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1. Regio- and stereoselectivity of the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides to (E)-3-(2-oxo-2-(pyren-1-yl)ethylidene)indolin-2-ones: A combined experimental and theoretical study

Author

Essam M. Hussein, Ziad Moussa, Uttam Pal, Reem I. Alsantali, Abdullah Y.A. Alzahrani, Rami J. Obaid, Fawaz M. Alzahrani, Munirah M. Al-Rooqi, Meshari A. Alsharif, Nizar El Guesmi, Rabab S. Jassas, M. Shaheer Malik, Hatem M. Altass, Samir K. Pal, Tanusri Saha Dasgupta, and Saleh A. Ahmed

Subjects
Natural product scaffold, Multicomponent [3 + 2] cycloaddition, DFT, Transition state, Local reactivity, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Functionalized oxindoles and pyrrolizidines form the central structural framework for numerous natural products with extensive biological and pharmacological applications. The requirement for high regio- and stereoselectivity is the main obstacle in the synthesis of such five-membered heterocycles. Multicomponent cycloaddition reactions often provide an efficient and straightforward approach for the preparation of specific regio- and stereoisomers. In this article, the regio- and stereochemistry of the polar [3 + 2]-cycloaddition (32CA) reaction of azomethine ylides prepared by the reaction of isatin derivatives and L-proline with a series of (E)-3-(2-oxo-2-(pyren-1-yl)ethylidene)indolin-2-ones was investigated by experimental and theoretical methods. Among the isatin and (E)-3-(2-oxo-2-(pyren-1-yl)ethylidene)indolin-2-one derivatives, a remarkable inversion of regioselectivity was observed in the 32CA reaction of azomethine ylide generated by the reaction of L-proline and 5-chloroisatin or N-methyl-5-chloroisatin with (E)-5-chloro-3-(2-oxo-2-(pyren-1-yl)ethylidene)indolin-2-one. The regio- and stereochemical assignment of the structures of the cycloaddition products was determined by one- and two-dimensional (1D&2D) homonuclear and heteronuclear correlation nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The molecular mechanism as well as the regio- and stereoselectivity of the cycloaddition were investigated by means of global and local reactivity indices and a density functional theory (DFT) and explained in detail on the basis of the transition state stabilities of the reactants.

Published
2022
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2. Metastasis in renal cell carcinoma: Biology and implications for therapy

Author

Jun Gong, Manuel Caitano Maia, Nazli Dizman, Ameish Govindarajan, and Sumanta K. Pal

Subjects
Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology, RC870-923
Abstract

Although multiple advances have been made in systemic therapy for renal cell carcinoma (RCC), metastatic RCC remains incurable. In the current review, we focus on the underlying biology of RCC and plausible mechanisms of metastasis. We further outline evolving strategies to combat metastasis through adjuvant therapy. Finally, we discuss clinical patterns of metastasis in RCC and how distinct systemic therapy approaches may be considered based on the anatomic location of metastasis. Keywords: Renal cell carcinoma, Metastasis, Vascular endothelial growth factor, Mammalian target of rapamycin, Hypoxia inducible factor

Published
2016
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3. Cytoreductive Nephrectomy in 2021: Obsolete

Author

Luis Meza, Neal S. Chawla, Gianluca Giannarini, and Sumanta K. Pal

Subjects
Urology, Open to Debate: Con, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC870-923, Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology, RC254-282
Published
2021

4. List of contributors

Author

Farhan J. Ahmad, Md Akbar, Kainat Alam, Md Jahangir Alam, Nabil A. Alhakamy, Ashique Al Hoque, Hasan Ali, Waleed H. Almalki, Mohammad Javed Ansari, Soumyabrata Banerjee, Sarwar Beg, Amanda C. Cano, T. Sai Chaitanya, Apala Chakraborty, Samrat Chakraborty, Deeksha Chauhan, Hani Choudhry, Sabya Sachi Das, Vishnu Das, Lucimara G. de La Torre, Mangaldeep Dey, Moumita Dhara, Amit K. Dubey, Lopamudra Dutta, Debasmita Dutta, Fabiani G. Frantz, Sayantani Ghosh, Honey Goel, Kamya Goyal, Kunal Goyal, Madhu Gupta, Rajesh Kumar Gupta, Abdul Hafeez, Mayank Handa, Maryam Hosseinpour, Anas Haruna Indabawa, Deepak Bedanand Jha, Shammy Jindal, Jasmeet Kaur, S.M. Kawish, Kanchan Kohli, Pankaj Kumar, Vikas Kumar, R. Manasa Deepa, Bharti Mangla, Ishan Moitra, Biswajit Mukherjee, Ajay Kumar Pal, Jayanta K. Pal, Sharvil Narendra Patil, Mahfoozur Rahman, Neha Raina, Radha Rani, Rodrigo F. Rodrigues, Rogério S. Rosada, Ankit Sahoo, Ali Sartaj, Abhas Saxena, Ajay Sharma, Tarani Prakash Shrivastava, Rahul Shukla, Anirudh Dev Singh, Meghna Amrita Singh, Navdeep Singh, Sandeep Kumar Singh, Shubhankar Kumar Singh, Eliana B. Souto, Suryakanta Swain, Mohamad Taleuzzaman, P.R.P. Verma, Neha Vijay, Eiji Yuba, and Aleksandra Zielinska

Published
2022
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7. Efficacy and correlative analyses of avelumab plus axitinib versus sunitinib in sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma: post hoc analysis of a randomized clinical trial

Author

Xinmeng Jasmine Mu, J.M.G. Larkin, Brian I. Rini, Keith A. Ching, Mariangela Mariani, A. di Pietro, Boris Alekseev, Aleksander Chudnovsky, Laurence Albiges, Gwenaelle Gravis, Robert J. Motzer, Bo Huang, Paul B. Robbins, Balaji Venugopal, Mehmet Asim Bilen, Sumanta K. Pal, Hideaki Miyake, Subramanian Hariharan, Toni K. Choueiri, Brigham & Women’s Hospital [Boston] (BWH), Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center [Duarte], Memorial Sloane Kettering Cancer Center [New York], Vanderbilt University Medical Center [Nashville], Vanderbilt University [Nashville], University of Glasgow, P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute, National Medical Research Radiological Centre, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Emory University [Atlanta, GA]

Subjects
Oncology, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, renal cell carcinoma, axitinib, Subgroup analysis, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, JAVELIN Renal 101, urologic and male genital diseases, law.invention, Avelumab, Randomized controlled trial, law, Renal cell carcinoma, Internal medicine, Post-hoc analysis, medicine, Original Research, business.industry, Sunitinib, sarcomatoid, Hazard ratio, medicine.disease, Axitinib, avelumab, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

Background Among patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC), those with sarcomatoid histology (sRCC) have the poorest prognosis. This analysis assessed the efficacy of avelumab plus axitinib versus sunitinib in patients with treatment-naive advanced sRCC. Methods The randomized, open-label, multicenter, phase III JAVELIN Renal 101 trial (NCT02684006) enrolled patients with treatment-naive advanced RCC. Patients were randomized 1 : 1 to receive either avelumab plus axitinib or sunitinib following standard doses and schedules. Assessments in this post hoc analysis of patients with sRCC included efficacy (including progression-free survival) and biomarker analyses. Results A total of 108 patients had sarcomatoid histology and were included in this post hoc analysis; 47 patients in the avelumab plus axitinib arm and 61 in the sunitinib arm. Patients in the avelumab plus axitinib arm had improved progression-free survival [stratified hazard ratio, 0.57 (95% confidence interval, 0.325-1.003)] and a higher objective response rate (46.8% versus 21.3%; complete response in 4.3% versus 0%) versus those in the sunitinib arm. Correlative gene expression analyses of patients with sRCC showed enrichment of gene pathway scores for cancer-associated fibroblasts and regulatory T cells, CD274 and CD8A expression, and tumors with The Cancer Genome Atlas m3 classification. Conclusions In this subgroup analysis of JAVELIN Renal 101, patients with sRCC in the avelumab plus axitinib arm had improved efficacy outcomes versus those in the sunitinib arm. Correlative analyses provide insight into this subtype of RCC and suggest that avelumab plus axitinib may increase the chance of overcoming the aggressive features of sRCC., Highlights • Patients with sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma had improved progression-free survival with avelumab + axitinib versus sunitinib. • The objective response rate was 46.8% for patients in the avelumab + axitinib arm versus 21.3% for those in the sunitinib arm. • Correlative analyses showed enrichment for cancer-associated fibroblasts and regulatory T cells, and CD274 and CD8A expression. • Our findings suggest that avelumab + axitinib may improve the chance of overcoming the aggressive features of this subtype.

Published
2021
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8. Conversion of carbon dioxide to valuable compounds

Author

Dashrathbhai B. Kanzariya and Tapan K. Pal

Subjects
Reaction conditions, chemistry.chemical_classification, Chemical transformation, chemistry.chemical_compound, Catalytic cycle, Chemistry, Carbon dioxide, chemistry.chemical_element, Polymer, Efficient catalyst, Carbon, Combinatorial chemistry, Catalysis
Abstract

Thus development of a suitable technology is essential for the valorization of CO2 to different value-added products so that we should not leave harmful activity for our future society to resolve. Moreover, the activation of CO2 is difficult due to it having the highest oxidized form of carbon which prohibits certain chemical transformation. To circumvent this we need to have a highly reactive substance and need to optimize the reaction conditions very precisely. Alternatively to generate C-C bonds from CO2 we require an efficient catalyst or driving force. So, design or synthesis of the catalyst is very crucial. The catalyst can be easily available or can be easily synthesized from low-cost materials and some other characteristics like reusable, catalytic activity throughout the catalytic cycle. In this chapter we will discuss the synthesis of different value-added products, such as cyclic and linear carbonates, polymers, and liquid energy fuels, and the role of numerous catalysts for the synthesis of each product.

Published
2021
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9. Avelumab first-line maintenance in locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma: Applying clinical trial findings to clinical practice

Author

Petros Grivas, Sumanta K. Pal, Jodi Smith, Cora N. Sternberg, Geeta Devgan, Srikala S. Sridhar, Joaquim Bellmunt, Arash Rezazadeh Kalebasty, and Neeraj Agarwal

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, Avelumab, Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma, medicine.medical_treatment, Immune checkpoint inhibitor, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized, Maintenance Chemotherapy, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological, Maintenance therapy, Internal medicine, Medicine, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Chemotherapy, Clinical Trials as Topic, Bladder cancer, business.industry, Hazard ratio, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Prognosis, Carboplatin, Clinical trial, Switch maintenance, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Urinary Bladder Neoplasms, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Urothelial carcinoma, Immunotherapy, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

Although urothelial carcinoma (UC) is considered a chemotherapy-sensitive tumor, progression-free survival and overall survival (OS) are typically short following standard first-line (1L) platinum-containing chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have antitumor activity in UC and favorable safety profiles compared with chemotherapy; however, trials of 1L ICI monotherapy or chemotherapy + ICI combinations have not yet shown improved OS vs chemotherapy alone. In addition to direct cytotoxicity, chemotherapy has potential immunogenic effects, providing a rationale for assessing ICIs as switch-maintenance therapy. In the JAVELIN Bladder 100 phase 3 trial, avelumab administered as 1L maintenance with best supportive care (BSC) significantly prolonged OS vs BSC alone in patients with locally advanced or metastatic UC that had not progressed with 1L platinum-containing chemotherapy (median OS, 21.4 vs 14.3 months; hazard ratio, 0.69 [95% CI, 0.56–0.86]; P = 0.001). Efficacy benefits were seen across various subgroups, including recipients of 1L cisplatin- or carboplatin-based chemotherapy, patients with PD-L1+ or PD-L1− tumors, and patients with diverse characteristics. Results from JAVELIN Bladder 100 led to the approval of avelumab as 1L maintenance therapy for patients with locally advanced or metastatic UC that has not progressed with platinum-containing chemotherapy. Avelumab 1L maintenance is also included as a standard of care in treatment guidelines for advanced UC with level 1 evidence. This review summarizes the data that supported these developments and discusses practical considerations for administering avelumab maintenance in clinical practice, including patient selection and treatment management.

