Huynh, P., Igitkhanov, J., Iglesias, D., Imrisek, M., Ivanova, D., Ivanova-Stanik, I., Ivings, E., Jachmich, S., Jacobsen, A. S., Jacquet, P., Jakubowska, K., James, J., Janky, F., Jarvinen, A., Jaulmes, F., Jednorog, S., Jenkins, C., Jenkins, I., Jesko, K., Joffrin, E., Johnson, R., Johnson, T., Joita, L., Jones, G., Jones, T. T. C., Joyce, L., Jupen, C., Hoshino, K. K., Kallenbach, A., Kalupin, D., Kamiya, K., Kaniewski, J., Kantor, A., Karhunen, J., Kasprowicz, G., Kaveney, G., Kazakov, Y., Keeling, D. L., Keep, J., Kempenaars, M., Kennedy, C., Kenny, D., Khilkevich, E., Kiisk, M., Kim, H. -T., Kim, H. S., King, C., King, D., King, R. F., Kinna, D. J., Kiptily, V., Kirov, K., Kirschner, A., Kizane, G., Klepper, C., Knaup, M., Knipe, S. J., Kobuchi, T., Kochl, F., Kocsis, G., Kogut, D., Koppen, M., Koskela, T., Koslowski, H. R., Kotov, V., Kowalska-Strzeciwilk, E., Krasilnikov, A., Krasilnikov, V., Kreter, A., Krieger, K., Krivchenkov, Y., Krivska, A., Kruezi, U., Ksiazek, I., Kukushkin, A., Kundu, A., Kurki-Suonio, T., Kwon, O. T., Kyrytsya, V., Laan, M., Labate, C., Laguardia, L., Lam, N., Lane, C., Lang, P. T., Lapins, J., Lasa, A., Last, J. R., Lawson, A., Lawson, K. D., Lazaros, A., Lazzaro, E., Lee, S., Leggate, H. J., Lehnen, M., Leichtle, D., Leichuer, P., Leipold, F., Lengar, I., Lennholm, M., Lerche, E., Leyl, Leysen, W., Liang, Y., Lindholm, V., Linke, J., Linsmeier, Ch., Lipschultz, B., Litaudon, X., Liu, G., Liu, Y., Lo Schiavo, V. P., Loarer, T., Loarte, A., Lobel, R. C., Lohr, N., Lomas, P. J., Lonnroth, J., Lopez, J., Lopez, J. M., Louche, F., Loving, A. B., Lowbridge, S., Lowry, C., Luce, T., Lucock, R. M. A., Lukin, A., Lungu, A. M., Lungu, C. P., Lupelli, I., Lyssoivan, A., Macheta, P., Mackenzie, A. S., Maddaluno, G., Maddison, G. P., Magesh, B., Maget, P., Maggi, C. F., Maier, H., Mailloux, J., Maj, A., Makkonen, T., Makwana, R., Malaquias, A., Mansffield, F., Mansfield, M., Manso, M. E., Mantica, P., Mantsinen, M., Manzanares, A., Mar, et, Y., Marcenko, N., Marchetto, C., Marchuk, O., Marinelli, M., Marinucci, M., Markovic, T., Marocco, D., Marot, L., Marren, C. A., Marsen, S., Marshal, R., Martin, A., Martin, D. L., Martin, Y., Martin de Aguilera, A., Martin-Solis, J. R., Masiello, A., Maslov, M., Maslova, V., Matejcik, S., Mattei, M., Matthews, G. F., Matveev, D., Matveev, M., Maviglia, F., Mayoral, M. -L., Mazon, D., Mazzotta, C., McAdams, R., McCarthy, P. J., McClements, K. G., McCormick, K., McCullen, P. A., McDonald, D., Mcgregor, R., McKean, R., McKehon, J., McKinley, R., Meadows, I., Meadows, R. C., Medina, F., Medl, Medley, S., Meigh, S., Meigs, A. G., Meneses, L., Menmuir, S., Merrigan, I. R., Mertens, Ph., Meshchaninov, S., Messiaen, A., Meszaros, B., Meyer, H., Miano, G., Michling, R., Middleton-Gear, D., Miettunen, J., Migliucci, P., Militello-Asp, E., Minucci, S., Mirizzi, F., Miyoshi, Y., Mlynar, J., Monakhov, I., Monier-Garbet, P., Mooney, R., Moradi, S., Mordijck, S., Moreira, L., Moreno, R., Morgan, P. D., Morgan, R., Morley, L., Morlock, C., Morris, A. W., Morris, J., Moser, L., Moulton, D., Murari, A., Muraro, A., Mustata, I., Asakura, N. N., Nabais, F., Nakano, T., Nardon, E., Naulin, V., Nave, M. F. F., Nedzelski, I., Neethiraj, N., Nemtsev, G., Nespoli, F., Neto, A., Neu, R., Neubauer, O., Newman, M., Nicholls, K. J., Nicolai, D., Nicolas, T., Nieckchen, P., Nielsen, P., Nightingale, M. P. S., Nilsson, E., Nishijima, D., Noble, C., Nocente, M., Nodwell, D., Nordman, H., Nunes, I., O'Meara, B., Oberkofler, M., Obryk, B., Odupitan, T., Ogawa, M. T., O'Gorman, T., Okabayashi, M., Olariu, S., O'Mullane, M., Ongena, J., Orsitto, F., Oswuigwe, B. I., Pace, N., Pacella, D., Page, A., Paget, A., Pagett, D., Pajuste, E., Palazzo, S., Pamela, J., Pamela, S., Panin, A., Panja, S., Papp, P., Parail, V., Paris, P., Parish, S. C. W., Park, M., Parsloe, A., Pasqualotto, R., Pearson, I. J., Pedrosa, M. A., Pereira, R., Perelli Cippo, E., Perez von Thun, Ch., Perez-Von-Thun, C., Pericoli-Ridolfini, V., Perona, A., Peruzzo, S., Peschanyi, S., Peterka, M., Petravich, G., Petrzilka, V., Pfefferle, D., Philipps, V., Pietropaolo, A., Pillon, M., Pintsuk, G., Piovesan, P., Pires dos Reis, A., Pironti, A., Pisano, F., Pitts, R., Plusczyk, C., Plyusnin, V., Pomaro, N., Pompilian, O., Pool, P. J., Popovichev, S., Porcelli, F., Porosnicu, C., Porton, M., Pospieszczyk, A., Possnert, G., Potzel, S., Powell, T., Pozniak, K., Pozzi, J., Prajapati, V., Prakash, R., Prestopino, G., Price, D., Price, R., Prior, P., Prokopowicz, R., Proudfoot, R., Puglia, P., Puiatti, M. E., Pulley, D., Purahoo, K., Putterich, T., Quercia, A., Rachlew, E., Rack, M., Raeder, J., Rainford, M. S. J., Ramogida, G., Ranjan, S., Rasmussen, J., Rasmussen, J. J., Rathod, K., Ratta, G., Rayner, C., Rebai, M., Reece, D., Reed, A., Refy, D., Regan, B., Regana, J., Reich, M., Reid, P., Reinelt, M., Reinke, M. L., Reinke, M., Reiser, D., Reiter, D., Rendell, D., Reux, C., Riccardo, V., Rimini, F. G., Riva, M., Roberts, J. E. C., Robins, R. J., Robinson, S. A., Robinson, T., Robson, D. W., Roddick, P., Rodionov, R., Rohde, V., Romanelli, F., Romanelli, M., Romanelli, S., Romano, A., Rowe, D., Rowe, S., Rowley, A., Rubinacci, G., Ruchko, L., Ruiz, M., Ruset, C., Ryc, L., Rzadkiewicz, J., Saarelma, S., Sabot, R., Sadakov, S., Safi, E., Sagar, P., Saibene, G., Saint-Laurent, F., Salewski, M., Salmi, A., Salzedas, F., Samm, U., S, iford, D., quist, P., Santa, P., Santala, M. I. K., Sartori, F., Sartori, R., Saunders, R., Sauter, O., Scannell, R., Scarabosio, A., Schlummer, T., Schmidt, V., Schmitz, O., Schmuck, S., Schneider, M., Scholz, M., Schopf, K., Schweer, B., Sergienko, G., Serikov, A., Sertoli, M., Shabbir, A., Shannon, M., Shannon, M. M. J., Sharapov, S. E., Shaw, I., Shaw, S. R., Shepherd, A., Shevelev, A., Shumack, A., Sibbald, M., Sieglin, B., Silva, C., Simmons, P. A., Sinha, A., Sipila, S. K., Sips, A. C. C., Siren, P., Sirinelli, A., Sjostr, Skiba, M., Skilton, R., Slade, B., Smith, N., Smith, P. G., Smith, T. J., Snoj, L., Soare, S., Solano, E. R., Soldatov, S., Sonato, P., Sopplesa, A., Sousa, J., Sowden, C. B. C., Sozzi, C., Sparkes, A., Spelzini, T., Spineanu, F., Stables, G., Stamatelatos, I., Stamp, M. F., Stancalie, V., Stankiewicz, R., Stankunas, G., Stano, M., Stan-Sion, C., Starkey, D. E., Stead, M. J., Stejner, M., Stephen, A. V., Stephen, M., Stevens, B. D., Stoyanov, D., Strachan, J., Str, Stransky, M., Strom, P., Stubbs, G., Studholme, W., Subba, F., Summers, H. P., Sun, Y., Svensson, J., Sykes, N., Syme, B. D., Szabolics, T., Szepesi, G., Szydlowski, A., Suzuki, T. T., Tabares, F., Takalo, V., Tal, B., Tala, T., Talbot, A. R., Taliercio, C., Tamain, P., Tame, C., Tardocchi, M., Taroni, L., Taylor, K. A., Telesca, G., Teplova, N., Terra, A., Testa, D., Teuchner, B., Tholerus, S., Thomas, F., Thomas, J. D., Thomas, P., Thompson, A., Thompson, C. -A., Thompson, V. K., Thomson, L., Thorne, L., Tigwell, P. A., Tipton, N., Tiseanu, I., Tojo, H., Tokar, M. Z., Tomes, M., Tonner, P., Tosti, S., Towndrow, M., Trimble, P., Tripsky, M., Tsalas, M., Tsitrone, E., Tskhakaya jun, D., Tudisco, O., Turner, I., Turner, M. M., Turnyanskiy, M., Tvalashvili, G., Tyrrell, S. G. J., Ul-Abidin, Z., Ulyatt, D., Unterberg, B., Urano, H., Uytdenhouwen, I., Vadgama, A. P., Valcarcel, D., Valisa, M., Valovic, M., Van Eester, D., Van Renterghem, W., van Rooij, G. J., Var, as, C. A. F., Varoutis, S., Vartanian, S., Vasava, K., Vdovin, V., Vega, J., Verdoolaege, G., Verhoeven, R., Verona, C., Vervier, M., Veshchev, E., Vezinet, D., Vicente, J., Villari, S., Villone, F., Vinyar, I., Viola, B., Vitelli, R., Vitins, A., Vlad, M., Voitsekhovitch, I., Vondracek, P., Vrancken, M., Pires de Sa, W. W., Waldon, C. W. F., Walker, M., Walsh, M., Warren, R. J., Waterhouse, J., Watkins, N. W., Watts, C., Wauters, T., Way, M. W., Webster, A., Weckmann, A., Weil, Weisen, H., Weiszflog, M., Welte, S., Wendel, J., Wenninger, R., West, A. T., Wheatley, M. R., Whetham, S., Whitehead, A. M., Whitehead, B. D., Whittington, P., Widdowson, A. M., Wiesen, S., Wilkes, D., Wilkinson, J., Williams, M., Wilson, A. R., Wilson, D. J., Wilson, H. R., Wischmeier, M., Withenshaw, G., Witts, D. M., Wojciech, D., Wojenski, A., Wood, D., Wood, S., Woodley, C., Woznicka, U., Wright, J., Wu, J., Yao, L., Yapp, D., Yavorskij, V., Yoo, M. G., Yorkshades, J., Young, C., Young, D., Young, I. D., Zabolotny, W., Zacks, J., Zagorski, R., Zaitsev, F. S., Zanino, R., Zaroschi, V., Zastrow, K. D., Zeidner, W., Ziolkowski, A., Zoita, V., Zoletnik, S., Zychor, I., JET Contributors, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, JET Contributors, Department of Physics, Widdowson, A., Alves, E., Baron-Wiechec, A., Barradas, N. P., Catarino, N., Coad, J. P., Corregidor, V., Garcia-Carrasco, A., Heinola, K., Koivuranta, S., Krat, S., Lahtinen, A., Likonen, J., Mayer, M., Petersson, P., Rubel, M., Van Boxel, S., Abhangi, M., Abreu, P., Aftanas, M., Afzal, M., Aggarwal, K. M., Aho-Mantila, L., Ahonen, E., Aints, M., Airila, M., Albanese, R., Alegre, D., Alessi, E., Aleynikov, P., Alfier, A., Alkseev, A., Allan, P., Almaviva, S., Alonso, A., Alper, B., Alsworth, I., Alves, D., Ambrosino, G., Ambrosino, R., Amosov, V., Andersson, F., Andersson Sunden, E., Angelone, M., Anghel, A., Anghel, M., Angioni, C., Appel, L., Apruzzese, G., Arena, P., Ariola, M., Arnich, Arnoux, G., Arshad, S., Ash, A., Asp, E., Asunta, O., Atanasiu, C. V., Austin, Y., Avotina, L., Axton, M. D., Ayres, C., Bachmann, C., Baciero, A., Baiao, D., Bailescu, V., Baiocchi, B., Baker, A., Baker, R. A., Balboa, I., Balden, M., Balshaw, N., Bament, R., Banks, J. W., Baranov, Y. F., Barlow, I. L., Barnard, M. A., Barnes, D., Barnsley, R., Baron