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Copper oxide nanoparticles were successfully synthesized through a simple and ‘green’ route using starch as a capping and stabilizing agent under ultrasonic irradiation in alkaline medium. Unique reaction condition was prepared by ultrasonic irradiation, releasing the stored energy in the collapsed bubbles and heats the bubble contents that leads to Cu(II) reduction in the presence of starch. The obtained nanoparticle (CuO NPs@Starch) was characterized by advanced physical and chemical techniques like Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Uv–Vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The properties of CuO NPs@Starch against gastric cancer (AGS and KATO III), pancreatic cancer (AsPC-1 and MIA PaCa-2), and colon cancer (HCT 116 and HCT-8) were evaluated. The viability of malignant cancer cell lines reduced dose-dependently in the presence of CuO NPs@Starch. After clinical study, CuO NPs@Starch can be utilized as an efficient drug in the treatment of gastric, pancreatic, and colon cancers in humans.

Background: Skin flap transplantation is a common wound repair method in orthopedic surgery, but skin flap necrosis remains problematic. Memantine, an excitatory amino acid receptor antagonist, is currently used in the treatment of moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease, due to its ability to promote angiogenesis and reduce oxidative stress. This study investigated the effect of memantine on the survival of random skin flaps in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Materials and methods: Thirty six male SD rats were divided into control, high-dose (20 mg/kg per day), and low-dose (10 mg/kg per day) groups and underwent a McFarland flap procedure. Seven days later, the survival of the flap was evaluated, The microvascular density and neutrophil density were measured by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Lead angiography was used to detect angiogenesis, and laser Doppler was used to detect blood perfusion. Expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4, nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB) and Mitogen-activated protein kinase（MAPK）were detected by immunohistochemistry. Oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Results: Compared with the control group, the flap survival area of memantine group, especially the high-dose group, was larger, VEGF expression, microvascular density, angiogenesis, blood perfusion, and superoxide dismutase in the flap were higher in the Memantine-H group than in the Memantine-L and control groups (P