Published
2021

10. Utilization of systemic therapy for treatment of advanced urothelial carcinoma: Lessons from real world experience

Author

Sumanta K. Pal, Petros Grivas, Neeraj Agarwal, and Umang Swami

Subjects
Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Immunoconjugates, medicine.medical_treatment, Disease, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized, Cystectomy, Medical Oncology, Systemic therapy, Disease-Free Survival, Drug Administration Schedule, Avelumab, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Maintenance therapy, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols, medicine, Biomarkers, Tumor, Humans, Practice Patterns, Physicians', Intensive care medicine, RC254-282, Neoplasm Staging, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Chemotherapy, Carcinoma, Transitional Cell, Evidence-Based Medicine, Performance status, business.industry, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, Carboplatin, Neoadjuvant Therapy, Oncology, chemistry, Urinary Bladder Neoplasms, Chemotherapy, Adjuvant, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Sacituzumab govitecan, Camptothecin, Cisplatin, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

Metastatic bladder cancer has poor overall survival. Though systemic therapies have shown to improve overall survival, real-world studies have shown that more than half of the patients do not receive any systemic therapy, while only around 15-20% receive second-line therapy. Even in patients receiving systemic therapies a disproportionately higher use of carboplatin is observed in the first line despite proven superior effectiveness of cisplatin. Reasons for these observations include moderate effectiveness and relatively toxicity of platinum-based chemotherapy regimens, concerns with performance status and co-morbidities in this predominantly older patient population, communications barriers, lack of social support, and access to affordable healthcare. Herein we discuss potential ways to overcome these challenges which include (1) preventing/delaying metastatic disease by maximizing the receipt of neoadjuvant cisplatin-based therapy, and development of better tolerated and more effective neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies, (2) use of avelumab maintenance therapy after 4-6 cycles of platinum-based chemotherapy to overcome attrition of patients from first to second-line therapy, (3) advancing effective and well-tolerated systemic therapies such as enfortumab vedotin, and erdafitinib to the first-line metastatic setting or even to the localized setting, (4) further development of effective and well-tolerated therapies like sacituzumab govitecan, a novel antibody-drug conjugate and (5) improving affordability and accessibility to systemic therapy agents.

Published
2021

11. List of contributors

Author

M.N. Anwar, Aymen Amine Assadi, Beatriz Ávila-Bolívar, B.J. Blamo, Sankha Chakrabortty, Prasenjit Chakraborty, Dinesh De, Jeane Estela Ayres de Lima, Michèle Oberson de Souza, Zhanxi Fan, Leticia García-Cruz, Siti Zubaidah Hasan, A. Humayun, Wan Nor Roslam Wan Isahak, Dashrathbhai B. Kanzariya, Munawar Khalil, Mohsen Lashgari, Rosane Angélica Ligabue, Sivachandiran Loganathan, Jinlin Long, Abu Taleb Miah, Wesley Formentin Monteiro, Vicente Montiel, Paulpandian Muthu Mareeswaran, Jayato Nayak, Parimal Pal, Tapan K. Pal, Jéssica Pereira Pires, Muhammad Ridwan, Biswajit Ruj, Marimuthu Senthilkumaran, Vivekanand Sharma, José Solla-Gullón, Michele Oliveira Vieira, Z.J. Wang, Jinli Yu, Rika Tri Yunarti, Hongwen Zhang, Zhicheng Zhang, and Yating Zhu

Published
2021
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12. Contributors

Author

Gary M. Abrams, Gregory W. Albers, Matthew R. Amans, Michael J. Aminoff, Amit Batla, John P. Betjemann, Michael Camilleri, Robert Chen, Chadwick W. Christine, Kyle J. Coleman, G.A.B. Davies-Jones, Lisa M. DeAngelis, Amar Dhand, William P. Dillon, Vanja C. Douglas, Christine Fox, Joseph M. Furman, Douglas J. Gelb, David J. Gladstone, Simon M. Glynn, Douglas S. Goodin, Brent P. Goodman, John E. Greenlee, Elan Guterman, Cathra Halabi, Mark Hallett, John J. Halperin, Shelby Harris, J. Claude Hemphill, Orest Hurko, Sarosh R. Irani, Jasmin Jo, S. Andrew Josephson, Thomas J. Kaley, Anthony S. Kim, Nerissa U. Ko, Anita A. Koshy, Lironn Kraler, Allan Krumholz, John M. Leonard, Morris Levin, Edward M. Manno, Frank L. Mastaglia, Carine W. Maurer, Andrew A. McCall, Robert O. Messing, Augusto Miravalle, Renee Monderer, John A. Morren, Alexandra D. Muccilli, Ryan T. Muir, Olwen C. Murphy, Kendall Nash, Winnie W. Ooi, Pramod K. Pal, Jalesh N. Panicker, Jack M. Parent, Michael J. Peluso, John R. Perfect, Shabnam Peyvandi, Ronald F. Pfeiffer, Steven M. Phillips, Ann Noelle Poncelet, Sashank Prasad, Shweta Prasad, John C. Probasco, Kaylynn Purdy, Alejandro A. Rabinstein, Jeffrey W. Ralph, Prashanth S. Ramachandran, Karen L. Roos, Andrew P. Rose-Innes, Delaram Safarpour, David Schiff, Hyman M. Schipper, Maulik P. Shah, Kaveh Sharzehi, Pamela J. Shaw, Serena Spudich, Jayashri Srinivasan, Barney J. Stern, Chung-Huan Johnny Sun, Jon D. Sussman, Michael Thorpy, Nick S. Verber, David B. VoduŠek, Karin Weissenborn, Linda S. Williams, Michael R. Wilson, and Douglas W. Zochodne

Published
2021
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13. Real-world clinical effectiveness of second-line sunitinib following immuno-oncology therapy in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma

Author

Christian Kollmannsberger, Shaan Dudani, Sumanta K. Pal, G. De Velasco, Thomas Powles, Aaron R. Hansen, Bradley Alexander McGregor, Lori Wood, Chun Loo Gan, Elizabeth Chien Hern Liow, Frede Donskov, Mei Sheng Duh, J.C. Wells, Lynn Huynh, Takeshi Yuasa, Benoit Beuselinck, Igor Stukalin, Arun Azad, and D.Y.C. Heng

Subjects
Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Sunitinib, Clinical effectiveness, Urology, medicine.disease, lcsh:Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology, lcsh:RC870-923, lcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, lcsh:RC254-282, Second line, Renal cell carcinoma, Internal medicine, medicine, In patient, business, medicine.drug
Published
2020

14. Vorolanib and everolimus: Lenvatinib and everolimus part deux, or something new?

Author

Alexander Chehrazi-Raffle and Sumanta K. Pal

Subjects
Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, Indoles, Pyrrolidines, Research paper, lcsh:Medicine, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Vorolanib, chemistry.chemical_compound, CM082, Internal medicine, Humans, Medicine, Pyrroles, Everolimus, Combination therapy, lcsh:R5-920, Phenylurea Compounds, business.industry, lcsh:R, General Medicine, Renal cell carcinoma, chemistry, Quinolines, business, Lenvatinib, lcsh:Medicine (General), medicine.drug
Abstract

Background Vorolanib (X-82, CM082) is a multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitor. This study aimed to evaluate the tolerability, safety, pharmacokinetics and antitumor activities of vorolanib plus everolimus (an inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin). Methods Patients had histologically or cytologically confirmed advanced RCC and failed with standard therapy were eligible for this study. Dose-escalated combinations of vorolanib (100, 150 or 200 mg once daily) with everolimus (5 mg once daily) were administered on 28-day cycles until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity using a conventional 3 + 3 dose-escalation design. Findings 22 patients (100 mg n = 4, 150 mg n = 3, 200 mg n = 15) were enrolled. Only one patient experienced dose-limiting toxicity (DLT, grade 4 thrombocytopenia) in the vorolanib 200 mg combination cohort, and the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was not reached. The most common treatment-related adverse events were proteinuria (100%), leukopenia (77%), hypercholesterolaemia (77%), increased low-density lipoprotein (68%), hypertriglyceridaemia (64%), hyperglycaemia (59%), and fatigue (55%). Most treatment-related adverse events were grade 1 to 2, with grade 3 or higher toxicities mostly seen in the 200 mg cohort. Single dosing of vorolanib demonstrated dose-proportional increases in the Cmax and AUC, and observed short t1/2z ranging from 4.74±1.44 to 12.89±7.49 h. The pharmacokinetic parameters for everolimus were similar among all cohorts. Of 19 evaluable patients, the ORR and DCR was 32% (n = 6, 95% CI, 13–57%) and 100% (95% CI, 82–100%), respectively. Interpretation Combination therapy of vorolanib 200 mg plus everolimus 5 mg once daily is potentially effective with potential activity. Further evaluation of the combination in advanced RCC patients is ongoing (NCT03095040). Funding Betta Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China.