Wiechec, A., Baruzzo, M., Basiuk, V., Bassan, M., Bastow, R., Batista, A., Batistoni, P., Bauer, R., Bauvir, B., Bazylev, B., Beal, J., Beaumont, P. S., Becoulet, A., Bednarczyk, P., Bekris, N., Beldishevski, M., Bell, K., Belli, F., Bellinger, M., Belo, J. K., Belo, P., Belonohy, E., Benterman, N. A., Bergsaker, H., Bernardo, J., Bernert, M., Berry, M., Bertalot, L., Beurskens, M. N. A., Bieg, B., Bielecki, J., Biewer, T., Bigi, M., Bilkova, P., Binda, F., Bizarro, J. P. S., Bjorkas, C., Blackman, K., Blackman, T. R., Blanchard, P., Blanco, E., Blatchford, P., Bobkov, V., Boboc, A., Bodnar, G., Bogar, O., Bolzonella, T., Boncagni, L., Bonham, R., Bonheure, G., Boom, J., Booth, J., Borba, D., Borodin, D., Botrugno, A., Boulbe, C., Boulting, P., Bovert, K. V., Bowden, M., Bower, C., Boyce, T., Boyer, H. J., Bradshaw, J. M. A., Braic, V., Breizman, B., Bremond, S., Brennan, P. D., Brett, A., Brezinsek, S., Bright, M. D. J., Brix, M., Broeckx, W., Brombin, M., Brown, B. C., Brown, D. P. D., Brown, M., Bruno, E., Bucalossi, J., Buch, J., Buckley, M. A., Bucko, K., Budny, R., Buffer, Bulman, M., Bulmer, N., Bunting, P., Buratti, P., Burcea, G., Burckhart, A., Buscarino, A., Butcher, P. R., Butler, N. K., Bykov, I., Byrne, J., Byszuk, A., Cackett, A., Cahyna, P., Cain, G., Calabro, G., Callaghan, C. P., Campling, D. C., Cane, J., Cannas, B., Capel, A. J., Caputano, M., Card, P. J., Cardinali, A., Carman, P., Carralero, D., Carraro, L., Carvalho, B. B., Carvalho, I., Carvalho, P., Casson, F. J., Castaldo, C., Cavazzana, R., Cavinato, M., Cazzaniga, A., Cecconello, M., Cecil, E., Cenedese, A., Centioli, C., Cesario, R., Challis, C. D., Ch, Ler, M., Ra, D., Chang, C. S., Chankin, A., Chapman, I. T., Chapman, S. C., Chernyshova, M., Chiru, P., Chitarin, G., Chouli, B., Chung, N., Ciraolo, G., Ciric, D., Citrin, J., Clairet, F., Clark, E., Clatworthy, D., Clay, R., Clever, M., Coates, P. A., Coccorese, V., Cocilovo, V., Coda, S., Coelho, R., Coenen, J. W., Coffey, I., Colas, L., Collins, S., Conboy, J. E., Conroy, S., Cook, N., Coombs, D., Cooper, D., Cooper, S. R., Corre, Y., Corrigan, G., Cortes, S., Coster, D., Couchman, A. S., Cox, M., Cox, M. P., Cox, P., Craciunescu, T., Cramp, S., Crisanti, F., Cristescu, I., Croci, G., Croft, O., Crombe, K., Crowe, R., Cruz, N., Cseh, G., Cull, K., Cupido, L., Curran, D., Curuia, M., Czarnecka, A., Czarski, T., Dalley, S., Dalziel, A., Darrow, D., Davies, R., Davis, W., Day, C., Day, I. E., de la Cal, E., de la Luna, E., De Magistris, M., de Pablos, J. L., De Tommasi, G., de Vries, P. C., Deakin, K., Deane, J., Decker, J., Degli Agostini, F., Dejarnac, R., Delabie, E., den Harder, N., Dendy, R. O., Denner, P., Devaux, S., Devynck, P., Di Maio, F., Di Pace, L., Dittmar, T., Dodt, D., Donne, T., Dooley, P., Dorling, S. E., Dormido-Canto, S., Doswon, S., Douai, D., Doyle, P. T., Dreischuh, T., Drewelow, P., Drozdov, V., Drozdowicz, K., Dumont, R., Dumortier, P., Dunai, D., Dunne, M., Duran, I., Durodie, F., Dutta, P., Duval, B., Dux, R., Dylst, K., Dzysiuk, N., Edappala, P. V., Edwards, A. M., Eich, Th., Ekedahl, A., Elevant, T., El-Jorf, R., Elsmore, C. G., Ericsson, G., Eriksson, A., Eriksson, J., Eriksson, L. G., Esposito, B., Esser, H. G., Esteve, D., Evans, G. E., Evans, J., Ewart, G. D., Ewers, D. T., Fagan, D., Falie, D., Farthing, J. W., Fasoli, A., Fattorini, L., Faugeras, B., Faustin, J., Fawlk, N., Federici, G., Fedorczak, N., Felton, R. C., Fenzi, C., Fernades, A., Fern, Es, H., Ferreira, J., Fessey, J. 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R., Greuner, H., Grigore, E., Griph, F. S., Grisolia, C., Grist, D., Groth, M., Grundy, C. N., Gryaznevich, M., Guard, D., Gubb, D., Guillemaut, C., Guo, Y., Utoh, H. H., Hackett, L. J., Hacquin, S., Hagar, A., Hakola, A., Halitovs, M., Hall, S. J., Hallworth Cook, S. P., Hammond, K., Hart, J., Harting, D., Hartmann, N., Haupt, T. D. V., Hawkes, N. C., Hawkins, J., Haydon, P. W., Hazel, S., Heesterman, P. J. L., Hellesen, C., Hellsten, T., Helou, W., Hemming, O. N., Hender, T. C., Henderson, M., Henriques, R., Hepple, D., Hermon, G., Hidalgo, C., Highcock, E. G., Hill, J. W., Hill, M., Hillairet, J., Hillesheim, J., Hillis, D., Hjalmarsson, A., Hobirk, J., Hogben, C. H. A., Hogeweij, G. M. D., Homfray, D. A., Horacek, J., Horton, A. R., Horton, L. D., Hotchin, S. P., Hough, M. R., Howarth, P. J., Huber, A., Huddleston, T. M., Hughes, M., Hunter, C. 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R., Kotov, V., Kowalska-Strzeciwilk, E., Krasilnikov, A., Krasilnikov, V., Kreter, A., Krieger, K., Krivchenkov, Y., Krivska, A., Kruezi, U., Ksiazek, I., Kukushkin, A., Kundu, A., Kurki-Suonio, T., Kwon, O. T., Kyrytsya, V., Laan, M., Labate, C., Laguardia, L., Lam, N., Lane, C., Lang, P. T., Lapins, J., Lasa, A., Last, J. R., Lawson, A., Lawson, K. D., Lazaros, A., Lazzaro, E., Lee, S., Leggate, H. J., Lehnen, M., Leichtle, D., Leichuer, P., Leipold, F., Lengar, I., Lennholm, M., Lerche, E., Leyl, Leysen, W., Liang, Y., Lindholm, V., Linke, J., Linsmeier, Ch., Lipschultz, B., Litaudon, X., Liu, G., Liu, Y., Lo Schiavo, V. P., Loarer, T., Loarte, A., Lobel, R. C., Lohr, N., Lomas, P. J., Lonnroth, J., Lopez, J., Lopez, J. M., Louche, F., Loving, A. B., Lowbridge, S., Lowry, C., Luce, T., Lucock, R. M. A., Lukin, A., Lungu, A. M., Lungu, C. P., Lupelli, I., Lyssoivan, A., Macheta, P., Mackenzie, A. S., Maddaluno, G., Maddison, G. P., Magesh, B., Maget, P., Maggi, C. F., Maier, H., Mailloux, J., Maj, A., Makkonen, T., Makwana, R., Malaquias, A., Mansffield, F., Mansfield, M., Manso, M. E., Mantica, P., Mantsinen, M., Manzanares, A., Mar, Et, Y., Marcenko, N., Marchetto, C., Marchuk, O., Marinelli, M., Marinucci, M., Markovic, T., Marocco, D., Marot, L., Marren, C. A., Marsen, S., Marshal, R., Martin, A., Martin, D. L., Martin, Y., Martin de Aguilera, A., Martin-Solis, J. R., Masiello, A., Maslov, M., Maslova, V., Matejcik, S., Mattei, M., Matthews, G. F., Matveev, D., Matveev, M., Maviglia, F., Mayoral, M. -L., Mazon, D., Mazzotta, C., Mcadams, R., Mccarthy, P. J., Mcclements, K. G., Mccormick, K., Mccullen, P. A., Mcdonald, D., Mcgregor, R., Mckean, R., Mckehon, J., Mckinley, R., Meadows, I., Meadows, R. C., Medina, F., Medl, Medley, S., Meigh, S., Meigs, A. G., Meneses, L., Menmuir, S., Merrigan, I. R., Mertens, Ph., Meshchaninov, S., Messiaen, A., Meszaros, B., Meyer, H., Miano, G., Michling, R., Middleton-Gear, D., Miettunen, J., Migliucci, P., Militello-Asp, E., Minucci, S., Mirizzi, F., Miyoshi, Y., Mlynar, J., Monakhov, I., Monier-Garbet, P., Mooney, R., Moradi, S., Mordijck, S., Moreira, L., Moreno, R., Morgan, P. D., Morgan, R., Morley, L., Morlock, C., Morris, A. W., Morris, J., Moser, L., Moulton, D., Murari, A., Muraro, A., Mustata, I., Asakura, N. N., Nabais, F., Nakano, T., Nardon, E., Naulin, V., Nave, M. F. F., Nedzelski, I., Neethiraj, N., Nemtsev, G., Nespoli, F., Neto, A., Neu, R., Neubauer, O., Newman, M., Nicholls, K. J., Nicolai, D., Nicolas, T., Nieckchen, P., Nielsen, P., Nightingale, M. P. S., Nilsson, E., Nishijima, D., Noble, C., Nocente, M., Nodwell, D., Nordman, H., Nunes, I., O'Meara, B., Oberkofler, M., Obryk, B., Odupitan, T., Ogawa, M. T., O'Gorman, T., Okabayashi, M., Olariu, S., O'Mullane, M., Ongena, J., Orsitto, F., Oswuigwe, B. I., Pace, N., Pacella, D., Page, A., Paget, A., Pagett, D., Pajuste, E., Palazzo, S., Pamela, J., Pamela, S., Panin, A., Panja, S., Papp, P., Parail, V., Paris, P., Parish, S. C. W., Park, M., Parsloe, A., Pasqualotto, R., Pearson, I. J., Pedrosa, M. A., Pereira, R., Perelli Cippo, E., Perez von Thun, Ch., Perez-Von-Thun, C., Pericoli-Ridolfini, V., Perona, A., Peruzzo, S., Peschanyi, S., Peterka, M., Petravich, G., Petrzilka, V., Pfefferle, D., Philipps, V., Pietropaolo, A., Pillon, M., Pintsuk, G., Piovesan, P., Pires dos Reis, A., Pironti, A., Pisano, F., Pitts, R., Plusczyk, C., Plyusnin, V., Pomaro, N., Pompilian, O., Pool, P. J., Popovichev, S., Porcelli, F., Porosnicu, C., Porton, M., Pospieszczyk, A., Possnert, G., Potzel, S., Powell, T., Pozniak, K., Pozzi, J., Prajapati, V., Prakash, R., Prestopino, G., Price, D., Price, R., Prior, P., Prokopowicz, R., Proudfoot, R., Puglia, P., Puiatti, M. E., Pulley, D., Purahoo, K., Putterich, T., Quercia, A., Rachlew, E., Rack, M., Raeder, J., Rainford, M. S. J., Ramogida, G., Ranjan, S., Rasmussen, J., Rasmussen, J. J., Rathod, K., Ratta, G., Rayner, C., Rebai, M., Reece, D., Reed, A., Refy, D., Regan, B., Regana, J., Reich, M., Reid, P., Reinelt, M., Reinke, M. L., Reinke, M., Reiser, D., Reiter, D., Rendell, D., Reux, C., Riccardo, V., Rimini, F. G., Riva, M., Roberts, J. E. C., Robins, R. J., Robinson, S. A., Robinson, T., Robson, D. W., Roddick, P., Rodionov, R., Rohde, V., Romanelli, F., Romanelli, M., Romanelli, S., Romano, A., Rowe, D., Rowe, S., Rowley, A., Rubinacci, G., Ruchko, L., Ruiz, M., Ruset, C., Ryc, L., Rzadkiewicz, J., Saarelma, S., Sabot, R., Sadakov, S., Safi, E., Sagar, P., Saibene, G., Saint-Laurent, F., Salewski, M., Salmi, A., Salzedas, F., Samm, U., S, Iford, D., Quist, P., Santa, P., Santala, M. I. K., Sartori, F., Sartori, R., Saunders, R., Sauter, O., Scannell, R., Scarabosio, A., Schlummer, T., Schmidt, V., Schmitz, O., Schmuck, S., Schneider, M., Scholz, M., Schopf, K., Schweer, B., Sergienko, G., Serikov, A., Sertoli, M., Shabbir, A., Shannon, M., Shannon, M. M. J., Sharapov, S. E., Shaw, I., Shaw, S. R., Shepherd, A., Shevelev, A., Shumack, A., Sibbald, M., Sieglin, B., Silva, C., Simmons, P. A., Sinha, A., Sipila, S. K., Sips, A. C. C., Siren, P., Sirinelli, A., Sjostr, Skiba, M., Skilton, R., Slade, B., Smith, N., Smith, P. G., Smith, T. J., Snoj, L., Soare, S., Solano, E. R., Soldatov, S., Sonato, P., Sopplesa, A., Sousa, J., Sowden, C. B. C., Sozzi, C., Sparkes, A., Spelzini, T., Spineanu, F., Stables, G., Stamatelatos, I., Stamp, M. F., Stancalie, V., Stankiewicz, R., Stankunas, G., Stano, M., Stan-Sion, C., Starkey, D. E., Stead, M. J., Stejner, M., Stephen, A. V., Stephen, M., Stevens, B. D., Stoyanov, D., Strachan, J., Str, Stransky, M., Strom, P., Stubbs, G., Studholme, W., Subba, F., Summers, H. P., Sun, Y., Svensson, J., Sykes, N., Syme, B. D., Szabolics, T., Szepesi, G., Szydlowski, A., Suzuki, T. T., Tabares, F., Takalo, V., Tal, B., Tala, T., Talbot, A. R., Taliercio, C., Tamain, P., Tame, C., Tardocchi, M., Taroni, L., Taylor, K. A., Telesca, G., Teplova, N., Terra, A., Testa, D., Teuchner, B., Tholerus, S., Thomas, F., Thomas, J. D., Thomas, P., Thompson, A., Thompson, C. -A., Thompson, V. K., Thomson, L., Thorne, L., Tigwell, P. A., Tipton, N., Tiseanu, I., Tojo, H., Tokar, M. Z., Tomes, M., Tonner, P., Tosti, S., Towndrow, M., Trimble, P., Tripsky, M., Tsalas, M., Tsitrone, E., Tskhakaya jun, D., Tudisco, O., Turner, I., Turner, M. M., Turnyanskiy, M., Tvalashvili, G., Tyrrell, S. G. J., Ul-Abidin, Z., Ulyatt, D., Unterberg, B., Urano, H., Uytdenhouwen, I., Vadgama, A. 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M., Wojciech, D., Wojenski, A., Wood, D., Wood, S., Woodley, C., Woznicka, U., Wright, J., Wu, J., Yao, L., Yapp, D., Yavorskij, V., Yoo, M. G., Yorkshades, J., Young, C., Young, D., Young, I. D., Zabolotny, W., Zacks, J., Zagorski, R., Zaitsev, F. S., Zanino, R., Zaroschi, V., Zastrow, K. D., Zeidner, W., Ziolkowski, A., Zoita, V., Zoletnik, S., Zychor, I., and Jet, Contributors

