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8 results on '"Hyong-Joo, Lee"'

1. Anti-adipogenic effect of erucin in early stage of adipogenesis by regulating Ras activity in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes

Author

Seung Young Chae, Sang Gwon Seo, Hee Yang, Jae Gak Yu, Su Jin Suk, Eun Sun Jung, Hae Ji, Jung Yeon Kwon, Hyong Joo Lee, and Ki Won Lee

Subjects
Erucin, Adipogenesis, Mitotic clonal expansion, Ras, 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641
Abstract

Erucin is a natural isothiocyanate found in rocket salad and broccoli which are believed to have health benefits including weight control effect and used as a functional food globally. Though anti-cancer effect of erucin has been intensively studied, anti-obesity effect of erucin and its molecular mechanisms have not yet been reported. In this study, we investigated anti-adipogenic effect of erucin in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and its underlying molecular mechanisms. Erucin inhibited adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and reduced adipogenic gene expressions. This anti-adipogenic activity of erucin was most effective at early stage of adipogenesis including mitotic clonal expansion (MCE). Fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis and trypan blue assay results showed that erucin induced G1/S arrest and inhibited cell proliferation at MCE stage. Western blot analysis results showed that erucin inhibited extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway by blocking Ras activity. Taken together, these results indicated that erucin inhibits adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes by blocking Ras activity at early stage of adipogenesis.

Published
2015
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2. Regulations on health/functional foods in Korea

Author

Dai Byung Kim, Hyong Joo Lee, and Ji Yeon Kim

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Normal diet, business.industry, Public health, Food and drug administration, Functional food, Health claims on food labels, Environmental health, Pill, New Active Ingredient, Food processing, Medicine, Christian ministry, Food science, Business, Marketing
Abstract

Publisher Summary This chapter reports on the scope of functional foods, the strength of the evidence required for their efficacy, safety considerations and future perspectives in Korea. The term “health/functional food” (HFF) refers to food supplements containing nutrients or other substances (in a concentrated form) that have a nutritional or physiological effect whose purpose is to supplement the normal diet. The Korean Health/Functional Food Act that came into effect in 2004 requires these products to be marketed in measured doses, such as in pills, tablets, capsules and liquids. HFFs are of two types: generic and product-specific. There are 37 ingredients listed in the act for generic HFFs and, if an HFF contains a new active ingredient that is not included in the generic 37 products, it is considered a product-specific HFF. The standardization, safety, and efficacy of a new active ingredient are reviewed by the Korean Food and Drug Administration in order to receive approval as a product-specific HFF. Conforming to international standards and protecting public health requires constant upgrading of the Health/Functional Food Act.

Published
2019
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3. Anti-adipogenic effect of erucin in early stage of adipogenesis by regulating Ras activity in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes

Author

Sang Gwon Seo, Jung Yeon Kwon, Eun Sun Jung, Ki Won Lee, Hyong Joo Lee, Seung Young Chae, Hee Yang, Su Jin Suk, Jae Gak Yu, and Hae Ji

Subjects
MAPK/ERK pathway, medicine.medical_specialty, Medicine (miscellaneous), Biology, chemistry.chemical_compound, Western blot, Internal medicine, medicine, TX341-641, Erucin, Nutrition and Dietetics, Adipogenesis, medicine.diagnostic_test, Cell growth, Kinase, 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, 3T3-L1, Cell biology, Endocrinology, chemistry, Mitotic clonal expansion, Isothiocyanate, Signal transduction, Food Science, Ras
Abstract

Erucin is a natural isothiocyanate found in rocket salad and broccoli which are believed to have health benefits including weight control effect and used as a functional food globally. Though anti-cancer effect of erucin has been intensively studied, anti-obesity effect of erucin and its molecular mechanisms have not yet been reported. In this study, we investigated anti-adipogenic effect of erucin in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and its underlying molecular mechanisms. Erucin inhibited adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and reduced adipogenic gene expressions. This anti-adipogenic activity of erucin was most effective at early stage of adipogenesis including mitotic clonal expansion (MCE). Fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis and trypan blue assay results showed that erucin induced G1/S arrest and inhibited cell proliferation at MCE stage. Western blot analysis results showed that erucin inhibited extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway by blocking Ras activity. Taken together, these results indicated that erucin inhibits adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes by blocking Ras activity at early stage of adipogenesis.