Published
2020

15. Switch maintenance therapy for advanced bladder cancer: A paradigm shift in 2020

Author

Jasnoor Malhotra, Sumanta K. Pal, and Neal Shiv Chawla

Subjects
Oncology, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Avelumab, Immunoconjugates, medicine.medical_treatment, Pembrolizumab, Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors, Maintenance Chemotherapy, Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological, Maintenance therapy, Internal medicine, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols, Medicine, Humans, Molecular Targeted Therapy, RC254-282, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Bladder cancer, business.industry, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, Immunotherapy, medicine.disease, Progression-Free Survival, Switch maintenance, Urinary Bladder Neoplasms, Paradigm shift, Advanced bladder cancer, business, medicine.drug
Published
2020

16. Sorption behavior of coal for implication in coal bed methane an overview

Author

B K Pal and Manasi Manjari Mohanty

Subjects
lcsh:TN1-997, Waste management, Petroleum engineering, business.industry, 020209 energy, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Sorption, 02 engineering and technology, Carbon sequestration, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, Methane, chemistry.chemical_compound, 020401 chemical engineering, chemistry, Geochemistry and Petrology, Natural gas, Greenhouse gas, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Coal, 0204 chemical engineering, business, lcsh:Mining engineering. Metallurgy
Abstract

CBM has been recognized as a significant natural gas resource for a long time. Recently, CO2 sequestration in coalbeds for ECBM has been attracting growing attention because of greater concerns about the effects of greenhouse gases and the emerging commercial significance of CBM. Reservoir-simulation technology, as a useful tool of reservoir development, has the capability to provide us with an economic means to solve complex reservoir-engineering problems with efficiency. The pore structure of coal is highly heterogeneous, and the heterogeneity of the pores depends on the coal type and rank. Keywords: ECBM, Greenhouse gases, Sequestration, Adsorption and desorption, Porosity and permeability

Published
2017

17. Next Generation Sequencing in metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer

Author

Sumanta K. Pal, Jacob J. Adashek, and Meghan Salgia

Subjects
Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, Urology, medicine.medical_treatment, DNA sequencing, Targeted therapy, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Prostate cancer, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Next generation sequencing, medicine, Enzalutamide, 030212 general & internal medicine, Chemotherapy, business.industry, ctDNA, medicine.disease, chemistry, Docetaxel, Cabazitaxel, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Genomic Profile, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

Although the outcomes have improved in metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), there is a limited arsenal of treatment options at the oncologist's disposal. The options range from enzalutamide and abiraterone (hormone-based therapies), docetaxel and cabazitaxel (chemotherapy), and radium-223 (radioactive isotope), but beyond these medications there are no other options and additionally none of these options are curative.1 Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), including Guardant360, allows clinicians to sequence tumor tissues or blood samples in a short timeframe. The use of NGS for patients is a new outlet to identify therapies that would otherwise not be selected when potentially appropriate. The NGS platform Guardant360 constructs a genomic profile by analyzing 72 somatic cancer-associated genes from circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) derived from serum. The implications of the data from NGS can be used to guide treatment with the potential for finding a sui generis target within a tumor sample giving patients personalized therapeutic options. Herein, we discuss a case of mCRPC treated with a targeted therapy based on the patient's ctDNA results and provide insight into the future considerations for NGS.

Published
2018

18. Individualised indications for cytoreductive nephrectomy: which criteria define the optimal candidates?

Author

Vincenzo Ficarra, Sumanta K. Pal, Jose A. Karam, Alessandro Larcher, Arnaud Mejean, Hendrik Van Poppel, Axel Bex, Michael L. Blute, and Christopher J.D. Wallis

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Urology, medicine.medical_treatment, Metastatic renal cell carcinoma, 030232 urology & nephrology, Cytoreductive nephrectomy, Metastatic renal cell carcinoma, Targeted therapy, Presurgical therapy, Systemic therapy, Kidney cancer, Systemic therapy, Nephrectomy, Targeted therapy, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Renal cell carcinoma, Cytoreductive nephrectomy, medicine, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Intensive care medicine, Carcinoma, Renal Cell, business.industry, Presurgical therapy, Kidney cancer, Perioperative, Cytoreduction Surgical Procedures, Sunitinib malate, medicine.disease, Kidney Neoplasms, Clinical trial, Treatment Outcome, Oncology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Surgery, business
Abstract

Context The current role of cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) is controversial. Objective Review of the available evidence about criteria defining CN optimal candidates. Evidence acquisition Collaborative critical narrative review of the literature focusing on CN oncological outcomes, perioperative morbidity, eligibility criteria, presurgical systemic therapy, and surgical factors. Evidence synthesis In contrast to observational studies, the Clinical Trial to Assess the Importance of Nephrectomy (CARMENA) trial demonstrated noninferiority of targeted therapy alone relative to CN with targeted therapy. CN is associated with a significant risk of perioperative mortality (0–13%) and major complications (3–36%). Metastatic burden, haematological parameters, performance status, sarcopenia, and genetic mutations have been proposed as CN eligibility criteria. Comprehensive models including local and systemic factors are recommended. The Immediate Surgery or Surgery after sunitinib Malate In Treating Patients with Kidney Cancer (SURTIME) trial reported similar progression-free rate after immediate or deferred CN, and suggests that presurgical systemic therapy can identify candidates for CN, avoiding unnecessary surgery in nonresponders without increasing the risk of perioperative complications. Minimally invasive and nephron-sparing CNs are established surgical strategies in selected patients. Conclusions No benefit of upfront CN is observed for intermediate- and poor-risk patients who require systemic therapy in randomised controlled trials, and systemic therapy deserves priority over CN in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. These findings are not applicable to all patients with metastatic kidney cancer. CN has a role in favourable cases not requiring immediate systemic therapy or in symptomatic patients. Individual patient selection to identify those patients who might profit the most from CN is critical; however, clinical decision making should be based on comprehensive models. Presurgical systemic therapy is a promising option to avoid unnecessary CN, which is associated with major morbidity. Patient summary Consideration for systemic therapy deserves priority over cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. In patients eligible for systemic therapy, CN does not offer a survival benefit. The indications for CN should be evaluated on an individual basis. Risk scores and response to presurgical systemic therapy can be used for subsequent decision making.

Published
2019

19. Applying Cuckoo Search for analysis of LFSR based cryptosystem

Author

Maiya Din, Sunil K. Muttoo, Saibal K. Pal, and Anjali Jain

Subjects
0209 industrial biotechnology, Theoretical computer science, Evolutionary algorithm, Swarm intelligence, Cryptography, 02 engineering and technology, law.invention, Cryptanalysis, 020901 industrial engineering & automation, law, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, LFSR, Cryptosystem, Cuckoo search, lcsh:Science, lcsh:Science (General), Mathematics, Degree (graph theory), business.industry, Process (computing), Cuckoo Search, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, lcsh:Q, business, Algorithm, lcsh:Q1-390
Abstract

Summary Cryptographic techniques are employed for minimizing security hazards to sensitive information. To make the systems more robust, cyphers or crypts being used need to be analysed for which cryptanalysts require ways to automate the process, so that cryptographic systems can be tested more efficiently. Evolutionary algorithms provide one such resort as these are capable of searching global optimal solution very quickly. Cuckoo Search (CS) Algorithm has been used effectively in cryptanalysis of conventional systems like Vigenere and Transposition cyphers. Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR) is a crypto primitive used extensively in design of cryptosystems. In this paper, we analyse LFSR based cryptosystem using Cuckoo Search to find correct initial states of used LFSR. Primitive polynomials of degree 11, 13, 17 and 19 are considered to analyse text crypts of length 200, 300 and 400 characters. Optimal solutions were obtained for the following CS parameters: Levy distribution parameter ( β ) = 1.5 and Alien eggs discovering probability ( p a ) = 0.25.

Published
2016

20. Development of low cost and eco-friendly feed for various candidate species for the sustainability of commercial aquaculture and reduction of aquatic pollution

Author

Kartik Baruah, Parisa Norouzitallab, and Asim K. Pal

Subjects
Nutraceutical, Fish meal, Nutrient, Aquaculture, business.industry, Agriculture, Sustainability, Phytase, Biology, business, Biotechnology, Bioavailability
Abstract

The total production of fishmeal from wild-catch sources is gradually declining. Suitable alternatives therefore have to be found for sustainable aquaculture. Plant-based aquafeed seems to be an ideal approach to this, however it has its own drawbacks. Plant ingredients are rich in antinutritional factors like phytic acid, which reduces the bioavailability of nutrients like minerals, fatty acids, and protein to fish, thereby affecting their growth. Low bioavailability of nutrients resulted in aquaculture pollution. Application of nutraceutical phytase can markedly reduce aquaculture pollution by improving the bioavailability of nutrients. It also contributed to lowering the feed cost as evident from terrestrial animal agriculture. In this chapter, the authors summarize the effects of phytase on nutrient utilization and growth of various commercially important fishes, and eventually discuss the potential role of this nutraceutical in the development of an eco-friendly and low-cost aquafeed for sustainable aquaculture.

Published
2017
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21. Numerical modeling methodologies for friction stir welding process

Author

Surjya K. Pal, Shiv Brat Singh, and Rahul Jain

Subjects
0209 industrial biotechnology, Engineering, business.industry, 020209 energy, Computation, Process (computing), Mechanical engineering, Eulerian path, 02 engineering and technology, Welding, Edge (geometry), Finite element method, law.invention, symbols.namesake, 020901 industrial engineering & automation, law, Heat generation, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, symbols, Friction stir welding, business
Abstract

Friction stir welding (FSW) is a solid-state joining process and is performed in three stages, viz., plunging, dwelling, and welding. In the plunging stage, a nonconsumable rotating tool plunges onto the workpiece surface to generate heat. Further, during dwelling the tool rotates in its position to further increase the heat generation. Finally, the rotating tool traverses along the abutting edge to perform welding. Numerical modeling has become an efficient tool for the analysis of any manufacturing process. Three different modeling techniques, viz., Lagrangian, Eulerian, and Coupled Eulerian and Lagrangian (CEL) analyses have been discussed to simulate FSW. Each method is distinct in its own way and is capable of simulating FSW. Comparison of these methods in terms of implementation and methodology has been discussed to provide insight into their capabilities. Lagrangian method is implemented by using DEFORM-3D coupled with a remeshing technique to tackle mesh distortion. ANSYS Fluent is used to implement Eulerian method, and this method is the least time consuming among the three. CEL exploits the advantages of Lagrangian and Eulerian technique and is implemented through ABAQUS/Explicit. This method requires higher computation time but can predict volumetric defects.

Published
2017
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22. Finite element modeling of hot rolling

Author

Shiv Brat Singh, Surjya K. Pal, and Matruprasad Rout

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Materials science, Effective strain, business.industry, Effective stress, Process (computing), Mechanical engineering, Eulerian path, Structural engineering, 030226 pharmacology & pharmacy, Finite element method, 03 medical and health sciences, symbols.namesake, 030104 developmental biology, 0302 clinical medicine, symbols, Thermomechanical analysis, Torque, State (computer science), business
Abstract

This chapter deals with the thermomechanical analysis of the deformable workpiece, undergoing a hot rolling process, through finite element modeling (FEM). It begins with a brief introduction to the hot rolling, basics of FEM, and also the research works carried out on the hot rolling process in last few decades, by using FEM. The contact between the roll and the workpiece is discussed in details. At the end, the thermomechanical behavior of the workpiece was analyzed through steady- and unsteady-state methods. The arbitrary Lagrangian and Eulerian (ALE) approach and the updated Lagrangian approach have been considered to analyze the rolling process as a steady-state and an unsteady-state process, respectively. Computational time taken and memory occupied by both the methods are reported. The results of both the approaches, in terms of temperature, effective stress, effective strain, rolling load, and rolling torque are presented at the end of this chapter.

