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1. A single-center experience of COVID-19 infection in patients with primary immunodeficiency

Author

Jessie J. Zhou, BMed, MD, Celina Jin, BMedSci, MBBS(Hons), DPhil, FRACP, FRCPA, Zhi Xiang Leang, MBBS, Josh Chatelier, MBBS, BSc(Hons), FRACP, Jack Godsell, MBBS(Hons), BMedSc(Hons), FRACP, Sylvia Tsang, MNSc, Jo A. Douglass, BMedSc(Hons), MBBS (Hons), MD, FRACP, Michelle K. Yong, MBBS, FRACP, MPH, PhD, Monica Slavin, MBBS, FRACP, MD, FAAHMS, FECMM, Vanessa L. Bryant, Bsc(Hons), Bsc, PhD, Charlotte A. Slade, MBBS, BA, BSc, FRACP, FRCPA, PhD, and Samantha Chan, MBBS, BMedSci, FRACP, MPH

Subjects
Primary immunodeficiency, COVID-19 infection, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract

Background: Reported outcomes in patients with primary immunodeficiency (PID) infected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been variable owing to a combination of viral strain heterogeneity, differences in patient populations and health systems, and local availability of vaccination and specific COVID-19 therapies. There are few reports on the experience of Australian patients with PID during the pandemic. Objectives: In this retrospective study, we describe the baseline characteristics and short-term outcomes of patients with PID who were infected by COVID-19 and known to the Royal Melbourne Hospital, a major tertiary center in Victoria, Australia. Methods: Between April 2021 and April 2022, a total of 31 of 138 patients with PID were affected by COVID-19. More than half of them had 3 vaccine doses at the time of infection (which at the time was considered being fully vaccinated) and received COVID-19–targeted treatment. Results: All of the infected patients had ambulatory disease, with no cases of morbidity or mortality. In line with the current literature, the PID subtypes described did not appear to independently predict worse outcomes. Conclusions: Some protective factors include this cohort's relatively younger average age and its high uptake of vaccination and COVID-19 therapies.

Published
2024
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2. Skin prick test predictive values for the outcome of cashew challenges in children

Author

Melissa Wake, Vicki McWilliam, Jo A Douglass, Rachel L. Peters, Joanne Smart, Colin F. Robertson, Shyamali C. Dharmage, Dean Tey, Jennifer J. Koplin, Katrina J. Allen, Kirsten P Perrett, Peter Vuillermin, Mark Taranto, George C Patton, Terence Dwyer, Susan M Sawyer, Mimi L.K. Tang, Anne-Louise Ponsonby, Marnie Robinson, Lyle C. Gurrin, and Adrian J. Lowe

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Peanut allergy, Population, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Food allergy, Internal medicine, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Humans, Anacardium, 030212 general & internal medicine, education, Child, Skin Tests, education.field_of_study, Oral food challenge, business.industry, Allergens, Immunoglobulin E, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, 030228 respiratory system, Predictive value of tests, Child, Preschool, Cohort, Tree nut allergy, Nut Hypersensitivity, business
Abstract

Background: Cashew is a common cause of tree nut allergy in children. To date there have been few studies of diagnostic tests for cashew allergy, and positive predictive values (PPVs) for cashew as well as other tree nuts are largely extrapolated from studies of peanut allergy. How relevant these cutoffs are for cashew has not been formally explored. Objective: We aimed to establish skin prick test (SPT) wheal sizes that correlated to 95% PPV for a positive food challenge for cashew. Methods: We included all cashew oral food challenges (OFCs) conducted as part of the HealthNuts (n = 108; age, 4-6 years) and SchoolNuts (n = 37; age, 10-14 years) studies, both recruited from the community (population cohort). A second cohort of all cashew OFCs conducted at the Royal Children's Hospital (RCH) allergy center (n = 343) (2011-2016) and a private allergy clinic based at RCH (n = 43) was included via electronic medical record review (clinic cohort). The 95% PPV for cashew SPT was calculated for both cohorts. Results: Among the population cohort (n = 145), 62% of cashew OFCs were positive compared with 20% of the clinic cohort (n = 386). The SPT cutoff for 95% PPV derived from the population cohort was 10 mm (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.5-12.0). For the clinic cohort, the 95% PPV was 14 mm (95% CI, 9.5-unknown). An SPT wheal size of 8 mm had a PPV of 89% (95% CI, 79-95) in the population cohort and 62% (95% CI, 45-78) in the clinic cohort. Conclusion: A higher SPT wheal size may be more appropriate than the commonly used 8 mm cutoff to guide clinical decisions around when to perform OFC for cashew.