Published
2015

4. Polyphenols Suppress and Modulate Inflammation

Author

Hyong Joo Lee, Ki Won Lee, and Jiyoung Kim

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Chemokine, biology, business.industry, Kinase, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, Inflammation, Disease, Pharmacology, Proinflammatory cytokine, Nitric oxide synthase, chemistry, biology.protein, Medicine, medicine.symptom, business, Transcription factor
Abstract

Epidemiological evidence supports the claim that diets rich in polyphenols lead to a relative improvement in aging. In fact, it has been reported that healthy centenarians show low levels of inflammatory biomarkers, and polyphenols as anti-inflammatory agents may prevent chronic diseases and extend human life. The objective of the current chapter is to summarize the key findings and progresses made in polyphenols, which exert as anti-inflammatory ingredients in numerous chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders. Special emphasis is placed on highlighting the key effects of polyphenols on the cellular redox system, arachidonic acid metabolisim (phospholipase A, cyclooxygenase, and lipoxygenase), nitric oxide synthase, proinflammatory molecules (cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, and C-reactive protein), and inflammatory gene expression (transcription factors NF-κB, AP-1, STAT-1, and C/EBP; nuclear molecules PPAR, PARP, CBP, p300 (HAT) and HDACs; and protein kinases).

Published
2014
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5. List of Contributors

Author

Sanjiv Agarwal, F. Ahmad, Anthony L. Almada, Okezie I. Aruoma, Theeshan Bahorun, Mirza E. Baig, Kiran Bhupathiraju, George A. Burdock, Ioana G. Carabin, Digambar Chahar, Leighton K. Chong, Patrick Coppens, Amitava Das, Mayuri Dhunnoo, Bernard W. Downs, Peter P. Fu, Dilip Ghosh, Trimurtulu Golakoti, Om P. Gulati, John R. Harrison, James E. Hoadley, Stein Hordvik, Greta Houlahan, Chun Hu, Hideko Ikeda, Michelle C. Jackson, Raj K. Keservani, Ji Yeon Kim, Seong Ju Kim, Alla A. Kochetkova, Alluri V Krishnaraju, Deb Kumar Nath, Teck-Chai Lau, Hyong Joo Lee, Claudia A. Lewis, Nikita McGee, Sandra Morar, Hiroyoshi Moriyama, Vidushi S. Neergheen-Bhujun, Earle R. Nestmann, Hirobumi Ohama, Peter Berry Ottaway, Simon Pettman, Jennifer Radosevich, Nancy E. Rawson, J. Craig Rowlands, Chandan K. Sen, Krishanu Sengupta, Andrew Shao, Anil K. Sharma, Svetlana A. Sheveleva, Makoto Shimizu, Elena A. Smirnova, Boris P. Sukhanov, Victor A. Tutelyan, Lawrence J. Udell, Edward Wyszumiala, Qingsu Xia, Chandra S. Yeevani, and Jerzy Zawistowski

Published
2014
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6. List of Contributors