Published
2017
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23. List of contributors

Author

J. Abraham, S. Agnelli, N.M. Ahmed, J. Bahadur, V. Cipolletti, D. Dasgupta, B. Du, M. Dubey, S.H. El-Sabbagh, M. Galimberti, Y. Ikeda, K. Kanny, A. Kato, S. Kohjiya, J. Liu, A. Malas, T.P. Mohan, R.C.R. Nunes, K. Pal, V. Panwar, T. Phakkeeree, P. Phinyocheep, K. Sahakaro, A. Sarkar, A. Saxena, M.M. Selim, K.S. Sisanth, B.G. Soares, K. Song, M. Srividhya, M.G. Thomas, S. Thomas, A. Tohsan, G.M. Turky, D. Wrobel, and L. Zhang

Published
2017
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24. Higher acclimation temperature modulates the composition of muscle fatty acid of Tor putitora juveniles

Author

Narottam Prasad Sahu, P. C. Mahanta, Asim K. Pal, M. S. Akhtar, and A. Ciji

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, Tor putitora, Geography, Planning and Development, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, lcsh:QC851-999, Acclimatization, Mahseer, chemistry.chemical_compound, Animal science, Botany, Acclimation temperature, chemistry.chemical_classification, Gas chromatography, biology, Fatty acid, biology.organism_classification, Polyunsaturated fatty acid, chemistry, Composition (visual arts), lcsh:Meteorology. Climatology, Fatty acid composition, Stearic acid
Abstract

A 30-day acclimation trial was conducted using golden mahseer, Tor putitora juveniles to study its muscle fatty acid composition at five acclimation temperatures (AT). Ninety juveniles of T. putitora were distributed among five treatment groups (20, 23, 26, 29 and 32±0.5 °C). At the end of 30 days trial, highest percentage of monounsaturated fatty acids was found at 20 °C and lowest at 26 °C. The highest percentage of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) was found at 23 °C and a decreasing trend was observed with increase in AT. However, highest percentage of n-3 PUFA was found at 32 °C and lowest at 29 °C. The maximum n-6 to n-3 ratio was observed at 23 °C and ratio decreased to a minimum at 32 °C. The results revealed that T. putitora juveniles could adapt to higher acclimation temperatures by altering its muscle fatty acid composition mainly by increasing its total saturated fatty acids especially stearic acid.

Published
2014

25. Contributors

Author

Gary M. Abrams, Gregory W. Albers, James J.P. Alix, Michael J. Aminoff, Adil E. Bharucha, Amit Batla, Carolyn M. Benson, John P. Betjemann, Jared R. Brosch, Michael Camilleri, Robert Chen, Chadwick W. Christine, G.A.B. Davies-Jones, Lisa M. DeAngelis, Mariel B. Deutsch, Priya S. Dhawan, William P. Dillon, Vanja C. Douglas, Christopher F. Dowd, Adré J. du Plessis, Eric R. Eggenberger, Joseph M. Furman, Douglas J. Gelb, Paul George, David J. Gladstone, Simon M. Glynn, Douglas S. Goodin, Brent P. Goodman, John E. Greenlee, John J. Halperin, Shelby Harris, J. Claude Hemphill, John R. Hotson, Orest Hurko, Cheryl A. Jay, Jasmin Jo, S. Claiborne Johnston, S. Andrew Josephson, Anthony S. Kim, Charles H. King, Justin A. Kinsella, Nerissa U. KO, Allan Krumholz, Jeffrey S. Kutcher, John M. Leonard, Catherine Limperopoulos, Edward M. Manno, Frank L. Mastaglia, Andrew A. McCall, Robert O. Messing, Renee Monderer, John A. Morren, Kevin D.J. O’Connor, Pramod K. Pal, Jalesh N. Panicker, Jack M. Parent, Roy A. Patchell, Michael J. Peluso, John R. Perfect, Ronald F. Pfeiffer, Ann Noelle Poncelet, Jerome B. Posner, John H. Pula, Alejandro A. Rabinstein, Jeffrey W. Ralph, Victor I. Reus, Jack E. Riggs, Karen L. Roos, Andrew P. Rose-Innes, Richard Rosenbaum, Thomas D. Sabin, Robert A. Salata, Edsel Maurice T. Salvana, David Schiff, Hyman M. Schipper, Pamela J. Shaw, Serena Spudich, Barney J. Stern, Jon D. Sussman, Thomas R. Swift, Michael Thorpy, Cory Toth, Alex C. Tselis, David B. Vodušek, Karin Weissenborn, Linda S. Williams, Marc D. Winkelman, G. Bryan Young, and Douglas W. Zochodne

Published
2014
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28. Fuzzy Set Theoretic Tools for Image Analysis

Author

Sankar K. Pal

Subjects
Computer science, Machine vision, media_common.quotation_subject, Fuzzy set, Context (language use), Ambiguity, computer.software_genre, Knowledge acquisition, Pattern recognition (psychology), Feature (machine learning), Data mining, Rough set, computer, media_common
Abstract

Publisher Summary This chapter describes various fuzzy set theoretic tools and explores their effectiveness in representing/describing various uncertainties that might arise in an image-recognition system and the ways these can be managed in making a decision. In the chapter, some examples of uncertainties that arise often in the process of recognizing a pattern are discussed, and it describes various fuzzy set theoretic tools for measuring information on grayness ambiguity and spatial ambiguity in an image. The concepts of bound functions and spectral fuzzy sets for handling uncertainties in membership functions are also discussed in the chapter. Their applications to low-level vision operations whose outputs are crucial and responsible for the overall performance of a vision system are presented in the chapter for demonstrating the effectiveness of these tools in managing uncertainties by providing both soft and hard decisions. Their usefulness in providing the quantitative indices for autonomous operations is also explained in the chapter. The chapter also describes the issues of feature/primitive extraction, knowledge acquisition and syntactic classification, and the features of Dempster-Shafer theory and rough set theory in this context. An application of the multivalued recognition system for detecting curved structures from remotely sensed image is also described in the chapter.

Published
1994
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29. Measurement of the polarizations of prompt and non-prompt Image 1 and ψ(2S) mesons produced in pp collisions at s=13TeV

