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1. Characteristics of clay dispersion and its influencing factors in saline-sodic soils of Songnen Plain, China

Author: X.J. Luo, X. Zhang, L. Zhang, L.L. Guo, Z.Y. Nie, J. Zhou, R.Z. Wang, T.Y. Zhang, Y. Miao, L. Ma, Z.C. Wang, and F. Yang
Subjects: Saline-sodic soils, Clay dispersion, Clay dispersion ratio, Turbidity, Zeta potential, Agriculture (General), S1-972, Agricultural industries, HD9000-9495
Abstract: Under the influence of salinity-sodicity stress, soil salinization and sodification tend to be severe and the dispersion of clay particles increases, which threatens agricultural production and food security. To explore the characteristics of clay dispersion in saline-sodic soils and their influencing factors, the quantitative relationship between clay dispersion indices and soil physicochemical parameters in saline-sodic soils of the Songnen Plain in China was investigated, to provide theoretical and data support for clay dispersion control in saline-sodic soils. Forty-two natural soil samples (0–0.2 m) were collected from saline-sodic soils in Songnen Plain, northeast China, and their physicochemical parameters and clay dispersion indices were determined. Correlation analysis, random forest analysis, and multivariate linear regression analysis were used in this study. The results showed that water-dispersible clay (WDC) ranged from 0.60 % to 18.38 % and total clay (TC) ranged from 4.70 % to 20.68 %. The maximum value of the clay dispersion ratio (CDR) is nine times the minimum value. In terms of turbidity, mechanical dispersion turbidity (MDT) ranged from 39.60 to 59,433 NTU, while spontaneous dispersion turbidity (SDT) ranged from 1.11 to 154.67 NTU. In terms of zeta potential, the minimum value of mechanical dispersion ZETA potential (MDZP) was −46.42 mV, and the maximum value was close to 0 mV. There was a significant correlation between soil physicochemical parameters and clay dispersion indices. Exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) was the most important explanatory variable for CDR, followed by pH, Na+ex, HCO3-, Na+, CEC, CO32-, SAR, CROSS, and SOC, which could help construct the following multiple linear regression model: CDR=0.143+0.015*ESP −0.036*CO32- −0.006*Na+. Exchangeable sodium percentage has the strongest effects on clay dispersion among the soil parameters. Clay dispersion indices vary with soil physicochemical parameters. Compared to MDT, SDT, MDZP, and SDZP, CDR is more suitable for evaluating and predicting the clay dispersion condition in saline-sodic soils.
Published: 2024
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2. Collision-energy dependence of deuteron cumulants and proton-deuteron correlations in Au+Au collisions at RHIC

Author: M.I. Abdulhamid, B.E. Aboona, J. Adam, L. Adamczyk, J.R. Adams, I. Aggarwal, M.M. Aggarwal, Z. Ahammed, E.C. Aschenauer, S. Aslam, J. Atchison, V. Bairathi, J.G. Ball Cap, K. Barish, R. Bellwied, P. Bhagat, A. Bhasin, S. Bhatta, S.R. Bhosale, J. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, J.D. Brandenburg, C. Broodo, X.Z. Cai, H. Caines, M. Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, D. Cebra, J. Ceska, I. Chakaberia, P. Chaloupka, B.K. Chan, Z. Chang, A. Chatterjee, D. Chen, J. Chen, J.H. Chen, Z. Chen, J. Cheng, Y. Cheng, S. Choudhury, W. Christie, X. Chu, H.J. Crawford, M. Csanád, G. Dale-Gau, A. Das, I.M. Deppner, A. Dhamija, P. Dixit, X. Dong, J.L. Drachenberg, E. Duckworth, J.C. Dunlop, J. Engelage, G. Eppley, S. Esumi, O. Evdokimov, O. Eyser, R. Fatemi, S. Fazio, C.J. Feng, Y. Feng, E. Finch, Y. Fisyak, F.A. Flor, C. Fu, C.A. Gagliardi, T. Galatyuk, T. Gao, F. Geurts, N. Ghimire, A. Gibson, K. Gopal, X. Gou, D. Grosnick, A. Gupta, W. Guryn, A. Hamed, Y. Han, S. Harabasz, M.D. Harasty, J.W. Harris, H. Harrison-Smith, W. He, X.H. He, Y. He, N. Herrmann, L. Holub, C. Hu, Q. Hu, Y. Hu, H. Huang, H.Z. Huang, S.L. Huang, T. Huang, X. Huang, Y. Huang, T.J. Humanic, M. Isshiki, W.W. Jacobs, A. Jalotra, C. Jena, A. Jentsch, Y. Ji, J. Jia, C. Jin, X. Ju, E.G. Judd, S. Kabana, D. Kalinkin, K. Kang, D. Kapukchyan, K. Kauder, D. Keane, A. Khanal, Y.V. Khyzhniak, D.P. Kikoła, D. Kincses, I. Kisel, A. Kiselev, A.G. Knospe, H.S. Ko, L.K. Kosarzewski, L. Kumar, M.C. Labonte, R. Lacey, J.M. Landgraf, J. Lauret, A. Lebedev, J.H. Lee, Y.H. Leung, N. Lewis, C. Li, D. Li, H-S. Li, H. Li, W. Li, X. Li, Y. Li, Z. Li, X. Liang, Y. Liang, R. Licenik, T. Lin, Y. Lin, M.A. Lisa, C. Liu, G. Liu, H. Liu, L. Liu, T. Liu, X. Liu, Y. Liu, Z. Liu, T. Ljubicic, O. Lomicky, R.S. Longacre, E.M. Loyd, T. Lu, J. Luo, X.F. Luo, L. Ma, R. Ma, Y.G. Ma, N. Magdy, D. Mallick, R. Manikandhan, S. Margetis, C. Markert, H.S. Matis, G. McNamara, O. Mezhanska, K. Mi, S. Mioduszewski, B. Mohanty, M.M. Mondal, I. Mooney, M.I. Nagy, A.S. Nain, J.D. Nam, M. Nasim, D. Neff, J.M. Nelson, D.B. Nemes, M. Nie, G. Nigmatkulov, T. Niida, T. Nonaka, G. Odyniec, A. Ogawa, S. Oh, K. Okubo, B.S. Page, R. Pak, S. Pal, A. Pandav, T. Pani, A. Paul, B. Pawlik, D. Pawlowska, C. Perkins, J. Pluta, B.R. Pokhrel, M. Posik, T. Protzman, V. Prozorova, N.K. Pruthi, M. Przybycien, J. Putschke, Z. Qin, H. Qiu, C. Racz, S.K. Radhakrishnan, A. Rana, R.L. Ray, R. Reed, H.G. Ritter, C.W. Robertson, M. Robotkova, M.A. Rosales Aguilar, D. Roy, P. Roy Chowdhury, L. Ruan, A.K. Sahoo, N.R. Sahoo, H. Sako, S. Salur, S. Sato, B.C. Schaefer, W.B. Schmidke, N. Schmitz, F-J. Seck, J. Seger, R. Seto, P. Seyboth, N. Shah, P.V. Shanmuganathan, T. Shao, M. Sharma, N. Sharma, R. Sharma, S.R. Sharma, A.I. Sheikh, D. Shen, D.Y. Shen, K. Shen, S.S. Shi, Y. Shi, Q.Y. Shou, F. Si, J. Singh, S. Singha, P. Sinha, M.J. Skoby, N. Smirnov, Y. Söhngen, Y. Song, B. Srivastava, T.D.S. Stanislaus, M. Stefaniak, D.J. Stewart, B. Stringfellow, Y. Su, A.A.P. Suaide, M. Sumbera, C. Sun, X. Sun, Y. Sun, B. Surrow, Z.W. Sweger, A.C. Tamis, A.H. Tang, Z. Tang, T. Tarnowsky, J.H. Thomas, A.R. Timmins, D. Tlusty, T. Todoroki, S. Trentalange, P. Tribedy, S.K. Tripathy, T. Truhlar, B.A. Trzeciak, O.D. Tsai, C.Y. Tsang, Z. Tu, J. Tyler, T. Ullrich, D.G. Underwood, I. Upsal, G. Van Buren, J. Vanek, I. Vassiliev, V. Verkest, F. Videbæk, S.A. Voloshin, F. Wang, G. Wang, J.S. Wang, J. Wang, K. Wang, X. Wang, Y. Wang, Z. Wang, J.C. Webb, P.C. Weidenkaff, G.D. Westfall, D. Wielanek, H. Wieman, G. Wilks, S.W. Wissink, R. Witt, J. Wu, X. Wu, B. Xi, Z.G. Xiao, G. Xie, W. Xie, H. Xu, N. Xu, Q.H. Xu, Y. Xu, Z. Xu, G. Yan, Z. Yan, C. Yang, Q. Yang, S. Yang, Y. Yang, Z. Ye, L. Yi, K. Yip, Y. Yu, H. Zbroszczyk, W. Zha, C. Zhang, D. Zhang, J. Zhang, S. Zhang, W. Zhang, X. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z.J. Zhang, Z. Zhang, F. Zhao, J. Zhao, M. Zhao, J. Zhou, S. Zhou, Y. Zhou, X. Zhu, M. Zurek, and M. Zyzak
Subjects: Heavy-ion collisions, Deuteron production, Coalescence, Thermal model, Higher moments, Critical point, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: We report the first measurements of cumulants, up to 4th order, of deuteron number distributions and proton-deuteron correlations in Au+Au collisions recorded by the STAR experiment in phase-I of Beam Energy Scan (BES) program at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. Deuteron cumulants, their ratios, and proton-deuteron mixed cumulants are presented for different collision centralities covering a range of center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair sNN=7.7 to 200 GeV. It is found that the cumulant ratios at lower collision energies favor a canonical ensemble over a grand canonical ensemble in thermal models. An anti-correlation between proton and deuteron multiplicity is observed across all collision energies and centralities, consistent with the expectation from global baryon number conservation. The UrQMD model coupled with a phase-space coalescence mechanism qualitatively reproduces the collision-energy dependence of cumulant ratios and proton-deuteron correlations.
Published: 2024
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3. Numerical modelling of the ballistic impact response of hybrid composite structures

Author: L. Peng, J. Zhou, Q.Y. Wang, X.F. Zhang, and Z.W. Guan
Subjects: Finite element, Ballistic performance, Hybrid laminates, Ceramic, UHMWPE, Compressed wood, Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials, TA401-492
Abstract: This paper presents numerical modelling of the ballistic impact response of hybrid laminated structures, which are developed through combinations of ceramics, Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE), Kevlar and compressed wood. It is, for the first time, to embed the compressed wood in the ballistic panel and numerically investigate the impact response of the hybrid structures made of the multiple constituent materials. Different constitutive models and the related failure criteria were employed in the modelling to capture the ballistic responses of the constituent materials and hybrid structures. The numerical simulations were compared with the corresponding experimental results with acceptable correlation. The essential features of the hybrid composite structures subjected to high velocity impact were simulated by the finite element (FE) models, such as deformation and failure modes, back-face signature and the residual velocities. The FE models developed are ready to be used to assist design lightweight composite armour with optimized ballistic resistance and self-weight.
Published: 2024
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4. Measurements of the Z0/γ⁎ cross section and transverse single spin asymmetry in 510 GeV p + p collisions

Author: M.I. Abdulhamid, B.E. Aboona, J. Adam, L. Adamczyk, J.R. Adams, I. Aggarwal, M.M. Aggarwal, Z. Ahammed, E.C. Aschenauer, S. Aslam, J. Atchison, V. Bairathi, J.G. Ball Cap, K. Barish, R. Bellwied, P. Bhagat, A. Bhasin, S. Bhatta, S.R. Bhosale, J. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, J.D. Brandenburg, C. Broodo, X.Z. Cai, H. Caines, M. Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, D. Cebra, J. Ceska, I. Chakaberia, P. Chaloupka, B.K. Chan, Z. Chang, A. Chatterjee, D. Chen, J. Chen, J.H. Chen, Z. Chen, J. Cheng, Y. Cheng, S. Choudhury, W. Christie, X. Chu, H.J. Crawford, M. Csanád, G. Dale-Gau, A. Das, I.M. Deppner, A. Dhamija, P. Dixit, X. Dong, J.L. Drachenberg, E. Duckworth, J.C. Dunlop, J. Engelage, G. Eppley, S. Esumi, O. Evdokimov, O. Eyser, R. Fatemi, S. Fazio, C.J. Feng, Y. Feng, E. Finch, Y. Fisyak, F.A. Flor, C. Fu, C.A. Gagliardi, T. Galatyuk, T. Gao, F. Geurts, N. Ghimire, A. Gibson, K. Gopal, X. Gou, D. Grosnick, A. Gupta, W. Guryn, A. Hamed, Y. Han, S. Harabasz, M.D. Harasty, J.W. Harris, H. Harrison-Smith, W. He, X.H. He, Y. He, N. Herrmann, L. Holub, C. Hu, Q. Hu, Y. Hu, H. Huang, H.Z. Huang, S.L. Huang, T. Huang, X. Huang, Y. Huang, T.J. Humanic, M. Isshiki, W.W. Jacobs, A. Jalotra, C. Jena, A. Jentsch, Y. Ji, J. Jia, C. Jin, X. Ju, E.G. Judd, S. Kabana, D. Kalinkin, K. Kang, D. Kapukchyan, K. Kauder, D. Keane, A. Khanal, Y.V. Khyzhniak, D.P. Kikoła, D. Kincses, I. Kisel, A. Kiselev, A.G. Knospe, H.S. Ko, L.K. Kosarzewski, L. Kumar, M.C. Labonte, R. Lacey, J.M. Landgraf, J. Lauret, A. Lebedev, J.H. Lee, Y.H. Leung, N. Lewis, C. Li, D. Li, H.-S. Li, H. Li, W. Li, X. Li, Y. Li, Z. Li, X. Liang, Y. Liang, R. Licenik, T. Lin, Y. Lin, M.A. Lisa, C. Liu, G. Liu, H. Liu, L. Liu, T. Liu, X. Liu, Y. Liu, Z. Liu, T. Ljubicic, O. Lomicky, R.S. Longacre, E.M. Loyd, T. Lu, J. Luo, X.F. Luo, L. Ma, R. Ma, Y.G. Ma, N. Magdy, D. Mallick, R. Manikandhan, S. Margetis, C. Markert, G. McNamara, O. Mezhanska, K. Mi, S. Mioduszewski, B. Mohanty, M.M. Mondal, I. Mooney, J. Mrazkova, M.I. Nagy, A.S. Nain, J.D. Nam, M. Nasim, D. Neff, J.M. Nelson, D.B. Nemes, M. Nie, G. Nigmatkulov, T. Niida, T. Nonaka, G. Odyniec, A. Ogawa, S. Oh, K. Okubo, B.S. Page, R. Pak, S. Pal, A. Pandav, A.K. Pandey, T. Pani, A. Paul, B. Pawlik, D. Pawlowska, C. Perkins, J. Pluta, B.R. Pokhrel, M. Posik, T. Protzman, V. Prozorova, N.K. Pruthi, M. Przybycien, J. Putschke, Z. Qin, H. Qiu, C. Racz, S.K. Radhakrishnan, A. Rana, R.L. Ray, R. Reed, C.W. Robertson, M. Robotkova, M.A. Rosales Aguilar, D. Roy, P. Roy Chowdhury, L. Ruan, A.K. Sahoo, N.R. Sahoo, H. Sako, S. Salur, S. Sato, B.C. Schaefer, W.B. Schmidke, N. Schmitz, F.-J. Seck, J. Seger, R. Seto, P. Seyboth, N. Shah, P.V. Shanmuganathan, T. Shao, M. Sharma, N. Sharma, R. Sharma, S.R. Sharma, A.I. Sheikh, D. Shen, D.Y. Shen, K. Shen, S.S. Shi, Y. Shi, Q.Y. Shou, F. Si, J. Singh, S. Singha, P. Sinha, M.J. Skoby, N. Smirnov, Y. Söhngen, Y. Song, B. Srivastava, T.D.S. Stanislaus, M. Stefaniak, D.J. Stewart, Y. Su, M. Sumbera, C. Sun, X. Sun, Y. Sun, B. Surrow, M. Svoboda, Z.W. Sweger, A.C. Tamis, A.H. Tang, Z. Tang, T. Tarnowsky, J.H. Thomas, A.R. Timmins, D. Tlusty, T. Todoroki, S. Trentalange, P. Tribedy, S.K. Tripathy, T. Truhlar, B.A. Trzeciak, O.D. Tsai, C.Y. Tsang, Z. Tu, J. Tyler, T. Ullrich, D.G. Underwood, I. Upsal, G. Van Buren, J. Vanek, I. Vassiliev, V. Verkest, F. Videbæk, S.A. Voloshin, F. Wang, G. Wang, J.S. Wang, J. Wang, K. Wang, X. Wang, Y. Wang, Z. Wang, J.C. Webb, P.C. Weidenkaff, G.D. Westfall, D. Wielanek, H. Wieman, G. Wilks, S.W. Wissink, R. Witt, J. Wu, X. Wu, B. Xi, Z.G. Xiao, G. Xie, W. Xie, H. Xu, N. Xu, Q.H. Xu, Y. Xu, Z. Xu, G. Yan, Z. Yan, C. Yang, Q. Yang, S. Yang, Y. Yang, Z. Ye, L. Yi, K. Yip, Y. Yu, H. Zbroszczyk, W. Zha, C. Zhang, D. Zhang, J. Zhang, S. Zhang, W. Zhang, X. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z.J. Zhang, Z. Zhang, F. Zhao, J. Zhao, M. Zhao, J. Zhou, S. Zhou, Y. Zhou, X. Zhu, M. Zurek, and M. Zyzak
Subjects: Z0, Cross section, Transverse momentum dependent parton distribution functions (TMDs), Transverse single spin asymmetry (TSSA, AN), Sivers function, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: The differential cross section for Z0 production, measured as a function of the boson's transverse momentum (pT), provides important constraints on the evolution of the transverse momentum dependent parton distribution functions (TMDs). The transverse single spin asymmetry (TSSA) of the Z0 is sensitive to one of the polarized TMDs, the Sivers function, which is predicted to have the opposite sign in p+p →W/Z+X from that which enters in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering. In this Letter, the STAR Collaboration reports the first measurement of the Z0/γ⁎ differential cross section as a function of its pT in p+p collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 510 GeV, together with the Z0/γ⁎ total cross section. We also report the measurement of Z0/γ⁎ TSSA in transversely polarized p+p collisions at 510 GeV.
Published: 2024
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5. Results on elastic cross sections in proton–proton collisions at s=510 GeV with the STAR detector at RHIC