Author

Odair Aguiar, Sarah Omar Alkholy, Judith Allgrove, Samiah Naji Alqahtani, Anna Amini, Juliana Maria de Mello Andrade, Cristina Andres-Lacueva, Andrea Aquilato, Rajesh Arora, Sara Arranz, Hitoshi Ashida, Paola Avena, Sachin L. Badole, Wanda Baer-Dubowska, Gabriela Bahrim, Manjeshwar Shrinath Baliga, Stephen Barnes, Maria T. Batista, Workalemahu Mikre Berhanu, Alka Bhatia, Subhash L. Bodhankar, Lubomir Bodnar, Selin Bolca, Maria Boto-Ordoñez, Leyre Brizuela, Conceição Calhau, Maria Annunziata Carluccio, Catalina Carrasco-Pozo, Anna Caruso, Ivan Casaburi, Gerardo D. Castro, José A. Castro, Gulcin Sagdicoglu Celep, Amala Chacko, Swapnil M. Chaudhari, Chung-Hwan Chen, Lixia Chen, Gemma Chiva-Blanch, Kathrine Bisgaard Christensen, Lars Porskjær Christensen, Ming-Chien Chyu, Felina M. Cordova, Giulia Corona, G. Costa, Brady F. Cress, Stephen J. Crozier, M.T. Cruz, Olivier Cuvillier, Jovana Čvorović, Lisa Danielle Cyr, Charles Czank, Massimo D’Archivio, Glen Davison, Raffaele De Caterina, Guifang Deng, Ranjitsinh V. Devkar, Taisha Doo, Barbara Doonan, Seyed Ahmad Emami, Ramón Estruch, Fabio Virgili, Michael Falk, Ana Faria, Grazia Farina, Daniel Fasolo, Raja Fayad, Maria Pontes Ferreira, Claudio Ferri, Sarah C. Forester, Stefano Fornasaro, Francesco Cimino, Atul Francis, V. Francisco, Itsuko Fukuda, Mar Garcia-Aloy, María Victoria García-Mediavilla, Fidji Gendron, S. Ghantasala, David Gil-Becerra, Claudio Giovannini, Francesco Givigliano, Mark R. Goldstein, Ajay Goel, Andréa Pittelli Boiago Gollücke, Javier González-Gallego, Suresh Govindaraghavan, Davide Grassi, Dhanushka Gunawardena, Honghui Guo, Véronique Habauzit, Guy Haegeman, Xiran He, Mahabaleshwar V. Hegde, Karen Heyninck, Tze-chen Hsieh, W. Jeffrey Hurst, Francesca Iemma, Ann Igoe, Jacobo Iglesias, Ikuo Ikeda, Ravirajsinh N. Jadeja, Russell Jaffe, Elzbieta Janda, Nathalie Janel, Ganesh B. Jangam, Dipika Jayachander, Fan Jiang, Emilio Jirillo, Eun Ji Joo, Nadhini Joseph, Vijaya Juturu, Faizan Kalekhan, Krithika Kamath, Rita Karana, Kamaljeet Kaur, Elisa Keating, David O. Kennedy, Jason Kerr, Mohd Khaled, Christina Khoo, Olha Khymenets, Jiyoung Kim, Makoto Kobayashi, Masuko Kobori, Benson Mathai Kochikuzhyil, Mattheos A.G. Koffas, Jan Korniluk, Ashish Kumar, G. Kumar, Yashwant Kumar, Yosho Kumazawa, Biji T. Kurien, In-Sook Kwun, Joshua D. Lambert, Rosa Maria Lamuela-Raventos, Latheesh Latheef, Hyong Joo Lee, Ki Won Lee, Huabin Li, Sha Li, Rafael Llorach, Victoria Lopez, María E. Maciel, Thea Magrone, Jayashree Mani, Francesco Marotta, Kristen Conrad Marquardt, Fátima Martel, Verónica Martínez, Girish B. Maru, Luca Mascitelli, Roberta Masella, Gertraud Maskarinec, Marika Massaro, Artëm E. Masunov, Geetha Mathew, Isabel Medina, Alexander Medina-Remón, Abder Menaa, Bouzid Menaa, Farid Menaa, C. Miglio, Dragan Milenkovic, Montserrat Mitjans, Tomisato Miura, Huanbiao Mo, Vincenzo Mollace, Christine Morand, G. Moribito, Piya Paul Mudgal, Gerald Münch, Akira Murakami, Yoko Nagasako-Akazome, Yogendra Nayak, B.M. Neves, Christophe Noll, Renata Nowak, Natalia Nowacka, Antoinette Y. Odendaal, Marta Olech, Khang Wei Ong, Naomi Osakabe, Jarosław Paluszczak, Ortensia Ilaria Parisi, Sabina Passamonti, Kalyani Y. Patil, Manuel Pazos, I. Peluso, Nicolai Petry, Vincenzo Pezzi, Marta Piantanida, Nevio Picci, Bhushan P. Pimple, John Thomas Pinto, Vanessa Cardoso Pires, Jeevan K. Prasain, Valerio Pravettoni, Laura Primavesi, Francesco Puoci, Leandro N. Quintans, Montse Rabassa, Prajwith Rai, Antappa Govindaraju Rajeev, Suresh Rao, Gabriela Rapeanu, Reza Rastmanesh, Rithin Ravi, Donatella Restuccia, Daniel Araki Ribeiro, Ramón Rodrigo, Maria Rotches-Ribalta, Mae Nicole Rouhani, Elroy Saldanha, Antonella Saija, Sonia Sánchez-Campos, Arpit Saxena, Beatrice Scazzocchio, Alexander G. Schauss, Egeria Scoditti, R. Hal Scofield, Mauro Serafini, Rakesh Sharma, Chwan-Li Shen, Pankaj S. Shende, Vaishaka Shetty, Arnadi Ramachandrayya Shivashankara, Toshihiko Shoji, Paul Simon, Maria Stefania Sinicropi, Brenda J Smith, Dargi Sony, Antonio Speciale, Jeremy P.E. Spencer, Angélique Stalmach, Nicoleta Stanciuc, Mitchel G Stover, Agnieszka Synowiec, Katarzyna Szarlej-Wcislo, P. Tajpara, Benny Kwong Huat Tan, Ling Tao, Nilufar Tayarani-Najaran, Zahra Tayarani-Najaran, Karadka Ramdas Thilakchand, Francisco A. Tomás-Barberán, María Tomás-Navarro, Federica Tramer, Anna Tresserra-Rimbau, Jacques Tréton, Sara Tulipani, María J. Tuñón, Mazhuvancherry K. Unnikrishnan, Mireia Urpi-Sarda, Palmira Valderas-Martínez, Fernando Vallejo, David Vauzour, Rosa Vázquez-Fresno, Ponemone Venkatesh, Veeresh Veerapur, M. Pilar Vinardell, Ross Walker, Ronald R. Watson, Gabriel Wcislo, Emma L. Wightman, John Wilkins, Erxi Wu, Joseph M Wu, Shan Wu, Enqin Xia, Min Xia, Hiroaki Yajima, Anand A. Zanwar, and Lovro Ziberna