Author

A. Hayrapetyan, A. Tumasyan, W. Adam, J.W. Andrejkovic, T. Bergauer, S. Chatterjee, K. Damanakis, M. Dragicevic, P.S. Hussain, M. Jeitler, N. Krammer, A. Li, D. Liko, I. Mikulec, J. Schieck, R. Schöfbeck, D. Schwarz, M. Sonawane, S. Templ, W. Waltenberger, C.-E. Wulz, M.R. Darwish, T. Janssen, T. Van Laer, P. Van Mechelen, N. Breugelmans, J. D'Hondt, S. Dansana, A. De Moor, M. Delcourt, F. Heyen, S. Lowette, I. Makarenko, D. Müller, S. Tavernier, M. Tytgat, G.P. Van Onsem, S. Van Putte, D. Vannerom, B. Bilin, B. Clerbaux, A.K. Das, G. De Lentdecker, H. Evard, L. Favart, P. Gianneios, J. Jaramillo, A. Khalilzadeh, F.A. Khan, K. Lee, M. Mahdavikhorrami, A. Malara, S. Paredes, M.A. Shahzad, L. Thomas, M. Vanden Bemden, C. Vander Velde, P. Vanlaer, M. De Coen, D. Dobur, G. Gokbulut, Y. Hong, J. Knolle, L. Lambrecht, D. Marckx, K. Mota Amarilo, A. Samalan, K. Skovpen, N. Van Den Bossche, J. van der Linden, L. Wezenbeek, A. Benecke, A. Bethani, G. Bruno, C. Caputo, J. De Favereau De Jeneret, C. Delaere, I.S. Donertas, A. Giammanco, A.O. Guzel, Sa. Jain, V. Lemaitre, J. Lidrych, P. Mastrapasqua, T.T. Tran, S. Wertz, G.A. Alves, M. Alves Gallo Pereira, E. Coelho, G. Correia Silva, C. Hensel, T. Menezes De Oliveira, C. Mora Herrera, A. Moraes, P. Rebello Teles, M. Soeiro, A. Vilela Pereira, W.L. Aldá Júnior, M. Barroso Ferreira Filho, H. Brandao Malbouisson, W. Carvalho, J. Chinellato, E.M. Da Costa, G.G. Da Silveira, D. De Jesus Damiao, S. Fonseca De Souza, R. Gomes De Souza, M. Macedo, J. Martins, L. Mundim, H. Nogima, J.P. Pinheiro, A. Santoro, A. Sznajder, M. Thiel, C.A. Bernardes, L. Calligaris, T.R. Fernandez Perez Tomei, E.M. Gregores, B. Lopes Da Costa, I. Maietto Silverio, P.G. Mercadante, S.F. Novaes, B. Orzari, Sandra S. Padula, A. Aleksandrov, G. Antchev, R. Hadjiiska, P. Iaydjiev, M. Misheva, M. Shopova, G. Sultanov, A. Dimitrov, L. Litov, B. Pavlov, P. Petkov, A. Petrov, E. Shumka, S. Keshri, S. Thakur, T. Cheng, T. Javaid, L. Yuan, Z. Hu, Z. Liang, J. Liu, K. Yi, G.M. Chen, H.S. Chen, M. Chen, F. Iemmi, C.H. Jiang, A. Kapoor, H. Liao, Z.-A. Liu, R. Sharma, J.N. Song, J. Tao, C. Wang, J. Wang, Z. Wang, H. Zhang, J. Zhao, A. Agapitos, Y. Ban, S. Deng, B. Guo, C. Jiang, A. Levin, C. Li, Q. Li, Y. Mao, S. Qian, S.J. Qian, X. Qin, X. Sun, D. Wang, H. Yang, L. Zhang, Y. Zhao, C. Zhou, S. Yang, Z. You, K. Jaffel, N. Lu, G. Bauer, B. Li, J. Zhang, X. Gao, Z. Lin, C. Lu, M. Xiao, C. Avila, D.A. Barbosa Trujillo, A. Cabrera, C. Florez, J. Fraga, J.A. Reyes Vega, F. Ramirez, C. Rendón, M. Rodriguez, A.A. Ruales Barbosa, J.D. Ruiz Alvarez, D. Giljanovic, N. Godinovic, D. Lelas, A. Sculac, M. Kovac, A. Petkovic, T. Sculac, P. Bargassa, V. Brigljevic, B.K. Chitroda, D. Ferencek, K. Jakovcic, S. Mishra, A. Starodumov, T. Susa, A. Attikis, K. Christoforou, A. Hadjiagapiou, C. Leonidou, J. Mousa, C. Nicolaou, L. Paizanos, F. Ptochos, P.A. Razis, H. Rykaczewski, H. Saka, A. Stepennov, M. Finger, M. Finger, Jr., A. Kveton, E. Carrera Jarrin, Y. Assran, B. El-mahdy, S. Elgammal, M.A. Mahmoud, Y. Mohammed, K. Ehataht, M. Kadastik, T. Lange, S. Nandan, C. Nielsen, J. Pata, M. Raidal, L. Tani, C. Veelken, H. Kirschenmann, K. Osterberg, M. Voutilainen, S. Bharthuar, N. Bin Norjoharuddeen, E. Brücken, F. Garcia, P. Inkaew, K.T.S. Kallonen, T. Lampén, K. Lassila-Perini, S. Lehti, T. Lindén, L. Martikainen, M. Myllymäki, M.m. Rantanen, H. Siikonen, J. Tuominiemi, P. Luukka, H. Petrow, M. Besancon, F. Couderc, M. Dejardin, D. Denegri, J.L. Faure, F. Ferri, S. Ganjour, P. Gras, G. Hamel de Monchenault, M. Kumar, V. Lohezic, J. Malcles, F. Orlandi, L. Portales, A. Rosowsky, M.Ö. Sahin, A. Savoy-Navarro, P. Simkina, M. Titov, M. Tornago, F. Beaudette, G. Boldrini, P. Busson, A. Cappati, C. Charlot, M. Chiusi, F. Damas, O. Davignon, A. De Wit, I.T. Ehle, B.A. Fontana Santos Alves, S. Ghosh, A. Gilbert, R. Granier de Cassagnac, A. Hakimi, B. Harikrishnan, L. Kalipoliti, G. Liu, M. Nguyen, C. Ochando, R. Salerno, J.B. Sauvan, Y. Sirois, L. Urda Gómez, E. Vernazza, A. Zabi, A. Zghiche, J.-L. Agram, J. Andrea, D. Apparu, D. Bloch, J.-M. Brom, E.C. Chabert, C. Collard, S. Falke, U. Goerlach, R. Haeberle, A.-C. Le Bihan, M. Meena, O. Poncet, G. Saha, M.A. Sessini, P. Van Hove, P. Vaucelle, A. Di Florio, D. Amram, S. Beauceron, B. Blancon, G. Boudoul, N. Chanon, D. Contardo, P. Depasse, C. Dozen, H. El Mamouni, J. Fay, S. Gascon, M. Gouzevitch, C. Greenberg, G. Grenier, B. Ille, E. Jourd‘huy, I.B. Laktineh, M. Lethuillier, L. Mirabito, S. Perries, A. Purohit, M. Vander Donckt, P. Verdier, J. Xiao, A. Khvedelidze, I. Lomidze, Z. Tsamalaidze, V. Botta, S. Consuegra Rodríguez, L. Feld, K. Klein, M. Lipinski, D. Meuser, A. Pauls, D. Pérez Adán, N. Röwert, M. Teroerde, S. Diekmann, A. Dodonova, N. Eich, D. Eliseev, F. Engelke, J. Erdmann, M. Erdmann, P. Fackeldey, B. Fischer, T. Hebbeker, K. Hoepfner, F. Ivone, A. Jung, M.y. Lee, F. Mausolf, M. Merschmeyer, A. Meyer, S. Mukherjee, D. Noll, F. Nowotny, A. Pozdnyakov, Y. Rath, W. Redjeb, F. Rehm, H. Reithler, V. Sarkisovi, A. Schmidt, A. Sharma, J.L. Spah, A. Stein, F. Torres Da Silva De Araujo, S. Wiedenbeck, S. Zaleski, C. Dziwok, G. Flügge, T. Kress, A. Nowack, O. Pooth, A. Stahl, T. Ziemons, A. Zotz, H. Aarup Petersen, M. Aldaya Martin, J. Alimena, S. Amoroso, Y. An, J. Bach, S. Baxter, M. Bayatmakou, H. Becerril Gonzalez, O. Behnke, A. Belvedere, S. Bhattacharya, F. Blekman, K. Borras, A. Campbell, A. Cardini, C. Cheng, F. Colombina, M. De Silva, G. Eckerlin, D. Eckstein, L.I. Estevez Banos, O. Filatov, E. Gallo, A. Geiser, V. Guglielmi, M. Guthoff, A. Hinzmann, L. Jeppe, B. Kaech, M. Kasemann, C. Kleinwort, R. Kogler, M. Komm, D. Krücker, W. Lange, D. Leyva Pernia, K. Lipka, W. Lohmann, F. Lorkowski, R. Mankel, I.-A. Melzer-Pellmann, M. Mendizabal Morentin, A.B. Meyer, G. Milella, K. Moral Figueroa, A. Mussgiller, L.P. Nair, J. Niedziela, A. Nürnberg, Y. Otarid, J. Park, E. Ranken, A. Raspereza, D. Rastorguev, J. Rübenach, L. Rygaard, A. Saggio, M. Scham, S. Schnake, P. Schütze, C. Schwanenberger, D. Selivanova, K. Sharko, M. Shchedrolosiev, D. Stafford, F. Vazzoler, A. Ventura Barroso, R. Walsh, Q. Wang, Y. Wen, K. Wichmann, L. Wiens, C. Wissing, Y. Yang, A. Zimermmane Castro Santos, A. Albrecht, S. Albrecht, M. Antonello, S. Bein, L. Benato, S. Bollweg, M. Bonanomi, P. Connor, K. El Morabit, Y. Fischer, E. Garutti, A. Grohsjean, J. Haller, H.R. Jabusch, G. Kasieczka, P. Keicher, R. Klanner, W. Korcari, T. Kramer, C.c. Kuo, V. Kutzner, F. Labe, J. Lange, A. Lobanov, C. Matthies, L. Moureaux, M. Mrowietz, A. Nigamova, Y. Nissan, A. Paasch, K.J. Pena Rodriguez, T. Quadfasel, B. Raciti, M. Rieger, D. Savoiu, J. Schindler, P. Schleper, M. Schröder, J. Schwandt, M. Sommerhalder, H. Stadie, G. Steinbrück, A. Tews, M. Wolf, S. Brommer, M. Burkart, E. Butz, T. Chwalek, A. Dierlamm, A. Droll, N. Faltermann, M. Giffels, A. Gottmann, F. Hartmann, R. Hofsaess, M. Horzela, U. Husemann, J. Kieseler, M. Klute, R. Koppenhöfer, J.M. Lawhorn, M. Link, A. Lintuluoto, B. Maier, S. Maier, S. Mitra, M. Mormile, Th. Müller, M. Neukum, M. Oh, E. Pfeffer, M. Presilla, G. Quast, K. Rabbertz, B. Regnery, N. Shadskiy, I. Shvetsov, H.J. Simonis, L. Sowa, L. Stockmeier, K. Tauqeer, M. Toms, N. Trevisani, R.F. Von Cube, M. Wassmer, S. Wieland, F. Wittig, R. Wolf, X. Zuo, G. Anagnostou, G. Daskalakis, A. Kyriakis, A. Papadopoulos, A. Stakia, P. Kontaxakis, G. Melachroinos, Z. Painesis, I. Papavergou, I. Paraskevas, N. Saoulidou, K. Theofilatos, E. Tziaferi, K. Vellidis, I. Zisopoulos, G. Bakas, T. Chatzistavrou, G. Karapostoli, K. Kousouris, I. Papakrivopoulos, E. Siamarkou, G. Tsipolitis, A. Zacharopoulou, K. Adamidis, I. Bestintzanos, I. Evangelou, C. Foudas, C. Kamtsikis, P. Katsoulis, P. Kokkas, P.G. Kosmoglou Kioseoglou, N. Manthos, I. Papadopoulos, J. Strologas, C. Hajdu, D. Horvath, K. Márton, A.J. Rádl, F. Sikler, V. Veszpremi, M. Csanád, K. Farkas, A. Fehérkuti, M.M.A. Gadallah, Á. Kadlecsik, P. Major, G. Pásztor, G.I. Veres, B. Ujvari, G. Zilizi, G. Bencze, S. Czellar, J. Molnar, Z. Szillasi, F. Nemes, T. Novak, J. Babbar, S. Bansal, S.B. Beri, V. Bhatnagar, G. Chaudhary, S. Chauhan, N. Dhingra, A. Kaur, H. Kaur, M. Kaur, S. Kumar, K. Sandeep, T. Sheokand, J.B. Singh, A. Singla, A. Ahmed, A. Bhardwaj, A. Chhetri, B.C. Choudhary, A. Kumar, M. Naimuddin, K. Ranjan, M.K. Saini, S. Saumya, S. Baradia, S. Barman, S. Das Gupta, S. Dutta, S. Sarkar, M.M. Ameen, P.K. Behera, S.C. Behera, G. Dash, P. Jana, P. Kalbhor, S. Kamble, J.R. Komaragiri, D. Kumar, P.R. Pujahari, N.R. Saha, A.K. Sikdar, R.K. Singh, P. Verma, S. Verma, A. Vijay, S. Dugad, G.B. Mohanty, B. Parida, M. Shelake, P. Suryadevara, A. Bala, S. Banerjee, R.M. Chatterjee, M. Guchait, Sh. Jain, A. Jaiswal, G. Majumder, K. Mazumdar, S. Parolia, A. Thachayath, S. Bahinipati, C. Kar, D. Maity, P. Mal, T. Mishra, V.K. Muraleedharan Nair Bindhu, K. Naskar, A. Nayak, S. Nayak, K. Pal, P. Sadangi, S.K. Swain, S. Varghese, D. 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Hofman, J.h. Lee, D.S. Lemos, A.H. Merrit, C. Mills, S. Nanda, G. Oh, B. Ozek, D. Pilipovic, R. Pradhan, E. Prifti, T. Roy, S. Rudrabhatla, M.B. Tonjes, N. Varelas, M.A. Wadud, Z. Ye, M. Alhusseini, D. Blend, K. Dilsiz, L. Emediato, G. Karaman, O.K. Köseyan, J.-P. Merlo, A. Mestvirishvili, O. Neogi, H. Ogul, Y. Onel, A. Penzo, C. Snyder, E. Tiras, B. Blumenfeld, L. Corcodilos, J. Davis, A.V. Gritsan, L. Kang, S. Kyriacou, P. Maksimovic, M. Roguljic, J. Roskes, S. Sekhar, M. Swartz, A. Abreu, L.F. Alcerro Alcerro, J. Anguiano, S. Arteaga Escatel, P. Baringer, A. Bean, Z. Flowers, D. Grove, J. King, G. Krintiras, M. Lazarovits, C. Le Mahieu, J. Marquez, M. Murray, M. Nickel, M. Pitt, S. Popescu, C. Rogan, C. Royon, R. Salvatico, S. Sanders, C. Smith, G. Wilson, B. Allmond, R. Gujju Gurunadha, A. Ivanov, K. Kaadze, Y. Maravin, J. Natoli, D. Roy, G. Sorrentino, A. Baden, A. Belloni, J. Bistany-riebman, Y.M. Chen, S.C. Eno, N.J. Hadley, S. Jabeen, R.G. Kellogg, T. Koeth, B. Kronheim, Y. Lai, S. Lascio, A.C. Mignerey, S. Nabili, C. Palmer, C. Papageorgakis, M.M. Paranjpe, L. Wang, J. Bendavid, I.A. Cali, P.c. Chou, M. D'Alfonso, J. Eysermans, C. Freer, G. Gomez-Ceballos, M. Goncharov, G. Grosso, P. Harris, D. Hoang, D. Kovalskyi, J. Krupa, L. Lavezzo, Y.-J. Lee, K. Long, C. Mcginn, A. Novak, C. Paus, C. Roland, G. Roland, S. Rothman, G.S.F. Stephans, B. Wyslouch, T.J. Yang, B. Crossman, B.M. Joshi, C. Kapsiak, M. Krohn, D. Mahon, J. Mans, B. Marzocchi, R. Rusack, R. Saradhy, N. Strobbe, K. Bloom, D.R. Claes, G. Haza, J. Hossain, C. Joo, I. Kravchenko, J.E. Siado, W. Tabb, A. Vagnerini, A. Wightman, F. Yan, D. Yu, H. Bandyopadhyay, L. Hay, H.w. Hsia, I. Iashvili, A. Kalogeropoulos, A. Kharchilava, M. Morris, D. Nguyen, S. Rappoccio, H. Rejeb Sfar, A. Williams, P. Young, G. Alverson, E. Barberis, J. Bonilla, J. Dervan, Y. Haddad, Y. Han, A. Krishna, J. Li, M. Lu, G. Madigan, R. Mccarthy, D.M. Morse, V. Nguyen, T. Orimoto, A. Parker, L. Skinnari, D. Wood, J. Bueghly, S. Dittmer, K.A. Hahn, Y. Liu, Y. Miao, D.G. Monk, M.H. Schmitt, A. Taliercio, M. Velasco, G. Agarwal, R. Band, R. Bucci, S. Castells, A. Das, R. Goldouzian, M. Hildreth, K.W. Ho, K. Hurtado Anampa, T. Ivanov, C. Jessop, K. Lannon, J. Lawrence, N. Loukas, L. Lutton, J. Mariano, N. Marinelli, I. Mcalister, T. McCauley, C. Mcgrady, C. Moore, Y. Musienko, H. Nelson, M. Osherson, A. Piccinelli, R. Ruchti, A. Townsend, Y. Wan, M. Wayne, H. Yockey, M. Zarucki, L. Zygala, A. Basnet, B. Bylsma, M. Carrigan, L.S. Durkin, C. Hill, M. Joyce, M. Nunez Ornelas, K. Wei, B.L. Winer, B.R. Yates, H. Bouchamaoui, P. Das, G. Dezoort, P. Elmer, A. Frankenthal, B. Greenberg, N. Haubrich, K. Kennedy, G. Kopp, S. Kwan, D. Lange, A. Loeliger, D. Marlow, I. Ojalvo, J. Olsen, A. Shevelev, D. Stickland, C. Tully, S. Malik, A.S. Bakshi, S. Chandra, R. Chawla, A. Gu, L. Gutay, M. Jones, A.W. Jung, A.M. Koshy, M. Liu, G. Negro, N. Neumeister, G. Paspalaki, S. Piperov, V. Scheurer, J.F. Schulte, M. Stojanovic, J. Thieman, A.K. Virdi, F. Wang, W. Xie, J. Dolen, N. Parashar, A. Pathak, D. Acosta, T. Carnahan, K.M. Ecklund, P.J. Fernández Manteca, S. Freed, P. Gardner, F.J.M. Geurts, W. Li, J. Lin, O. Miguel Colin, B.P. Padley, R. Redjimi, J. Rotter, E. Yigitbasi, Y. Zhang, A. Bodek, P. de Barbaro, R. Demina, J.L. Dulemba, A. Garcia-Bellido, O. Hindrichs, A. Khukhunaishvili, N. Parmar, P. Parygin, E. Popova, R. Taus, B. Chiarito, J.P. Chou, S.V. Clark, D. Gadkari, Y. Gershtein, E. Halkiadakis, M. Heindl, C. Houghton, D. Jaroslawski, S. Konstantinou, I. Laflotte, A. Lath, R. Montalvo, K. Nash, J. Reichert, H. Routray, P. Saha, S. Salur, S. Schnetzer, S. Somalwar, R. Stone, S.A. Thayil, S. Thomas, J. Vora, H. Wang, D. Ally, A.G. Delannoy, S. Fiorendi, S. Higginbotham, T. Holmes, A.R. Kanuganti, N. Karunarathna, L. Lee, E. Nibigira, S. Spanier, D. Aebi, M. Ahmad, T. Akhter, O. Bouhali, R. Eusebi, J. Gilmore, T. Huang, T. Kamon, S. Luo, R. Mueller, D. Overton, D. Rathjens, A. Safonov, N. Akchurin, J. Damgov, N. Gogate, V. Hegde, A. Hussain, Y. Kazhykarim, K. Lamichhane, A. Mankel, T. Peltola, I. Volobouev, E. Appelt, Y. Chen, S. Greene, A. Gurrola, W. Johns, R. Kunnawalkam Elayavalli, A. Melo, F. Romeo, P. Sheldon, S. Tuo, J. Velkovska, J. Viinikainen, B. Cardwell, B. Cox, J. Hakala, R. Hirosky, A. Ledovskoy, C. Neu, P.E. Karchin, A. Aravind, K. Black, T. Bose, S. Dasu, I. De Bruyn, P. Everaerts, C. Galloni, H. He, M. Herndon, A. Herve, C.K. Koraka, A. Lanaro, R. Loveless, J. Madhusudanan Sreekala, A. Mallampalli, A. Mohammadi, G. Parida, L. Pétré, D. Pinna, A. Savin, V. Shang, W.H. Smith, D. Teague, H.F. Tsoi, W. Vetens, A. Warden, S. Afanasiev, V. Alexakhin, V. Andreev, Yu. Andreev, T. Aushev, M. Azarkin, A. Babaev, V. Blinov, E. Boos, V. Borshch, D. Budkouski, V. Bunichev, V. Chekhovsky, R. Chistov, M. Danilov, A. Dermenev, T. Dimova, D. Druzhkin, M. Dubinin, L. Dudko, A. Ershov, G. Gavrilov, V. Gavrilov, S. Gninenko, V. Golovtcov, N. Golubev, I. Golutvin, I. Gorbunov, A. Gribushin, Y. Ivanov, V. Kachanov, V. Karjavine, A. Karneyeu, V. Kim, M. Kirakosyan, D. Kirpichnikov, M. Kirsanov, V. Klyukhin, O. Kodolova, D. Konstantinov, V. Korenkov, A. Kozyrev, N. Krasnikov, A. Lanev, P. Levchenko, N. Lychkovskaya, V. Makarenko, A. Malakhov, V. Matveev, V. Murzin, A. Nikitenko, S. Obraztsov, V. Oreshkin, V. Palichik, V. Perelygin, S. Petrushanko, S. Polikarpov, V. Popov, O. Radchenko, M. Savina, V. Savrin, V. Shalaev, S. Shmatov, S. Shulha, Y. Skovpen, S. Slabospitskii, V. Smirnov, A. Snigirev, D. Sosnov, V. Sulimov, A. Terkulov, O. Teryaev, I. Tlisova, A. Toropin, L. Uvarov, A. Uzunian, A. Vorobyev, N. Voytishin, B.S. Yuldashev, A. Zarubin, I. Zhizhin, and A. Zhokin