Author: M.I. Abdulhamid, B.E. Aboona, J. Adam, L. Adamczyk, J.R. Adams, I. Aggarwal, M.M. Aggarwal, Z. Ahammed, E.C. Aschenauer, S. Aslam, J. Atchison, V. Bairathi, J.G. Ball Cap, K. Barish, R. Bellwied, P. Bhagat, A. Bhasin, S. Bhatta, S.R. Bhosale, J. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, J.D. Brandenburg, C. Broodo, X.Z. Cai, H. Caines, M. Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, D. Cebra, J. Ceska, I. Chakaberia, P. Chaloupka, B.K. Chan, Z. Chang, A. Chatterjee, D. Chen, J. Chen, J.H. Chen, Z. Chen, J. Cheng, Y. Cheng, S. Choudhury, W. Christie, X. Chu, H.J. Crawford, M. Csanád, G. Dale-Gau, A. Das, I.M. Deppner, A. Dhamija, P. Dixit, X. Dong, J.L. Drachenberg, E. Duckworth, J.C. Dunlop, J. Engelage, G. Eppley, S. Esumi, O. Evdokimov, O. Eyser, R. Fatemi, S. Fazio, C.J. Feng, Y. Feng, E. Finch, Y. Fisyak, F.A. Flor, C. Fu, C.A. Gagliardi, T. Galatyuk, T. Gao, F. Geurts, N. Ghimire, A. Gibson, K. Gopal, X. Gou, D. Grosnick, A. Gupta, W. Guryn, A. Hamed, Y. Han, S. Harabasz, M.D. Harasty, J.W. Harris, H. Harrison-Smith, W. He, X.H. He, Y. He, N. Herrmann, L. Holub, C. Hu, Q. Hu, Y. Hu, H. Huang, H.Z. Huang, S.L. Huang, T. Huang, X. Huang, Y. Huang, T.J. Humanic, M. Isshiki, W.W. Jacobs, A. Jalotra, C. Jena, A. Jentsch, Y. Ji, J. Jia, C. Jin, X. Ju, E.G. Judd, S. Kabana, D. Kalinkin, K. Kang, D. Kapukchyan, K. Kauder, D. Keane, A. Khanal, Y.V. Khyzhniak, D.P. Kikoła, D. Kincses, I. Kisel, A. Kiselev, A.G. Knospe, H.S. Ko, L.K. Kosarzewski, L. Kumar, M.C. Labonte, R. Lacey, J.M. Landgraf, J. Lauret, A. Lebedev, J.H. Lee, Y.H. Leung, N. Lewis, C. Li, D. Li, H-S. Li, H. Li, W. Li, X. Li, Y. Li, Z. Li, X. Liang, Y. Liang, R. Licenik, T. Lin, Y. Lin, M.A. Lisa, C. Liu, G. Liu, H. Liu, L. Liu, T. Liu, X. Liu, Y. Liu, Z. Liu, T. Ljubicic, O. Lomicky, R.S. Longacre, E.M. Loyd, T. Lu, J. Luo, X.F. Luo, L. Ma, R. Ma, Y.G. Ma, N. Magdy, D. Mallick, R. Manikandhan, S. Margetis, C. Markert, H.S. Matis, G. McNamara, O. Mezhanska, K. Mi, S. Mioduszewski, B. Mohanty, M.M. Mondal, I. Mooney, M.I. Nagy, A.S. Nain, J.D. Nam, M. Nasim, D. Neff, J.M. Nelson, D.B. Nemes, M. Nie, G. Nigmatkulov, T. Niida, T. Nonaka, G. Odyniec, A. Ogawa, S. Oh, K. Okubo, B.S. Page, R. Pak, S. Pal, A. Pandav, T. Pani, A. Paul, B. Pawlik, D. Pawlowska, C. Perkins, J. Pluta, B.R. Pokhrel, M. Posik, T. Protzman, V. Prozorova, N.K. Pruthi, M. Przybycien, J. Putschke, Z. Qin, H. Qiu, C. Racz, S.K. Radhakrishnan, A. Rana, R.L. Ray, R. Reed, H.G. Ritter, C.W. Robertson, M. Robotkova, M.A. Rosales Aguilar, D. Roy, P. Roy Chowdhury, L. Ruan, A.K. Sahoo, N.R. Sahoo, H. Sako, S. Salur, S. Sato, B.C. Schaefer, W.B. Schmidke, N. Schmitz, F-J. Seck, J. Seger, R. Seto, P. Seyboth, N. Shah, P.V. Shanmuganathan, T. Shao, M. Sharma, N. Sharma, R. Sharma, S.R. Sharma, A.I. Sheikh, D. Shen, D.Y. Shen, K. Shen, S.S. Shi, Y. Shi, Q.Y. Shou, F. Si, J. Singh, S. Singha, P. Sinha, M.J. Skoby, N. Smirnov, Y. Söhngen, Y. Song, B. Srivastava, T.D.S. Stanislaus, M. Stefaniak, D.J. Stewart, B. Stringfellow, Y. Su, A.A.P. Suaide, M. Sumbera, C. Sun, X. Sun, Y. Sun, B. Surrow, Z.W. Sweger, A.C. Tamis, A.H. Tang, Z. Tang, T. Tarnowsky, J.H. Thomas, A.R. Timmins, D. Tlusty, T. Todoroki, S. Trentalange, P. Tribedy, S.K. Tripathy, T. Truhlar, B.A. Trzeciak, O.D. Tsai, C.Y. Tsang, Z. Tu, J. Tyler, T. Ullrich, D.G. Underwood, I. Upsal, G. Van Buren, J. Vanek, I. Vassiliev, V. Verkest, F. Videbæk, S.A. Voloshin, F. Wang, G. Wang, J.S. Wang, J. Wang, K. Wang, X. Wang, Y. Wang, Z. Wang, J.C. Webb, P.C. Weidenkaff, G.D. Westfall, D. Wielanek, H. Wieman, G. Wilks, S.W. Wissink, R. Witt, J. Wu, X. Wu, B. Xi, Z.G. Xiao, G. Xie, W. Xie, H. Xu, N. Xu, Q.H. Xu, Y. Xu, Z. Xu, G. Yan, Z. Yan, C. Yang, Q. Yang, S. Yang, Y. Yang, Z. Ye, L. Yi, K. Yip, Y. Yu, H. Zbroszczyk, W. Zha, C. Zhang, D. Zhang, J. Zhang, S. Zhang, W. Zhang, X. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z.J. Zhang, Z. Zhang, F. Zhao, J. Zhao, M. Zhao, J. Zhou, S. Zhou, Y. Zhou, X. Zhu, M. Zurek, and M. Zyzak
Subjects: Elastic scattering, B-slope, Diffraction, Proton–proton collisions, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: We report results on an elastic cross section measurement in proton–proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy s=510 GeV, obtained with the Roman Pot setup of the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The elastic differential cross section is measured in the four-momentum transfer squared range 0.23≤−t≤0.67 GeV2. This is the only measurement of the proton-proton elastic cross section in this t range for collision energies above the Intersecting Storage Rings (ISR) and below the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) colliders. We find that a constant slope B does not fit the data in the aforementioned t range, and we obtain a much better fit using a second-order polynomial for B(t). This is the first measurement below the LHC energies for which the non-constant behavior B(t) is observed. The t dependence of B is also determined using six subintervals of t in the STAR measured t range, and is in good agreement with the phenomenological models. The measured elastic differential cross section dσ/dt agrees well with the results obtained at s=540 GeV for proton–antiproton collisions by the UA4 experiment. We also determine that the integrated elastic cross section within the STAR t-range is σelfid=462.1±0.9(stat.)±1.1(syst.)±11.6(scale) μb.
Published: 2024
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6. Enhanced detection of African swine fever virus in samples with low viral load using digital PCR technology

Author: R. Yang, W.-G. Fu, J. Zhou, Y.-F. Zhang, L. Yang, H.-B. Yang, and L.-Z. Fu
Subjects: African swine fever virus, Droplet digital PCR, Quantitative PCR, Science (General), Q1-390, Social sciences (General), H1-99
Abstract: Detection of low viral load samples has long been a challenge for African swine fever (ASF) prevention and control. This study aimed to compare the detection efficacy of droplet digital PCR(ddPCR) and quantitative PCR(qPCR) for African swine fever virus (ASFV) at different viral loads, with a focus on assessing the accuracy of ddPCR in detecting low viral load samples. The results revealed that ddPCR had a detection limit of 1.97 (95% CI 1.48 – 4.12) copies/reaction and was 18.99 times more sensitive than qPCR (detection limit: 37.42, 95% CI 29.56 – 69.87 copies/reaction). In the quantification of high, medium, and low viral load samples, ddPCR showed superior stability with lower intra- (2.06% – 7.58%) and inter-assay (3.83% – 7.50%) coefficients of variation than those of qPCR (intra-assay: 8.08%–29.86%; inter-assay: 9.27%–34.58%). Bland-Altman analysis indicated acceptable consistency between ddPCR and qPCR for high and medium viral load samples; however, discrepancies were observed for low viral load samples, where two samples (2/24, 8.33%) exhibited deviations beyond the acceptable range (−46.18 copies/reaction). Moreover, ddPCR demonstrated better performance in detecting ASFV in clinical samples from asymptomatic pigs and environmental samples, with qPCR showing false negative rates of 7.69% (2/26) and 27.27% (12/44), respectively. McNemar analysis revealed significant differences between the two methods (P = 0.000) for samples with a viral load
Published: 2024
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7. Recent advances in machine learning for defects detection and prediction in laser cladding process

Author: X.C. Ji, R.S. Chen, C.X. Lu, J. Zhou, M.Q. Zhang, T. Zhang, H.L. Yu, Y.L. Yin, P.J. Shi, and W. Zhang
Subjects: Laser cladding, Machine learning, Defects detection, Artificial intelligence, Technology
Abstract: As a fundamental component of artificial intelligence, machine learning has gained considerable prominence within the domain of laser cladding in recent years. By employing algorithms to analyze data, discern patterns and regularities, rendering predictions and decisions, machine learning has significantly influenced various aspects of laser cladding processes. The emergence of defects during the cladding procedure poses substantial challenges for the quality and performance of the cladding layers. Addressing the reliability and reproducibility of cladding quality is a paramount concern within laser cladding technology. Leveraging data-driven machine learning algorithms enables the monitoring and detection of defects throughout the laser cladding process. Moreover, these algorithms offer avenues for feedback regulation of the cladding process, optimizing parameters, and mitigating cladding defects, thereby establishing this as a research frontier. This paper presents an overview of the typologies and formation mechanisms of defects encountered during laser cladding, elucidates the signal characteristics and expounds upon monitoring principles and methodologies employed within the laser cladding process. Additionally, it synthesizes advancements in machine learning methodologies for signal feature extraction, defect classification, and predictive modeling within the laser cladding process. Furthermore, it encapsulates prevalent machine learning models and algorithms employed for defect detection. The findings highlight the efficacy of machine learning algorithms in detecting defects within laser cladding coatings, while concurrently establishing correlations between feature signals, coating defects, and cladding processes. Presently, supervised learning algorithms dominate the landscape of research, yet the potential of unsupervised and semi-supervised learning algorithms, with their diminished data annotation requirements, garners increasing attention within the realm of laser cladding process monitoring. Collectively, the research findings delineate key focal points and avenues for future exploration within the realm of machine learning methodologies applied to laser cladding processes.
Published: 2025
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8. Energy dependence of intermittency for charged hadrons in Au+Au collisions at RHIC