Published
2014
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7. Contributors

Author

Mansurah A. Abdulazeez, Mahinda Abeywardena, Mujitaba S. Abubakar, G.O. Adegoke, Oluyemisi Elizabeth Adelakun, Shyam S. Agrawal, Francis Agyemang-Yeboah, Cecilia Aiello, Ibironke Adetolu Ajayi, Olubunmi Bolanle Ajayi, Teresa A. Akeng'a, Aderemi Caleb Aladeokin, Mohamed Ali Al-Farsi, Amna Ali, Niloufer Sultan Ali, Ryszard Amarowicz, Sunday J. Ameh, Larissa Lovatto Amorin, B. Andallu, Paula B. Andrade, Sirajudheen Anwar, Harry Archimède, Ignasius Radix Astadi, Everaldo Attard, Marcos Aurélio de Santana, Cecile Badet, Sachin L. Badole, Daniel J. Ballhorn, Monica S. Banach, Douglas C. Baxter, Dorothea Bedigian, Mikhail A. Belozersky, Valerio Berardi, Trust Beta, Aruna Bhatia, Sanjib Bhattacharya, Jitendra D. Bhosale, Sujit K. Bhutia, Hans Konrad Biesalski, Abdullah bin Habeeballah bin Abdullah Juma, Rune Blomhoff, Judith Boateng, Subhash L. Bodhankar, Anders Borgen, Tomasz Brzozowski, H.N. Büyükkartal, Deon V. Canyon, Monica H. Carlsen, Benildo S. Cavada, Pierre Champy, Cheng-Jie Chen, Jianwei Chen, Yong Chen, Eliton Chivandi, Chanya Chaicharoenpong, Yau-Sang Chan, Randy C.F. Cheung, Adriana Chicco, Pei-Yi Chu, M. Carmen Cid, William de Castro Borges, Luis Cisneros-Zevallos, Wayne Coates, Marie M. Cochard, Marina Cocchi, Hatice Çölgeçen, Marina Contini, Rajesh Dabur, Patrick A. Dakia, B. Daramola, Teresa Delgado, Sandhya Desai, Saikat Dewanjee, Giuseppa Di Bella, Irene Dini, Danuta Drozdowicz, Noélia Duarte, Anuradha Dube, Giacomo Dugo, Yakov E. Dunaevsky, null María del Carmen Durán-de-Bazúa, Caterina Durante, Rafael Cypriano Dutra, George A. Dyer, Tsezi A. Egorov, Akram Eidi, Maryam Eidi, Philippe A. Eigenmann, Mohamed Elleuch, Emma Engström, Kennedy H. Erlwanger, Amin Esfahani, Letícia Estevinho, Mohd Fadzelly Abu Bakar, Evandro F. Fang, Fan-Fu Fang, E. Olatunde Farombi, Afrânio G. Fernandes, Maria-José U. Ferreira, Federico Ferreres, Swaran J.S. Flora, Giorgia Foca, Octavio Luiz Franco, Maria Teresa Frangipane, Jeffrey R. Fry, Shin Yee Fung, Magaji Garba, Manohar L. Garg, Mahavir H. Ghante, Hasanah Mohd Ghazali, Kesturu Subbaiah Girish, Daniele Giuffrida, Alexandre Gonçalves Santos, Mónica González, Milton Hércules Guerra de Andrade, Asheesh Gupta, Ashish Deep Gupta, Ella H. Haddad, Bente Lise Halvorsen, Hans-Peter Hanssen, Ken-ichi Hatano, Mahadevappa Hemshekhar, Blanca Hernández-Ledesma, María del Rosario Hernández-Medel, Elisa Yoko Hirooka, Michal Holčapek, Chia-Chien Hsieh, Dur-Zong Hsu, Xiaojie Hu, Wen-Chuan Huang, Uford S. Inyang, Zafar Iqbal, Gerhard Jahreis, Anna Jaromin, David J.A. Jenkins, Sunny Jhamnani, Yueming Jiang, Rod Jones, Rachid Kacem, Monica Kachroo, Daein Kang, Dayanand M. Kannur, Kempaiah Kemparaju, Cyril C.W. Kendall, Natalya V. Khadeeva, Tanvir Khaliq, Ali Khan Khuwaja, David H. Kinder, Jiyoung Kim, Soressa M. Kitessa, Merih Kivanc, Kathryn T. Knecht, Kazunori Koba, U. Koca, Mongomaké Koné, Stanislaw