1. ISN Forefronts Symposium 2015: The Evolution of Hypertension–Old Genes, New Concepts
- Author
-
Jessica R. Ivy, Matthew A. Bailey, Morag K. Mansley, University of St Andrews. School of Medicine, University of St Andrews. Cellular Medicine Division, and University of St Andrews. Biomedical Sciences Research Complex
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,QH301 Biology ,T-NDAS ,Physiology ,Disease ,Meeting Report ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Pressure natriuresis ,Kidney ,lcsh:RC870-923 ,0302 clinical medicine ,RA0421 ,RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine ,salt ,media_common ,education.field_of_study ,Evolutionary medicine ,blood pressure ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Nephrology ,Hypertension ,Blood pressure ,kidney ,hypertension ,Evolution ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Population ,Salt ,QH426 Genetics ,Natriuresis ,03 medical and health sciences ,QH301 ,SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being ,evolution ,medicine ,Salt intake ,education ,QH426 ,Inflammation ,business.industry ,Appetite ,lcsh:Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology ,Ophthalmology ,pressure natriuresis ,030104 developmental biology ,inflammation ,Immunology ,business - Abstract
Funding: British Heart Foundation and Kidney Research UK. Hypertension is known as the “silent killer,” driving the global public health burden of cardiovascular and renal disease. Blood pressure homeostasis is intimately associated with sodium balance and the distribution of sodium between fluid compartments and within tissues. On a population level, most societies consume 10 times more salt that the 0.5 g required by physiological need. This high salt intake is strongly linked to hypertension and to the World Health Organization targeting a ∼30% relative reduction in mean population salt intake to arrest the global mortality due to cardiovascular disease. But how does a habitually high-salt diet cause blood pressure to rise? In this focused review, we discuss 2 “evolutionary medicine” concepts, presented at the ISN Forefront Meeting “Immunomodulation of Cardio-renal Function.” We first examine how ancestral variants in genes that conferred a selection advantage during early human development are now maladaptive. We then discuss the conservation of “renal” sodium transport processes across multiple organ systems, including the brain. These systems influence sodium appetite and can exert an often-overlooked effect on long-term blood pressure control. Publisher PDF
- Published
- 2016