Author: M.I. Abdulhamid, B.E. Aboona, J. Adam, L. Adamczyk, J.R. Adams, I. Aggarwal, M.M. Aggarwal, Z. Ahammed, D.M. Anderson, E.C. Aschenauer, S. Aslam, J. Atchison, V. Bairathi, W. Baker, J.G. Ball Cap, K. Barish, R. Bellwied, P. Bhagat, A. Bhasin, S. Bhatta, J. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, J.D. Brandenburg, X.Z. Cai, H. Caines, M. Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, D. Cebra, J. Ceska, I. Chakaberia, P. Chaloupka, B.K. Chan, Z. Chang, A. Chatterjee, D. Chen, J. Chen, J.H. Chen, Z. Chen, J. Cheng, Y. Cheng, S. Choudhury, W. Christie, X. Chu, H.J. Crawford, M. Csanád, G. Dale-Gau, A. Das, M. Daugherity, I.M. Deppner, A. Dhamija, L. Di Carlo, P. Dixit, X. Dong, J.L. Drachenberg, E. Duckworth, J.C. Dunlop, J. Engelage, G. Eppley, S. Esumi, O. Evdokimov, A. Ewigleben, O. Eyser, R. Fatemi, S. Fazio, C.J. Feng, Y. Feng, E. Finch, Y. Fisyak, F.A. Flor, C. Fu, C.A. Gagliardi, T. Galatyuk, T. Gao, F. Geurts, N. Ghimire, A. Gibson, K. Gopal, X. Gou, D. Grosnick, A. Gupta, W. Guryn, A. Hamed, Y. Han, S. Harabasz, M.D. Harasty, J.W. Harris, H. Harrison-Smith, W. He, X.H. He, Y. He, N. Herrmann, L. Holub, C. Hu, Q. Hu, Y. Hu, H. Huang, H.Z. Huang, S.L. Huang, T. Huang, X. Huang, Y. Huang, T.J. Humanic, D. Isenhower, M. Isshiki, W.W. Jacobs, A. Jalotra, C. Jena, A. Jentsch, Y. Ji, J. Jia, C. Jin, X. Ju, E.G. Judd, S. Kabana, M.L. Kabir, S. Kagamaster, D. Kalinkin, K. Kang, D. Kapukchyan, K. Kauder, D. Keane, M. Kelsey, Y.V. Khyzhniak, D.P. Kikoła, B. Kimelman, D. Kincses, I. Kisel, A. Kiselev, A.G. Knospe, H.S. Ko, L.K. Kosarzewski, L. Kramarik, L. Kumar, S. Kumar, R. Kunnawalkam Elayavalli, R. Lacey, J.M. Landgraf, J. Lauret, A. Lebedev, J.H. Lee, Y.H. Leung, N. Lewis, C. Li, W. Li, X. Li, Y. Li, Z. Li, X. Liang, Y. Liang, R. Licenik, T. Lin, Y. Lin, M.A. Lisa, C. Liu, F. Liu, G. Liu, H. Liu, L. Liu, T. Liu, X. Liu, Y. Liu, Z. Liu, T. Ljubicic, W.J. Llope, O. Lomicky, R.S. Longacre, E.M. Loyd, T. Lu, N.S. Lukow, X.F. Luo, L. Ma, R. Ma, Y.G. Ma, N. Magdy, D. Mallick, S. Margetis, C. Markert, H.S. Matis, J.A. Mazer, G. McNamara, K. Mi, S. Mioduszewski, B. Mohanty, M.M. Mondal, I. Mooney, A. Mukherjee, M.I. Nagy, A.S. Nain, J.D. Nam, M. Nasim, D. Neff, J.M. Nelson, D.B. Nemes, M. Nie, G. Nigmatkulov, T. Niida, R. Nishitani, T. Nonaka, G. Odyniec, A. Ogawa, S. Oh, K. Okubo, B.S. Page, R. Pak, J. Pan, A. Pandav, A.K. Pandey, T. Pani, A. Paul, B. Pawlik, D. Pawlowska, C. Perkins, J. Pluta, B.R. Pokhrel, M. Posik, T. Protzman, V. Prozorova, N.K. Pruthi, M. Przybycien, J. Putschke, Z. Qin, H. Qiu, A. Quintero, C. Racz, S.K. Radhakrishnan, N. Raha, R.L. Ray, R. Reed, H.G. Ritter, C.W. Robertson, M. Robotkova, M.A. Rosales Aguilar, D. Roy, P. Roy Chowdhury, L. Ruan, A.K. Sahoo, N.R. Sahoo, H. Sako, S. Salur, S. Sato, W.B. Schmidke, N. Schmitz, F.-J. Seck, J. Seger, R. Seto, P. Seyboth, N. Shah, P.V. Shanmuganathan, T. Shao, M. Sharma, N. Sharma, R. Sharma, S.R. Sharma, A.I. Sheikh, D. Shen, D.Y. Shen, K. Shen, S.S. Shi, Y. Shi, Q.Y. Shou, F. Si, J. Singh, S. Singha, P. Sinha, M.J. Skoby, N. Smirnov, Y. Söhngen, Y. Song, B. Srivastava, T.D.S. Stanislaus, M. Stefaniak, D.J. Stewart, B. Stringfellow, Y. Su, A.A.P. Suaide, M. Sumbera, C. Sun, X. Sun, Y. Sun, B. Surrow, Z.W. Sweger, P. Szymanski, A. Tamis, A.H. Tang, Z. Tang, T. Tarnowsky, J.H. Thomas, A.R. Timmins, D. Tlusty, T. Todoroki, C.A. Tomkiel, S. Trentalange, R.E. Tribble, P. Tribedy, T. Truhlar, B.A. Trzeciak, O.D. Tsai, C.Y. Tsang, Z. Tu, J. Tyler, T. Ullrich, D.G. Underwood, I. Upsal, G. Van Buren, J. Vanek, I. Vassiliev, V. Verkest, F. Videbæk, S.A. Voloshin, F. Wang, G. Wang, J.S. Wang, J. Wang, X. Wang, Y. Wang, Z. Wang, J.C. Webb, P.C. Weidenkaff, G.D. Westfall, D. Wielanek, H. Wieman, G. Wilks, S.W. Wissink, R. Witt, J. Wu, X. Wu, Y. Wu, B. Xi, Z.G. Xiao, G. Xie, W. Xie, H. Xu, N. Xu, Q.H. Xu, Y. Xu, Z. Xu, G. Yan, Z. Yan, C. Yang, Q. Yang, S. Yang, Y. Yang, Z. Ye, L. Yi, K. Yip, Y. Yu, H. Zbroszczyk, W. Zha, C. Zhang, D. Zhang, J. Zhang, S. Zhang, W. Zhang, X. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z.J. Zhang, Z. Zhang, F. Zhao, J. Zhao, M. Zhao, C. Zhou, J. Zhou, S. Zhou, Y. Zhou, X. Zhu, M. Zurek, and M. Zyzak
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: Density fluctuations near the QCD critical point can be probed via an intermittency analysis in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. We report the first measurement of intermittency in Au+Au collisions at sNN = 7.7-200 GeV measured by the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The scaled factorial moments of identified charged hadrons are analyzed at mid-rapidity and within the transverse momentum phase space. We observe a power-law behavior of scaled factorial moments in Au+Au collisions and a decrease in the extracted scaling exponent (ν) from peripheral to central collisions. The ν is consistent with a constant for different collisions energies in the mid-central (10-40%) collisions. Moreover, the ν in the 0-5% most central Au+Au collisions exhibits a non-monotonic energy dependence that reaches a minimum around sNN = 27 GeV. The physics implications on the QCD phase structure are discussed.
Published: 2023
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9. Elliptic flow of heavy-flavor decay electrons in Au+Au collisions at sNN = 27 and 54.4 GeV at RHIC

Author: M.I. Abdulhamid, B.E. Aboona, J. Adam, L. Adamczyk, J.R. Adams, I. Aggarwal, M.M. Aggarwal, Z. Ahammed, D.M. Anderson, E.C. Aschenauer, S. Aslam, J. Atchison, V. Bairathi, W. Baker, J.G. Ball Cap, K. Barish, R. Bellwied, P. Bhagat, A. Bhasin, S. Bhatta, J. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, J.D. Brandenburg, X.Z. Cai, H. Caines, M. Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, D. Cebra, J. Ceska, I. Chakaberia, P. Chaloupka, B.K. Chan, Z. Chang, A. Chatterjee, D. Chen, J. Chen, J.H. Chen, Z. Chen, J. Cheng, Y. Cheng, S. Choudhury, W. Christie, X. Chu, H.J. Crawford, M. Csanád, G. Dale-Gau, A. Das, M. Daugherity, I.M. Deppner, A. Dhamija, L. Di Carlo, L. Didenko, P. Dixit, X. Dong, J.L. Drachenberg, E. Duckworth, J.C. Dunlop, J. Engelage, G. Eppley, S. Esumi, O. Evdokimov, A. Ewigleben, O. Eyser, R. Fatemi, S. Fazio, C.J. Feng, Y. Feng, E. Finch, Y. Fisyak, F.A. Flor, C. Fu, C.A. Gagliardi, T. Galatyuk, F. Geurts, N. Ghimire, A. Gibson, K. Gopal, X. Gou, D. Grosnick, A. Gupta, W. Guryn, A. Hamed, Y. Han, S. Harabasz, M.D. Harasty, J.W. Harris, H. Harrison-Smith, W. He, X.H. He, Y. He, N. Herrmann, L. Holub, C. Hu, Q. Hu, Y. Hu, H. Huang, H.Z. Huang, S.L. Huang, T. Huang, X. Huang, Y. Huang, T.J. Humanic, D. Isenhower, M. Isshiki, W.W. Jacobs, A. Jalotra, C. Jena, A. Jentsch, Y. Ji, J. Jia, C. Jin, X. Ju, E.G. Judd, S. Kabana, M.L. Kabir, S. Kagamaster, D. Kalinkin, K. Kang, D. Kapukchyan, D. Keane, M. Kelsey, Y.V. Khyzhniak, D.P. Kikoła, B. Kimelman, D. Kincses, I. Kisel, A. Kiselev, A.G. Knospe, H.S. Ko, L.K. Kosarzewski, L. Kramarik, L. Kumar, S. Kumar, R. Kunnawalkam Elayavalli, R. Lacey, J.M. Landgraf, J. Lauret, A. Lebedev, J.H. Lee, Y.H. Leung, N. Lewis, C. Li, W. Li, X. Li, Y. Li, Z. Li, X. Liang, Y. Liang, R. Licenik, T. Lin, M.A. Lisa, C. Liu, F. Liu, G. Liu, H. Liu, L. Liu, T. Liu, X. Liu, Y. Liu, Z. Liu, T. Ljubicic, W.J. Llope, O. Lomicky, R.S. Longacre, E.M. Loyd, T. Lu, N.S. Lukow, X.F. Luo, L. Ma, R. Ma, Y.G. Ma, N. Magdy, D. Mallick, S. Margetis, C. Markert, H.S. Matis, J.A. Mazer, G. McNamara, K. Mi, S. Mioduszewski, B. Mohanty, M.M. Mondal, I. Mooney, A. Mukherjee, M.I. Nagy, A.S. Nain, J.D. Nam, M. Nasim, D. Neff, J.M. Nelson, D.B. Nemes, M. Nie, T. Niida, R. Nishitani, T. Nonaka, G. Odyniec, A. Ogawa, S. Oh, K. Okubo, B.S. Page, R. Pak, J. Pan, A. Pandav, A.K. Pandey, T. Pani, A. Paul, B. Pawlik, D. Pawlowska, C. Perkins, J. Pluta, B.R. Pokhrel, M. Posik, T. Protzman, V. Prozorova, N.K. Pruthi, M. Przybycien, J. Putschke, Z. Qin, H. Qiu, A. Quintero, C. Racz, S.K. Radhakrishnan, N. Raha, R.L. Ray, R. Reed, H.G. Ritter, C.W. Robertson, M. Robotkova, M.A. Rosales Aguilar, D. Roy, P. Roy Chowdhury, L. Ruan, A.K. Sahoo, N.R. Sahoo, H. Sako, S. Salur, S. Sato, W.B. Schmidke, N. Schmitz, F.-J. Seck, J. Seger, R. Seto, P. Seyboth, N. Shah, P.V. Shanmuganathan, T. Shao, M. Sharma, N. Sharma, R. Sharma, S.R. Sharma, A.I. Sheikh, D.Y. Shen, K. Shen, S.S. Shi, Y. Shi, Q.Y. Shou, F. Si, J. Singh, S. Singha, P. Sinha, M.J. Skoby, N. Smirnov, Y. Söhngen, Y. Song, B. Srivastava, T.D.S. Stanislaus, M. Stefaniak, D.J. Stewart, B. Stringfellow, Y. Su, A.A.P. Suaide, M. Sumbera, C. Sun, X. Sun, Y. Sun, B. Surrow, Z.W. Sweger, P. Szymanski, A. Tamis, A.H. Tang, Z. Tang, T. Tarnowsky, J.H. Thomas, A.R. Timmins, D. Tlusty, T. Todoroki, C.A. Tomkiel, S. Trentalange, R.E. Tribble, P. Tribedy, T. Truhlar, B.A. Trzeciak, O.D. Tsai, C.Y. Tsang, Z. Tu, J. Tyler, T. Ullrich, D.G. Underwood, I. Upsal, G. Van Buren, J. Vanek, I. Vassiliev, V. Verkest, F. Videbæk, S.A. Voloshin, F. Wang, G. Wang, J.S. Wang, X. Wang, Y. Wang, Z. Wang, J.C. Webb, P.C. Weidenkaff, G.D. Westfall, D. Wielanek, H. Wieman, G. Wilks, S.W. Wissink, R. Witt, J. Wu, X. Wu, Y. Wu, B. Xi, Z.G. Xiao, G. Xie, W. Xie, H. Xu, N. Xu, Q.H. Xu, Y. Xu, Z. Xu, G. Yan, Z. Yan, C. Yang, Q. Yang, S. Yang, Y. Yang, Z. Ye, L. Yi, K. Yip, Y. Yu, H. Zbroszczyk, W. Zha, C. Zhang, D. Zhang, J. Zhang, S. Zhang, W. Zhang, X. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z.J. Zhang, Z. Zhang, F. Zhao, J. Zhao, M. Zhao, C. Zhou, J. Zhou, S. Zhou, Y. Zhou, X. Zhu, M. Zurek, and M. Zyzak
Subjects: Heavy-flavor decay electron, Elliptic flow, Charm quark spatial diffusion coefficient, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: We report on new measurements of elliptic flow (v2) of electrons from heavy-flavor hadron decays at mid-rapidity (|y|
Published: 2023
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10. SINGLE-CELL TRANSCRIPTOMICS IDENTIFIES THE IMPAIRED ANTIFIBROTIC FUNCTION OF PULMONARY NK CELLS IN SEVERE COVID-19 PATIENTS

Author: Z. Wang, Y. Wang, Q. Yan, C. Yang, Y. Liu, W. Yang, J. Zhou, and J. Huang
Subjects: Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract: Intro: Pulmonary fibrosis has been reported as a common complication of severe COVID-19, especially in patients who have undergone ARDS or mechanical ventilation treatment. As innate lymphocytes, NK cells play important roles in antiviral immunity and inhibit the progression of organ fibrosis.The exploration of key NK populations will clarify their role in the progression of COVID-19 and provide crucial cues for the treatment of post-COVID pulmonary fibrosis. Methods: Single-cell transcriptome data from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of COVID-19 patients and healthy donors were analyzed on normalized expression matrices of all cells screened. After annotation according to the marker genes, NK cells were extracted for further clustering and subsequent analyses of gene expression profiling, gene set enrichment, and molecular interaction. Findings: Reduced-dimensional clustering showed that NK cells in BALF were divided into 10 subpopulations. Compared with healthy persons, NK cells in the lungs of COVID-19 patients showed higher activated features and up-regulation of IFN-related genes. However, the GZMs+PRF1+ subpopulation was only 30% of the total NK cells and highly expressed apoptotic genes of Bax and BCL2L11 in severe patients, which may lead to insufficiency and poor cytotoxicity. In severe patients, AREG+ subpopulation was enriched in the lungs and decreased the expression of TNFSF10, FasL, and CCR2, which indicated under-recruitment and impaired antifibrosis function. Conclusion: Our data showed that NK cells decreased in BALF of severe COVID-19 patients, especially the effector/cytotoxic NK subset very significantly decreased. The impaired activity of antifibrotic NK cells may be associated with collagen deposition and senescent cell accumulation in the lungs with severe SARS-COV-2 infection. Improving the antiviral function and antifibrosis ability may be valid measures to prevent severe COVID-19 and reduce fibrosis complications.
Published: 2023
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11. Search for the chiral magnetic effect in Au+Au collisions at sNN=27 GeV with the STAR forward event plane detectors