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, Fuel retention, Tungsten coating, Materials Science (miscellaneous), Nuclear engineering, complex mixtures, 114 Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Fusion, plasma och rymdfysik, 0103 physical sciences, Forensic engineering, ta216, 010306 general physics, Deposition, Jet (fluid), ta114, Divertor, Dust, Erosion, Jet, equipment and supplies, lcsh:TK9001-9401, Fusion, Plasma and Space Physics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, JET, lcsh:Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, human activities
Abstract

The work presented draws on new analysis of components removed following the second JET ITER-like wall campaign 2013–14 concentrating on the upper inner divertor, inner and outer divertor corners, lifetime issues relating to tungsten coatings on JET carbon fibre composite divertor tiles and dust/particulate generation. The results show that the upper inner divertor remains the region of highest deposition in the JET-ILW. Variations in plasma configurations between the first and second campaign have altered material migration to the corners of the inner and outer divertor. Net deposition is shown to be beneficial in the sense that it reduces W coating erosion, covers small areas of exposed carbon surfaces and even encapsulates particles. The work presented draws on new analysis of components removed following the second JET ITER-like wall campaign 2013–14 concentrating on the upper inner divertor, inner and outer divertor corners, lifetime issues relating to tungsten coatings on JET carbon fibre composite divertor tiles and dust/particulate generation. The results show that the upper inner divertor remains the region of highest deposition in the JET-ILW. Variations in plasma configurations between the first and second campaign have altered material migration to the corners of the inner and outer divertor. Net deposition is shown to be beneficial in the sense that it reduces W coating erosion, covers small areas of exposed carbon surfaces and even encapsulates particles.

Published
2017

32. Impact of monovalent rotavirus vaccine on diarrhoea-associated post-neonatal infant mortality in rural communities in Malawi: a population-based birth cohort study

Author

Bar-Zeev, N, King, C, Phiri, T, Beard, J, Mvula, H, Crampin, AC, Heinsbroek, E, Lewycka, S, Tate, JE, Parashar, UD, Costello, A, Mwansambo, C, Heyderman, RS, French, N, Cunliffe, NA, Nakagomi, O, Verani, JR, and Whitney, CG

Abstract

Background: \ud Rotavirus is a major contributor to child mortality. The effect of rotavirus vaccine on diarrhoea mortality has been estimated in middle-income but not low-income settings, where mortality is high and vaccine effectiveness in reducing admissions to hospital is lower. Empirical population-based mortality studies have not been done in any setting. Malawi introduced monovalent rotavirus vaccine (RV1) in October, 2012. We aimed to investigate the impact and effectiveness of the RV1 vaccine in reducing diarrhoea-associated mortality in infants aged 10–51 weeks.\ud \ud Methods: \ud In this population-based cohort study, we included infants born between Jan 1, 2012, and June 1, 2015, in Mchinji, Central Malawi and analysed data on those surviving 10 weeks. Individual vaccination status was extracted from caregiver-held records or report at home visits at 4 months and 1 year of age. Survival to 1 year was confirmed at home visit, or cause of death ascertained by verbal autopsy. We assessed impact (1 minus mortality rate ratio following vs before vaccine introduction) using Poisson regression. Among vaccine-eligible infants (born from Sept 17, 2012), we assessed effectiveness (1 minus hazard ratio) using Cox regression.\ud \ud Findings: \ud Between Jan 1, 2012, and June 1, 2015, we recruited 48 672 livebirths in Mchinji, among whom 38 518 were vaccine-eligible and 37 570 survived to age 10 weeks. Two-dose versus zero-dose effectiveness analysis included 28 141 infants, of whom 101 had diarrhoea-associated death before 1 year of age. Diarrhoea-associated mortality declined by 31% (95% CI 1–52; p=0·04) after RV1 introduction. Effectiveness against diarrhoea-mortality was 34% (95% CI –28 to 66; p=0·22).\ud \ud Interpretation: \ud RV1 was associated with substantial reduction in diarrhoea-associated deaths among infants in this rural sub-Saharan African setting. These data add considerable weight to evidence showing the impact of rotavirus vaccine programmes.\ud \ud Funding: \ud Wellcome Trust and GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals.

Published
2018

35. Status update and interim results from the asymptomatic carotid surgery trial-2 (ACST-2)

Author

Bulbulia, R, Gray, W, Naughten, A, den Hartog, A, Delmestri, A, Wallis, C, le Conte, S, Macdonald, S, Radak, D, Nessi, F, Torsello, G, Hendriks, J, Bjorses, K, Davidovic, L, Tusini, N, Gillgren, P, Casana, R, Tolva, V, Bausback, Y, Mehrzad, A, Gottsäter, A, Esisi, B, Cras, P, Hendriks, Jm, Lauwers, P, Hertoghs, M, Van Schil, P, De Jaegher, L, Peeters, P, Verbist, J, Dendooven, D, De Letter, J, Vanhooren, G, Astarci, P, Capron, I, Choghari, C, Hammer, F, Lacroix, V, Peeters, A, Verhelst, R, Bosiers, M, De Meester, K, Deloose, K, Van Buggenhout, E, Vinck, E, Geenens, M, Hemelsoet, D, Van Herzeele, I, Vermassen, F, De Koster, G, Desiron, Q, Maertens de Noordhout, A, Malmendier, D, Massoz, M, Saad, G, Cirelli, S, Dormal, P, Lerut, P, Thues, E, Coutts, S, Demchuk, A, Hill, M, Hudon, M, Klein, G, Mcclelland, M, Morrish, W, Samis, G, Sutherland, G, Watson, T, Wong, J, Liu, B, Liu, Cw, Barankova, L, Chlouba, V, Fiedler, J, Priban, V, Sterba, L, Kalabova, L, Kriz, Z, Krupa, P, Privara, M, Reif, M, Souckova, L, Staffa, R, Vlachovsky, R, Vojtisek, B, Hrbac, T, Kuliha, M, Prochazka, V, Roubec, M, Skoloudik, D, Abd Allah, F, Eldessoki, Mh, Kassem, Hh, Gharieb, Hs, Cardon, Jm, Le Gallou Wittenberg, A, Allaire, E, Becquemin, Jp, Cochennec, F, Desgranges, P, Hosseini, H, Kobeiter, H, Marzelle, J, Bergeron, P, Padovani, R, Trastour, Jc, Biermaier, B, Gissler, Hm, Klotzsch, C, Pfeiffer, T, Schneider, R, Soehl, L, Wennrih, M, Botsios, S, Branzan, D, Braunlich, S, Holzer, H, Lenzer, J, Reichenbecher, C, Piorkowski, C, Schuster, J, Scheinert, D, Schmidt, A, Ulrich, M, Werner, M, Coster, A, Engelhardt, A, Ratusinski, Cm, Berekoven, B, Frerker, K, Gordon, V, Bellenis, I, Polydorou, A, Polydorou, V, Tavernarakis, A, Ioannou, N, Terzoudi, M, Chatzinikou, E, Giannoukas, A, Hadjigeorgiou, G, Koutsias, S, Ralli, S, Rousas, N, Nemes, B, Jàrànyi, Z, Szabo, A, Varga, D, Barzo, P, Bodosi, M, Fako, E, Fulop, B, Kuncz, A, Nagy, E, Nemeth, T, Pazdernyik, S, Skoba, K, Voros, E, Haider, Sn, Harbison, J, Madhavan, P, Moore, D, Beyar, R, Hoffman, A, Karram, T, Kerner, A, Nikolsky, E, Nitecki, S, Amatucci, G, Vittorio, P, Frederico, Marinazzo, D, Regina, G, Giaquinta, A, Patti, F, Veroux, M, Veroux, P, Adobbati, L, Bertoni, G, Bianchi, P, Cireni, L, Martello, L, Arcuri, L, Casoni, F, Coppi, G, Moratto, R, Veronesi, J, Bajardi, G, Savettieri, G, Corbetta, R, Odero, A, Quaretti, P, Thyrion, Z, Cao, P, Caso, V, Derango, P, Farchioni, L, Parlani, G, Malferrari, G, Strozzi, F, Vecchiati, E, Biello, Antonella, Capoccia, Laura, Menna, Danilo, Rizzo, ANNA RITA, Sbarigia, Enrico, Speziale, Francesco, Toni, D, Giovanni, M, Meola, G, Nano, G, Occiuto, Mt, Stegher, S, Tealdi, D, Accrocca, F, Ambrogi, C, Barbazza, R, Marcucci, G, Cappelli, A, de Donato, G, Palasciano, G, Pieragalli, D, Setacci, C, Settaci, F, Labate, C, Ferrero, E, Ferri, M, Viazzo, A, Castelli, P, Delodovici, Ml, Ferrario, M, Piffaretti, G, Tomei, G, Furui, E, Inoue, T, Kondo, R, Matsumoto, Y, Shimizu, H, Aidashova, B, Kospanov, N, Lyssenko, R, Mussagaliev, D, De Borst GJ, Den Hartog AG, Lo, R, Moll, F, Toorop, R, Van Der Worp HB, Vonken, Ej, Bakke, S, Krohg Sorensen, K, Skjelland, M, Andziak, P, Drelichowski, S, Dratwicki, M, Gil, R, Iwanowski, W, Koncewicz, K, Nowicki, M, Pniewski, J, Rzezak, J, Seweryniak, P, Bialek, P, Biejat, Z, Czepel, W, Czlonkowska, A, Dowzenko, A, Jedzrejewska, J, Kobayashi, A, Leszezyuski, J, Malek, A, Polanski, J, Proczka, R, Skorski, M, Szostek, M, Aleksic, N, Babic, S, Kolar, J, Sagic, D, Tanaskovic, S, Colic, M, Jovanovic, D, Koncar, I, Bartko, D, Beno, P, Rusnak, F, Zelenak, K, Gasparini, M, Grad, A, Kompara, I, Milosevic, Z, Flis, V, Matela, J, Miksic, K, Milotic, F, Mrdja, B, Stirn, B, Tetickovic, E, Chamorro, A, Obach, V, Riambau, V, Roman, S, Blanco, E, Izquierdo, Ay, Guerra, M, Campbell, E, Lindgren, H, Nyberg, J, Plate, G, Parsson, H, Qvarfordt, P, Acosta, S, Brandt, K, Dias, N, Gottsater, A, Holst, J, Kristmundsson, T, Kuhme, T, Kolbel, T, Lindblad, B, Lindh, M, Malina, M, Ohrlander, T, Resch, T, Rönnle, V, Sonesson, B, Warvsten, M, Zdanowski, Z, Bengt, B, Delle, M, Formgren, J, Jarl, L, Kall, Tb, Konrad, P, Nyman, N, Skioldebrand, C, Steuer, J, Takolander, R, Ahlhelm, Fj, Bonati, L, Engelter, Ss, Eugster, T, Gensicke, H, Lyrer, P, Mariani, L, Stierli, P, Stippich, C, Wolff, T, Brown, E, Butler, N, Day, Dj, Hayes, P, Higgins, N, Jumilla, E, Martin, P, Mitchell, J, Varty, K, Birt, A, Davies, P, George, J, Graham, A, Jonker, L, Joseph, T, Kelsall, N, Potts, C, Wilson, T, Davey, P, Hayman, R, Tervitt, G, Abdul Hamiq, A, Bryce, J, Chetter, I, Ettles, D, Lakshminarayan, R, Mitchelsonm, K, Rhymes, C, Robinson, G, Scott, P, Vickers, A, Baht, H, Balogun, I, Burger, I, Cowie, L, Gunathilagan, G, Hargroves, D, Insall, R, Jones, S, Rudenko, H, Senaratne, J, Thomas, G, Thomson, A, Enevoldson, P, Nahser, H, O'Brian, I, Torella, F, Watling, D, White, R, Clifton, A, Eley, C, Khanom, N, O'Reilly, J, Pereira, A, Bicknell, C, Cheshire, N, Gibbs, R, Hamady, M, James, A, Jenkins, M, Lacey, A, Mireskandari, M, Sachs, T, Wolfe, J, Hardy, D, Justin, F, Phiri, L, Sekaran, L, Sethuraman, S, Tate, L, Akyea Mensah, J, Chrisopoulou, A, Smyth, Jv, Nichol, I, Parry, A, Young, G, Clarke, M, Davis, M, Dixit, A, Dyker, A, Ford, G, Jackson, R, Kappadath, S, Lambert, D, Lees, T, Louw, S, Parr, N, Stansby, G, Wales, L, Wealleans, V, Wilson, L, Wyatt, M, Dorman, P, Hughes, A, Jones, D, Mendelow, Ad, Rodgers, H, Macsweeney, S, Mcconachie, N, Southam, A, Sunman, W, Briley, D, Darby, C, Handa, A, Hands, L, Kuker, W, Michael, K, Perkins, J, Schulz, U, Smith, D, Teal, R, Donnelly, M, D'Souza, S, Asehosem Egun, A, Gregory, B, Kelly, C, Punekar, S, Raj, S, Seriki, D, Thomson, G, Beard, J, Cleveland, T, Humphreys, J, Jenkins, A, King, C, Lonsdale, R, Nair, R, Nawaz, S, Okhuoya, F, Turner, D, Venables, G, Brown, J, Durairajan, R, Guyler, P, Harman, P, Jakeways, M, Khuoge, C, Kundu, A, Loganathan, T, Sinha, D, Thompson, V, Tysoe, S, Barer, Brown, A, Crawford, S, Dunlop, P, Majmudar, Mitchell, D, O'Brien, O'Connell, Scott, Vetrivel, S, Ashleigh, R, Butterfield, S, Gamble, G, Ghosh, J, Mccollum, C, Welch, M, Welsh, S, Kazan, V, Nazzal, M, Ramsey Williams, V, Halliday, A, Davies, C, Peto, R, Gray, A, Mihaylova, B, Potter, J, Flather, M, Mansfield, A, Farrell, B, Rahimi, K, Simpson, D, Thomas, D, Gough, M, Rothwell, P, Giles, M, Leopold, P, Belli, A, Sandercock, P, Gray, R, Shearman, C, Molyneux, A, Hayter, E, Lay, M, Munday, A, Young, A, Delmestri, A., Halliday, A, Bulbulia, R, Gray, W, Naughten, A, den Hartog, A, Delmestri, A, Wallis, C, le Conte, S, Macdonald, S, Tolva, V, Cras, Patrick, Hendriks, Jeroen, Lauwers, Patrick, van Schil, Paul, ACST-2 Collaborative Group, UCL - SSS/IONS/NEUR - Clinical Neuroscience, UCL - SSS/IREC/CARD - Pôle de recherche cardiovasculaire, UCL - SSS/IREC/IMAG - Pôle d'imagerie médicale, UCL - (SLuc) Service de chirurgie cardiovasculaire et thoracique, UCL - (SLuc) Service de radiologie, and UCL - (SLuc) Service de neurologie