Published
2020
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3. Contributors

Author

Seema S. Aceves, Ian M. Adcock, N. Franklin Adkinson, Cezmi A. Akdis, Mübeccel Akdis, Keith C. Allen, Andrea J. Apter, Claus Bachert, Katherine J. Baines, Mark Ballow, Peter J. Barnes, Neal P. Barney, Fuad M. Baroody, Heidrun Behrendt, Bruce G. Bender, M. Cecilia Berin, Paul J. Bertics, Thomas Bieber, Leonard Bielory, Judith Black, Bruce S. Bochner, Mark Boguniewicz, Larry Borish, Louis-Philippe Boulet, Jean Bousquet, Joshua A. Boyce, Peter Bradding, Christopher E. Brightling, David H. Broide, Simon G.A. Brown, Rebecca H. Buckley, Janette K. Burgess, A. Wesley Burks, Peter G.J. Burney, Robert K. Bush, William W. Busse, Jeroen Buters, Lien Calus, Carlos A. Camargo, Brendan J. Canning, Thomas B. Casale, Mario Castro, Gülfem E. Çelik, Christina Chambers, Javier Chinen, Anca Mirela Chiriac, Sandra C. Christiansen, Kian Fan Chung, Donald W. Cockcroft, Lauren Cohn, Ellen B. Cook, Jonathan Corren, Adnan Custovic, Pascal Demoly, Dhananjay Desai, Graham Devereux, Thomas Diepgen, Myrna B. Dolovich, David A. Dorward, Jo A. Douglass, Stephen R. Durham, Sandy R. Durrani, Mark S. Dykewicz, Ronald Eccles, Alan M. Edwards, Renata J.M. Engler, Robert E. Esch, Sean B. Fain, Reuben Falkoff, Matthew J. Fenton, Thomas A. Fleisher, Joseph R. Fontana, Michael M. Frank, Anthony J. Frew, Glenn T. Furuta, Holger Garn, Monica L. Gavala, Philippe Gevaert, Viviane Ghanim, Peter G. Gibson, David B.K. Golden, Matthew J. Greenhawt, Anete S. Grumach, Theresa W. Guilbert, Sudhir Gupta, Andrew J. Halayko, Teal S. Hallstrand, Robert G. Hamilton, Hamida Hammad, Trevor T. Hansel, Catherine Hawrylowicz, Michelle L. Hernandez, C. Garren Hester, Jeremy Hirota, Stephen T. Holgate, John W. Holloway, Charles G. Irvin, Richard S. Irwin, Elliot Israel, Daniel J. Jackson, Peter K. Jeffery, Diane F. Jelinek, Richard B. Johnston, Stacie M. Jones, H. William Kelly, John M. Kelso, Stephen F. Kemp, Hirohito Kita, Amy D. Klion, Darryl Knight, Marek L. Kowalski, Cynthia J. Koziol-White, Rakesh K. Kumar, Gideon Lack, Bart N. Lambrecht, Beth L. Laube, Heather K. Lehman, Robert F. Lemanske, Catherine Lemière, Donald Y.M. Leung, Ian P. Lewkowich, James T. Li, Xiu-Min Li, Phillip L. Lieberman, Andrew H. Liu, Clare Lloyd, Christopher D. Lucas, Andrew D. Luster, Eric Macy, J. Mark Madison, Elizabeth C. Matsui, Michael H. Mellon, Dean D. Metcalfe, Zamaneh Mikhak, E.N. Clare Mills, Harold S. Nelson, Sarah K. Nicholas, Rosemary L. Nixon, Anna Nowak-We˛grzyn, Paul M. O'Byrne, Hans C. Oettgen, Robyn E. O'Hehir, Brian G. Oliver, Jordan S. Orange, Dennis R. Ownby, C.P. Page, Reynold A. Panettieri, Hae-Sim Park, Mary E. Paul, Ian D. Pavord, Ruby Pawankar, David B. Peden, R. Stokes Peebles, Stephen P. Peters, Werner J. Pichler, Mark R. Pittelkow, Douglas A. Plager, Thomas A.E. Platts-Mills, Susan L. Prescott, Benjamin A. Raby, Hengameh H. Raissy, Cynthia S. Rand, Anuradha Ray, Harald Renz, Jonathan P. Richardson, Johannes Ring, Clive Robinson, Duncan F. Rogers, Lanny J. Rosenwasser, Adriano G. Rossi, Marc E. Rothenberg, Brian H. Rowe, Sejal Saglani, Sarbjit S. Saini, Hirohisa Saito, Hugh A. Sampson, Mario Sanchez-Borges, Alessandra Sandrini, Guy W. Scadding, Michael Schatz, John T. Schroeder, Malcolm R. Sears, Christine Seroogy, William T. Shearer, James H. Shelhamer, Scott H. Sicherer, F. Estelle R. Simons, Jodie L. Simpson, Jay E. Slater, Peter D. Sly, Philip H. Smith, Michael C. Sneller, Domenico Spina, P. Sriramarao, James L. Stahl, John W. Steinke, Geoffrey A. Stewart, Jeffrey R. Stokes, Kathleen E. Sullivan, Steve L. Taylor, Abba I. Terr, Euan Tovey, Thai Tran, Bradley J. Undem, Peter Valent, Olivier Vandenplas, Stephan von Gunten, Richard W. Weber, Peter F. Weller, Sally E. Wenzel, Gregory J. Wiepz, Marsha Wills-Karp, Robert A. Wood, Leman Yel, Robert S. Zeiger, Jihui Zhang, and Bruce L. Zuraw