Author: B.E. Aboona, J. Adam, L. Adamczyk, J.R. Adams, I. Aggarwal, M.M. Aggarwal, Z. Ahammed, D.M. Anderson, E.C. Aschenauer, J. Atchison, V. Bairathi, W. Baker, J.G. Ball Cap, K. Barish, R. Bellwied, P. Bhagat, A. Bhasin, S. Bhatta, J. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, J.D. Brandenburg, X.Z. Cai, H. Caines, M. Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, D. Cebra, J. Ceska, I. Chakaberia, P. Chaloupka, B.K. Chan, Z. Chang, D. Chen, J. Chen, J.H. Chen, Z. Chen, J. Cheng, Y. Cheng, S. Choudhury, W. Christie, X. Chu, H.J. Crawford, M. Csanád, G. Dale-Gau, A. Das, M. Daugherity, I.M. Deppner, A. Dhamija, L. Di Carlo, L. Didenko, P. Dixit, X. Dong, J.L. Drachenberg, E. Duckworth, J.C. Dunlop, J. Engelage, G. Eppley, S. Esumi, O. Evdokimov, A. Ewigleben, O. Eyser, R. Fatemi, S. Fazio, C.J. Feng, Y. Feng, E. Finch, Y. Fisyak, F.A. Flor, C. Fu, C.A. Gagliardi, T. Galatyuk, F. Geurts, N. Ghimire, A. Gibson, K. Gopal, X. Gou, D. Grosnick, A. Gupta, W. Guryn, A. Hamed, Y. Han, S. Harabasz, M.D. Harasty, J.W. Harris, H. Harrison, W. He, X.H. He, Y. He, N. Herrmann, L. Holub, C. Hu, Q. Hu, Y. Hu, H. Huang, H.Z. Huang, S.L. Huang, T. Huang, X. Huang, Y. Huang, T.J. Humanic, D. Isenhower, M. Isshiki, W.W. Jacobs, A. Jalotra, C. Jena, A. Jentsch, Y. Ji, J. Jia, C. Jin, X. Ju, E.G. Judd, S. Kabana, M.L. Kabir, S. Kagamaster, D. Kalinkin, K. Kang, D. Kapukchyan, K. Kauder, H.W. Ke, D. Keane, M. Kelsey, Y.V. Khyzhniak, D.P. Kikoła, B. Kimelman, D. Kincses, I. Kisel, A. Kiselev, A.G. Knospe, H.S. Ko, L.K. Kosarzewski, L. Kramarik, L. Kumar, S. Kumar, R. Kunnawalkam Elayavalli, R. Lacey, J.M. Landgraf, J. Lauret, A. Lebedev, J.H. Lee, Y.H. Leung, N. Lewis, C. Li, W. Li, X. Li, Y. Li, Z. Li, X. Liang, Y. Liang, R. Licenik, T. Lin, M.A. Lisa, C. Liu, F. Liu, H. Liu, L. Liu, T. Liu, X. Liu, Y. Liu, Z. Liu, T. Ljubicic, W.J. Llope, O. Lomicky, R.S. Longacre, E. Loyd, T. Lu, N.S. Lukow, X.F. Luo, L. Ma, R. Ma, Y.G. Ma, N. Magdy, D. Mallick, S. Margetis, C. Markert, H.S. Matis, J.A. Mazer, G. McNamara, K. Mi, S. Mioduszewski, B. Mohanty, I. Mooney, A. Mukherjee, M.I. Nagy, A.S. Nain, J.D. Nam, Md. Nasim, D. Neff, J.M. Nelson, D.B. Nemes, M. Nie, T. Niida, R. Nishitani, T. Nonaka, A.S. Nunes, G. Odyniec, A. Ogawa, S. Oh, K. Okubo, B.S. Page, R. Pak, J. Pan, A. Pandav, A.K. Pandey, T. Pani, A. Paul, B. Pawlik, D. Pawlowska, C. Perkins, J. Pluta, B.R. Pokhrel, M. Posik, T. Protzman, V. Prozorova, N.K. Pruthi, M. Przybycien, J. Putschke, Z. Qin, H. Qiu, A. Quintero, C. Racz, S.K. Radhakrishnan, N. Raha, R.L. Ray, R. Reed, H.G. Ritter, C.W. Robertson, M. Robotkova, M.A. Rosales Aguilar, D. Roy, P. Roy Chowdhury, L. Ruan, A.K. Sahoo, N.R. Sahoo, H. Sako, S. Salur, S. Sato, W.B. Schmidke, N. Schmitz, F.-J. Seck, J. Seger, R. Seto, P. Seyboth, N. Shah, P.V. Shanmuganathan, M. Shao, T. Shao, M. Sharma, N. Sharma, R. Sharma, S.R. Sharma, A.I. Sheikh, D.Y. Shen, K. Shen, S.S. Shi, Y. Shi, Q.Y. Shou, F. Si, J. Singh, S. Singha, P. Sinha, M.J. Skoby, N. Smirnov, Y. Söhngen, Y. Song, B. Srivastava, T.D.S. Stanislaus, M. Stefaniak, D.J. Stewart, B. Stringfellow, Y. Su, A.A.P. Suaide, M. Sumbera, C. Sun, X. Sun, Y. Sun, B. Surrow, Z.W. Sweger, P. Szymanski, A. Tamis, A.H. Tang, Z. Tang, T. Tarnowsky, J.H. Thomas, A.R. Timmins, D. Tlusty, T. Todoroki, C.A. Tomkiel, S. Trentalange, R.E. Tribble, P. Tribedy, T. Truhlar, B.A. Trzeciak, O.D. Tsai, C.Y. Tsang, Z. Tu, T. Ullrich, D.G. Underwood, I. Upsal, G. Van Buren, J. Vanek, I. Vassiliev, V. Verkest, F. Videbæk, S.A. Voloshin, F. Wang, G. Wang, J.S. Wang, X. Wang, Y. Wang, Z. Wang, J.C. Webb, P.C. Weidenkaff, G.D. Westfall, D. Wielanek, H. Wieman, G. Wilks, S.W. Wissink, R. Witt, J. Wu, X. Wu, Y. Wu, B. Xi, Z.G. Xiao, W. Xie, H. Xu, N. Xu, Q.H. Xu, Y. Xu, Z. Xu, G. Yan, Z. Yan, C. Yang, Q. Yang, S. Yang, Y. Yang, Z. Ye, L. Yi, K. Yip, Y. Yu, H. Zbroszczyk, W. Zha, C. Zhang, D. Zhang, J. Zhang, S. Zhang, X. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z.J. Zhang, Z. Zhang, F. Zhao, J. Zhao, M. Zhao, C. Zhou, J. Zhou, S. Zhou, Y. Zhou, X. Zhu, M. Zurek, and M. Zyzak
Subjects: Chiral magnetic effect, Heavy-ion collisions, Beam energy scan, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: A decisive experimental test of the Chiral Magnetic Effect (CME) is considered one of the major scientific goals at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC) towards understanding the nontrivial topological fluctuations of the Quantum Chromodynamics vacuum. In heavy-ion collisions, the CME is expected to result in a charge separation phenomenon across the reaction plane, whose strength could be strongly energy dependent. The previous CME searches have been focused on top RHIC energy collisions. In this Letter, we present a low energy search for the CME in Au+Au collisions at sNN=27 GeV. We measure elliptic flow scaled charge-dependent correlators relative to the event planes that are defined at both mid-rapidity |η|
Published: 2023
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12. Beam energy dependence of the linear and mode-coupled flow harmonics in Au+Au collisions

Author: B.E. Aboona, J. Adam, J.R. Adams, G. Agakishiev, I. Aggarwal, M.M. Aggarwal, Z. Ahammed, A. Aitbaev, I. Alekseev, D.M. Anderson, A. Aparin, J. Atchison, G.S. Averichev, V. Bairathi, W. Baker, J.G. Ball Cap, K. Barish, P. Bhagat, A. Bhasin, S. Bhatta, I.G. Bordyuzhin, J.D. Brandenburg, A.V. Brandin, X.Z. Cai, H. Caines, M. Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, D. Cebra, J. Ceska, I. Chakaberia, B.K. Chan, Z. Chang, D. Chen, J. Chen, J.H. Chen, Z. Chen, J. Cheng, Y. Cheng, S. Choudhury, W. Christie, X. Chu, H.J. Crawford, M. Csanád, G. Dale-Gau, A. Das, M. Daugherity, T.G. Dedovich, I.M. Deppner, A.A. Derevschikov, A. Dhamija, L. Di Carlo, L. Didenko, P. Dixit, X. Dong, J.L. Drachenberg, E. Duckworth, J.C. Dunlop, J. Engelage, G. Eppley, S. Esumi, O. Evdokimov, A. Ewigleben, O. Eyser, R. Fatemi, S. Fazio, C.J. Feng, Y. Feng, E. Finch, Y. Fisyak, F.A. Flor, C. Fu, F. Geurts, N. Ghimire, A. Gibson, K. Gopal, X. Gou, D. Grosnick, A. Gupta, A. Hamed, Y. Han, M.D. Harasty, J.W. Harris, H. Harrison, W. He, X.H. He, Y. He, C. Hu, Q. Hu, Y. Hu, H. Huang, H.Z. Huang, S.L. Huang, T. Huang, X. Huang, Y. Huang, T.J. Humanic, D. Isenhower, M. Isshiki, W.W. Jacobs, A. Jalotra, C. Jena, Y. Ji, J. Jia, C. Jin, X. Ju, E.G. Judd, S. Kabana, M.L. Kabir, D. Kalinkin, K. Kang, D. Kapukchyan, K. Kauder, H.W. Ke, D. Keane, A. Kechechyan, M. Kelsey, B. Kimelman, D. Kincses, A. Kiselev, A.G. Knospe, H.S. Ko, L. Kochenda, A.A. Korobitsin, P. Kravtsov, L. Kumar, S. Kumar, R. Kunnawalkam Elayavalli, R. Lacey, J.M. Landgraf, A. Lebedev, R. Lednicky, J.H. Lee, Y.H. Leung, N. Lewis, C. Li, W. Li, X. Li, Y. Li, Z. Li, X. Liang, Y. Liang, T. Lin, C. Liu, F. Liu, H. Liu, L. Liu, T. Liu, X. Liu, Y. Liu, Z. Liu, T. Ljubicic, W.J. Llope, O. Lomicky, R.S. Longacre, E. Loyd, T. Lu, N.S. Lukow, X.F. Luo, V.B. Luong, L. Ma, R. Ma, Y.G. Ma, N. Magdy, D. Mallick, S. Margetis, H.S. Matis, J.A. Mazer, G. McNamara, K. Mi, N.G. Minaev, B. Mohanty, I. Mooney, D.A. Morozov, A. Mudrokh, A. Mukherjee, M.I. Nagy, A.S. Nain, J.D. Nam, Md. Nasim, D. Neff, J.M. Nelson, D.B. Nemes, M. Nie, G. Nigmatkulov, T. Niida, R. Nishitani, L.V. Nogach, T. Nonaka, A.S. Nunes, G. Odyniec, A. Ogawa, S. Oh, V.A. Okorokov, K. Okubo, B.S. Page, R. Pak, J. Pan, A. Pandav, A.K. Pandey, Y. Panebratsev, T. Pani, P. Parfenov, A. Paul, C. Perkins, B.R. Pokhrel, M. Posik, T. Protzman, N.K. Pruthi, J. Putschke, Z. Qin, H. Qiu, A. Quintero, C. Racz, S.K. Radhakrishnan, N. Raha, R.L. Ray, H.G. Ritter, C.W. Robertson, O.V. Rogachevsky, M.A. Rosales Aguilar, D. Roy, L. Ruan, A.K. Sahoo, N.R. Sahoo, H. Sako, S. Salur, E. Samigullin, S. Sato, W.B. Schmidke, N. Schmitz, J. Seger, R. Seto, P. Seyboth, N. Shah, E. Shahaliev, P.V. Shanmuganathan, M. Shao, T. Shao, M. Sharma, N. Sharma, R. Sharma, S.R. Sharma, A.I. Sheikh, D.Y. Shen, K. Shen, S.S. Shi, Y. Shi, Q.Y. Shou, F. Si, J. Singh, S. Singha, P. Sinha, M.J. Skoby, Y. Söhngen, Y. Song, B. Srivastava, T.D.S. Stanislaus, D.J. Stewart, M. Strikhanov, B. Stringfellow, Y. Su, C. Sun, X. Sun, Y. Sun, B. Surrow, D.N. Svirida, Z.W. Sweger, A. Tamis, A.H. Tang, Z. Tang, A. Taranenko, T. Tarnowsky, J.H. Thomas, D. Tlusty, T. Todoroki, M.V. Tokarev, C.A. Tomkiel, S. Trentalange, R.E. Tribble, P. Tribedy, O.D. Tsai, C.Y. Tsang, Z. Tu, T. Ullrich, D.G. Underwood, I. Upsal, G. Van Buren, A.N. Vasiliev, V. Verkest, F. Videbæk, S. Vokal, S.A. Voloshin, F. Wang, G. Wang, J.S. Wang, X. Wang, Y. Wang, Z. Wang, J.C. Webb, P.C. Weidenkaff, G.D. Westfall, H. Wieman, G. Wilks, S.W. Wissink, J. Wu, X. Wu, Y. Wu, B. Xi, Z.G. Xiao, W. Xie, H. Xu, N. Xu, Q.H. Xu, Y. Xu, Z. Xu, G. Yan, Z. Yan, C. Yang, Q. Yang, S. Yang, Y. Yang, Z. Ye, L. Yi, K. Yip, Y. Yu, W. Zha, C. Zhang, D. Zhang, J. Zhang, S. Zhang, X. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z.J. Zhang, Z. Zhang, F. Zhao, J. Zhao, M. Zhao, C. Zhou, J. Zhou, S. Zhou, Y. Zhou, X. Zhu, M. Zurek, and M. Zyzak
Subjects: Collectivity, Correlation, Shear viscosity, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: The linear and mode-coupled contributions to higher-order anisotropic flow are presented for Au+Au collisions at sNN = 27, 39, 54.4, and 200 GeV and compared to similar measurements for Pb+Pb collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The coefficients and the flow harmonics' correlations, which characterize the linear and mode-coupled response to the lower-order anisotropies, indicate a beam energy dependence consistent with an influence from the specific shear viscosity (η/s). In contrast, the dimensionless coefficients, mode-coupled response coefficients, and normalized symmetric cumulants are approximately beam-energy independent, consistent with a significant role from initial-state effects. These measurements could provide unique supplemental constraints to (i) distinguish between different initial-state models and (ii) delineate the temperature (T) and baryon chemical potential (μB) dependence of the specific shear viscosity ηs(T,μB).
Published: 2023
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13. An experimental and theoretical investigation of the effect of second-phase particles on grain growth during the annealing of hot-rolled AZ61 magnesium alloy