Subjects
CMS, Quarkonium production, Quarkonium polarization, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

The polarizations of prompt and non-prompt Image 2 and ψ(2S) mesons are measured in proton-proton collisions at s=13 TeV, using data samples collected by the CMS experiment in 2017 and 2018, corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 103.3fb−1. Based on the analysis of the dimuon decay angular distributions in the helicity frame, the polar anisotropy, λϑ, is measured as a function of the transverse momentum, pT, of the charmonium states, in the 25–120 and 20–100 GeV ranges for the Image 2 and ψ(2S), respectively. The non-prompt polarizations agree with predictions based on the hypothesis that, for pT≳25GeV, the non-prompt Image 2 and ψ(2S) are predominantly produced in two-body B meson decays. The prompt results clearly exclude strong transverse polarizations, even for pT exceeding 30 times the Image 2 mass, where λϑ tends to an asymptotic value around 0.3. Taken together with previous measurements, by CMS and LHCb at s=7 TeV, the prompt polarizations show a significant variation with pT, at low pT.

Published
2024
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30. FABRICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ITO/InP AND CdS/InP SOLAR CELLS

Author

Subhadra Chaudhuri, R.L. Basak, and Arun K. Pal

Subjects
Fabrication, Materials science, business.industry, Sputtering, Open-circuit voltage, Optoelectronics, Heterojunction, Nanotechnology, business, Short circuit, Evaporation (deposition), Sheet resistance, Indium tin oxide
Abstract

ITO/InP and CdS/InP solar cells were fabricated on single crystal p-type InP chips of area 1-1.5 cm2. For the fabrication of ITO/InP heterojunction indium tin oxide (ITO) film of thickness ˜ 1000 A, sheet resistance 10–50 ohm/▪ and transmittance 85–90% was deposited onto the cleaned InP chips by reactive d.c. sputtering (5 kV at 50 mA) of an In-Sn Alloy (5 wt% Sn) target. The open circuit voltage (Voc) was in the range 0.6–0.7 volt and the short circuit current (Isc) was found to be very much dependent on the doping density of the InP chips. For the fabrication of CdS/InP solar cells, CdS films were deposited on p-InP chips by hot wall evaporation technique. Electrical optical and structural properties of the above CdS films were studied in order to obtain large grain. Polycrystalline films with columnar growth suitable for device applications. I-V, C-V and spectral response measurements of CdS/InP solar cells indicated efficiency in the range of 11–14%. The open circuit voltage and the short circuit current were observed to be ˜0.6 volt and 22–26 mA/cm2 respectively.

Published
1988
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31. [23] Adenosine derivatives for dehydrogenases and kinases

Author

Pranab K. Pal, James L. Wyatt, and Roberta F. Colman

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Affinity labeling, biology, Stereochemistry, Kinase, Adenosine, Cofactor, Adenosine diphosphate, chemistry.chemical_compound, Enzyme, chemistry, Biochemistry, Adenine nucleotide, biology.protein, medicine, Adenosine triphosphate, medicine.drug
Abstract

Publisher Summary Among the coenzymes and regulatory compounds involved in biochemical reactions, adenine nucleotides are present in a large proportion of cases. Adenosine triphosphate and the corresponding diphosphate are required for many kinase reactions, in which a phosphoryl group is transferred to a variety of substrates; and adenosine is part of the coenzymes, DPN and TPN, that participate in most dehydrogenase reactions. In addition, these compounds are important in activating or inhibiting the activity of a number of regulatory enzymes. This chapter also explains preparation of adenosine analogs, and examples of reactions of 3'-FSBA and 5'-FSBA with particular proteins. It concludes that 3'- and 5'-FSBA may be useful in the affinity labeling of receptor proteins as well as of the regulatory and active sites of enzymes. Within the constraints imposed by the limitations of solubility and stability of these compounds, the fluorosulfonylbenzoyladenosines thus may have broad applicability in the labeling of adenine nucleotide sites in proteins.

Published
1977
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32. AKvr-1, A DOMINANT MURINE LEUKEMIA VIRUS RESTRICTION GENE, SEGREGATES IN LEUKEMIA-PRONE WILD MICE

Author

Eric J. Berman, John D. Estes, Stephen J. O'Brien, Bijay K. Pal, Suraiya Rasheed, and Murray B. Gardener

Subjects
biology, viruses, Endogenous retrovirus, Locus (genetics), medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Virology, Virus, Leukemia, Retrovirus, hemic and lymphatic diseases, Murine leukemia virus, medicine, Allele, Gene
Abstract

Leukemia-prone wild mice ( Mus musculus domesticus ) from a squab farm near Lake Casitas (LC) in southern California are polymorphic for a restriction gene, named Akvr-1, that suppresses AKR ecotropic virus. The restriction allele (Akvr-1R) is dominant and exhibits 100% penetrance in prevention of viremia of AKR endogenous retrovirus and of virus-associated lymphoma in (LCRR X AKR) F1 hybrids. Ecotropic and xenotropic AKR virus production is also suppressed in thymus, spleen and bone marrow of older resistant F1 hybrids. The restriction phenotype segregates as a single Mendelian locus in F2 and backcrosses to AKR mice. Akvr-1R likewise is effective in restriction of NB-tropic Moloney and Friend MuLVs in vivo but fails to restrict expression or pathogenesis of LC-derived amphotropic retrovirus. This gene apparently exerts a similar MuLV-suppressive effect in vitro upon various cell types. Akvr-1 does not map near to certain retroviral gene loci including Fv-1, Fv-2 and Akv-1. It may be related to the Fv-4 locus described in Japanese mice.