Subjects
Male, Time Factors, Carotid artery stenosis, Carotid artery stenting, Carotid endarterectomy, Randomized controlled trial, Stroke, medicine.medical_treatment, Myocardial Infarction, Severity of Illness Index, law.invention, law, Risk Factors, MED/22 - CHIRURGIA VASCOLARE, Carotid Stenosis, Endarterectomy, Endarterectomy, Carotid, Middle Aged, Treatment Outcome, Female, Stents, medicine.symptom, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Aged, Angioplasty, Asymptomatic Diseases, Cardiovascular Agents, Humans, Patient Selection, Risk Assessment, Asymptomatic, medicine, Carotid, business.industry, Vascular surgery, medicine.disease, Surgery, Cardiovascular agent, Human medicine, business
Abstract

Objectives: ACST-2 is currently the largest trial ever conducted to compare carotid artery stenting (CAS) with carotid endarterectomy (CEA) in patients with severe asymptomatic carotid stenosis requiring revascularization. Methods: Patients are entered into ACST-2 when revascularization is felt to be clearly indicated, when CEA and CAS are both possible, but where there is substantial uncertainty as to which is most appropriate. Trial surgeons and interventionalists are expected to use their usual techniques and CE-approved devices. We report baseline characteristics and blinded combined interim results for 30-day mortality and major morbidity for 986 patients in the ongoing trial up to September 2012. Results: A total of 986 patients (687 men, 299 women), mean age 68.7 years (SD ± 8.1) were randomized equally to CEA or CAS. Most (96%) had ipsilateral stenosis of 70-99% (median 80%) with contralateral stenoses of 50-99% in 30% and contralateral occlusion in 8%. Patients were on appropriate medical treatment. For 691 patients undergoing intervention with at least 1-month follow-up and Rankin scoring at 6 months for any stroke, the overall serious cardiovascular event rate of periprocedural (within 30 days) disabling stroke, fatal myocardial infarction, and death at 30 days was 1.0%. Conclusions: Early ACST-2 results suggest contemporary carotid intervention for asymptomatic stenosis has a low risk of serious morbidity and mortality, on par with other recent trials. The trial continues to recruit, to monitor periprocedural events and all types of stroke, aiming to randomize up to 5,000 patients to determine any differential outcomes between interventions. Clinical trial: ISRCTN21144362. © 2013 European Society for Vascular Surgery. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Published
2016

36. Methodological challenges in measuring vaccine effectiveness using population cohorts in low resource settings

Author

King, C, Beard, J, Crampin, AC, Costello, A, Mwansambo, C, Cunliffe, NA, Heyderman, RS, French, N, Bar-Zeev, N, and VacSurv Consortium

Abstract

Post-licensure real world evaluation of vaccine implementation is important for establishing evidence of vaccine effectiveness (VE) and programme impact, including indirect effects. Large cohort studies offer an important epidemiological approach for evaluating VE, but have inherent methodological challenges. Since March 2012, we have conducted an open prospective cohort study in two sites in rural Malawi to evaluate the post-introduction effectiveness of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) against all-cause post-neonatal infant mortality and monovalent rotavirus vaccine (RV1) against diarrhoea-related post-neonatal infant mortality. Our study sites cover a population of 500,000, with a baseline post-neonatal infant mortality of 25 per 1000 live births. We conducted a methodological review of cohort studies for vaccine effectiveness in a developing country setting, applied to our study context. Based on published literature, we outline key considerations when defining the denominator (study population), exposure (vaccination status) and outcome ascertainment (mortality and cause of death) of such studies. We assess various definitions in these three domains, in terms of their impact on power, effect size and potential biases and their direction, using our cohort study for illustration. Based on this iterative process, we discuss the pros and cons of our final per-protocol analysis plan. Since no single set of definitions or analytical approach accounts for all possible biases, we propose sensitivity analyses to interrogate our assumptions and methodological decisions. In the poorest regions of the world where routine vital birth and death surveillance are frequently unavailable and the burden of disease and death is greatest We conclude that provided the balance between definitions and their overall assumed impact on estimated VE are acknowledged, such large scale real-world cohort studies can provide crucial information to policymakers by providing robust and compelling evidence of total benefits of newly introduced vaccines on reducing child mortality.

Published
2015

37. Cross-section slenderness limits for columns with plastic rotations

Author

King, C. M. and Davison, J. B.

Abstract

This paper reports on a study of local inelastic buckling in square hollow section columns with large plastic rotations. The study was conducted as part of the validation of a proposed design method for discontinuous columns in braced frames in which plastic rotations in the columns are used to limit the moments in the columns. The study included both testing of full-scale columns and a parametric study by finite element analysis. The results demonstrate that current codes permit cross section slenderness in plastic sections which are likely to lead to premature buckling in structures using plastic (inelastic) design if the rotations are large. Design limits are proposed for square hollow sections relating cross-section slenderness to column end rotations.

Published
2014

38. Tissue Sample Preparation for Proteomic Analysis

Author

Josip Blonder, Bih-Rong Wei, DaRue A. Prieto, Xiaoying Ye, and King C. Chan

Subjects
Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Proteomic Profiling, medicine, Tissue sample, Disease biomarker, Biology, Biomarker discovery, Proteomics, Peripheral blood, Tissue Preparation, Protein expression
Abstract

Proteomic profiling of clinical tissue specimens or tissues obtained from animal disease models is increasingly employed in current mass spectrometry (MS)–based biomarker research/discovery. Thus, tissue preparation is a critical step in the quest for disease biomarkers utilizing MS-based proteomics. Two major advantages of using tissue specimens in MS-based proteomic studies focused on biomarker discovery are: increased confidence level due to their higher concentration at the site of the pathological process (i.e., cancer) when compared to their lower concentration in peripheral blood and the capability to capture and characterize differences in protein expression levels between diseased tissue (i.e., tumor) and matched adjacent healthy tissue. The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of common approaches used in tissue preparation in MS-based biomarker research. Tissue homogenization techniques and protein extraction methods for large-scale molecular profiling of fresh-frozen (FF) and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue specimens are discussed.

Published
2013

39. List of Contributors

Author

Karen S. Anderson, Thorkell Andresson, Ihor Batruch, Josip Blonder, Julien Boccard, Egisto Boschetti, Allen D. Bosley, Dean E. Brenner, Giovanni Candiano, Joe R. Cannon, Richard M. Caprioli, Mary Joan Castillo, King C. Chan, Wonryeon Cho, Sudipto Das, Eleftherios P. Diamandis, Danijel Djukovic, Andrei P. Drabovich, Virginia Espina, Catherine Fenselau, Stephen D. Fox, Helen G. Gika, Young Ah Goo, David R. Goodlett, Haleem J. Issaq, Hans-Martin Jäck, Cheng S. Lee, Brian Leyland-Jones, Lance A. Liotta, Frederick H. Long, Adam J. McShane, Zhaojing Meng, Claudius Mueller, G.A. Nagana Gowda, Steven M. Patrie, Maria P. Pavlou, Emanuel F. Petricoin, Marielena Pierobon, Robert Plumb, DaRue A. Prieto, Ji Qiu, Daniel Raftery, Fred E. Regnier, Pier Giorgio Righetti, Michael J. Roth, Serge Rudaz, Erin H. Seeley, Georgios A. Theodoridis, Melissa Tuck, D. Kim Turgeon, Que N. Van, Timothy D. Veenstra, Dajana Vuckovic, Chenchen Wang, Bih-Rong Wei, Ian D. Wilson, Jürgen Wittmann, Julie Wulfkuhle, Xudong Yao, Xiaoying Ye, Lian Yee Yip, Eric Chun Yong Chan, and Junmei Zhang

Published
2013

40. PEPTIDES | Liquid Chromatography

Author

T.D. Veenstra, H.J. Issaq, and King C. Chan

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Chromatography, Monolithic HPLC column, Cyclodextrin, chemistry, Resolution (mass spectrometry), Elution, Size-exclusion chromatography, Analytical chemistry, Mass spectrometry, Chromatography column, High-performance liquid chromatography
Abstract

High-pressure (or performance) liquid chromatography (HPLC) in its different modes of separation, reversed-phase (RP), ion exchange (IEX), size exclusion (SEC), hydrophobic interaction (HIC), and affinity (AC) chromatography, is the technique of choice for the separation of peptides. HPLC is an instrumental separation technique that is well suited for the separation of small as well as large peptides. The advantage of HPLC for peptide separation is that it affords the analyst the freedom to resolve simple peptide mixtures by one diemensional or complex mixtures, cell lysates, by multidimensional approaches. Also, the advantages of HPLC separations are automation, sensitivity, reproducibility, and systems including UV/Vis, conductivity, light scattering, mass spectrometry (MS), fluorescence and laser-induced fluorescence (LIF). This chapter presents a comprehensive discussion of different experimental parameters that affect peptide resolution, selectivity and detection, in addition to different parameters such as column selection, effect of column dimensions, packing materials properties, effect of column packing's chemistry, monolithic columns, cyclodextrin columns, effect of column temperature, mobile phase properties and elution, and multidimensional approaches that have been used for the separation of complex peptide mixtures.