Author: M. Mohseni, A.R. Eivani, H. Vafaeenezhad, H.R. Jafarian, M.T. Salehi, and J. Zhou
Subjects: Magnesium, Hot rolling, Annealing, Recrystallization, Grain growth, Monte Carlo, Mining engineering. Metallurgy, TN1-997
Abstract: The mechanical properties of a magnesium alloy strongly depend on its grain structure. It is desirable to minimize grain growth during the post-forming annealing treatment, thereby minimizing the loss in strength while regaining ductility. In the present research, the annealing of the hot-rolled AZ61 Mg alloy at different temperatures for different times was performed to reveal the kinetics of grain growth, as affected by the precipitation or dissolution of second-phase particles. Three approaches, i.e., experimental, analytical modeling and atomistic simulation were taken and the results were compared. The predictions made from the analytical model and Monte Carlo simulation were both in acceptable agreement with experimental results in terms of the resultant grain sizes. However, the Monte Carlo simulation showed advantages over the analytical model. It was found that with increasing annealing temperature and holding time, the fraction of second-phase particles reduced, which strongly affected the kinetics of grain growth, limiting grain size and grain size homogeneity. The average grain sizes and the largest grain sizes were both taken as the characteristic parameters of the as-annealed microstructure. The results pointed out the importance of choosing an appropriate combination of annealing temperature and time in order to retain second-phase particles during annealing not only for preventing unrestricted grain growth but also for avoiding grain size inhomogeneity.
Published: 2021
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14. Measurement of HΛ4 and HeΛ4 binding energy in Au+Au collisions at sNN = 3 GeV

Author: M.S. Abdallah, B.E. Aboona, J. Adam, L. Adamczyk, J.R. Adams, J.K. Adkins, I. Aggarwal, M.M. Aggarwal, Z. Ahammed, D.M. Anderson, E.C. Aschenauer, M.U. Ashraf, J. Atchison, V. Bairathi, W. Baker, J.G. Ball Cap, K. Barish, A. Behera, R. Bellwied, P. Bhagat, A. Bhasin, J. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, J.D. Brandenburg, X.Z. Cai, H. Caines, M. Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, D. Cebra, I. Chakaberia, P. Chaloupka, B.K. Chan, Z. Chang, A. Chatterjee, S. Chattopadhyay, D. Chen, J. Chen, J.H. Chen, X. Chen, Z. Chen, J. Cheng, S. Choudhury, W. Christie, X. Chu, H.J. Crawford, M. Csanád, M. Daugherity, I.M. Deppner, A. Dhamija, L. Di Carlo, L. Didenko, P. Dixit, X. Dong, J.L. Drachenberg, E. Duckworth, J.C. Dunlop, J. Engelage, G. Eppley, S. Esumi, O. Evdokimov, A. Ewigleben, O. Eyser, R. Fatemi, F.M. Fawzi, S. Fazio, C.J. Feng, Y. Feng, E. Finch, Y. Fisyak, A. Francisco, C. Fu, C.A. Gagliardi, T. Galatyuk, F. Geurts, N. Ghimire, A. Gibson, K. Gopal, X. Gou, D. Grosnick, A. Gupta, W. Guryn, A. Hamed, Y. Han, S. Harabasz, M.D. Harasty, J.W. Harris, H. Harrison, S. He, W. He, X.H. He, Y. He, S. Heppelmann, N. Herrmann, E. Hoffman, L. Holub, C. Hu, Q. Hu, Y. Hu, H. Huang, H.Z. Huang, S.L. Huang, T. Huang, X. Huang, Y. Huang, T.J. Humanic, D. Isenhower, M. Isshiki, W.W. Jacobs, C. Jena, A. Jentsch, Y. Ji, J. Jia, K. Jiang, C. Jin, X. Ju, E.G. Judd, S. Kabana, M.L. Kabir, S. Kagamaster, D. Kalinkin, K. Kang, D. Kapukchyan, K. Kauder, H.W. Ke, D. Keane, M. Kelsey, Y.V. Khyzhniak, D.P. Kikoła, B. Kimelman, D. Kincses, I. Kisel, A. Kiselev, A.G. Knospe, H.S. Ko, L.K. Kosarzewski, L. Kramarik, L. Kumar, S. Kumar, R. Kunnawalkam Elayavalli, J.H. Kwasizur, R. Lacey, S. Lan, J.M. Landgraf, J. Lauret, A. Lebedev, J.H. Lee, Y.H. Leung, N. Lewis, C. Li, W. Li, X. Li, Y. Li, Z. Li, X. Liang, Y. Liang, R. Licenik, T. Lin, Y. Lin, M.A. Lisa, F. Liu, H. Liu, P. Liu, T. Liu, X. Liu, Y. Liu, T. Ljubicic, W.J. Llope, R.S. Longacre, E. Loyd, T. Lu, N.S. Lukow, X.F. Luo, L. Ma, R. Ma, Y.G. Ma, N. Magdy, D. Mallick, S. Margetis, C. Markert, H.S. Matis, J.A. Mazer, S. Mioduszewski, B. Mohanty, M.M. Mondal, I. Mooney, A. Mukherjee, M. Nagy, A.S. Nain, J.D. Nam, Md. Nasim, K. Nayak, D. Neff, J.M. Nelson, D.B. Nemes, M. Nie, T. Niida, R. Nishitani, T. Nonaka, A.S. Nunes, G. Odyniec, A. Ogawa, S. Oh, K. Okubo, B.S. Page, R. Pak, J. Pan, A. Pandav, A.K. Pandey, A. Paul, B. Pawlik, D. Pawlowska, C. Perkins, L.S. Pinsky, J. Pluta, B.R. Pokhrel, J. Porter, M. Posik, V. Prozorova, N.K. Pruthi, M. Przybycien, J. Putschke, Z. Qin, H. Qiu, A. Quintero, C. Racz, S.K. Radhakrishnan, N. Raha, R.L. Ray, R. Reed, H.G. Ritter, M. Robotkova, J.L. Romero, D. Roy, P. Roy Chowdhury, L. Ruan, A.K. Sahoo, N.R. Sahoo, H. Sako, S. Salur, S. Sato, W.B. Schmidke, N. Schmitz, B.R. Schweid, F-J. Seck, J. Seger, M. Sergeeva, R. Seto, P. Seyboth, N. Shah, P.V. Shanmuganathan, M. Shao, T. Shao, R. Sharma, A.I. Sheikh, D.Y. Shen, K. Shen, S.S. Shi, Y. Shi, Q.Y. Shou, E.P. Sichtermann, R. Sikora, J. Singh, S. Singha, P. Sinha, M.J. Skoby, N. Smirnov, Y. Söhngen, W. Solyst, Y. Song, B. Srivastava, T.D.S. Stanislaus, M. Stefaniak, D.J. Stewart, B. Stringfellow, A.A.P. Suaide, M. Sumbera, X.M. Sun, X. Sun, Y. Sun, B. Surrow, Z.W. Sweger, P. Szymanski, A.H. Tang, Z. Tang, T. Tarnowsky, J.H. Thomas, A.R. Timmins, D. Tlusty, T. Todoroki, C.A. Tomkiel, S. Trentalange, R.E. Tribble, P. Tribedy, S.K. Tripathy, T. Truhlar, B.A. Trzeciak, O.D. Tsai, C.Y. Tsang, Z. Tu, T. Ullrich, D.G. Underwood, I. Upsal, G. Van Buren, J. Vanek, I. Vassiliev, V. Verkest, F. Videbæk, S.A. Voloshin, F. Wang, G. Wang, J.S. Wang, P. Wang, X. Wang, Y. Wang, Z. Wang, J.C. Webb, P.C. Weidenkaff, G.D. Westfall, D. Wielanek, H. Wieman, S.W. Wissink, R. Witt, J. Wu, Y. Wu, B. Xi, Z.G. Xiao, G. Xie, W. Xie, H. Xu, N. Xu, Q.H. Xu, Y. Xu, Z. Xu, G. Yan, C. Yang, Q. Yang, S. Yang, Y. Yang, Z. Ye, L. Yi, K. Yip, Y. Yu, H. Zbroszczyk, W. Zha, C. Zhang, D. Zhang, J. Zhang, S. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z.J. Zhang, Z. Zhang, F. Zhao, J. Zhao, M. Zhao, C. Zhou, J. Zhou, Y. Zhou, X. Zhu, M. Zurek, and M. Zyzak
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: Measurements of mass and Λ binding energy of Λ4H and Λ4He in Au+Au collisions at sNN=3 GeV are presented, with an aim to address the charge symmetry breaking (CSB) problem in hypernuclei systems with atomic number A = 4. The Λ binding energies are measured to be 2.22±0.06(stat.)±0.14(syst.) MeV and 2.38±0.13(stat.)±0.12(syst.) MeV for Λ4H and Λ4He, respectively. The measured Λ binding-energy difference is 0.16±0.14(stat.)±0.10(syst.) MeV for ground states. Combined with the γ-ray transition energies, the binding-energy difference for excited states is −0.16±0.14(stat.)±0.10(syst.) MeV, which is negative and comparable to the value of the ground states within uncertainties. These new measurements on the Λ binding-energy difference in A = 4 hypernuclei systems are consistent with the theoretical calculations that result in ΔBΛ4(1exc+)≈−ΔBΛ4(0g.s.+)
Published: 2022
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15. Exosome-mediated transfer of MIF confers temozolomide resistance by regulating TIMP3/PI3K/AKT axis in gliomas

Author: Q.T. Wei, B.Y. Liu, H.Y. Ji, Y.F. Lan, W.H. Tang, J. Zhou, X.Y. Zhong, C.L. Lian, Q.Z. Huang, C.Y. Wang, Y.M. Xu, and H.B. Guo
Subjects: glioma, temozolomide resistance, exosomes, MIF, TIMP3, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract: Temozolomide (TMZ) resistance is an important cause of clinical treatment failure and poor prognosis in gliomas. Increasing evidence indicates that cancer-derived exosomes contribute to chemoresistance; however, the specific contribution of glioma-derived exosomes remains unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the role and underlying mechanisms of exosomal macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) on TMZ resistance in gliomas. We first demonstrated that MIF was upregulated in the exosomes of TMZ-resistant cells, engendering the transfer of TMZ resistance to sensitive cells. Our results indicated that exosomal MIF conferred TMZ resistance to sensitive cells through the enhancement of cell proliferation and the repression of cell apoptosis upon TMZ exposure. MIF knockdown enhanced TMZ sensitivity in resistant glioma cells by upregulating Metalloproteinase Inhibitor 3 (TIMP3) and subsequently suppressing the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Additionally, exosomal MIF promoted tumor growth and TMZ resistance of glioma cells in vivo, while IOS-1 (MIF inhibitor) promotes glioma TMZ sensitive in vivo. Taken together, our study demonstrated that exosome-mediated transfer of MIF enhanced TMZ resistance in glioma through downregulating TIMP3 and further activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, highlighting a prognostic biomarker and promising therapeutic target for TMZ treatment in gliomas.
Published: 2021
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16. The effect of addition of hardystonite on the strength, ductility and corrosion resistance of WE43 magnesium alloy

Author: A.R. Eivani, F. Tabatabaei, A.R. Khavandi, M. Tajabadi, M. Mehdizade, H.R. Jafarian, and J. Zhou
Subjects: Magnesium, Hardystonite, Nanocomposite, Friction stir processing, Corrosion properties, Mining engineering. Metallurgy, TN1-997
Abstract: A composite material based on the WE43 magnesium alloy and containing nano-sized hardystonite ceramic particles was processed by means of friction stir processing (FSP). Compressive strength and strain-at-failure of the WE43 alloy increased as a combined result of FSP and nanoparticle reinforcement. The results of potentiondynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests indicated that the corrosion mechanism of the nanocomposite is combination of uniform corrosion and localized pitting corrosion which is not different from the base metal. However, the corrosion rate is significantly decreased as a result of reduced localized corrosion of the base metal after FSP and the effect of hardystonite to reduce pitting corrosion. The polarization resistance is increased from 192.48 to 339.61 and 1318.12 Ω/cm2 by applying FSP on WE43 and addition of nano-sized hardystonite particles, respectively. Indeed, the fabricated nanocomposite shows significantly increased corrosion resistance. Enhanced strength, ductility and corrosion resistance were attributed to grain refinement in addition to the fragmentation and redistribution of second-phase particles in the magnesium matrix, occurring during FSP.
Published: 2021
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17. Applying multi-pass friction stir processing to refine the microstructure and enhance the strength, ductility and corrosion resistance of WE43 magnesium alloy

Author: A.R. Eivani, M. Mehdizade, S. Chabok, and J. Zhou
Subjects: Magnesium, Friction stir processing, Microstructure, Mechanical properties, Corrosion, Mining engineering. Metallurgy, TN1-997
Abstract: Magnesium alloys have many unique properties, mostly benefitting from the low density of magnesium. However, they are not competitive, when compared with other lightweight materials, such as aluminum alloys, particularly in ductility and corrosion resistance. There is a strong need to improve the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys. In the present research, friction stir processing (FSP) as a severe plastic deformation process was applied to the WE43 magnesium alloy. The effect of FSP up to 6 passes on the grain structure, second-phase particle distribution, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the alloy was investigated. It was found that a continuous network of second-phase particles was present at the grain boundaries, which was considered to be one of the main causes for the poor ductility of the alloy in the as-annealed state. By applying two passes of FSP, the grain structure was significantly refined, changing from an average grain size of 12.4 to 2.5 μm. By further FSP, the grain structure continued to refine to an average grain size of 1.4 μm after 4 passes and remained unchanged after 6 passes. However, the fragmentation and redistribution of second-phase particles continued to occur during the 4th and 6th passes of FSP. Because of these microstructural changes, the uniform strain to maximum stress and the strength of specimens gradually improved with increasing number of FSP passes. The corrosion resistance of the alloy was found to be improved by applying 6 passes of FSP, compared to that of the alloy in the initial as-annealed state, which was attributed to the fragmentation and redistribution of second-phase particles. By applying FSP, the uniformity of the protective passive layer was improved and, in the meantime, the intensity of micro-galvanic coupling leading to pitting corrosion was decreased.
Published: 2021
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18. Simulation of deformation and fracture initiation during equal channel angular pressing of AZ31 magnesium alloy with covered tube casing

Author: A.R. Eivani, S.M. Mirghasemi, S.H. Seyedein, J. Zhou, and H.R. Jafarian
Subjects: Finite element simulation, Equal channel angular pressing, Fracture, Magnesium, Workability, Mining engineering. Metallurgy, TN1-997
Abstract: The present research was aimed at lowering the deformation temperature by applying cover tube casing (CTC) to AZ31 magnesium alloy samples subjected to equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) without triggering surface defects and/or fracture. The Cockcroft-Latham (C & L) fracture model was incorporated into finite element simulation and the critical values for a fracture to occur were determined. The fracture was predicted for the samples deformed at 150, 175, and 200 °C without CTC and with CTC having thicknesses of 1 and 4 mm. The predictions of the model were verified with experimental data. It was found that the workability of AZ31 increased with increasing CTC thickness, as a result of a reduction in the maximum principal stress at the top surface, a uniform distribution of strains, and an increase in the critical damage. In practice, the use of CTC led to the possibility of a reduction in deformation temperature by 25 °C. A sound product with a homogeneous grain structure and a mean grain size of 11 μm was achieved at 175 °C. Thus, the ECAP working window for the alloy was enlarged with accompanying benefits in energy consumption, tooling life, and manufacturing costs.
Published: 2021
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19. Mid-infrared modulators integrating silicon and black phosphorus photonics

