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2 results on '"Heather R Clark"'

1. Differences in the attitudes towards the opioid crisis between metropolitan and rural counties in Central Texas: Secondary data analysis using cross-sectional data

Author

Marcia G. Ory, Shinduk Lee, Matthew Lee Smith, Joy P. Alonzo, Heather R. Clark, and James N. Burdine

Subjects
Opioids, Metropolitan, Rural, Opioid risk mitigation, Attitudes, Disparities, Medicine
Abstract

This study examined metropolitan and rural differences regarding concerns about opioid misuse and support for different strategies to reduce opioid use disorder risk in areas not designated as high-risk. This study used cross-sectional data from a regional community health assessment, which was collected in 2019 using a combination of stratified random sampling and clinic-based purposive sampling in Central Texas. The secondary data included 430 and 270 respondents from metropolitan and rural (not metropolitan) counties, respectively. The primary outcomes were perceived concern about the opioid crisis, perceived likelihood of getting addiction treatment, and support for strategies to reduce opioid use disorder risks. Multiple multivariable regression models were used to examine metropolitan and rural differences in the outcome variables after adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, race, marital status, education, and household income. Respondents were about 58 years old on average. A majority were female (60%), non-Hispanic (88%), and White (83%). About 60% of rural and metropolitan respondents were concerned about opioid use and misuse in their community. After adjusting for respondents’ demographic characteristics, rural respondents were significantly less likely to perceive that individuals are getting the needed opioid use disorder treatment (aOR = 0.69, P = 0.031). Rural respondents were also significantly less supportive for legalizing syringe service programs in their communities (aOR = 0.71, P = 0.044) than metropolitan respondents. Differing attitudes by respondents from metropolitan and rural areas indicate the importance of tailoring prevention and mitigation efforts to address opioid use disorder in advance of an impending public health crisis.

Published
2022
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2. Prevalence of anxiety and depression in South Asia during COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Nishat Tasnim Hasan, Helal Uddin Ahmed, E. Lisako J. McKyer, Samia Tasnim, Mahbub Hossain, Heather R. Clark, Mariya Rahman, Ping Ma, Nusrat Fahmida Trisha, Arindam Das, and Tasmiah Nuzhath

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Science (General), Epidemiology, Psychological intervention, Prevalence, India, Review Article, Anxiety, South Asia, 03 medical and health sciences, Q1-390, 0302 clinical medicine, Nepal, Medicine, Pakistan, Bhutan, Depression (differential diagnoses), Sri Lanka, Psychiatry, H1-99, Bangladesh, Multidisciplinary, business.industry, Depression, Afghanistan, COVID-19, Mental health, Social sciences (General), 030104 developmental biology, Meta-analysis, Maldives, medicine.symptom, business, Psychosocial, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Demography
Abstract

Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted biopsychosocial health and wellbeing globally. Pre-pandemic studies suggest a high prevalence of common mental disorders, including anxiety and depression in South Asian countries, which may aggravate during this pandemic. This systematic meta-analytic review was conducted to estimate the pooled prevalence of anxiety and depression in South Asian countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method We systematically searched for cross-sectional studies on eight major bibliographic databases and additional sources up to October 12, 2020, that reported the prevalence of anxiety or depression in any of the eight South Asian countries. A random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled proportion of anxiety and depression. Results A total of 35 studies representing 41,402 participants were included in this review. The pooled prevalence of anxiety in 31 studies with a pooled sample of 28,877 was 41.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 34.7–48.1, I2 = 99.18%). Moreover, the pooled prevalence of depression was 34.1% (95% CI: 28.9–39.4, I2 = 99%) among 37,437 participants in 28 studies. Among the South Asian countries, India had a higher number of studies, whereas Bangladesh and Pakistan had a higher pooled prevalence of anxiety and depression. No studies were identified from Afghanistan, Bhutan, and Maldives. Studies in this review had high heterogeneity, high publication bias confirmed by Egger's test, and varying prevalence rates across sub-groups. Conclusion South Asian countries have high prevalence rates of anxiety and depression, suggesting a heavy psychosocial burden during this pandemic. Clinical and public mental health interventions should be prioritized alongside improving the social determinants of mental health in these countries. Lastly, a low number of studies with high heterogeneity requires further research exploring the psychosocial epidemiology during COVID-19, which may inform better mental health policymaking and practice in South Asia., COVID-19; Mental health; Anxiety; Depression; South Asia; Afghanistan; Bangladesh; Bhutan; India; Maldives; Nepal; Pakistan; Sri Lanka; Psychiatry; Epidemiology.

Published
2021

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