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This study investigated the combination of UV persulfate (UV/PS) treatment of recycled water and deficit irrigation to minimize pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) accumulation and improve crop quality. Lettuce, carrot, and tomato, commonly consumed raw, were cultivated in a greenhouse using PPCPs spiked recycled water, UV/PS treated recycled water, and tap water control, under irrigation rates at 60 %, 80 % and 100 % of crop evapotranspiration (ETC) rates. UV/PS removed ≥ 99 % of carbamazepine, diclofenac, and fluoxetine from spiked recycled water. Post-treatment, carbamazepine accumulation in harvested lettuce, carrot, and tomato was reduced by 96–99 %, 35–70 % and 72–93 %, respectively. Minimal accumulation of diclofenac and fluoxetine occurred in edible crops due to their existence as dissociated ions. Three edible crops exhibited distinct trends of PPCPs accumulation in response to irrigation rates. Lettuce exhibited a decreasing PPCPs accumulation with a reduced irrigation rate, which was attributed to slower transpiration. In contrast, carrot and tomato exhibited increased PPCP accumulation due to osmotic adjustment. Lettuce and carrot exhibited higher irrigation water utilization efficiency at deficit irrigation, while the opposite was observed for tomato. This study highlights the beneficial integration of UV/PS with deficit irrigation to conserve water, maintain crop yield, and minimize PPCPs accumulation.

The current study was directed to examined the two excellent herbal plants Azadirachta indica and Moringa oliefera leaf powder as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters on the growth performance in terms of (FC, LWW, BWG, FCR and mortality rate), blood biochemistry (WBC, RBC, MCHC, MCH, MCV, LYM, GRA, MID and HCT) and carcass characters weight performance (Carcass Components, Yield of Main Carcass Parts (%), Giblets weight (%) and visceral organs weight (g). Feed conversion ratio measured is significantly (p

Drinking water that is secure to drink is a basic human need that should be met by every-one. Waterborne disease prevention and control begin with ensuring the safety of drinking water. The present study was designed to evaluate the physical and chemical quality of ground water in 20 different localities of Tehsil Taunsa DG Khan, Punjab Pakistan. For this purpose, ground water samples were collected from Mangrotha, Sokar, BastiBuzdar, KotQaisrani, JhokeBodo, Litra, Vehova, Bohar, MakwalKalan, Bindi, Dona, NariJanubi, TibbiQaisrani, Morejhangi, Babbi, Nutkani, JaluWali, Lakhani, Kotani and Chulani were physico-chemically (Turbidity, Odor, Color, TDS, HCO3, Alkalinity, Ca, CO3, Cl, EC, Fl, Hardness, Mg, SO4, pH, Na and K) characterized. The results revealed a significant increase in physical and chemical counts. Among Chemical parameters, the concentration of Alkalinity was in range of 205 mg/L to 235 mg/L, the concentration of Calcium was in range of 60 mg/L to 112 mg/L, the concentration of carbonates only in one location (BastiBuzdar) was slightly high 64 mg/L, the value of Electrical Conductivity was in range of 1230 µS/cm to 1260 µS/cm, the concentration of hardness varies between 145 mg/L to 550 mg/L. The levels of all other parameters were within WHO's acceptable ranges. A survey was also done to assess the impact of drinking water on city inhabitants' fitness. Globally, 780 million people, and 100 million people in Pakistan are exposed to insecure water sources. To estimate the health threat of infected water, a total of 160 residents interviewed. The information acquired from this field work will reveal a high prevalence of suspected water borne diseases like diarrhea, nausea & vomiting, gastrointestinal issues, Skin Rash, Skin irritation, Diabetes, Neural diseases, Renal dysfunction, Cholera, malaria, prolonged fever, Cancer, Hepatitis and jaundice. To resolve water and environmental problems, consciousness and regular monitoring programs of water organization and safe removal of waste was proposed. As a result, in all of the research areas, a well-organized waste disposal and management system is required. To make sure that the water is suitable for human consumption, regular drinking water quality assessments of the resource, main allotment tanks, distribution systems and pipes should be used.

The current study was directed to examined the two excellent herbal plants Azadirachta indica and Moringa oliefera leaf powder as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters on the growth performance in terms of (FC, LWW, BWG, FCR and mortality rate), blood biochemistry (WBC, RBC, MCHC, MCH, MCV, LYM, GRA, MID and HCT) and carcass characters weight performance (Carcass Components, Yield of Main Carcass Parts (%), Giblets weight (%) and visceral organs weight (g). Feed conversion ratio measured is significantly (p

Background: Antenatal corticosteroids for pregnant women at risk of preterm birth are among the most effective hospital-based interventions to reduce neonatal mortality. We aimed to assess the feasibility, effectiveness, and safety of a multifaceted intervention designed to increase the use of antenatal corticosteroids at all levels of health care in low-income and middle-income countries., Methods: In this 18-month, cluster-randomised trial, we randomly assigned (1:1) rural and semi-urban clusters within six countries (Argentina, Guatemala, India, Kenya, Pakistan, and Zambia) to standard care or a multifaceted intervention including components to improve identification of women at risk of preterm birth and to facilitate appropriate use of antenatal corticosteroids. The primary outcome was 28-day neonatal mortality among infants less than the 5th percentile for birthweight (a proxy for preterm birth) across the clusters. Use of antenatal corticosteroids and suspected maternal infection were additional main outcomes. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01084096., Findings: The ACT trial took place between October, 2011, and March, 2014 (start dates varied by site). 51 intervention clusters with 47,394 livebirths (2520 [5%] less than 5th percentile for birthweight) and 50 control clusters with 50,743 livebirths (2258 [4%] less than 5th percentile) completed follow-up. 1052 (45%) of 2327 women in intervention clusters who delivered less-than-5th-percentile infants received antenatal corticosteroids, compared with 215 (10%) of 2062 in control clusters (p<0·0001). Among the less-than-5th-percentile infants, 28-day neonatal mortality was 225 per 1000 livebirths for the intervention group and 232 per 1000 livebirths for the control group (relative risk [RR] 0·96, 95% CI 0·87-1·06, p=0·65) and suspected maternal infection was reported in 236 (10%) of 2361 women in the intervention group and 133 (6%) of 2094 in the control group (odds ratio [OR] 1·67, 1·33-2·09, p<0·0001). Among the whole population, 28-day neonatal mortality was 27·4 per 1000 livebirths for the intervention group and 23·9 per 1000 livebirths for the control group (RR 1·12, 1·02-1·22, p=0·0127) and suspected maternal infection was reported in 1207 (3%) of 48,219 women in the intervention group and 867 (2%) of 51,523 in the control group (OR 1·45, 1·33-1·58, p<0·0001)., Interpretation: Despite increased use of antenatal corticosteroids in low-birthweight infants in the intervention groups, neonatal mortality did not decrease in this group, and increased in the population overall. For every 1000 women exposed to this strategy, an excess of 3·5 neonatal deaths occurred, and the risk of maternal infection seems to have been increased., Funding: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)