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Although having a variety of roles is generally beneficial for mental health, little is known about the relationships between work-family role combinations and depressive symptoms among married women in Korea, where child rearing is strongly considered a mother's responsibility. This study examines how the four types of work-family role combinations may be associated with depressive symptoms among married Korean women younger than 50 years old. Data were collected from 2012 through 2020 in five surveys by the Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women & Families. In total, 4811 married women (14,851 person-period observations) were analyzed using regression models with fixed effects. This enabled estimation of the within-person effects of transitions in work-family role combinations on depressive symptoms. Work-family role combinations were categorized as follows based on whether respondents had a job or at least one child: having both worker and mother roles, having a worker role only, having neither a worker nor a mother role, and having a mother role only. The findings indicate that married women who had only a mother role had more severe depressive symptoms than the other three groups. However, after controlling for whether respondents had a preschool-aged child, only those with both worker and mother roles had significantly lower levels of depressive symptoms compared with those with a mother role only. This study suggests that transitioning to being a working mother from a full-time mother may benefit the mental health of married Korean women. Furthermore, whether married women have a child critically impacts their mental health more than the number of roles. Raising a preschool-aged child seems to potentially be especially stressful for married Korean women. Working outside the home can protect the mental health of married Korean mothers who are affected by the social pressure to immerse themselves in child-rearing.

In many countries, COVID-19 has made it harder for women to study because they are expected to do more housework and care for children. This article encompasses different data sources that can be used to figure out how the early pandemic of COVID-19 affected the number of studies done by females, in comparison with males. This data is add-on metadata that can be used with raw Microsoft Academic Graph (MAG) from 2016 to 2020 of the Feb 6, 2021 dump. We retrieved open-source metadata from various sources, including LinkedIn, the Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center, and Google's COVID-19 Community Mobility Reports, and linked bibliographic information to characteristics of the author's environments. It consists of published journals and online preprints, including each author's gender and involvement in the publication, their position through time, the h-index of their institutes, and gender equality in the professional labor market at the country level. For each record of papers, the data also includes the information of the papers, e.g., title and field of study. By gathering this evidence, our data can support the fact diversity in science is more than just the number of active members of different groups. It should also examine minority participation in science. Our data may help scholars understand diversity in science and advance it. The article ``The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on gendered research productivity and its correlates'' uses this data as the principal source (Kwon, Yun & Kang, 2021).