Published
2007

42. MRI in osteoarthritis of the hip: Gradations of severity

Author

Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA, Department of Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA, Li, King C., Higgs, Jay, Aisen, Alex M., Buckwalter, Kenneth A., Martel, William, McCune, William Joseph, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA, Department of Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA, Li, King C., Higgs, Jay, Aisen, Alex M., Buckwalter, Kenneth A., Martel, William, and McCune, William Joseph

Abstract

In a prospective study, 10 patients with well-documented osteoarthritis (O.A.) of the hips were imaged using spinecho pulse sequences (TR = 0.5 to 1.5 s and TE = 28 to 60 ms). After analyzing the changes observed, an MR grading system for assessing severity of O.A. in the hips was developed. Using this grading system and an established grading system for osteoarthritis using roentgenograms (both systems use grades 0-4), two radiologists independently graded the MR studies and plain films separately, twice. The roentgenogram grading system was more accurate in predicting symptoms in the more severe cases, whereas the MR grading system was slightly more useful in the less severe cases. Our results show that MR can demonstrate a spectrum of changes of O.A. in the hips. Its ability to directly image articular cartilage makes it a powerful research and clinical tool.

Published
2006

43. RF sheath modeling of experimentally observed plasma surface interactions with the JET ITER-Like Antenna

Author

Krivska, A., Bobkov, V., Colas, L., Dumortier, P., Durodie, F., Jacquet, P., Klepper, C. C., Milanesio, D., Urbanczyk, G., Abduallev, S., Abhangi, M., Abreu, P., Afzal, M., Aggarwal, K. M., Ahlgren, T., Ahn, J. H., Aho-Mantila, L., Aiba, N., Airila, M., Albanese, R., Aldred, V., Alegre, D., Alessi, E., Aleynikov, P., Alfier, A., Alkseev, A., Allinson, M., Alper, B., Alves, E., Ambrosino, G., Ambrosino, R., Amicucci, L., Amosov, V., Sunden, E. Andersson, Angelone, M., Anghel, M., Angioni, C., Appel, L., Appelbee, C., Arena, P., Ariola, M., Arnichand, H., Arshad, S., Ash, A., Ashikawa, N., Aslanyan, V., Asunta, O., Auriemma, F., Austin, Y., Avotina, L., Axton, M. D., Ayres, C., Bacharis, M., Baciero, A., Baiao, D., Bailey, S., Baker, A., Balboa, I., Balden, M., Balshaw, N., Bament, R., Banks, J. W., Baranov, Y. F., Barnard, M. A., Barnes, D., Barnes, M., Barnsley, R., Wiechec, A. Baron, Orte, L. Barrera, Baruzzo, M., Basiuk, V., Bassan, M., Bastow, R., Batista, A., Batistoni, P., Baughan, R., Bauvir, B., Baylor, L., Bazylev, B., Beal, J., Beaumont, P. S., Beckers, M., Beckett, B., Becoulet, A., Bekris, N., Beldishevski, M., Bell, K., Belli, F., Bellinger, M., Belonohy, E., Ben Ayed, N., Benterman, N. A., Bergsaker, H., Bernardo, J., Bernert, M., Berry, M., Bertalot, L., Besliu, C., Beurskens, M., Bieg, B., Bielecki, J., Biewer, T., Bigi, M., Bilkova, P., Binda, F., Bisoffi, A., Bizarro, J. P. S., Bjorkas, C., Blackburn, J., Blackman, K., Blackman, T. R., Blanchard, P., Blatchford, P., Boboc, A., Bodnar, G., Bogar, O., Bolshakova, I., Bolzonella, T., Bonanomi, N., Bonelli, F., Boom, J., Booth, J., Borba, D., Borodin, D., Borodkina, I., Botrugno, A., Bottereau, C., Boulting, P., Bourdelle, C., Bowden, M., Bower, C., Bowman, C., Boyce, T., Boyd, C., Boyer, H. J., Bradshaw, J. M. A., Braic, V., Bravanec, R., Breizman, B., Bremond, S., Brennan, P. D., Breton, S., Brett, A., Brezinsek, S., Bright, M. D. J., Brix, M., Broeckx, W., Brombin, M., Broslawski, A., Brown, D. P. D., Brown, M., Bruno, E., Bucalossi, J., Buch, J., Buchanan, J., Buckley, M. A., Budny, R., Bufferand, H., Bulman, M., Bulmer, N., Bunting, P., Buratti, P., Burckhart, A., Buscarino, A., Busse, A., Butler, N. K., Bykov, I., Byrne, J., Cahyna, P., Calabro, G., Calvo, I., Camenen, Y., Camp, P., Campling, D. C., Cane, J., Cannas, B., Capel, A. J., Card, P. J., Cardinali, A., Carman, P., Carr, M., Carralero, D., Carraro, L., Carvalho, B. B., Carvalho, I., Carvalho, P., Casson, F. J., Castaldo, C., Catarino, N., Caumont, J., Causa, F., Cavazzana, R., Cave-Ayland, K., Cavinato, M., Cecconello, M., Ceccuzzi, S., Cecil, E., Cenedese, A., Cesario, R., Challis, C. D., Chandler, M., Chandra, D., Chang, C. S., Chankin, A., Chapman, I. T., Chapman, S. C., Chernyshova, M., Chitarin, G., Ciraolo, G., Ciric, D., Citrin, J., Clairet, F., Clark, E., Clark, M., Clarkson, R., Clatworthy, D., Clements, C., Cleverly, M., Coad, J. P., Coates, P. A., Cobalt, A., Coccorese, V., Cocilovo, V., Coda, S., Coelho, R., Coenen, J. W., Coffey, I., Collins, S., Conka, D., Conroy, S., Conway, N., Coombs, D., Cooper, D., Cooper, S. R., Corradino, C., Corre, Y., Corrigan, G., Cortes, S., Coster, D., Couchman, A. S., Cox, M. P., Craciunescu, T., Cramp, S., Craven, R., Crisanti, F., Croci, G., Croft, D., Crombe, K., Crowe, R., Cruz, N., Cseh, G., Cufar, A., Cullen, A., Curuia, M., Czarnecka, A., Dabirikhah, H., Dalgliesh, P., Dalley, S., Dankowski, J., Darrow, D., Davies, O., Davis, W., Day, C., Day, I. E., De Bock, M., Castro, A. De, Cal, E. De La, Luna, E. De La, De Masi, G., Pablos, J. L. De, De Temmerman, G., De Tommasi, G., Vries, P. De, Deakin, K., Deane, J., Agostini, F. Degli, Dejarnac, R., Delabie, E., Harder, N. Den, Dendy, R. O., Denis, J., Denner, P., Devaux, S., Devynck, P., Di Maio, F., Di Siena, A., Di Troia, C., Dinca, P., D’Inca, R., Ding, B., Dittmar, T., Doerk, H., Doerner, R. P., Donne, T., Dorling, S. E., Dormido-Canto, S., Doswon, S., Douai, D., Doyle, P. T., Drenik, A., Drewelow, P., Drews, P., Duckworth, Ph, Dumont, R., Dunai, D., Dunne, M., Duran, I., Dutta, P., Duval, B. P., Dux, R., Dylst, K., Dzysiuk, N., Edappala, P. V., Edmond, J., Edwards, A. M., Edwards, J., Eich, Th, Ekedahl, A., El-Jorf, R., Elsmore, C. G., Enachescu, M., Ericsson, G., Eriksson, F., Eriksson, J., Eriksson, L. G., Esposito, B., Esquembri, S., Esser, H. G., Esteve, D., Evans, B., Evans, G. E., Evison, G., Ewart, G. D., Fagan, D., Faitsch, M., Falie, D., Fanni, A., Fasoli, A., Faustin, J. M., Fawlk, N., Fazendeiro, L., Fedorczak, N., Felton, R. C., Fenton, K., Fernades, A., Fernandes, H., Ferreira, J., Fessey, J. 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Subjects
Physics::Plasma Physics, 7. Clean energy
Abstract

Waves in the Ion Cyclotron Range of Frequencies (ICRF) enhance local Plasma-Surface Interactions (PSI) near the wave launchers and magnetically-connected objects via Radio-Frequency (RF) sheath rectification. ITER will use 20MW of ICRF power over long pulses, questioning the long-term impact of RF-enhanced localized erosion on the lifetime of its Beryllium (Be) wall. Recent dedicated ICRF-heated L-mode discharges documented this process on JET for different types of ICRF antennas. Using visible spectroscopy in JET ICRF-heated L-mode discharges, poloidally-localized regions of enhanced (by ∼2–4x) Be I and Be II light emission were observed on two outboard limiters magnetically connected to the bottom of the active ITER-Like Antenna (ILA). The observed RF-PSI induced by the ILA was qualitatively comparable to that induced by the JET standard, type-A2 antennas, for similar strap toroidal phasing and connection geometries. The Be II line emission was found more intense when powering the bottom half of the ILA rather than its top half. Conversely, more pronounced SOL density modifications were observed with only top array operation, on field lines connected to the top half of the ILA. So far the near-field modeling of the ILA with antenna code TOPICA (Torino Polytechnic Ion Cyclotron Antenna), using curved antenna model, was partially able to reproduce qualitatively the observed phenomena. A quantitative discrepancy persisted between the observed Be source amplification and the calculated, corresponding increases in E// field at the magnetically connected locations to the ILA when changing from only top to only bottom half antenna operation. This paper revisits these current drive phased and half-ILA powered cases using for the new simulations flat model of the ILA and more realistic antenna feeding to calculate the E// field maps with TOPICA code. Further, the Self-consistent Sheaths and Waves for Ion Cyclotron Heating Slow Wave (SSWICH-SW) code, which couples slow wave evanescence with DC Scrape-Off Layer (SOL) biasing, is used to estimate the poloidal distribution of rectified RF-sheath Direct Current (DC) potential VDC in the private SOL between the ILA poloidal limiters. The approach so far was limited to correlating the observed, enhanced emission regions at the remote limiters to the antenna near-electric fields, as calculated by TOPICA. The present approach includes also a model for the rectification of these near-fields in the private SOL of the ILA. With the improved approach, when comparing only top and only bottom half antenna feeding, we obtained good qualitative correlation between all experimental measurements and the calculated local variations in the E// field and VDC potential.