Published
1980
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33. PARAMETRIC INTERACTION OF ACOUSTIC WAVES IN A THERMOPIEZOSEMICONDUCTING MEDIUM

Author

D. K. Sinha, R. K. Pal, and M.P. Gupta

Subjects
Physics, Electric field, Acoustics, Gain, Acoustic wave equation, Equations of motion, Mechanics, Acoustic wave, Mechanical wave, Piezoelectricity, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

The main purpose of this problem is to look for gain or less of energy of acoustic waves owing to an impressed dc. electric field. The medium is a piezoelectric semiconductor constitutively endowed with thermal properties. The methodology is to write down the constitutive relations of the medium, the equation of motion, the equation of heat and the equations of electricity. The analysis shows conclusively that, contrary to nonthermal case (where both gain or loss of energy of the signal wave may be possible) there is always a gain of energy of the signal wave due to consideration of thermal effects.

Published
1983
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34. Noise analysis of the observatory superconducting gravimeter in the normal mode frequency range using gravity data of Ghuttu, Garhwal Himalaya, India

Author

Sanjay K. Verma, Naresh Kumar, and Sanjit K. Pal

Subjects
Seismic normal modes, Parasitic mode, GWR OSG-051 superconducting gravimeter, MPGO Ghuttu, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract

We present a study on gravity data from the Observatory Superconducting Gravimeter (OSG-051) located at MPGO Ghuttu in the Garhwal Himalaya, India. Ambient noise observed at this site is compared with other worldwide SGs and computed seismic noise magnitude for the OSG-051. Instrumental noise has been observed at frequencies ranging from ∼0.0239 to ∼0.03207 Hz in the form of parasitic mode for the lower and upper sensors of SG, whose quality factor has been estimated in different modes of oscillations. The signal is enhanced at noise reduction below 2.0 mHz using local barometric pressure data and modelled tidal effect of the site. Other seismic noise factors are discussed through data analysis of OSG-051. OSG-051 and trillium 240 Broad Band Seismometer data are analysed and compared in the seismic normal mode frequency band. Several observations have been made regarding noise sources that affect the gravity data in the seismic normal mode’s frequency band. Residual gravity data after removal of atmospheric pressure, tidal, and co-seismic effects, respond very well to long-period seismometers than any conventional seismometer. This characteristic and low noise level of the MPGO Ghuttu site makes it a suitable station for long-period seismometer studies.

Published
2023
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35. Design of magnetic organic molecules and organic magnets: Experiment, theory and computation with application and recent advances

Author

Sambhu N. Datta, Arun K. Pal, and Anirban Panda

Subjects
High-spin, Molecular magnets, Condensed phase, Extended systems, Spintronics, Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

We begin by reviewing the early developments in the synthesis of high-spin organic molecules and the simultaneous rationalization of the ground states of high spin. A number of chemists contributed, most notably Gomberg and Hückel, and theoreticians like Coulson, Rushbrooke, Longuet-Higgins, McConnell, Hoffmann etc. The subject achieved maturity after 1970. Theoretical advances were made. Methods of calculations such as multi-configuration self-consistent-field, coupled cluster, density functional, and broken-symmetry methodologies prospered. These were in turn increasingly used in magnetic studies on organic species. Armed with the concepts, theory, and calculational methodologies, both experimental and theoretical researches involved the design of fascinating magnetic organic molecules, especially since 2000. The effects of varying chemical structures, aromaticity, presence of heteroatoms, effects of hydrogen bonding and tautomerism, stereochemical aspects, and the formation of polymers, extended systems and crystals were all considered. A multitude of applications was found in the form of single molecule magnets, photomagnets and photomagnetic switches, spin cross-over, excitation and redox process assisted magnetic activation, spintronics, and so on. A spectacular growth in applications has been witnessed in the last decade. It has been accompanied by speculative and predictive advances in theory and computational investigation.

Published
2023
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36. Injection moulded composites from high biomass filled biodegradable plastic: Properties and performance evaluation for single-use applications

Author

Kaitlyn P. Root, Akhilesh K. Pal, Ehsan Pesaranhajiabbas, Amar K. Mohanty, and Manjusri Misra

Subjects
Biocomposite, Extrusion, Stress transfer, Surface properties, Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials, TA401-492
Abstract

Biodegradable plastic-based items play an essential role in ensuring the sustainability of the food packaging industry due to their high biodegradability and minimized use of fossil fuels. The incorporation of low-cost waste biomass into bio-based polymers to produce biodegradable composites supports the circular economy model and reduces landfilling and carbon footprint challenges associated with petroleum-based plastics. This work discusses the utilization of waste almond shell powder (ASP) up to 50 wt.% with poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate) (PBSA) to develop sustainable biocomposites through injection moulding for rigid packaging applications. At a lower angular frequency (0.1 s − 1), the complex viscosity of the PBSA/50%ASP biocomposite was reduced by ∼65% after adding 5 wt.% compatibilizer, as confirmed by a rheological analysis. The heat deflection temperature, flexural strength, and tensile and flexural moduli of the PBSA/50% ASP biocomposite with 5 wt.% compatibilizer were improved by ∼24, 125, 368, and 385%, respectively, compared to pristine PBSA. These improvements are attributed to the high stiffness and load-bearing capacity of ASP and the enhanced interfacial adhesion and particle dispersion caused by the compatibilizer, as corroborated by SEM analyses. Hence, the formulated biocomposites show a suitable structure-property-processing co-relationship for injection moulding of single-use products.

Published
2023
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37. A chaos-based probabilistic block cipher for image encryption

Author

Sakshi Dhall, Saibal K. Pal, and Kapil Sharma

Subjects
Probabilistic, Symmetric, Image encryption, Block cipher, Customizable block-size, Chaos, Electronic computers. Computer science, QA75.5-76.95
Abstract

Traditional encryption is based on secrecy provided by secret-key. But this leads to generation of same cipher text when the encryption scheme is applied to same plaintext with same key. Thus, replay of messages can be effortlessly identified by an adversary which can be a weak link in any communication. Probabilistic encryption is an approach to overcome this weakness where different cipher texts are generated each time same plaintext is encrypted using the same key.Extending the probabilistic approach, which is generally employed in asymmetric encryption, this paper proposes a new chaos-based probabilistic symmetric encryption scheme with customizable block-size suitable for image encryption. It employs a Random Bits Insertion phase followed by four rounds of two-staged diffusion involving simple XOR (exclusive-OR) operation making it computationally efficient. Random Bits Insertion makes the scheme probabilistic. This phase also helps in increasing entropy and making intensity distribution more uniform in cipher. The generated cipher text is twice the size of plain text. An increase in cipher text space is inevitable for probabilistic encryption and it provides an advantage as the apparent message space for the attacker is increased. The observations show that the scheme offers high strength to resist statistical and cryptanalytic attacks.

Published
2022
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38. Cytoreductive Nephrectomy in 2021: Obsolete

Author

Luis Meza, Neal S. Chawla, Gianluca Giannarini, and Sumanta K. Pal

Subjects
Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology, RC870-923, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Published
2022
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39. Defining the Mycobiome in Bladder Cancer

Author

Benjamin D. Mercier, Daniela V. Castro, and Sumanta K. Pal

Subjects
Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology, RC870-923, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Published
2023
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40. Advanced papillary renal cell carcinoma: Epidemiology, genomic drivers, current therapies, and ongoing trials

Author

Patrick L. Sweeney, Albert Jang, Shams K. Halat, Sumanta K. Pal, and Pedro C. Barata

Subjects
Papillary renal cell carcinoma, Non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma, Tyrosine kinase inhibitor, Immune checkpoint inhibitor, Sunitinib, Cabozantinib, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

Papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC) is the most common subtype of non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma. PRCC can be subdivided into types 1 and 2 based on histology, each associated with different genetic mutations. The MET gene is commonly altered in type 1 PRCC while multiple alterations are involved in type 2 PRCC. PRCC is an aggressive cancer with a predominance in male and black patients and poor prognosis. Due to its rarity, there was a lack of convincing prospective data to guide treatment; hence, therapies were previously extrapolated from clear cell renal cell carcinoma with mixed results. More recently, some phase 2 trials focused on PRCC have been promising. Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) monotherapy is considered the standard of care, and combination strategies with TKIs and immune checkpoint inhibitors are emerging. Genetic profiling and large-scale clinical trials are needed to inform targeted treatment of PRCC.

Published
2022
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41. Sustainable 3D printed composites from recycled ocean plastics and pyrolyzed soy-hulls: Optimization of printing parameters, performance studies and prototypes development

Author

Benjamin Maldonado-García, Akhilesh K. Pal, Manjusri Misra, Stefano Gregori, and Amar K. Mohanty

Subjects
Recycled plastics, Post-industrial waste biomass, Soy hulls, Biocarbon, 3D printing, Injection molding, Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials, TA401-492
Abstract

This research work focuses on the utilization of waste ocean plastics with waste agro-industrial pyrolyzed biomass to develop complex shaped value-added prototypes through additive manufacturing. Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF)-based three-dimensional (3D) printing of recycled HDPE/PP blends was challenging due to significant warpage-related problems during printing. Reinforcing these blend plastics with fillers played a significant role in the efficient 3D printing of complex-shaped objects. In this research, a blend of these recycled HDPE (70%) (rHDPE) and recycled PP (30%) (rPP) collected from the ocean shores was reinforced with pyrolyzed soy hulls-based biocarbon (20%) to fabricate filaments employed for developing specimens through injection molding as well as FFF-based 3D printing. The design of experiments (DOE) using Taguchi method was performed to determine the optimized 3D printing parameters to obtain the defect-free printed specimens. The results suggested that the injection-molded samples showed better mechanical properties as compared with 3D printed samples. However, an improvement (34%) in Young's modulus of the 3D printed rHDPE/rPP (70/30) blend was observed in comparison with injection-molded counterparts. The 3D printed rHDPE/rPP/20% Biocarbon composite showed an improvement of ∼11 and ∼15% in Young modulus and flex modulus, respectively as compared to rHDPE/rPP. Combining ocean plastics and agro-industrial wastes could generate value-added products that would contribute to the circular economy approach for sustainable product development for different applications such as prototyping and automotive, while helping to protect ocean marine life. Two prototypes, elliptical gears with shaft and spectacle frame, have also been developed by using sustainable recycled HDPE/PP-based composites.