Author: L. Huang, B. Dong, Z.G. Yu, J. Zhou, Y. Ma, Y.-W. Zhang, C. Lee, and K.-W. Ang
Subjects: Black phosphorus, Modulator, Photodetector, Mid-infrared, Silicon photonics, On-chip integration, Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials, TA401-492
Abstract: Vast applications of mid-infrared await the realisation of integrated photonic systems for this unique spectrum. Despite its potential as a universal platform for diverse active functions in mid-infrared, black phosphorus (BP) photonics still lacks integrated modulators for completion. Here we realize a hybrid integration of mid-infrared BP modulator on silicon photonics waveguide. Through gating effect, the anisotropic absorption in armchair BP can be tuned for enabling efficient optical modulation spanning ∼3.85–4.1 μm. The integrated waveguide design further promotes light–BP interaction that achieves a modulation depth of ∼5 dB at a low bias of −4 V. Additionally, the active footprint of 225 μm2 and the switching energy of ∼2.6 pJ are remarkably smaller compared to traditional counterparts. Function diversity of such a platform is further verified by integrating BP photodetector and modulator. The combination of two-dimensional materials and silicon photonics manifests a versatile platform to realise high-performance optoelectronic devices for compact on-chip mid-infrared system.
Published: 2021
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20. Genome-wide association study reveals a quantitative trait locus and two candidate genes on Sus scrofa chromosome 5 affecting intramuscular fat content in Suhuai pigs

Author: B.B. Wang, L.M. Hou, W.D. Zhou, H. Liu, W. Tao, W.J. Wu, P.P. Niu, Z.P. Zhang, J. Zhou, Q. Li, R.H. Huang, and P.H. Li
Subjects: Association analysis, Marker, Meat quality, Pig breeding, Swine, Animal culture, SF1-1100
Abstract: Intramuscular fat content (IFC) is an essential quantitative trait of meat, affecting multiple meat quality indicators. A certain amount of IFC could not only improve the sensory score of pork but also increase the flavour, tenderness, juiciness and shelf-life. To dissect the genetic determinants of IFC, two methods, including genome-wide efficient mixed-model analysis (GEMMA) and linkage disequilibrium adjusted kinships (LDAKs), were used to carry out genome-wide association studies for IFC in Suhuai pig population. A total of 14 and 18 significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified by GEMMA and LDAK, respectively. The results of these two methods were highly consistent and all 14 significant SNPs in GEMMA were detected by LDAK. Seven of the 18 SNPs reached the genome-wide significance level (P
Published: 2021
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21. Novel genetic characterization and phenotype correlation in Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease based on Elongin C binding site: A large retrospective study

Author: H. Xie, K. Gong, L. Cai, J. Zhou, and K. Ma
Subjects: Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology, RC870-923, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Published: 2020
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22. A holistic contribution to fast innovation in electric vehicles: An overview of the DEMOBASE research project

Author: S. Herreyre, Z. Wang, A. Bordes, S. Korali, Z. Chen, Philippe Desprez, V. Lonrentz, G. Rigobert, J. Zhou, A. Dominget, Dongjiang Li, S. Benjamin, A. Lecocq, Guy Marlair, L.H.J. Raijmakers, S. Koffel, D.L. Danilov, Sébastien Laurent, J. Martin, M. Biasiotto, M. Belerrajoul, C. Siret, R. Introzzi, Peter H. L. Notten, E. Durling, N. Legrand, B. Truchot, S. Lamontarana, Julien Bernard, M. Dahmani, Perlo. P., L. Hamelin, Martin Petit, M. Massazza, W. Maurer, Publica, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Institute of Energy and Climate Research - Fundamental Electrochemistry ( IEK-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, SAFT [Bordeaux], Société des accumulateurs fixes et de traction (SAFT), Infineon, Tianjin Lishen Battery Joint-stock Co., Interactive Fully Electrical VehicleS (I-FEVS), IFP Energies nouvelles (IFPEN), Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Systems and Device Technology (Fraunhofer IISB), Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft), MODELON, Accurec, MA, European Project: 769900,DEMOBASE, Dynamics and Control for Electrified Automotive Systems, Control Systems, and EIRES System Integration
Subjects: Battery (electricity), Lithium-ion, Computer science, Process (engineering), 020209 energy, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Transportation, Context (language use), 02 engineering and technology, 7. Clean energy, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 11. Sustainability, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Battery electric vehicle, SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, EV manufacturing, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, Fail-safe design and testing, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Green vehicle, Battery pack, BEV, Automotive Engineering, Systems engineering, Key (cryptography), ddc:400, Safety, 0210 nano-technology, SDG 7 – Betaalbare en schone energie, Efficient energy use, Model
Abstract: International audience; This paper is a contribution to fasten integration of battery pack innovation in commercial Electric Vehicles (EV) through massive digitalization: a seamless process detailed for battery design, battery safety, and battery management. Selected results of studies carried out on the EV value chain from design to recycling steps are presented, highlighting the importance of seamless integration and holistic state of mind when designing EV. Association between experimental and numerical approaches for efficient innovative EV production is crucial to achieve easy commercialisation. Successful forecasting of aging and thermal runaway evolution from single cell failure at module level using such methods illustrates their great potential. Hardware key counterparts under development are also introduced and give an idea of future architecture of EV battery packs and overall improvement of EV energy efficiency. Finally, a flexible and easily modifiable solution for battery electric vehicle (BEV) that allows rapid and cost-effective integration of future innovation is presented. This paper globally illustrates key breakthroughs gained in the context of the collaborative research project named ‘DEMOBASE’, for DEsign and MOdelling for improved BAttery Safety and Efficiency successfully submitted for funding by the European Commission in response to a 2017 call dedicated to ‘Green Vehicles’ under the EU Horizon 2020 work programme “Smart, green and integrated transport”.
Published: 2022
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23. Contributors

Author: Nesma T. Aboulkhair, Stefan Becker, Michael Benoit, Federico Bosio, Piotr Breitkopf, Mathieu Brochu, Vedant Chahal, Dharmendra Chalasani, Felix Czwielong, Ali Cheloee Darabi, Charlotte de Formanoir, Kiarash Dogahe, Hugo Drexler, Mark Easton, Farzad Foadian, Thomas F. Geyer, Negar Gilani, Guo Dong Goh, Guo Liang Goh, Vinzenz Guski, Richard J.M. Hague, David K. Harrison, Rainer J. Hebert, Leonhard Hitzler, Amir Horr, Evgeniya Kabliman, Javad Kadkhodapour, Somayeh Khani, Alex Kingsbury, Thomas Klein, Robert Kremer, Johannes Kronsteiner, Jinghao Li, Wei Li, Roland E. Logé, Patrick Mehmert, Markus Merkel, Anooshe Sadat Mirhakimi, M.J. Mirzaali, Rajiv S. Mishra, Mohsen Mohammadi, Andrey Molotnikov, Hossein Montazerian, Erich Neubauer, Pascal Nicolay, Andreas Öchsner, Christof Ocker, Zinovieva Olga, Patrick O'Toole, Sandeep Patil, Chinmay Phutela, Balokhonov Ruslan, Felix Sajadi, Siegfried Schmauder, Dirk Schuhmann, Enes Sert, Nasim Shahriari, Swee Leong Sing, Robert Taylor, Saket Thapliyal, Christopher J. Tuck, Romanova Varvara, Ewald Werner, Roland Willmann, Wai Yee Yeong, A.A. Zadpoor, Dominic Zettel, Nanzhu Zhao, Yaoyao Fiona Zhao, J. Zhou, and Hanyu Zhu
Published: 2023
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24. Quality of AM implants in biomedical application

Author: M.J. Mirzaali, Nasim Shahriari, J. Zhou, and A.A. Zadpoor
Published: 2023
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25. Liver immune-related adverse effects of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors: A propensity score matched study with competing risk analyses

Author: J, Zhou, Y-L A, Chau, J W, Yoo, S, Lee, K, Ng, E C, Dee, T, Liu, A K C, Wai, Q, Zhang, and G, Tse
Subjects: Cell death, Lung Neoplasms, Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions, Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor, Apoptosis, Ligands, Risk Assessment, B7-H1 Antigen, Liver, Oncology, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Propensity Score, Cancer
Abstract: Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors, major classes of immune checkpoint inhibitors, are increasingly prescribed for different cancers. Data from Asian cohorts have been sparse [1], especially on the liver immune-related adverse effects [2]. We examined patients receiving PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitors until 31 August 2020 in Hong Kong. The methods are detailed in Supplementary Methods. A list of PD-1 and PD-L1 drugs and ICD-9 codes are listed in Supplementary Tables S1 and S2, respectively. Propensity score matching between PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitor users (1:3) with nearest neighbour search strategy was carried out. Initially, 2426 cancer patients were identified (Supplementary Figure S1). After exclusion, 1735 patients were included (64.78% males, median age 63.5 years old; PD-1 inhibitors: n = 1341, PD-L1 inhibitors: n = 394) (Supplementary Table S3). On follow-up (median: 262 days), 1120 patients died (64.5%) and 33 patients showed grade 3/4 hepatitis (1.90%) after PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor treatment. In the matched cohort, PD-L1 inhibitor use was associated with higher rates of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio 1.20, P = 0.0149) and grade 3/4 hepatitis (hazard ratio 3.53, P = 0.0044) compared with PD-1 inhibitor use (Supplementary Table S4). A previous study found that incidence of severe hepatitis was 8.6% in combination therapy using nivolumab and ipilimumab and 1% in monotherapy with either drug individually [3]. Another study found a higher incidence of 10.1% [4]. In our study, the incidence of severe hepatitis was lower. A possible explanation is that prior studies included patients with pre-existing grade 1 or 2 hepatitis [5], which were excluded in this study. Together, the incidence of grade 3/4 hepatitis was 1.9% after PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor treatment. PD-L1 inhibitor use was associated with a higher risk of grade 3/4 hepatitis compared with PD-1 inhibitor use after propensity score matching.
Published: 2022
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26. Contributors

Author: Gustavo Amaro Bittencourt, Xinhui Bao, Maria Giovana Binder Pagnoncelli, Yahui Bo, Pengfei Cheng, Ruirui Chu, Chicaiza-Ortiz Cristhian, Yanjun Dai, Júlio César de Carvalho, Lingkan Ding, Weiliang Dong, Yanzhang Feng, Chenjun He, Bo Hu, Min Jiang, Luiz Alberto Junior Letti, Xihui Kang, Susan Grace Karp, Kim Kley Valladares-Diestra, Jonathan T.E. Lee, Dongyi Li, Jingyi Li, Wangliang Li, Yang Li, Nelson Libardi Junior, Jun Wei Lim, Richen Lin, Haojie Liu, Kai-Chee Loh, Adenise Lorenci Woiciechowski, Yandu Lu, Liwen Luo, Tao Luo, Ariane Fátima Murawski de Mello, Jerry D Murphy, Nicholas Cheuk Him Ng, Qigui Niu, Luciana Porto de Souza Vandenberghe, Xiujuan Qian, Cristine Rodrigues, Roger Ruan, Zulma Sarmiento Vásquez, Fei Shen, Zhiqiang Shi, Carlos Ricardo Soccol, Liuying Song, Bing Song, Hailin Tian, Yen Wah Tong, To-Hung Tsui, David Wall, Haixia Wang, Endashaw Workie, Chao Xu, Lijie Xu, Xiaojun Yan, Miao Yan, Hairong Yuan, Le Zhang, Pengshuai Zhang, Jingxin Zhang, Tengyu Zhang, Jun Zhao, Mi Zhou, Chengxu Zhou, Kang Zhou, Jie Fu J. Zhou, and Jie Zhou
Published: 2022
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27. Microbial fermentation via genetically engineered microorganisms for production of bioenergy and biochemicals

Author: Kang Zhou and Jie Fu J. Zhou
Published: 2022
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28. Contributors

Author: A.C. Addison, M.M. Attallah, R. Benedictus, I. Bhamji, S. Błacha, J. Blackburn, A. Elrefaey, Richard Freeman, J. Hofstede, P. Johnson, A. Kwakernaak, Ho-Sung Lee, Gang Li, Min Liao, O.A. Ojo, R.A. Pethrick, A. Phillips, J. Poulis, M. Preuss, Guillaume Renaud, N.L. Richards, P.L. Threadgill, H.L. Tsai, K.R. Vishwakarma, P.C. Wang, M.St. Weglowski, T.T. Zhang, and J. Zhou
Published: 2021
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29. Advanced Strategies for Production of Natural Products in Yeast

Author: Yongjin J. Zhou, Lei Zhang, Shan Yang, and Ruibing Chen
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Computer science, Bioengineering, 02 engineering and technology, Review, Microbial Biotechnology, Natural (archaeology), Metabolic engineering, 03 medical and health sciences, Synthetic biology, chemistry.chemical_compound, Production (economics), lcsh:Science, Multidisciplinary, Natural product, Biological Sciences, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Yeast, Cofactor biosynthesis, Metabolic pathway, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Metabolic Engineering, lcsh:Q, Biochemical engineering, 0210 nano-technology, Biotechnology
Abstract: Natural products account for more than 50% of all small-molecule pharmaceutical agents currently in clinical use. However, low availability often becomes problematic when a bioactive natural product is promising to become a pharmaceutical or leading compound. Advances in synthetic biology and metabolic engineering provide a feasible solution for sustainable supply of these compounds. In this review, we have summarized current progress in engineering yeast cell factories for production of natural products, including terpenoids, alkaloids, and phenylpropanoids. We then discuss advanced strategies in metabolic engineering at three different dimensions, including point, line, and plane (corresponding to the individual enzymes and cofactors, metabolic pathways, and the global cellular network). In particular, we comprehensively discuss how to engineer cofactor biosynthesis for enhancing the biosynthesis efficiency, other than the enzyme activity. Finally, current challenges and perspective are also discussed for future engineering direction., Graphical Abstract, Biological Sciences; Bioengineering; Metabolic Engineering; Biotechnology; Microbial Biotechnology
Published: 2020

30. Hypokalemic Nephropathy

Author: Hima Bindu Yalamanchili, Sumeyye Calp-Inal, Xin J. Zhou, and Devasmita Choudhury
Subjects: 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Nephrology, 030232 urology & nephrology, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Nephrology Round
Published: 2018

31. Post transplant renal vein thrombosis, with successful thrombectomy and review of the literature

Author: Matthew Mulloy, Xin J Zhou, Salman Khan, Christie Gooden, Mark Lerman, Ali Khalil, and Lincoln Patel
Subjects: Kidney, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Renal vein thrombosis, medicine.disease, urologic and male genital diseases, Kidney transplant, Living donor, Post transplant, Article, Surgery, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine.anatomical_structure, surgical procedures, operative, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, cardiovascular system, Medicine, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, business, Thrombectomy
Abstract: Highlights • Post transplant renal vein thrombosis is uncommon. • Post transplant renal vein thrombosis is usually graft threatening. • Post renal vein thrombosis rarely successfully treated. • Early diagnosis is essential. • Surgical thrombectomy with irrigation(TPA) of allograft after ex-plant and re-implant saved allograft., Introduction Renal vein thrombosis post kidney transplant is a rare but graft threatening event. RVT is reported in 0.3–4.2% of kidney transplants. When occurring early post transplant, prior to development of collateral venous outflow, may be catastrophic with loss of the allograft or even death. Anatomic abnormalities or technical problems during surgery are common causes. Early diagnosis and urgent treatment are necessary but often unsuccessful. Presentation of case: We report a patient with residual function in a failing allograft who developed RVT in a living donor preemptive kidney transplant. Discussion We review the literature regarding renal vein thrombosis following kidney transplant. Conclusion Prompt diagnosis and immediate surgicathrombectomy after ex-planting allograft with subsequent re-implanting the allograft was successful.
Published: 2019