44. Investigation of deuterium trapping and release in the JET divertor during the third ILW campaign using TDS

Author

Likonen, J., Heinola, K., De Backer, A., Baron-Wiechec, A., Catarino, N., Jepu, I., Ayres, C. F., Coad, P., Matthews, G. F., Widdowson, A., Abduallev, S., Abhangi, M., Abreu, P., Afzal, M., Aggarwal, K. M., Ahlgren, T., Ahn, J. H., Aho-Mantila, L., Aiba, N., Airila, M., Albanese, R., Aldred, V., Alegre, D., Alessi, E., Aleynikov, P., Alfier, A., Alkseev, A., Allinson, M., Alper, B., Alves, E., Ambrosino, G., Ambrosino, R., Amicucci, L., Amosov, V., Sunden, E. Andersson, Angelone, M., Anghel, M., Angioni, C., Appel, L., Appelbee, C., Arena, P., Ariola, M., Arnichand, H., Arshad, S., Ash, A., Ashikawa, N., Aslanyan, V., Asunta, O., Auriemma, F., Austin, Y., Avotina, L., Axton, M. D., Ayres, C., Bacharis, M., Baciero, A., Baiao, D., Bailey, S., Baker, A., Balboa, I., Balden, M., Balshaw, N., Bament, R., Banks, J. W., Baranov, Y. F., Barnard, M. A., Barnes, D., Barnes, M., Barnsley, R., Wiechec, A. Baron, Orte, L. Barrera, Baruzzo, M., Basiuk, V., Bassan, M., Bastow, R., Batista, A., Batistoni, P., Baughan, R., Bauvir, B., Baylor, L., Bazylev, B., Beal, J., Beaumont, P. S., Beckers, M., Beckett, B., Becoulet, A., Bekris, N., Beldishevski, M., Bell, K., Belli, F., Bellinger, M., Belonohy, E., Ben Ayed, N., Benterman, N. A., Bergsaker, H., Bernardo, J., Bernert, M., Berry, M., Bertalot, L., Besliu, C., Beurskens, M., Bieg, B., Bielecki, J., Biewer, T., Bigi, M., Bilkova, P., Binda, F., Bisoffi, A., Bizarro, J. P. S., Bjorkas, C., Blackburn, J., Blackman, K., Blackman, T. R., Blanchard, P., Blatchford, P., Bobkov, V., Boboc, A., Bodnar, G., Bogar, O., Bolshakova, I., Bolzonella, T., Bonanomi, N., Bonelli, F., Boom, J., Booth, J., Borba, D., Borodin, D., Borodkina, I., Botrugno, A., Bottereau, C., Boulting, P., Bourdelle, C., Bowden, M., Bower, C., Bowman, C., Boyce, T., Boyd, C., Boyer, H. J., Bradshaw, J. M. A., Braic, V., Bravanec, R., Breizman, B., Bremond, S., Brennan, P. D., Breton, S., Brett, A., Brezinsek, S., Bright, M. D. J., Brix, M., Broeckx, W., Brombin, M., Broslawski, A., Brown, D. P. D., Brown, M., Bruno, E., Bucalossi, J., Buch, J., Buchanan, J., Buckley, M. A., Budny, R., Bufferand, H., Bulman, M., Bulmer, N., Bunting, P., Buratti, P., Burckhart, A., Buscarino, A., Busse, A., Butler, N. K., Bykov, I., Byrne, J., Cahyna, P., Calabro, G., Calvo, I., Camenen, Y., Camp, P., Campling, D. C., Cane, J., Cannas, B., Capel, A. J., Card, P. J., Cardinali, A., Carman, P., Carr, M., Carralero, D., Carraro, L., Carvalho, B. B., Carvalho, I., Carvalho, P., Casson, F. J., Castaldo, C., Caumont, J., Causa, F., Cavazzana, R., Cave-Ayland, K., Cavinato, M., Cecconello, M., Ceccuzzi, S., Cecil, E., Cenedese, A., Cesario, R., Challis, C. D., Chandler, M., Chandra, D., Chang, C. S., Chankin, A., Chapman, I. T., Chapman, S. 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Subjects
13. Climate action
Abstract

Selected set of samples from JET ITER-Like Wall (JET-ILW) divertor tiles exposed in 2015–2016 has been analysed using Thermal Desorption Spectrometry (TDS). The deuterium (D) amounts obtained with TDS were compared with Nuclear Reaction Analysis (NRA). The highest amount of D was found on the top part of inner divertor which has regions with the thickest deposited layers as for divertor tiles removed in 2014. This area resides deep in the scrape-off layer and plasma configurations for the second (ILW-2, 2013–2014) and the third (ILW-3, 2015–2016) JET-ILW campaigns were similar. Agreement between TDS and NRA is good on the apron of Tile 1 and on the upper vertical region whereas on the lower vertical region of Tile 1 the NRA results are clearly smaller than the TDS results. Inner divertor Tile 3 has somewhat less D than Tiles 0 and 1, and the D amount decreases towards the lower part of the tile. The D retention at the divertor inner and outer corner regions is not symmetric as there is more D retention poloidally at the inner than at the outer divertor corner. In most cases the TDS spectra for the ILW-3 samples are different from the corresponding ILW-2 spectra because HD and D2 release occurs at higher temperatures than from the ILW-2 samples indicating that the low energy traps have been emptied during the plasma operations and that D is either in the energetically deep traps or located deeper in the sample.

45. The effect of beryllium oxide on retention in JET ITER-like wall tiles

Author

Makepeace, C., Pardanaud, C., Roubin, P., Borodkina, I., Ayres, C., Coad, P., Baron-Wiechec, A., Jepu, I., Heinola, K., Widdowson, A., Lozano-Perez, S., Abduallev, S., Abhangi, M., Abreu, P., Afzal, M., Aggarwal, K. M., Ahlgren, T., Ahn, J. H., Aho-Mantila, L., Aiba, N., Airila, M., Albanese, R., Aldred, V., Alegre, D., Alessi, E., Aleynikov, P., Alfier, A., Alkseev, A., Allinson, M., Alper, B., Alves, E., Ambrosino, G., Ambrosino, R., Amicucci, L., Amosov, V., Sunden, E. Andersson, Angelone, M., Anghel, M., Angioni, C., Appel, L., Appelbee, C., Arena, P., Ariola, M., Arnichand, H., Arshad, S., Ash, A., Ashikawa, N., Aslanyan, V., Asunta, O., Auriemma, F., Austin, Y., Avotina, L., Axton, M. D., Bacharis, M., Baciero, A., Baiao, D., Bailey, S., Baker, A., Balboa, I., Balden, M., Balshaw, N., Bament, R., Banks, J. W., Baranov, Y. F., Barnard, M. A., Barnes, D., Barnes, M., Barnsley, R., Wiechec, A. Baron, Orte, L. Barrera, Baruzzo, M., Basiuk, V., Bassan, M., Bastow, R., Batista, A., Batistoni, P., Baughan, R., Bauvir, B., Baylor, L., Bazylev, B., Beal, J., Beaumont, P. S., Beckers, M., Beckett, B., Becoulet, A., Bekris, N., Beldishevski, M., Bell, K., Belli, F., Bellinger, M., Belonohy, E., Ben Ayed, N., Benterman, N. A., Bergsaker, H., Bernardo, J., Bernert, M., Berry, M., Bertalot, L., Besliu, C., Beurskens, M., Bieg, B., Bielecki, J., Biewer, T., Bigi, M., Bilkova, P., Binda, F., Bisoffi, A., Bizarro, J. P. S., Bjorkas, C., Blackburn, J., Blackman, K., Blackman, T. R., Blanchard, P., Blatchford, P., Bobkov, V., Boboc, A., Bodnar, G., Bogar, O., Bolshakova, I., Bolzonella, T., Bonanomi, N., Bonelli, F., Boom, J., Booth, J., Borba, D., Borodin, D., Botrugno, A., Bottereau, C., Boulting, P., Bourdelle, C., Bowden, M., Bower, C., Bowman, C., Boyce, T., Boyd, C., Boyer, H. J., Bradshaw, J. M. A., Braic, V., Bravanec, R., Breizman, B., Bremond, S., Brennan, P. 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Subjects
13. Climate action, respiratory tract diseases
Abstract

Preliminary results investigating the microstructure, bonding and effect of beryllium oxide formation on retention in the JET ITER-like wall beryllium tiles, are presented. The tiles have been investigated by several techniques: Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) equipped with Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), Transmission Electron microscopy (TEM) equipped with EDX and Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS), Raman Spectroscopy and Thermal Desorption Spectroscopy (TDS). This paper focuses on results from melted materials of the dump plate tiles in JET. From our results and the literature, it is concluded, beryllium can form micron deep oxide islands contrary to the nanometric oxides predicted under vacuum conditions. The deepest oxides analyzed were up to 2-micron thicknesses. The beryllium Deuteroxide (BeOxDy) bond was found with Raman Spectroscopy. Application of EELS confirmed the oxide presence and stoichiometry. Literature suggests these oxides form at temperatures greater than 700 °C where self-diffusion of beryllium ions through the surface oxide layer can occur. Further oxidation is made possible between oxygen plasma impurities and the beryllium ions now present at the wall surface. Under Ultra High Vacuum (UHV) nanometric Beryllium oxide layers are formed and passivate at room temperature. After continual cyclic heating (to the point of melt formation) in the presence of oxygen impurities from the plasma, oxide growth to the levels seen experimentally (approximately two microns) is proposed. This retention mechanism is not considered to contribute dramatically to overall retention in JET, due to low levels of melt formation. However, this mechanism, thought the result of operation environment and melt formation, could be of wider concern to ITER, dependent on wall temperatures.