J. Konturek, Mariola Korycińska, Arkadiusz Kozubek, Vera Krimer-Malešević, Nikhil Kumar, A.V. Vinay Kumar, Slawomir Kwiecien, Sze-Kwan Lam, Karen Lapsley, Carl J. Lavie, Sonaly Cristine Leal, Chang Young Lee, John H. Lee, Hyong Joo Lee, Ki Won Lee, Yang Deok Lee, Yann-Lii Leu, Delfín Rodríguez Leyva, Duo Li, Min Li, Xiang Li, Ying Liang, Chang-Quan Ling, Miroslav Lísa, Ming-Yie Liu, Qin Liu, Xianxian Liu, Mario Li Vigni, M. Gloria Lobo, Tirupur Venkatachalam Logaraj, Leonardo Lombardini, Yolanda B. Lombardo, Giovanna Loredana La Torre, Ben O. de Lumen, Xingming Ma, Senka Mađarev-Popović, Maurice Mahieu, Anup Maiti, Tapas K. Maiti, Manisha Deb Mandal, Shyamapada Mandal, Tusharkanti Mandal, Andrea Marchetti, Carine Marie-Magdeleine, Colin R. Martin, Sarfaraz Khan Marwat, Riccardo Massantini, Richard D. Mattes, Richelle S. McCullough, Krystyna Michalak, Richard Milani, Arash Mirrahimi, Tulika Mishra, Pragya Misra, Takuya Miyakawa, Abdulkarim Sabo Mohammed, Maryati Mohamed, Joseph Molnár, Alisa Mori, Siham Mostafa Ali El-Shenawy, Michael Murkovic, Subban Nagarajan, Marcelo H. Napimoga, Tadigoppula Narender, Tzi-Bun Ng, Patrick H.K. Ngai, Nguyen Nguyen, Peter D. Nichols, Julius Enyong Oben, Obiageli O. Obodozie, Steve Ogbonnia, James H. O'Keefe, María Eugenia Oliva, Elisabete Yurie Sataque Ono, Mario Augusto Ono, Ana G. Ortiz-Quezada, Olusegun James Oyelade, Folake Lucy Oyetayo, Yingming Pan, Vidhu Pachauri, Madan Mohan Padhi, Robert Pajdo, Alistair G. Paice, Dilipkumar Pal, Michal Pawlik, Wieslaw W. Pawlik, Patrícia Barbosa Pelegrini, Draginja Peričin, David M. Pereira, José Alberto Pereira, Amorn Petsom, Grant N. Pierce, Alexander M. Popov, Y. Pramodini, Nagendra Prasad, Lu-Ping Qin, Yang Qiu, K. Vijaya Rachel, Ljiljana Radulović, Asmah Rahmat, P.S. Rajini, Deepak Rajpurohit, C.U. Rajeshwari, Elsa Ramalhosa, Gajendra Rao, Lingamallu Jagan Mohan Rao, Nádia Rezende Barbosa Raposo, Francesca Ricci, Gianfranco Risuleo, Simone J. Rochfort, Ilia Rodushkin, Carolina Nachi Rossi, Hafiz Abubaker Saddiqi, Kanagal Sahana, Marcello Saitta, Ibrahim Sani, Nalan Yilmaz Sariozlu, Yoriko Sawano, Ulrich Schäfer, Markus Schmitz-Hübsch, Dante Selenscig, S. Sengottuvelu, Essam Shaalan, John L. Sievenpiper, Simona Sighinolfi, Si Mui Sim, Aline Siqueira Ferreira, Julio A. Solís-Fuentes, Korbua Srichaikul, Welma Stonehouse, M.T. Ravi Subbiah, Katarzyna Suchoszek-Łukaniuk, Reka Szollosi, Nget Hong Tan, Masaru Tanokura, Lorenzo Tassi, Edson H. Teixeira, Christine D. Thomson, Sriniwas Tiwari, Yaya Touré, Alessandro Ulrici, A. Umasankar, Solomon Umukoro, Nitin K. Upadhyay, Fazal ur Rehman, Vellingiri Vadivel, Patrícia Valentão, Andras Varga, Žužana Vaštag, Martha Verghese, Y. Vimala, Lloyd T. Walker, He-xiang Wang, Hengshan Wang, Kai Wang, Xiao-li Wang, Cornelius W. Wanjala, Francine K. Welty, Jack H. Wong, Lisa G. Wood, Teruyoshi Yanagita, Bao Yang, Xiujuan Ye, Xianghui Yi, Jau-Song Yu, Alam Zeb, Ye Zhang, Cheng-Jian Zheng, and Adel Zitoun