32. Repurposing peroxisomes for microbial synthesis for biomolecules

Author: Jiaoqi Gao and Yongjin J. Zhou
Subjects: Metabolic engineering, 0303 health sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Synthetic biology, Chemistry, 030303 biophysics, Substrate channeling, Organelle, Computational biology, Peroxisome, Compartmentalization (psychology), Repurposing, Function (biology)
Abstract: Microbial synthesis represents an alternative approach for the sustainable production of chemicals, fuels, and medicines. However, construction of biosynthetic pathways always suffers from side reactions, toxicity of intermediates, or low efficiency of substrate channeling. Subcellular compartmentalization may contribute to a more efficient production of target products by reducing side reactions and toxic effects within a compact insular space. The peroxisome, a type of organelle that is involved in catabolism of fatty acids and reactive oxygen species, has attracted a great deal of attention in the construction of eukaryotic cell factories with little impact on essential cellular function. In this chapter, we will systematically review recent advances in peroxisomal compartmentalization for microbial production of valuable biomolecules. Additionally, detailed experimental designs and protocols are also described. We hope a comprehensive understanding of peroxisomes will promote their application in metabolic engineering and synthetic biology.
Published: 2019
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33. Fragment-Based Drug Design: Strategic Advances and Lessons Learned

Author: H. Chen, X. Zhou, Y. Gao, and J. Zhou
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Engineering, business.industry, Drug discovery, Fragment-based lead discovery, Drug design, Nanotechnology, Data science, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, 0302 clinical medicine, Fragment (logic), 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, business, Construct (philosophy)
Abstract: Over the past two decades, high-throughput screening (HTS) has played a vital role in discovering new chemical leads. Due to the inherent defects and limitations associated with HTS, there exist high attrition rates. Fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD) has emerged as an efficient method to construct leads from weak-affinity fragments, which involves detecting weak fragment–target protein interactions using fragment-based screening (FBS) approaches. In this article, we discuss various FBS assays, compare their advantages and disadvantages, and stress the core principle of orthogonal validation and lead generation. The strategic advances in FBDD and lessons learned from success cases are also presented.
Published: 2017
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34. List of Contributors

Author: S. Acar, M.D. Adams, N. Ahern, A.U. Akcil, C. Aldrich, J.E. Angove, E. Asselin, M.G. Aylmore, J.Y. Baron, P. Bateman, G. Beale, M.M. Botz, P. Breuer, N. Briggs, A.R.G. Brown, A. Charitos, Y. Choi, S.L. Chryssoulis, A.P. Cole, M. Costello, F.K. Crundwell, G. Deschênes, X. Díaz, D. Donato, D.B. Dreisinger, R. Dunne, S. Ellis, C.J. Ferron, S. Flatman, C.A. Fleming, M. Fullam, A. Götz, S. Gray, B. Green, N. Greenwald, Y. Gu, J. Güntner, F. Habashi, J. Hammerschmidt, R.J. Holmes, D.G. Hulbert, M. Jeffrey, E. Johanson, J. Johnson, D.W. Kappes, B. Kerstiens, M. Kotze, G. Kyriakakis, H. Lacy, G. Lane, G.T. Lapidus, A. Laplante, D. Lunt, J. Mackenzie, T.J. Manning, M.L. McCaslin, J. McMullen, P. Messenger, M. Millard, J.D. Miller, P. Miller, J. Mitchell, M.B. Mooiman, J.B. Mosher, T.I. Mudder, A. Muir, J. Muller, N.D. Overdevest, M.S. Pearson, M. Reuter, D. Rogers, P. Rohner, A. Ryan, C. Sabbagha, B. Sceresini, R. Shaw, L. Simpson, H. Smith, W.P. Staunton, D. Stephenson, K.G. Thomas, A. van Schaik, M. Virnig, R. Walton, R.-Y. Wan, J. Wates, B. Watson, T. Weeks, D. Williams, and J. Zhou
Published: 2016
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35. Geometallurgical Characterization and Automated Mineralogy of Gold Ores

Author: J. Zhou and Y. Gu
Subjects: Mining engineering, QEMSCAN, Automated mineralogy, Mineral identification, Gold ore, Extractive metallurgy, Mineral processing, Geology, Representative sampling, Geometallurgy
Abstract: The extractive metallurgy of gold ores is largely driven by their grade and mineralogy. The concentration of gold in the Earth's crust and mantle is extremely low and highly variable, resulting in ore variability in many gold and copper–gold deposits. More importantly, gold in an ore may occur in two or three forms (i.e., microscopic gold, submicroscopic gold, and surface gold), making gold ore processing extremely challenging. The objective of gold geometallurgy is to reduce and minimize the technical risk in project evaluation, plant design, mine planning, and production forecasting through geometallurgical modeling, representative sampling, and subsequent systematic mineralogical and metallurgical test work. Geometallurgy is a technique to document variability within an orebody and quantify and evaluate the impact of many factors influenced by geology and mineralogy, on grinding, flotation, leaching, and metal recovery processes. Automated mineralogy is an important technique used widely by the minerals industry and research institutes in ore characterization, and commercialized in the form of techniques such as mineral liberation analysis (MLA), QEMSCAN, and more recently Advanced Mineral Identification and Characterization System (AMICS). It generally uses scanning electron microscopy hardware as a platform, combined with sophisticated software to provide information on mineral speciation, composition, liberation, association, size distribution, and metal balance. It plays an important role in geometallurgical projects, including those of gold ores. This chapter provides an overview of geometallurgy and automated mineralogy fundamentals and application in gold ore processing, with a focus being on the ore characterization.
Published: 2016
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36. Sports bras and breast kinetics

Author: Winnie Yu and J. Zhou
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Engineering, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, business.industry, medicine, business, human activities, Simulation
Abstract: Previous motion studies have shown sufficient evidence to confirm that sports bras are effective in reducing excessive breast movement and avoiding discomfort during physical activities. However, little work has investigated the effects of fabrics, structure, components, and design features on the function and comfort of sports bras. This chapter provides a thorough review of the literature on various aspects of sports bras and the major studies of breast motion to inspire future development in this niche area of research.
Published: 2016
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37. List of contributors

Author: Y. Cai, L. Chen, C.Y. Hui, F. Lau, N. Luk, S.P. Ng, L. Wu, K.L. Yick, J. Yip, W. Yu, and J. Zhou
Published: 2016
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38. List of contributors

Author: K.A. Athanasiou, L. Baldino, G. Cesare, W. Chang, M. Chen, D. Chen, M. Chong, D. Dorcemus, M.G. Dunn, E. Francois, J.W. Freeman, N. Ganesh, T.L. Haut Donahue, L. He, J.O. Hollinger, J.C. Hu, E. Jabbari, N. Jiang, T. Karimi, A. Khademhosseini, K.Y. Kong, A.N. Koppes, S.G. Kumbar, A.L. Kwansa, L.M. Larkin, S. Lee, P. Lee, J. Lim, Y. Liu, H.H. Lu, M.B. Lyles, N. Maffulli, J.J. Mao, A.D. Mazzocca, M. McAree, A.R. Merriam, S. Moeinzadeh, L.S. Nair, S. Nair, S. Nukavarapu, J.M. Patel, H.M. Pauly, M.S. Peach, D. Qu, D. Ramos, E. Reverchon, C.L. Ricupero, S.H. Teoh, D.M. Thompson, K.W. VanDusen, V.G. Varanasi, C. Wang, H. Xing, G. Yang, X. Yu, C. Zhou, J. Zhou, and Y. Zhou
Published: 2015
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39. Cells for musculoskeletal tissue engineering

Author: K.Y. Kong, C. Wang, G. Yang, C. Zhou, J.J. Mao, M. Chen, Christopher L. Ricupero, S. Lee, L. He, Dongfeng Chen, Y. Zhou, H. Xing, J. Zhou, and N. Jiang
Subjects: Endothelial stem cell, Induced stem cells, Immunology, Clinical uses of mesenchymal stem cells, Stem cell, Progenitor cell, Biology, Regenerative medicine, Stem cell transplantation for articular cartilage repair, Adult stem cell, Cell biology
Abstract: Central to the field of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering is the ability to manipulate stem/progenitor cells for the benefit of regeneration of tissues and organs. This chapter describes stem/progenitor cell types that have been utilized in the regeneration of musculoskeletal tissues. Pluripotent stem cells can produce all three germ layers, although their safe and reproducible differentiation into specific tissue lineages of mesoderm cells such as osteoblasts, tenocytes, or chondrocytes is not yet well delineated. Mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSCs) from bone marrow, periosteum, adipose, and other sources have been used broadly not only for repair of musculoskeletal defects, but also other disease models such as diabetes, myocardial ischemia, stroke, and graft-versus-host disease. The behavior of stem/progenitor cells is governed by signaling cues including growth factors and transcriptional factors, and increasingly demonstrated by biomaterials that modulate cell–cell interactions and tissue oxygenation. In this chapter, we critically evaluate current literature on stem/progenitor cells and their regulatory cues in musculoskeletal tissue engineering.
Published: 2015
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40. Developments in pulsed and continuous wave laser welding technologies

Author: J. Zhou and H.L. Tsai
Subjects: Heat-affected zone, Filler metal, Materials science, law, Metallurgy, Weld pool, Mechanical engineering, Laser beam welding, Cold welding, Welding, Electric resistance welding, Gas metal arc welding, law.invention
Abstract: This chapter first describes the history and current status of the laser welding technology. Then, fundamentals of laser welding, such as keyhole formation and collapse, laser-plasma interaction, weld pool dynamics, porosity formation mechanisms, metal melting and solidification, etc., are elaborated. Finally, new developments in laser welding such as hybrid laser-arc welding, multi-beam laser welding, electromagnetically assisted laser welding, and future challenges and development of laser welding are discussed.
Published: 2013
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41. Contributor contact details

Author: M.C. Chaturvedi, R. Freeman, M.M. Attallah, M. Preuss, J. Blackburn, J. Zhou, H.L. Tsai, P.C. Wang, O.A. Ojo, N.L. Richards, G. Li, G. Shi, N.C. Bellinger, P. Johnson, A. Kwakernaak, J. Hofstede, J. Poulis, R. Benedictus, R.A. Pethrick, H.-S. Lee, and A. Elrefaey
Published: 2012
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42. A study of four fermion processes at LEP

