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Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Introduction: Kidney transplantation remains the gold standard of treatment for end-stage renal disease (ESRD), with improved patient outcomes compared with dialysis. Epigenome-Wide Association Analysis (EWAS) of DNA methylation may identify markers that contribute to an individual's risk of adverse transplant outcomes, yet only a limited number of EWAS have been conducted in kidney transplant recipients. This EWAS aimed to interrogate the methylation profile of a kidney transplant recipient cohort with minimal posttransplant complications, exploring differences in samples pretransplant and posttransplant., Methods: We compared differentially methylated cytosine-phosphate-guanine sites (dmCpGs) in samples derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of the same kidney transplant recipients, collected both pretransplant and posttransplant ( N  = 154), using the Infinium MethylationEPIC microarray (Illumina, San Diego, CA). Recipients received kidneys from deceased donors and had a mean of 17 years of follow-up., Results: Five top-ranked dmCpGs were significantly different at false discovery rate (FDR) adjusted P  ≤ 9 × 10 -8 ; cg23597162 within JAZF1 , cg25187293 within BTNL8 , cg17944885, located between ZNF788P and ZNF625-ZNF20, cg14655917 located between ASB4 and PDK4 and cg09839120 located between GIMAP6 and EIF2AP3 ., Conclusion: Five dmCpGs were identified at the generally accepted EWAS critical significance level of FDR adjusted P ( P FDRadj ) ≤ 9 × 10 -8 , including cg23597162 (within JAZF1 ) and cg17944885, which have prior associations with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Comparing individuals with no evidence of posttransplant complications ( N  = 105) demonstrated that 693,555 CpGs (89.57%) did not display any significant difference in methylation ( P FDRadj  ≥ 0.05), thereby this study establishes an important reference for future epigenetic studies that seek to identify markers of posttransplant complications., (© 2022 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the International Society of Nephrology.)

Previous research suggests that there may be a relationship between the timing of motor events and phases of the cardiac cycle. This relationship has thus far only been researched using simple isolated movements such as key-presses in reaction-time tasks and only in a single subject acting alone. Other research has shown both movement and cardiac coordination among interacting individuals. Here, we investigated how the cardiac cycle relates to ongoing self-paced movements in both action execution and observation using a novel dyadic paradigm. We recorded electrocardiography (ECG) in 26 subjects who formed 19 dyads containing an action executioner and observer as they performed a self-paced sequence of movements. We demonstrated that heartbeats are timed to movements during both action execution and observation. Specifically, movements were less likely to culminate synchronously with the heartbeat around the time of the R-peak of the ECG. The same pattern was observed for action observation, with the observer's heartbeats occurring off-phase with movement culmination. These findings demonstrate that there is coordination between an action executioner's cardiac cycle and the timing of their movements, and that the same relationship is mirrored in an observer. This suggests that previous findings of interpersonal coordination may be caused by the mirroring of a phasic relationship between movement and the heart., (Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Neutron scattering data establish that the radius of gyration of the DNA in chicken erythrocyte chromatosome particles is significantly higher, by about 0.3 nm, than the radius of gyration of the DNA in the core particle. Corresponding information of the radius of gyration of the protein component in the chromatosomes (3.75 nm) indicated an enlargement, compared to the radius of gyration of the octamer of histone proteins both in core particles and in the histone octamer stabilised in 2 M NaCl (3.25 nm). From the latter data, we could calculate the distance in the chromatosome between the centre of mass of the linker histone and the histone octamer as 5.5 nm. These results impose severe limitations for the organisation of the 22 bp extra DNA and the possible location of H1/H5 in the chromatosome, implying that the H1/H5 is close to the centre turn of the core particle DNA.