Published
2011
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8. Cocoa (Theobroma cacao) Seeds and Phytochemicals in Human Health

Author

Ki Won Lee, Jiyoung Kim, and Hyong Joo Lee

Subjects
Human health, Polyphenol, Theobroma, food and beverages, Pigment cells, Skin appearance, Food science, Biology, Digestion, biology.organism_classification, Neutrophil oxidative burst, Cocoa polyphenols
Abstract

Publisher Summary This chapter summarizes recent interesting and relevant findings regarding cocoa and its phytochemicals in human health. From over 3000 years ago to the present, cocoa has been used to treat anemia, mental fatigue, tuberculosis, fever, gout, kidney stones, and even poor sexual appetite. Several health effects, including improved heart function, relief of angina pectoris, stimulation of the nervous system, facilitated digestion, and improved kidney and bowel function have been considered for its medicinal use. Cocoa is unusually rich in phytochemicals. In dried and unfermented cocoa beans, pigment cells make up about 11 to 13% of the tissue. These cells are rich in polyphenolic compounds—in particular, catechins—although the characteristic purple color of cocoa beans is due to anthocyanins. The phytochemicals in cocoa fall into a number of types. The polyphenolics are quantitatively the largest group, comprising around 13.5% of the dried unfermented cocoa beans. Consuming chocolate has been reported to increase the total antioxidant capacity in human blood plasma. Cocoa polyphenols exhibit strong free radical scavenging activity. Data from numerous studies suggest that cocoa can effectively modify the inflammatory process. Cocoa monomer catechins and oligomeric procyanidins have a significant anti-inflammatory effect, inhibit neutrophil oxidative burst, and reduce the expression of adhesion molecules. Flavanol-rich cocoa increases cerebral blood flow, which suggests cocoa as a possible treatment for dementia. Cocoa has moisturizing properties in skin, improves skin appearance and texture, and confers substantial photoprotection from UV light.

Published
2011
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