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Background: In Taiwan, the use of subtitle is common in TV programs and movies. However, studies on subtitles mostly focus on foreign language learning and film subtitle translation. Few studies address how subtitle types and emotion-laden films affect the viewers' eye movement patterns. Purpose: We aim to examine how the emotion type of film (happy, sad, angry, fear, or neutral) and subtitle type (meaningful subtitle, no subtitle, or meaningless subtitle) affect the dwell times and fixation counts in the subtitle area. Methods: This study is a 5 (emotion type of film) × 3 (subtitle type) between-participants design. There were 15 participants per condition, resulting in a total of 225 participants. After watching a film, participants filled out a self-reported questionnaire regarding this film. Results: The subtitled films have more fixation counts and dwell time for the meaningful subtitle compared to meaningless subtitle and no subtitle. The dwell time was longer on the subtitle area for the sad film than the neutral and happy films. Also, the dwell time was longer on the subtitle area for the fear film than the happy film. There were more fixation counts on the subtitle area for the sad film than the angry and happy films. Conclusions: The subtitle meaning is critical in directing overt attention. Also, overt attention directed to the subtitle area is affected by the different emotion types of films.

Abstract Background The prevalence of allergic diseases, such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, eczema and food allergy, has been increasing worldwide, as shown in a large number of studies, including the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). However, there is significant variation in the prevalence of these diseases in different regions, suggesting that there may be location-specific factors such as environment and microbial exposure affecting allergic disease prevalence. Hence, in this study we determine if there is a difference in microbiota composition and allergen concentration of household dust collected from the homes of non-allergic and allergic subjects from the Growing Up in Singapore Towards Healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) cohort. Methods From the Growing Up in Singapore Towards Healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) cohort, 25 allergic subjects and 25 non-allergic subjects were selected at the year 5.5 follow up. Definitions of allergic outcomes were standardized in the questionnaires administered at 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 24, 36, 48 and 60 months to ensure consistency during interviews and home visits. Allergen sensitization was determined by skin prick testing (SPT) at 18, 36 and 60 months. Dust samples were collected from the subject’s bed, sofa, and play area. DNA extraction was carried out and V3-V4 hypervariable regions of bacterial 16S rRNA gene were sequenced. Protein extraction was performed and allergens assayed by using multiplex assay and ELISA. Results The most abundant phyla in house dust were Actinobacteria (29.8%), Firmicutes (27.7%), and Proteobacteria (22.4%). Although there were no differences in bacteria abundance and diversity between house dust samples of allergic and non-allergic subjects, the relative abundance of Anaplasmataceae, Bacteroidaceae, and Leptospiraceae were significantly higher in dust samples of allergic subjects as compared to non-allergic subjects in 2 or more locations. The concentration of Der p 1 was significantly lower in bed dust samples of allergic subjects (Median [Interquartile range], 174 ng/g [115–299 ng/g]) as compared to non-allergic subjects (309 ng/g [201–400 ng/g]; P

Introduction From a birth cohort of at-risk Asian infants, we prospectively investigated the role of early onset allergen sensitization and clinical phenotypes as risk factors for atopic disorders at the age of 5 years.Methods and materials The study recruited 253 families with a history of allergic disease in a first degree relative from an antenatal clinic in Singapore. The children were followed prospectively to assess clinical outcomes and skin prick test was performed at 2 and 5 years of age.Results Allergen sensitization (food and/or house dust mites) alone at 2 years of age was not associated with increased risk of wheeze and eczema at 5 years. However, the clinical phenotype (eczema and wheeze) with or without the presence of concomitant allergen sensitization at 2 years increased this risk. For eczema, eczema alone at year 2 increased the risk of eczema at year 5 (adjOR = 7.1; 95 % CI: 1.8–27.8) and this was further increased by the presence of allergen sensitization (adjOR = 25.4; 95 % CI: 4.7–138.5) and the concomitant presence of both wheeze and allergen sensitization (adjOR = 64.9; 95 % CI: 4.7–900.0). For wheeze, wheeze alone at 2 years (adjOR = 4.5; 95 % CI: 1.4 -14.8), and wheeze with concomitant allergen sensitization and eczema (adjOR = 13.9; 95 % CI: 1.2–168.5) increased the risk of wheeze at 5 years. The exception was rhinitis, where allergen sensitization alone at 2 years (adjOR = 5.6; 95 % CI: 1.1–29.2) increased the risk of rhinitis at 5 years. Early onset of eczema at 2 years also increased the risk of rhinitis (adjOR = 6.8; 95 % CI: 2.0–23.1).Conclusion In this Asian birth cohort, the clinical phenotype (eczema and wheeze) with or without concomitant allergen sensitization in the first 2 years of life were strong predictors of atopic disorders at 5 years. Keywords: Eczema, Wheeze, Rhinitis, Allergen sensitization