46. Impact of ICRF on the scrape-off layer and on plasma wall interactions: From present experiments to fusion reactor

Author

Bobkov, V., Aguiam, D., Bilato, R., Brezinsek, S., Colas, L., Czarnecka, A., Dumortier, P., Dux, R., Faugel, H., Funfgelder, H., Jacquetg, Ph, Kaltenbach, A., Krivska, A., Klepper, C. C., Lerche, E., Lin, Y., Milanesio, D., Maggiora, R., Monakhovg, I., Neu, R., Noterdaeme, J.-M., Ochoukov, R., Piitterich, Th, Reinke, M., Tierens, W., Tuccilo, A., Tudisco, Van Eester, D., Wright, J., Wukitchk, S., Zhang, W., Abduallev, S., Abhangi, M., Abreu, P., Afzal, M., Aggarwal, K. M., Ahlgren, T., Ahn, J. H., Aho-Mantila, L., Aiba, N., Airila, M., Albanese, R., Aldred, V., Alegre, D., Alessi, E., Aleynikov, P., Alfier, A., Alkseev, A., Allinson, M., Alper, B., Alves, E., Ambrosino, G., Ambrosino, R., Amicucci, L., Amosov, V., Sunden, E. Andersson, Angelone, M., Anghel, M., Angioni, C., Appel, L., Appelbee, C., Arena, P., Ariola, M., Arnichand, H., Arshad, S., Ash, A., Ashikawa, N., Aslanyan, V., Asunta, O., Auriemma, F., Austin, Y., Avotina, L., Axton, M. D., Ayres, C., Bacharis, M., Baciero, A., Baiao, D., Bailey, S., Baker, A., Balboa, I., Balden, M., Balshaw, N., Bament, R., Banks, J. W., Baranov, Y. F., Barnard, M. A., Barnes, D., Barnes, M., Barnsley, R., Wiechec, A. Baron, Orte, L. Barrera, Baruzzo, M., Basiuk, V., Bassan, M., Bastow, R., Batista, A., Batistoni, P., Baughan, R., Bauvir, B., Baylor, L., Bazylev, B., Beal, J., Beaumont, P. S., Beckers, M., Beckett, B., Becoulet, A., Bekris, N., Beldishevski, M., Bell, K., Belli, F., Bellinger, M., Belonohy, E., Ben Ayed, N., Benterman, N. A., Bergsaker, H., Bernardo, J., Bernert, M., Berry, M., Bertalot, L., Besliu, C., Beurskens, M., Bieg, B., Bielecki, J., Biewer, T., Bigi, M., Bilkova, P., Binda, F., Bisoffi, A., Bizarro, J. P. S., Bjorkas, C., Blackburn, J., Blackman, K., Blackman, T. R., Blanchard, P., Blatchford, P., Boboc, A., Bodnar, G., Bogar, O., Bolshakova, I., Bolzonella, T., Bonanomi, N., Bonelli, F., Boom, J., Booth, J., Borba, D., Borodin, D., Borodkina, I., Botrugno, A., Bottereau, C., Boulting, P., Bourdelle, C., Bowden, M., Bower, C., Bowman, C., Boyce, T., Boyd, C., Boyer, H. J., Bradshaw, J. M. A., Braic, V., Bravanec, R., Breizman, B., Bremond, S., Brennan, P. D., Breton, S., Brett, A., Bright, M. D. J., Brix, M., Broeckx, W., Brombin, M., Broslawski, A., Brown, D. P. D., Brown, M., Bruno, E., Bucalossi, J., Buch, J., Buchanan, J., Buckley, M. A., Budny, R., Bufferand, H., Bulman, M., Bulmer, N., Bunting, P., Buratti, P., Burckhart, A., Buscarino, A., Busse, A., Butler, N. K., Bykov, I., Byrne, J., Cahyna, P., Calabro, G., Calvo, I., Camenen, Y., Camp, P., Campling, D. C., Cane, J., Cannas, B., Capel, A. J., Card, P. J., Cardinali, A., Carman, P., Carr, M., Carralero, D., Carraro, L., Carvalho, B. B., Carvalho, I., Carvalho, P., Casson, F. J., Castaldo, C., Catarino, N., Caumont, J., Causa, F., Cavazzana, R., Cave-Ayland, K., Cavinato, M., Cecconello, M., Ceccuzzi, S., Cecil, E., Cenedese, A., Cesario, R., Challis, C. D., Chandler, M., Chandra, D., Chang, C. S., Chankin, A., Chapman, I. T., Chapman, S. C., Chernyshova, M., Chitarin, G., Ciraolo, G., Ciric, D., Citrin, J., Clairet, F., Clark, E., Clark, M., Clarkson, R., Clatworthy, D., Clements, C., Cleverly, M., Coad, J. P., Coates, P. A., Cobalt, A., Coccorese, V., Cocilovo, V., Coda, S., Coelho, R., Coenen, J. W., Coffey, I., Collins, S., Conka, D., Conroy, S., Conway, N., Coombs, D., Cooper, D., Cooper, S. R., Corradino, C., Corre, Y., Corrigan, G., Cortes, S., Coster, D., Couchman, A. S., Cox, M. P., Craciunescu, T., Cramp, S., Craven, R., Crisanti, F., Croci, G., Croft, D., Crombe, K., Crowe, R., Cruz, N., Cseh, G., Cufar, A., Cullen, A., Curuia, M., Dabirikhah, H., Dalgliesh, P., Dalley, S., Dankowski, J., Darrow, D., Davies, O., Davis, W., Day, C., Day, I. E., De Bock, M., Castro, A. De, Cal, E. De La, Luna, E. De La, De Masi, G., Pablos, J. L. De, De Temmerman, G., De Tommasi, G., Vries, P. De, Deakin, K., Deane, J., Agostini, F. Degli, Dejarnac, R., Delabie, E., Harder, N. Den, Dendy, R. O., Denis, J., Denner, P., Devaux, S., Devynck, P., Di Maio, F., Di Siena, A., Di Troia, C., Dinca, P., D’Inca, R., Ding, B., Dittmar, T., Doerk, H., Doerner, R. P., Donne, T., Dorling, S. E., Dormido-Canto, S., Doswon, S., Douai, D., Doyle, P. T., Drenik, A., Drewelow, P., Drews, P., Duckworth, Ph, Dumont, R., Dunai, D., Dunne, M., Duran, I., Durodie, F., Dutta, P., Duval, B. P., Dylst, K., Dzysiuk, N., Edappala, P. V., Edmond, J., Edwards, A. M., Edwards, J., Eich, Th, Ekedahl, A., El-Jorf, R., Elsmore, C. G., Enachescu, M., Ericsson, G., Eriksson, F., Eriksson, J., Eriksson, L. G., Esposito, B., Esquembri, S., Esser, H. G., Esteve, D., Evans, B., Evans, G. E., Evison, G., Ewart, G. D., Fagan, D., Faitsch, M., Falie, D., Fanni, A., Fasoli, A., Faustin, J. M., Fawlk, N., Fazendeiro, L., Fedorczak, N., Felton, R. C., Fenton, K., Fernades, A., Fernandes, H., Ferreira, J., Fessey, J. A., Fevrier, O., Ficker, O., Field, A., Fietz, S., Figueiredo, A., Figueiredo, J., Fil, A., Finburg, P., Firdaouss, M., Fischer, U., Fittill, L., Fitzgerald, M., Flammini, D., Flanagan, J., Fleming, C., Flinders, K., Fonnesu, N., Fontdecaba, J. M., Formisano, A., Forsythe, L., Fortuna, L., Fortuna-Zalesna, E., Fortune, M., Foster, S., Franke, T., Franklin, T., Frasca, M., Frassinetti, L., Freisinger, M., Fresa, R., Frigione, D., Fuchs, V., Fuller, D., Futatani, S., Fyvie, J., Gal, K., Galassi, D., Galazka, K., Galdon-Quiroga, J., Gallagher, J., Gallart, D., Galvao, R., Gao, X., Gao, Y., Garcia, J., Garcia-Carrasco, A., Garcia-Munoz, M., Gardarein, J.-L., Garzotti, L., Gaudio, P., Gauthier, E., Gear, D. F., Gee, S. J., Geiger, B., Gelfusa, M., Gerasimov, S., Gervasini, G., Gethins, M., Ghani, Z., Ghate, M., Gherendi, M., Giacalone, J. C., Giacomelli, L., Gibson, C. S., Giegerich, T., Gil, C., Gil, L., Gilligan, S., Gin, D., Giovannozzi, E., Girardo, J. B., Giroud, C., Giruzzi, G., Gloeggler, S., Godwin, J., Goff, J., Gohil, P., Goloborod’ko, V., Gomes, R., Goncalves, B., Goniche, M., Goodliffe, M., Goodyear, A., Gorini, G., Gosk, M., Goulding, R., Goussarov, A., Gowland, R., Graham, B., Graham, M. E., Graves, J. P., Grazier, N., Grazier, P., Green, N. R., Greuner, H., Grierson, B., Griph, F. S., Grisolia, C., Grist, D., Groth, M., Grove, R., Grundy, C. N., Grzonka, J., Guard, D., Guerard, C., Guillemaut, C., Guirlet, R., Gurl, C., Utoh, H. H., Hackett, L. J., Hacquin, S., Hagar, A., Hager, R., Hakola, A., Halitovs, M., Hall, S. J., Cook, S. P. Hallworth, Hamlyn-Harris, C., Hammond, K., Harrington, C., Harrison, J., Harting, D., Hasenbeck, F., Hatano, Y., Hatch, D. R., Haupt, T. D. V., Hawes, J., Hawkes, N. C., Hawkins, J., Hawkins, P., Haydon, P. W., Hayter, N., Hazel, S., Heesterman, P. J. L., Heinola, K., Hellesen, C., Hellsten, T., Helou, W., Hemming, O. N., Hender, T. C., Henderson, M., Henderson, S. S., Henriques, R., Hepple, D., Hermon, G., Hertout, P., Hidalgo, C., Highcock, E. G., Hill, M., Hillairet, J., Hillesheim, J., Hillis, D., Hizanidis, K., Hjalmarsson, A., Hobirk, J., Hodille, E., Hogben, C. H. A., Hogeweij, G. M. D., Hollingsworth, A., Hollis, S., Homfray, D. A., Horacek, J., Hornung, G., Horton, A. R., Horton, L. D., Horvath, L., Hotchin, S. P., Hough, M. R., Howarth, P. J., Hubbard, A., Huber, A., Huber, V., Huddleston, T. M., Hughes, M., Huijsmans, G. T. A., Hunter, C. L., Huynh, P., Hynes, A. M., Iglesias, D., Imazawa, N., Imbeaux, F., Imrisek, M., Incelli, M., Innocente, P., Irishkin, M., Ivanova-Stanik, I., Jachmich, S., Jacobsen, A. S., Jacquet, P., Jansons, J., Jardin, A., Jarvinen, A., Jaulmes, F., Jednorog, S., Jenkins, I., Jeong, C., Jepu, I., Joffrin, E., Johnson, R., Johnson, T., Johnston, Jane, Joita, L., Jones, G., Jones, T. T. C., Hoshino, K. K., Kallenbach, A., Kamiya, K., Kaniewski, J., Kantor, A., Kappatou, A., Karhunen, J., Karkinsky, D., Karnowska, I., Kaufman, M., Kaveney, G., Kazakov, Y., Kazantzidis, V., Keeling, D. L., Keenan, T., Keep, J., Kempenaars, M., Kennedy, C., Kenny, D., Kent, J., Kent, O. N., Khilkevich, E., Kim, H. T., Kim, H. S., Kinch, A., King, C., King, D., King, R. F., Kinna, D. J., Kiptily, V., Kirk, A., Kirov, K., Kirschner, A., Kizane, G., Klepper, C., Klix, A., Knight, P., Knipe, S. J., Knott, S., Kobuchi, T., Koechl, F., Kocsis, G., Kodeli, I., Kogan, L., Kogut, D., Koivuranta, S., Kominis, Y., Koeppen, M., Kos, B., Koskela, T., Koslowski, H. R., Koubiti, M., Kovari, M., Kowalska-Strzeciwilk, E., Krasilnikov, A., Krasilnikov, V., Krawczyk, N., Kresina, M., Krieger, K., Kruezi, U., Ksiazek, I., Kukushkin, A., Kundu, A., Kurki-Suonio, T., Kwak, S., Kwiatkowski, R., Kwon, O. J., Laguardia, L., Lahtinen, A., Laing, A., Lam, N., Lambertz, H. T., Lane, C., Lang, P. T., Lanthaler, S., Lapins, J., Lasa, A., Last, J. R., Laszynska, E., Lawless, R., Lawson, A., Lawson, K. D., Lazaros, A., Lazzaro, E., Leddy, J., Lee, S., Lefebvre, X., Leggate, H. J., Lehmann, J., Lehnen, M., Leichtle, D., Leichuer, P., Leipold, F., Lengar, I., Lennholm, M., Lescinskis, A., Lesnoj, S., Letellier, E., Leyland, M., Leysen, W., Li, L., Liang, Y., Likonen, J., Linke, J., Linsmeier, Ch, Lipschultz, B., Liu, G., Liu, Y., Lo Schiavo, V. P., Loarer, T., Loarte, A., Lobel, R. C., Lomanowski, B., Lomas, P. J., Lonnroth, J., Lopez, J. M., Lopez-Razola, J., Lorenzini, R., Losada, U., Lovell, J. J., Loving, A. B., Lowry, C., Luce, T., Lucock, R. M. A., Lukin, A., Luna, C., Lungaroni, M., Lungu, C. P., Lungu, M., Lunniss, A., Lupelli, I., Lyssoivan, A., Macdonald, N., Macheta, P., Maczewa, K., Magesh, B., Maget, P., Maggi, C., Maier, H., Mailloux, J., Makkonen, T., Makwana, R., Malaquias, A., Malizia, A., Manas, P., Manning, A., Manso, M. E., Mantica, P., Mantsinen, M., Manzanares, A., Maquet, Ph, Marandet, Y., Marcenko, N., Marchetto, C., Marchuk, O., Marinelli, M., Marinucci, M., Markovic, T., Marocco, D., Marot, L., Marren, C. A., Marshal, R., Martin, A., Martin, Y., Martin De Aguilera, A., Martinez, F. J., Martin-Solis, J. R., Martynova, Y., Maruyama, S., Masiello, A., Maslov, M., Matejcik, S., Mattei, M., Matthews, G. F., Maviglia, F., Mayer, M., Mayoral, M. L., May-Smith, T., Mazon, D., Mazzotta, C., McAdams, R., McCarthy, P. J., McClements, K. G., McCormack, O., McCullen, P. A., McDonald, D., McIntosh, S., McKean, R., McKehon, J., Meadows, R. C., Meakins, A., Medina, F., Medland, M., Medley, S., Meigh, S., Meigs, A. G., Meisl, G., Meitner, S., Meneses, L., Menmuir, S., Mergia, K., Merrigan, I. R., Mertens, Ph, Meshchaninov, S., Messiaen, A., Meyer, H., Mianowski, S., Michling, R., Middleton-Gear, D., Miettunen, J., Militello, F., Militello-Asp, E., Miloshevsky, G., Mink, F., Minucci, S., Miyoshi, Y., Mlynar, J., Molina, D., Monakhov, I., Moneti, M., Mooney, R., Moradi, S., Mordijck, S., Moreira, L., Moreno, R., Moro, F., Morris, A. W., Morris, J., Moser, L., Mosher, S., Moulton, D., Murari, A., Muraro, A., Murphy, S., Asakura, N. N., Na, Y. S., Nabais, F., Naish, R., Nakano, T., Nardon, E., Naulin, V., Nave, M. F. F., Nedzelski, I., Nemtsev, G., Nespoli, F., Neto, A., Neverov, V. S., Newman, M., Nicholls, K. J., Nicolas, T., Nielsen, A. H., Nielsen, P., Nilsson, E., Nishijima, D., Noble, C., Nocente, M., Nodwell, D., Nordlund, K., Nordman, H., Nouailletas, R., Nunes, I., Oberkofler, M., Odupitan, T., Ogawa, M. T., O’Gorman, T., Okabayashi, M., Olney, R., Omolayo, O., O’Mullane, M., Ongena, J., Orsitto, F., Orszagh, J., Oswuigwe, B. I., Otin, R., Owen, A., Paccagnella, R., Pace, N., Pacella, D., Packer, L. W., Page, A., Pajuste, E., Palazzo, S., Pamela, S., Panja, S., Papp, P., Paprok, R., Parail, V., Park, M., Diaz, F. Parra, Parsons, M., Pasqualotto, R., Patel, A., Pathak, S., Paton, D., Patten, H., Pau, A., Pawelec, E., Soldan, C. Paz, Peackoc, A., Pearson, I. J., Pehkonen, S.-P., Peluso, E., Penot, C., Pereira, A., Pereira, R., Puglia, P. P. Pereira, Thun, C. Perez Von, Peruzzo, S., Peschanyi, S., Peterka, M., Petersson, P., Petravich, G., Petre, A., Petrella, N., Petrzilka, V., Peysson, Y., Pfefferle, D., Philipps, V., Pillon, M., Pintsuk, G., Piovesan, P., Pires Dos Reis, A., Piron, L., Pironti, A., Pisano, F., Pitts, R., Pizzo, F., Plyusnin, V., Pomaro, N., Pompilian, O. G., Pool, P. J., Popovichev, S., Porfiri, M. T., Porosnicu, C., Porton, M., Possnert, G., Potzel, S., Powell, T., Pozzi, J., Prajapati, V., Prakash, R., Prestopino, G., Price, D., Price, M., Price, R., Prior, P., Proudfoot, R., Pucella, G., Puglia, P., Puiatti, M. E., Pulley, D., Purahoo, K., Puetterich, Th, Rachlew, E., Rack, M., Ragona, R., Rainford, M. S. J., Rakha, A., Ramogida, G., Ranjan, S., Rapson, C. J., Rasmussen, J. J., Rathod, K., Ratta, G., Ratynskaia, S., Ravera, G., Rayner, C., Rebai, M., Reece, D., Reed, A., Refy, D., Regan, B., Regana, J., Reich, M., Reid, N., Reimold, F., Reinhart, M., Reiser, D., Rendell, D., Reux, C., Reyes Cortes, S. D. A., Reynolds, S., Riccardo, V., Richardson, N., Riddle, K., Rigamonti, D., Rimini, F. G., Risner, J., Riva, M., Roach, C., Robins, R. J., Robinson, S. A., Robinson, T., Robson, D. W., Roccella, R., Rodionov, R., Rodrigues, P., Rodriguez, J., Rohde, V., Romanelli, F., Romanelli, M., Romanelli, S., Romazanov, J., Rowe, S., Rubel, M., Rubinacci, G., Rubino, G., Ruchko, L., Ruiz, M., Ruset, C., Rzadkiewicz, J., Saarelma, S., Sabot, R., Safi, E., Sagar, P., Saibene, G., Saint-Laurent, F., Salewski, M., Salmi, A., Salmon, R., Salzedas, F., Samaddar, D., Samm, U., Sandiford, D., Santa, P., Santala, M. I. K., Santos, B., Santucci, A., Sartori, F., Sartori, R., Sauter, O., Scannell, R., Schlummer, T., Schmid, K., Schmidt, V., Schmuck, S., Schneider, M., Schoepf, K., Schworer, D., Scott, S. D., Sergienko, G., Sertoli, M., Shabbir, A., Sharapov, S. E., Shaw, A., Shaw, R., Sheikh, H., Shepherd, A., Shevelev, A., Shumack, A., Sias, G., Sibbald, M., Sieglin, B., Silburn, S., Silva, A., Silva, C., Simmons, P. A., Simpson, J., Simpson-Hutchinson, J., Sinha, A., Sipila, S. K., Sips, A. C. C., Siren, P., Sirinelli, A., Sjostrand, H., Skiba, M., Skilton, R., Slabkowska, K., Slade, B., Smith, N., Smith, P. G., Smith, R., Smith, T. J., Smithies, M., Snoj, L., Soare, S., Solano, E. R., Somers, A., Sommariva, C., Sonato, P., Sopplesa, A., Sousa, J., Sozzi, C., Spagnolo, S., Spelzini, T., Spineanu, F., Stables, G., Stamatelatos, I., Stamp, M. F., Staniec, P., Stankunas, G., Stan-Sion, C., Stead, M. J., Stefanikova, E., Stepanov, I., Stephen, A. V., Stephen, M., Stevens, A., Stevens, B. D., Strachan, J., Strand, P., Strauss, H. R., Strom, P., Stubbs, G., Studholme, W., Subba, F., Summers, H. P., Svensson, J., Swiderski, L., Szabolics, T., Szawlowski, M., Szepesi, G., Suzuki, T. T., Tal, B., Tala, T., Talbot, A. R., Talebzadeh, S., Taliercio, C., Tamain, P., Tame, C., Tang, W., Tardocchi, M., Taroni, L., Taylor, D., Taylor, K. A., Tegnered, D., Telesca, G., Teplova, N., Terranova, D., Testa, D., Tholerus, E., Thomas, J., Thomas, J. D., Thomas, P., Thompson, A., Thompson, C.-A., Thompson, V. K., Thorne, L., Thornton, A., Thrysoe, A. S., Tigwell, P. A., Tipton, N., Tiseanu, I., Tojo, H., Tokitani, M., Tolias, P., Tomes, M., Tonner, P., Towndrow, M., Trimble, P., Tripsky, M., Tsalas, M., Tsavalas, P., Jun, D. Tskhakaya, Turner, I., Turner, M. M., Turnyanskiy, M., Tvalashvili, G., Tyrrell, S. G. J., Uccello, A., Ul-Abidin, Z., Uljanovs, J., Ulyatt, D., Urano, H., Uytdenhouwen, I., Vadgama, A. P., Valcarcel, D., Valentinuzzi, M., Valisa, M., Olivares, P. Vallejos, Valovic, M., Van De Mortel, M., Van Renterghem, W., Rooij, G. J. Van, Varje, J., Varoutis, S., Vartanian, S., Vasava, K., Vasilopoulou, T., Vega, J., Verdoolaege, G., Verhoeven, R., Verona, C., Rinati, G. Verona, Veshchev, E., Vianello, N., Vicente, J., Viezzer, E., Villari, S., Villone, F., Vincenzi, P., Vinyar, I., Viola, B., Vitins, A., Vizvary, Z., Vlad, M., Voitsekhovitch, I., Vondracek, P., Vora, N., Vu, T., Pires De Sa, W. W., Wakeling, B., Waldon, C. W. F., Walkden, N., Walker, M., Walker, R., Walsh, M., Wang, E., Wang, N., Warder, S., Warren, R. J., Waterhouse, J., Watkins, N. W., Watts, C., Wauters, T., Weckmann, A., Weiland, J., Weisen, H., Weiszflog, M., Wellstood, C., West, A. T., Wheatley, M. R., Whetham, S., Whitehead, A. M., Whitehead, B. D., Widdowson, A. M., Wiesen, S., Wilkinson, J., Williams, J., Williams, M., Wilson, A. R., Wilson, D. J., Wilson, H. R., Wilson, J., Wischmeier, M., Withenshaw, G., Withycombe, A., Witts, D. M., Wood, D., Wood, R., Woodley, C., Wray, S., Wright, J. C., Wu, J., Wukitch, S., Wynn, A., Xu, T., Yadikin, D., Yanling, W., Yao, L., Yavorskij, V., Yoo, M. G., Young, C., Young, D., Young, I. D., Young, R., Zacks, J., Zagorski, R., Zaitsev, F. S., Zanino, R., Zarins, A., Zastrow, K. D., Zerbini, M., Zhou, Y., Zilli, E., Zoita, V., Zoletnik, S., Zychor, I., Team, ASDEX Upgrade, Team, Alcator C.-Mod, and Team, EUROfusion MST1