Published
2014
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5. The Melbourne epidemic thunderstorm asthma event 2016: an investigation of environmental triggers, effect on health services, and patient risk factors

Author

Prof Francis Thien, MD, Paul J Beggs, PhD, Danny Csutoros, MPH, Jai Darvall, MBBS, Mark Hew, PhD, Janet M Davies, PhD, Prof Philip G Bardin, PhD, Tony Bannister, BSc, Sara Barnes, MBBS, Prof Rinaldo Bellomo, MD, Timothy Byrne, MBBS, Andrew Casamento, MBBS, Matthew Conron, MD, Anthony Cross, MBBS, Ashley Crosswell, MBBS, Prof Jo A Douglass, MD, Matthew Durie, MBBS, John Dyett, MBBS, Elizabeth Ebert, PhD, Bircan Erbas, PhD, Craig French, MBBS, Ben Gelbart, MBBS, Andrew Gillman, MBBS, Nur-Shirin Harun, MBBS, Alfredo Huete, PhD, Louis Irving, MBBS, Dharshi Karalapillai, MBBS, David Ku, MBBS, Philippe Lachapelle, MD, David Langton, MPH, Joy Lee, MBChB, Clare Looker, MBBS, Christopher MacIsaac, PhD, Joseph McCaffrey, MBBS, Prof Christine F McDonald, PhD, Forbes McGain, PhD, Edward Newbigin, PhD, Prof Robyn O'Hehir, PhD, David Pilcher, MBBS, Shivonne Prasad, MBChB, Kanishka Rangamuwa, MBBS, Laurence Ruane, BSc, Vineet Sarode, MD, Jeremy D Silver, PhD, Anne Marie Southcott, MBBS, Ashwin Subramaniam, MMed, Cenk Suphioglu, PhD, Nugroho Harry Susanto, MD, Michael F Sutherland, PhD, Gopal Taori, MBBS, Philip Taylor, PhD, Paul Torre, PhD, Joseph Vetro, MBBS, Geoffrey Wigmore, MBBS, Alan C Young, PhD, and Prof Charles Guest, PhD

Subjects
Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

Background: A multidisciplinary collaboration investigated the world's largest, most catastrophic epidemic thunderstorm asthma event that took place in Melbourne, Australia, on Nov 21, 2016, to inform mechanisms and preventive strategies. Methods: Meteorological and airborne pollen data, satellite-derived vegetation index, ambulance callouts, emergency department presentations, and data on hospital admissions for Nov 21, 2016, as well as leading up to and following the event were collected between Nov 21, 2016, and March 31, 2017, and analysed. We contacted patients who presented during the epidemic thunderstorm asthma event at eight metropolitan health services (each including up to three hospitals) via telephone questionnaire to determine patient characteristics, and investigated outcomes of intensive care unit (ICU) admissions. Findings: Grass pollen concentrations on Nov 21, 2016, were extremely high (>100 grains/m3). At 1800 AEDT, a gust front crossed Melbourne, plunging temperatures 10°C, raising humidity above 70%, and concentrating particulate matter. Within 30 h, there were 3365 (672%) excess respiratory-related presentations to emergency departments, and 476 (992%) excess asthma-related admissions to hospital, especially individuals of Indian or Sri Lankan birth (10% vs 1%, p

Published
2018
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