Author: P. Marchesini, M. MacDermott, M. A. Niaz, T. Angelescu, R. Malik, G. Landi, S. X. Wu, Simone Paoletti, Manjit Kaur, Ming Zeng, X. R. Shi, Daqiang Zhang, H. Anderhub, W. van Rossum, P. Extermann, J. Busenitz, J. M. Lubbers, M. Caria, Felicitas Pauss, L. Romero, Raffaello D'Alessandro, D. DiBitonto, M. Röhner, S. Rosier-Lees, R. Barillère, Christoph Schäfer, I. Leedom, B. Z. Yang, H. Hofer, K. L. Tung, Yu. Kamyshkov, Adrian Biland, A. Koulbardis, Ph. Rosselet, Wt Lin, D.W. Schmitz, G. Pascale, G.G.G. Massaro, C. Leggett, Claudio Luci, M. Guanziroli, Robert Clare, Leonardo Merola, W. G. Ma, Thomas Hebbeker, Paul Lecoq, R. W. Kraemer, M. Napolitano, I. Josa-Mutuberria, P. Le Coultre, H. S. Chen, J. G. Xu, L. Servoli, S. J. Fan, M. Fukushima, G.B. Mills, Maurizio Biasini, L. Urbán, Giovanni Ambrosi, M. Bourquin, S. Röhner, F. Wittgenstein, Zhuoxiang Ren, Y. J. Pei, Roberto Battiston, D. J. Schotanus, J. P. Martin, F. Ferroni, I. Vorobiev, Y. Zeng, J. M. You, L. Ludovici, M. Steuer, G. Forconi, J. Weber, K. Hangarter, C. G. Yang, Peter Denes, Paolo Bagnaia, K. Strauch, M. Lenti, Stefan Roth, E. Drago, T. Azemoon, R. T. Van de Walle, V. Koutsenko, A. Nadtochy, Egidio Longo, P. Zemp, R. de Asmundis, V. R. Krastev, Marta Felcini, K. Banicz, J. K. Kim, R. Starosta, D. Perret-Gallix, D. Luckey, W. Lu, Steven Ahlen, E. Shumilov, A. Marin, G. M. Bilei, Gy L. Bencze, G. A. Yang, A. C. Weber, A. Engler, M. M. Ilyas, V. Shoutko, J. M. Le Goff, B. C. Riemers, Reinhard W. Schulte, K. S. Kumar, D. H. Wright, N. Gheordanescu, M. Capell, D. Boutigny, W. Kittel, A. Arefiev, A. Adam, T. Paul, Francesco Becattini, I. Scott, Marcos Cerrada, S. C. Tonwar, Andrea Contin, J. C. Sens, G. S. Sanders, Andre Sopczak, Gerard Fernandez, M. Tonutti, P. G. Seiler, J. A. Rubio, H. S. Fesefeldt, Y. Mi, R. Fabbretti, Gerjan Bobbink, B. Borgia, H. R. Dimitrov, M. T. Choi, Frank Filthaut, M. Möller, O. Fackler, R. Weill, Francesca Nessi-Tedaldi, K. N. Qureshi, W. Friebel, F. Cesaroni, J. Y. Liao, Thomas Ferguson, Axel König, M. Hebert, E. Valente, M. Wadhwa, Panos A Razis, Jozsef Toth, A. L. Anderson, F. Marion, J. D. Burger, H. F. Chen, A. Buytenhuijs, A. Gougas, Bolek Wyslouch, J. Ulbricht, Georgi Sultanov, T. S. Dai, G. Mirabelli, Yu. Galaktionov, Emilio Leonardi, G. Rahal-Callot, J. F. Zhou, R. A. Khan, B. P. Roe, C. Wang, J. Alcaraz, D. McNally, E. Gonzalez, S. Patricelli, Stefan Kirsch, Marco Meschini, Elisabetta Gallo, R. Bock, O. Toker, A. Lebedev, D. Kirkby, K. Riles, Dong-Chul Son, T. Kramer, E. Dénes, R. Sehgal, Pierluigi Paolucci, H. El Mamouni, J. J. Blaising, Chenjie Gu, Q. Ye, Chenliang Wang, J. Berdugo, F. Cotorobai, Stefano Giagu, P. Schmitz, K. Lübelsmeyer, Piero Spillantini, M. Gailloud, P. Arce, G. Schwering, G. Viertel, I. Clare, F. J. Rodriguez, F. Marzano, G. Coignet, W. Krenz, V. P. Andreev, H. R. Gustafson, Christopher George Tully, G. Chiefari, D. Z. Shen, S. Shevchenko, S. Reucroft, E. Nagy, F. Plasil, Mariagrazia Alviggi, C. F. He, D. Goujon, K. Schultze, H. Suter, J. M. Ma, Mingshui Chen, Luca Lista, S. Shotkin, K. Freudenreich, Helmut Vogel, M. Chemarin, J. A. Bakken, M. Sassowsky, Wolfgang Lohmann, H. Vogt, B. Bertucci, Samuel C.C. Ting, G. F. Susinno, Cheng Chen, A. Mihul, S. C. Kim, M. Pauluzzi, S. Morganti, A. Bujak, Oliver Kornadt, M. Pohl, F. Behner, G. M. Chen, Vincenzo Innocente, L. Fredj, J. Schwenke, F. C. Erné, Nicanor Colino, M. L. Brooks, I. Vetlitsky, D. Lanske, W. J. Burger, Andrea Baschirotto, C. Zaccardelli, D. Fernandez, Kajari Mazumdar, D. Ren, X. Y. Cui, Yuehong Xie, Roberto Castello, A. Kasser, Y. F. Wang, R. Leiste, P. Vikas, S. Costantini, L. Martinez-Laso, Christoph Paus, G. Passaleva, J. Shukla, G. Tsipolitis, A. A. Vorobyoy, S. Khokhar, T.R. McMahon, S. Müller, A. A. Syed, W. W. Kinnison, S. C. Yeh, U. Vikas, Guofan Hu, L. J. Gutay, Z. M. Wang, A. Atamanchuk, M. S. Sarakinos, S. Lanzano, Yanwen Liu, M. Rescigno, C. Maña, O. Adriani, U. Becker, I. C. Brock, D. Gele, Xd Cai, M. Bosetti, C. Dionisi, B. Monteleoni, T. E. Coan, J. G. Branson, F. Sticozzi, A. Pevsner, Pablo Garcia-Abia, K. Sudhakar, Lucas Taylor, Lamberto Luminari, S. Easo, Alain Hervé, Davide Piccolo, I. Duran, Z. W. Yin, J. S. Lee, S. N. Ganguli, V. Plyaskin, M. Fabre, M. Schneegans, D. M. Lee, M. Yzerman, A. Bay, Sabine Riemann, S. Wynhoff, C-Q. Li, A. Degré, J. B. Ye, Carlo Civinini, Marcella Diemoz, R. Morand, Z. L. Xue, O. Rind, M. Maolinbay, G. Raven, F. J. Eppling, G. J. Zhou, L. W. Jones, Howard A. Stone, M. Rattaggi, M. T. Dova, M. Aguilar-Benitez, J. Mnich, R. C. Ball, Herwig Schopper, Y. G. Kim, V. K. Gupta, Jun Guo, Pierre Lecomte, D. P. Stickland, G. Sartorelli, B. Lindemann, H. Postema, M. White, Y. H. Chang, D. S. Yan, H. O. Cohn, L. Antonov, George Alverson, S. M. Ting, A. Rubbia, Werner Lustermann, Y. Mir, C. H. Ye, J. S. Kapustinsky, D. Pandoulas, Marcel Merk, X. T. Cui, S. Ro, T. Spickermann, J. Perrier, A. Krivshich, Michael Dittmar, Bernard Ille, J. D. Swain, P. McBride, R. Bizzarri, J. Bao, H. A. Rizvi, Gianpaolo Carlino, F. DeNotaristefani, A. Böhm, A. Kunin, J. M. Salicio, Hafeez R Hoorani, W. Y. Chen, W. J. Metzger, S. Goldfarb, J. T. He, F. L. Linde, S. Pensotti, Valery Schegelsky, Antonino Zichichi, Ph Fisher, H. Rykaczewski, Giovanni Organtini, Y. Karyotakis, S. Chung, P.V.K.S. Baba, Attilio Santocchia, Jean Fay, M. Dhina, Z. Y. Lin, N. Yunus, P. Berges, R. Mount, B. L. Betev, Ren-Yuan Zhu, Luciano Barone, A. Nippe, G. Gratta, D. Duchesneau, Alexander Malinin, X. L. Wang, A. Gurtu, A. M. Cartacci, R. Raghavan, Els Koffeman, H. J. Schreiber, Laurent Vuilleumier, Z. F. Gong, E. Brambilla, Z. Z. Xu, J. Wenninger, V. Pojidaev, A. Hasan, H. Kuijten, M. N. Kienzle-Focacci, R. Rosmalen, J. Behrens, V. Soulimov, A. Tsaregorodtsev, P. J. Li, K. Y. Lee, P. Lebrun, BT Bouwens, Guo-Ming Chen, U. Uwer, A. Chen, J. Salicio, M. Gruenewald, U. K. Chaturvedi, Y. S. Lu, J. H. Field, C. Y. Chien, A. Kirkby, Dimitri Bourilkov, N. E. Moulai, E. Fiandrini, Luca Malgeri, G. Sauvage, Z. D. Qi, Harvey B Newman, K. Hilgers, L. Djambazov, Konrad Deiters, M. Vivargent, M. Sachwitz, Alberto Aloisio, A. Ricker, X. W. Tang, I. Sheer, P. A. Piroué, B. Zhou, B. C.C. van der Zwaan, Tariq Aziz, Crisostomo Sciacca, Marco Pieri, C. Neyer, P. G. Rancoita, B. N. Jin, H. Nowak, W. Wallraff, T. J. Wenaus, S. Banerjee, Zp Zhang, G. Terzi, D. Antreasyan, Qi An, P. Kapinos, P. Duinker, Simonetta Gentile, A. Klimentov, H. Janssen, Kenneth Francis Read, L. Z. Sun, D. Hauschildt, Jianming Qian, G. Hu, Carlos Willmott, Speranza Falciano, H. T. Li, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), CMS, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I Lyon), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), L3, and IHEF (IoP, FNWI)
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Luminosity (scattering theory), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Electron–positron annihilation, Monte Carlo method, Elementary particle, Fermion, 01 natural sciences, Standard Model, Nuclear physics, Recoil, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], High Energy Physics::Experiment, 010306 general physics, Particle Physics - Experiment, Bhabha scattering
Abstract: We have studied the four-fermion processes ee → eeee, eeμμ, eeττ, μμμμ, μμττ, eeqq and μμqq with the L3 detector at LEP. For an integrated luminosity of 36 pb-, corresponding to 960 000 hadronic Z decays, we find a total of 67 candidate events. The rate and kinematical distributions are found to be consistent with first order Monte Carlo calculations based on the Standard Model. No significant structure is seen in the dilepton invariant or recoil mass spectra. © 1994.
Published: 1994
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43. Determination of the effective electroweak mixing angle from Z decays

Author: R. Fabbretti, H. Anderhub, Lamberto Luminari, Luca Lista, D. Fernandez, Yanwen Liu, S. Pensotti, Valery Schegelsky, E. Dénes, R. Sehgal, Sabine Riemann, Ren-Yuan Zhu, Luciano Barone, F. C. Erné, B. P. Roe, C. Wang, M. MacDermott, R. Weill, Ph Fisher, R. C. Ball, H. Rykaczewski, Giovanni Organtini, G. Sartorelli, Y. Karyotakis, A. L. Anderson, M. A. Niaz, F. Marion, J. F. Zhou, K. Mazumdar, Roberto Castello, Yu. Kamyshkov, P. Extermann, S. Chung, P.V.K.S. Baba, Attilio Santocchia, Jean Fay, Dimitri Bourilkov, C. Neyer, P. Lecomte, I. Leedom, B. Z. Yang, P. Vikas, R. Barillère, M. Dhina, D. Boutigny, Marco Meschini, H. Hofer, C. Warner, A. Arefiev, K. L. Tung, G. B. Mills, A. Lebedev, G. Tsipolitis, R. Klöckner, D. Kirkby, A. Gurtu, P. G. Rancoita, Els Koffeman, H. J. Schreiber, Werner Lustermann, C. G. Yang, B. N. Jin, H. Nowak, A. Krivshich, Steven Ahlen, N. E. Moulai, P. Schmitz, Z. Y. Lin, L. Antonov, T. Kraemer, E. Fiandrini, Dong-Chul Son, J. J. Blaising, Egidio Longo, Y. J. Pei, P. Zemp, J. Bechtluft, R. de Asmundis, K. S. Kumar, E. Brambilla, B. Hartmann, Christopher George Tully, M. M. Ilyas, Roberto Battiston, A. Hasan, P. K. Malhotra, H. A. Rizvi, A. Kunin, G. Herten, A. Bujak, Oliver Kornadt, M. Pohl, Hafeez R Hoorani, Yuehong Xie, F. Fesefeldt, S. Khokhar, S. Müller, K. Freudenreich, J. M. Salicio, K. Sudhakar, D. Pandoulas, T. Spickermann, W. Wallraff, Wolfgang Lohmann, H. Vogt, B. Bertucci, Y. F. Wang, W. Friebel, C-Q. Li, B. L. Betev, S. C. Kim, S. Banerjee, Gerjan Bobbink, W. J. Metzger, M. Caria, V. K. Gupta, Zp Zhang, B. Borgia, G. Sauvage, M. Wadhwa, Z. D. Qi, Xd Cai, Nicanor Colino, Bernard Ille, Z. M. Wang, K. Riles, M. Gruenewald, J. T. He, Tariq Aziz, J. B. Ye, Stefan Kirsch, F. Cesaroni, F. J. Rodriguez, G. Schwering, Pierluigi Paolucci, M. Gailloud, M. Möller, J. Y. Liao, Raffaello D'Alessandro, O. Rind, F. Marzano, G. Coignet, W. Krenz, R. Bizzarri, G. F. Susinno, A. M. Cartacci, R. Raghavan, T. McHamon, A. C. 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Z., Yang, C. G., Yang, G., C. H., Ye, J. B., Ye, Ye, Q., Yeh, S. C., Yin, Z. W., You, J. M., Yunus, N., Yzerman, M., Zaccardelli, C., Zemp, P., Zeng, M., Zheng, Y., Zhang, D. H., Zhang, Z. P., Zhou, B., Zhou, G. J., Zhou, J. F., Zhu, R. Y., Zichichi, A., B. C. C., Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), CMS, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I Lyon), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), L3, and IHEF (IoP, FNWI)
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Electron–positron annihilation, Hadron, Elementary particle, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Standard Model, Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], 010306 general physics, GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries), Ciencias Exactas, Mixing (physics), Physics, electroweak interaction, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Electroweak interaction, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Física, z boson, Weinberg angle, lcsh:QC1-999, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Particle Physics - Experiment, lcsh:Physics, Lepton
Abstract: The effective electroweak mixing angle sin2θw is measured from the production and decay of the Z boson in e+e- interactions. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 18 pb-l with about 420 000 hadronic and 40 000 leptonic Z decays. The mixing angle sin 22θw is determined from several independent measurements: the leptonic and hadronic cross sections, the forward-backward asymmetries of charged leptons and b-quarks, and the z-polarization. The results are found to be in good agreement with each other. The value of sin 22θw from a fit to the asymmetries in a model independent method is 0.2321-4-0.0021 and from a global fit to the data in the Standard Model framework is 0.2328±0.0013., Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
Published: 1993
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44. Contributor contact details

Author: Zhili Feng, Chon L. Tsai, Dong S. Kim, J. Zhou, H.L. Tsai, Tatsuo Inoue, Pan Jiluan, Pan Michaleris, Yuh J. Chao, X.L. Chen, Z. Yang, F.W. Brust, and Q. Guan
Published: 2005
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45. The BESIII detector magnet

Author: Zian Zhu, B. Wang, H. Yang, C. Chen, Kiyosumi Tsuchiya, S. Huang, Q. Xu, J. Hu, L. Liu, Z. Hou, C. Yi, J. Zhou, L. Zhao, S. Han, C. Taylor, L. Wang, Hiroshi Yamaoka, B. Wahrer, H. Chen, and Yasuhiro Makida
Subjects: Superconductivity, Physics, Luminosity (scattering theory), Winding machine, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, law.invention, Nuclear physics, law, Electromagnetic coil, Magnet, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Collider, Yoke
Abstract: Publisher Summary BESIII (Beijing Spectrometer III) is a detector designed to run in the autumn 2007 at a 1 ╳ 10 33 cm -2 s -1 luminosity @1.89 GeV at BEPCII (Beijing Electron–Positron Collider II) at IHEP Beijing. It has a 1 T superconducting solenoid magnet with the inner winding diameter of 2962 mm, winding length of 3532 mm, and a 600 tonne flux return yoke. The indirectly cooled, pure aluminum stabilized single layer coil is internally wounded with a 4 kA superconductor. The magnet design is described. The NbTi/Cu superconductor has been delivered and the critical current test of a short sample of the superconductor has been performed. An inner winding machine is under construction.
Published: 2005
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46. Autonomic System for Dynamic Load Balancing of Parallel CFD

Author: Hasan U. Akay, J. Zhou, Y. Wang, Stanley Chien, and Akin Ecer
Subjects: business.industry, Computer science, Distributed computing, Human error, Dynamic load balancing, Computational fluid dynamics, Load balancing (computing), business
Abstract: As the number of heterogeneous computers used in a parallel computation increases, the possibility of unexpected interruption of program execution also increases. The sources of interruptions include operating system limitations, hardware problems, network break down or congestion, and human error. In such situations, the effort for keeping program execution complete on large number of computers becomes a big burden to the users. In this paper, we describe a newly developed autonomic dynamic load-balancing tool DLB3.0. This tool incorporates the self-healing features in dynamic load balancing and ensures the user that the parallel CFD program will recover from most system faults and errors during the execution of parallel CFD programs. The error recovery is performed automatically without user intervention. Experimental results are shown to demonstrate the ability of the tool.
Published: 2003
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47. DLB 2.0 - A Distributed Environment Tool for Supporting Balanced Execution of Multiple Parallel Jobs on Networked Computers

Author: J. Zhou, A. Ecer, Y. P. Chien, H.U. Akay, and J. D. Chen
Subjects: Distributed Computing Environment, Computer science, Distributed computing
Published: 2002
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48. Chapter 43 The function of the cholinergic system in the developing mammalian retina

Author: Z J Zhou
Subjects: Nicotine metabolism, Electrophysiology, Mammalian retina, Cholinergic system, Glutamic acid metabolism, Biology, Receptor, Neuroscience, Function (biology)
Published: 2001
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49. Recovery of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate from recombinant Escherichia coli by a combined biologi-chemical method⁎*This work was supported by grants of 'National Natural Science Foundation' (No.: 29476242) and 'Ninth Five Year Plan Research Program' (No.: 96-c03-03-02) of China. 'Corresponding author

Author: Huimin Yu, Zhongyao Shen, P.-J. Zhou, Y. Xu, and Jin Yin
Subjects: Recombinant escherichia coli, Biochemistry, Chemistry
Published: 2000
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50. Lattice Theory of the Dislocation Nucleation Process at Crack Tip in Ductile and Brittle Materials

Author: S. J. Zhou, Anders Carlsson, Kinichi Masuda-Jindo, and Robb Thomson
Subjects: Dislocation creep, Materials science, Condensed matter physics, business.industry, Linear elasticity, Nucleation, Cleavage (crystal), Structural engineering, Physics::Geophysics, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Glide plane, Brittleness, Peierls stress, Ultimate tensile strength, business
Abstract: Using the lattice Green's function approach, we study the crack/dislocation effects in the fracture both of ductile and brittle (2D) materials. The lattice Green's function for the defective lattice, with dislocation and a crack, are obtained by solving the Dyson equation. The external force, F, with tensile and shear components is applied, as a pair of forces, to the atoms near the center of the crack. In this calculation, the dislocation emission is chosen to be cleavage plane as well as glide plane of the 2D lattice. We compare the cleavage and dislocation emission criteria of the atomistic simulation with those of the linear elasticity theory.
Published: 1994
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