Published
2021
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42. Injection moldable hybrid sustainable composites of BioPBS and PHBV reinforced with talc and starch as potential alternatives to single-use plastic packaging

Author

Arturo Rodriguez-Uribe, Tao Wang, Akhilesh K. Pal, Feng Wu, Amar K. Mohanty, and Manjusri Misra

Subjects
Packaging, Single-use, Biodegradable, Compostable, Biobased, Biocomposites, Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials, TA401-492
Abstract

Single-use packaging is a major contributor to municipal solid waste and cause of plastic pollution worldwide, whereas the adoption of biodegradable alternatives is still hampered by significant challenges such as performance shortfalls and inadequate barrier properties. The present work utilizes compostable polymers, namely biobased poly(butylene succinate) (BioPBS) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), combined with hybrid natural fillers to achieve enhanced processability and barrier performances for substituting conventional plastic packaging. BioPBS reinforced with 20 wt.% talc showed improved barrier properties over the neat BioPBS, with both the oxygen and water vapor permeabilities improving by about 60%. With the blending of 20 wt.% PHBV, an overall further improvement of about 80% in both properties were achieved. The use of 1% maleic anhydride grafted BioPBS and BioPBS/PHBV-blend coupling agents enhanced the interfacial adhesion of the composites resulting in a consistent improvement of the tensile strength at yield and the oxygen barrier. The incorporation of 5% starch, which could potentially boost the biodegradability of the composites, helped in enhancing the toughness of the material at the expense of lowered barrier properties. Overall, the biocomposites demonstrated comparable mechanical properties to some commodity plastics such as polyolefins while having low oxygen and water permeability, showing great promise for applications in sustainable packaging.

Published
2021
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43. Evaluating heavy metals emission’ pattern on road influenced by urban road layout

Author

Sudip K. Pal and Roman Roy

Subjects
Heavy metal, Road deposited sediment, Tree leaf sediment, Spectrophotometry, Statistical analyses, Transportation and communications, HE1-9990
Abstract

Road traffic sector comprises a small percentage of urban land uses while acts as a sink of pollutants among which heavy metals such as, Zn, Cu, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb are often found in elevated concentrations influenced by urban road layout in addition to traffic volumes and are found hazardous due to their persistent and low degradation nature. This study aims to evaluate heavy metals of Zn, Cu, Ni and Pb in road deposited sediment (RDS) and tree leaf sediment (TLS) influenced by typical urban road layout taking a road section in Chittagong city, Bangladesh. The RDS and TLS at different sites were collected using dry sweeping and then were air dried in a controlled environment at the laboratory. The samples were then sieved through 75 µm size. The selected heavy metal concentrations in RDS and TLS were determined using ICE spectrophotometer followed by strong nitric acid digestion. The different statistical analyses, e.g., correlation analysis, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were carried out to explore the source appointment, interdependences, significant differences in metal concentrations among the selected sites. The mean concentrations of the heavy metals are found in the order of Zn > Cu > Pb > Ni with their magnitude of 160, 36, 30 and 11.5 mg kg−1, respectively, across the site and sampling types. The RDS and TLS are found substantially enriched, having enrichment factor range 1.13 to 1.83 than their respective background values indicating anthropogenic input in the samples illustrating emission from the road traffic environment. In general, the higher metal concentrations are found in TLS than in RDS with considerable variability exist among the sites. Considering the heavy metal induced pollution level, the sites rank is in the order of controlled intersection > road bend > road with speed control > uncontrolled intersection > straight road section > bus stop > uncontrolled intersection with flyover site. These results highlighting site specific characteristics notably with traffic volume and traffic movement pattern influenced by stop-start phenomenon linked to a typical urban road lay out design. The statistical analyses further confirm the findings of interrelationships with the significant variability across the samples and sites.

Published
2021
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44. Utilization of systemic therapy for treatment of advanced urothelial carcinoma: Lessons from real world experience

Author

Umang Swami, Petros Grivas, Sumanta K. Pal, and Neeraj Agarwal

Subjects
Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

Metastatic bladder cancer has poor overall survival. Though systemic therapies have shown to improve overall survival, real-world studies have shown that more than half of the patients do not receive any systemic therapy, while only around 15–20% receive second-line therapy. Even in patients receiving systemic therapies a disproportionately higher use of carboplatin is observed in the first line despite proven superior effectiveness of cisplatin. Reasons for these observations include moderate effectiveness and relatively toxicity of platinum-based chemotherapy regimens, concerns with performance status and co-morbidities in this predominantly older patient population, communications barriers, lack of social support, and access to affordable healthcare. Herein we discuss potential ways to overcome these challenges which include (1) preventing/delaying metastatic disease by maximizing the receipt of neoadjuvant cisplatin-based therapy, and development of better tolerated and more effective neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies, (2) use of avelumab maintenance therapy after 4–6 cycles of platinum-based chemotherapy to overcome attrition of patients from first to second-line therapy, (3) advancing effective and well-tolerated systemic therapies such as enfortumab vedotin, and erdafitinib to the first-line metastatic setting or even to the localized setting, (4) further development of effective and well-tolerated therapies like sacituzumab govitecan, a novel antibody-drug conjugate and (5) improving affordability and accessibility to systemic therapy agents.

Published
2021
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45. Activation of SIRT1/PGC 1α/SIRT3 pathway by melatonin provides protection against mitochondrial dysfunction in isoproterenol induced myocardial injury

Author

Shamreen Naaz, Sanatan Mishra, Palash K. Pal, Aindrila Chattopadhyay, Asish R. Das, and Debasish Bandyopadhyay

Subjects
Melatonin, Oxidative stress, SIRT1, SIRT3, PGC 1α, Isothermal titration calorimetry, Science (General), Q1-390, Social sciences (General), H1-99
Abstract

Aims: Preventing mitochondrial dysfunction and enhancing mitochondrial health and biogenesis is a crucial therapeutic approach to ameliorate injury following acute myocardial infarction. Although the antioxidant role of melatonin against ischemia/reperfusion injury has been reported, the exact mechanism of protection, in vivo, remains poorly understood. This study aims to identify and elaborate upon mechanism of melatonin protection of rat cardiac mitochondria against acute myocardial infarction. Main methods: Rats were pre-treated with melatonin (10 mg/kg body weight (b.w.); intraperitoneally, i.p.) before isoproterenol bitartrate (ISO) administration (25 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) subcutaneously,s.c.) and their effect on rat heart mitochondrial structure and function was studied. Biochemical changes in activity of biomarkers of oxidative stress, antioxidant enzymes as well as Krebs' cycle enzymes were analyzed. Gene expression studies and Isothermal titration calorimetric studies with pure catalase and ISO were also carried out. Key findings: Melatonin was shown to reduce ISO induced oxidative stress, by stimulating superoxide dismutase activity and removing the inhibition of Krebs' cycle enzymes. Herein we report for the first time in rat model that melatonin activates the SIRT1-PGC-1α-SIRT3 signaling pathways after ISO administration, which ultimately induces mitochondrial biogenesis. Melatonin exhibited significant protection of mitochondrial architecture and topology along with increased calcium ion permeability and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation induced by ISO. Isothermal calorimetric studies revealed that melatonin binds to ISO molecules and sequesters them from the reaction thereby limiting their interaction with catalase along with occupying the binding sites of catalase themselves. Significance: Activation of SIRT1-PGC-1α-SIRT3 pathway by melatonin along with its biophysical properties prevents ISO induced mitochondrial injury in rat heart.

Published
2020
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46. Evolving treatment paradigm in metastatic non clear cell renal cell carcinoma

Author

Shuchi Gulati, Errol Philip, Sabrina Salgia, and Sumanta K. Pal

Subjects
Kidney cancer, Non-clear cell, Treatment, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

The treatment landscape for renal cell cancer (RCC) has evolved tremendously over the last two decades. Treatment algorithms have shifted from the highly toxic drugs with marginal benefit to better tolerated and more effective targeted therapy drugs. The latter include tyrosine kinase inhibitors, vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors, MET inhibitors and, more recently, immunotherapy drugs alone and in various combinations. The majority of treatment algorithms for non-clear cell carcinoma have been based on extrapolating results from clear cell RCC trials and retrospective reviews. However, now that we understand that non-clear cell RCC is morphologically and clinically distinct from its clear cell counterpart, several collaborative clinical trials are underway for non-clear cell RCC. This review will delve into the historical aspects of treating non-clear cell RCC and the evolution of treatment paradigms over the last few decades with a focus on immunotherapy based trials.

Published
2020
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47. The landscape of contemporary clinical trials for untreated metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma

Author

Tian Zhang, Joyce K. Hwang, Daniel J. George, and Sumanta K. Pal

Subjects
Renal cell carcinoma, Clinical trials, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

Since the approval of immunotherapy checkpoint inhibitors for first-line treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma, new and clinically relevant questions have emerged that ongoing clinical trials and trials in development will address. These questions include how to integrate combination immunotherapy approaches like ipilimumab/nivolumab with targeted therapies against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors, which patients can discontinue treatment, and who needs ipilimumab to maximize clinical responses. Furthermore, with new approvals of treatment regimens combining checkpoint inhibitors with targeted therapies, new questions arise in the clinic regarding optimal treatment selection for first-line clear cell renal cell carcinoma. This review will highlight the contemporary clinical trials in metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma that try to address some of these knowledge gaps.

Published
2020
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49. Friction stir welding of polypropylene sheet

Author

Santosh K. Sahu, Debasish Mishra, Raju P. Mahto, Vyas M. Sharma, Surjya K. Pal, Kamal Pal, Susanta Banerjee, and Padmanav Dash

Subjects
Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040
Abstract

Friction stir welding (FSW) is a growing technology in the manufacturing industries because of its numerous contributions involving the welding of light-weight materials such as aluminium and magnesium. The process has been recently implemented for joining thermoplastics. The present paper has been dedicated to investigate the application of the FSW process to join the thermoplastics. The article has been divided into two parts; the first part outlines the importance of the thermoplastics through their wide applications and the principle of the FSW process has been described. A detailed literature study regarding the effect of process parameters, pin profile, defects and weld zones during the FSW of thermoplastics has been conducted. The second part has been focused on the experimental investigation carried out to analyse the effect of tool pin geometry on FSW of 6 mm thick polypropylene sheets. The variation of the Z-load with time has been utilised to understand the occurrence of various stages of the welding. Also, a comparison between the thermoplastic and metal concerning the variation of Z-load with time has been performed to emphasis the process difference between them. Further, the effect of tool rotational speed and welding speed on the average force during FSW of thermoplastics has been shown. In order to investigate the weld quality, three different tools having cylindrical, square and conical pin geometry have been employed. Three different tool rotational speeds and traverse speeds were selected for carrying out the experiments. The effect of the shoulder diameter has also been studied. The tensile strength of the welds has been determined and correlated with pin profile. Results obtained proved the potential of square pin in achieving high quality welds. The process parameters have been found to have a significant effect on the tensile strength of the welds. Keywords: Friction stir welding, Light-weight materials, Thermoplastics, Process parameters, Tensile strength, Tool geometry

Published
2018
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50. Pre-treatment of rocks prior to comminution – A critical review of present practices

Author

Aditya Somani, Tapas K. Nandi, Samir K. Pal, and Arun K. Majumder

Subjects
Mining engineering. Metallurgy, TN1-997
Abstract

It has been an established fact that comminution processes, crushing and grinding, are most energy intensive processes which account for more than half of the total energy consumed in mineral industries. Various alternative pre-treatment methods have been tried by experts around the globe. Although these methods yielded positive results in terms of reduction in energy consumption in crushing and particularly, in grinding operations at laboratory scale, their industrial application still remains an unresolved issue and challenge. Present review paper describes each one of these methods along with outcome of earlier studies and issues that need to be addressed through further rigorous experimental investigation. It also suggests the direction in which future studies can be carried out to meet the primary objective of making comminution processes more energy efficient than today they are. Keywords: Comminution, Rock breakage, Microwave, Thermal shock

Published
2017
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