Subjects
Field-aligned antenna, ILA, ICRF, ASDEX upgrade, JET-ILW, A2 antenna, RF sheath, Sputtering, Alcator C-Mod, Three-strap, 3-strap, 7. Clean energy, Power balance
Abstract

Recent achievements in studies of the effects of ICRF (Ion Cyclotron Range of Frequencies) power on the SOL (Scrape-Off Layer) and PWI (Plasma Wall Interactions) in ASDEX Upgrade (AUG), Alcator C-Mod, and JET-ILW are reviewed. Capabilities to diagnose and model the effect of DC biasing and associated impurity production at active antennas and on magnetic field connections to antennas are described. The experiments show that ICRF near-fields can lead not only to E×B convection, but also to modifications of the SOL density, which for Alcator C-Mod are limited to a narrow region near antenna. On the other hand, the SOL density distribution along with impurity sources can be tailored using local gas injection in AUG and JET-ILW with a positive effect on reduction of impurity sources. The technique of RF image current cancellation at antenna limiters was successfully applied in AUG using the 3-strap AUG antenna and extended to the 4-strap Alcator C-Mod field-aligned antenna. Multiple observations confirmed the reduction of the impact of ICRF on the SOL and on total impurity production when the ratio of the power of the central straps to the total antenna power is in the range 0.6

47. Outcomes of Deep Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest for Descending and Thoracoabdominal Aneurysm Repair.

Author

Chen JR, Shah VN, Koeneman SH, King C, McGee J, and Plestis K

Subjects
Humans, Male, Female, Treatment Outcome, Middle Aged, Aged, Time Factors, Risk Factors, Retrospective Studies, Aortic Dissection surgery, Aortic Dissection mortality, Aortic Dissection diagnostic imaging, Risk Assessment, Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic surgery, Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic diagnostic imaging, Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic mortality, Circulatory Arrest, Deep Hypothermia Induced adverse effects, Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation adverse effects, Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation mortality, Hospital Mortality, Postoperative Complications etiology, Postoperative Complications mortality, Length of Stay
Abstract

Background: Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) in patients undergoing descending thoracic (DTAA) or thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) repair is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. We present our outcomes after open DTAA and TAAA repair with and without DHCA., Methods: From 1999 to 2022, 81 (38.8%) patients undergoing DTAA or TAAA repair required DHCA because proximal cross-clamping was not feasible or aneurysmal pathology extended into the arch and 128 (61.2%) patients required only distal bypass. Because of intrinsic pathological differences in patients requiring DHCA, confidence intervals (CIs) were used to compare groups in lieu of formal hypothesis tests., Results: DHCA patients had more chronic dissections (64.2% vs. 43.8%, 95% CI for difference: 6-35%) and higher body mass indices (29.5 ± 6.8 vs. 27.2 ± 6.6, CI: 26-421%). More non-DHCA patients had medial degeneration (9.9% vs. 31.3%, CI: -33 to -7%). There were 10 (12.4%) in-hospital deaths for the DHCA and 10 (7.8%) for the non-DHCA group (CI: -5 to 14%). Survival at 10 years was 52.6% (CI: 42.1-65.7%) for the non-DHCA group and 48.3% (CI: 40.3-57.9%) for the DHCA group. The only meaningful differences in postoperative outcomes were intensive care unit (5.5 days vs. 6 days, CI: 12-410%) and hospital stay (19 days vs. 12 days, CI: 74-470%), which were longer in the DHCA group., Conclusions: Despite longer intensive care unit and hospital length of stays, selective use of DHCA is safe and effective with comparable morbidity and mortality to non-DHCA in open DTAA and TAAA repair., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2024
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48. Ketamine-enhanced prolonged exposure therapy in veterans with PTSD: A randomized controlled trial protocol.

Author

Shiroma PR, Thuras P, Polusny MA, Kehle-Forbes S, Disner S, Pardo JV, Gilmore C, Tolly B, Voller E, McManus E, King C, Lipinski A, Eng E, Hawkinson F, and Wang G

Subjects
Humans, Midazolam therapeutic use, Midazolam administration & dosage, Combined Modality Therapy, Male, Adult, Double-Blind Method, Ketamine administration & dosage, Ketamine therapeutic use, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic therapy, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic drug therapy, Veterans psychology, Implosive Therapy methods
Abstract

Background: The 2023 VA/DoD Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of PTSD recommends individual, manualized trauma-focused such as Prolonged Exposure (PE) over pharmacologic interventions for the primary treatment of PTSD. Unfortunately, clinical trials of trauma-based therapies in the military and veteran population showed that 30% to 50% of patients did not demonstrate clinically meaningful symptom change. Ketamine, an FDA-approved anesthetic with potent non-competitive glutamatergic N-methyl-d-aspartate antagonistic properties, has demonstrated to enhance the recall of extinction learning and decrease fear renewal without interference of extinction training in preclinical studies., Methods: We plan to conduct a single site RCT comparing three ketamine treatment vs. active placebo (midazolam) adjunct to PE therapy among Veterans with PTSD. Pharmacological phase will start simultaneously with PE session 1. Infusions will be administered 24 h. prior to PE session for the first 3 weeks. After PE is completed (session 10), patients will be assessed during a 3-month follow-up period at various time points. We estimate that out of 100 veterans, 80 will reach time point for primary outcome measure and will be considered for primary analysis. Secondary outcomes include severity of depression and anxiety scores, safety and tolerability of ketamine-enhanced PE therapy, cognitive performance during treatment and early improvement during PE related to the rate of dropouts during PE therapy., Discussion: Results of the proposed RCT could provide scientific foundation to distinguish the essential components of this approach, enhance the methodology, elucidate the mechanisms involved, and identify sub-PTSD populations that most likely benefit from this intervention., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors report no financial relationships with commercial interests., (Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Published
2024
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50. Comparing police use of drug detection dogs amongst injecting and non-injecting groups of people who regularly use drugs in Australia.

Author

Gibbs D, King C, Hughes C, Peacock A, Grigg J, Yuen WS, and Sutherland R

Subjects
Animals, Dogs, Humans, Australia epidemiology, N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, Police, Illicit Drugs, Substance Abuse, Intravenous diagnosis, Working Dogs, Criminal Law legislation & jurisprudence
Abstract

Introduction: Drug detection dogs are utilised across multiple settings, however existing literature focuses predominantly on festival-based encounters. We compare drug dog encounters in non-festival settings among two samples of people who regularly use drugs, and investigate factors associated with witness only versus stop and/or search encounters., Methods: Australians who regularly (i.e., ≥monthly) use ecstasy and/or other illegal stimulants (n = 777; Ecstasy and Related Drugs Reporting System (EDRS)) or inject illegal drugs (n = 862; Illicit Drugs Reporting System (IDRS)) were surveyed between April-June, 2019. Univariable regression analyses were used to test for differences in drug dog encounters between samples, and to identify factors associated with a more intensive drug dog encounter (namely those that involved a stop and/or search)., Results: People who inject drugs were less likely to witness drug dogs than those who regularly use ecstasy and/or other illegal stimulants (odds ratio (OR) 0.46; 95 % CI 0.30-0.69). They were significantly more likely than EDRS participants to report being stopped and searched (3.29; 1.68-6.44) however. Among those carrying drugs at their last stop and/or search encounter, the majority of both samples reported that their drugs were not detected by police. IDRS participants aged 35-49 were more likely to report a stop and/or search encounter than those aged 17-34; no significant associations were found among the EDRS sample., Conclusions: Despite participants who use ecstasy and/other stimulants being more likely than those who regularly inject drugs to report encountering drug dogs in non-festival settings, participants who inject drugs were more likely to report an intensive or invasive drug dog encounter and/or receiving a formal criminal justice consequence. This study reinforces questions about the efficacy and appropriateness of drug dog operations., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest R.S. has received untied educational funds from Seqirus. A.P. has received untied educational grants from Seqirus and Mundipharma for study of opioid medications. Funding from these organisations has now ceased for both authors, funding was for work unrelated to this project, and the funding bodies had no role in study design, analysis and reporting All other authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2023
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