Search

Introduction: Intuitive eating interventions aim to improve individual health and promote sustainable changes to one's relationship with food. However, there is no evidence-based consensus on the impact of intuitive eating interventions on diet quality. This systematic review aimed to investigate intuitive eating interventions and their impact on diet quality., Method: PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycInfo, and Cochrane databases were systematically searched to October 2021 for studies reporting interventions that encompassed the principles of intuitive eating and measured diet quality. Other health outcomes were used for secondary analysis. Findings were synthesized narratively., Results: Seventeen papers reporting 14 intervention studies (n = 3,960) were included in the review. All studies found a positive or neutral effect on diet quality following an intuitive eating intervention. A favorable change in eating behavior following these interventions was also observed., Discussion: Intuitive eating promotes an attunement to the body, which aids in improving diet quality because of increased awareness of physiological cues. The reduction of emotional and binge eating may also increase diet quality., Implications for Research and Practice: Findings from the current review suggest that intuitive eating interventions are most effective face-to-face, in a group setting, and sustained for at least 3 months., (Copyright © 2022 Society for Nutrition Education and Behavior. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Fatigue is highly prevalent in inflammatory arthritis, and people living with the symptom have described it as overwhelming and a challenge to manage. In this article, we explore the experience, impact and non-pharmacological management of fatigue from a multi-disciplinary perspective. We start by presenting qualitative evidence from people living with fatigue, including the physical, cognitive and emotional nature of the symptom and its impact on daily life. This is followed by discussion of current conceptual models of mechanisms and factors that may cause and maintain fatigue, within and between individuals. We then address the issue of fatigue measurement and modes of assessment, which is an integral aspect of management and evaluating support provision. This leads to a review of the research evidence for non-pharmacological interventions to reduce fatigue severity and impact. Finally, we consider implementation of this evidence in clinical practice and we introduce some key practical tools and techniques., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest None., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Agricultural entomology is poised to benefit from the application of ecological genomics, particularly the fields of biofuels generation and pest control. Metagenomic methods can characterize microbial communities of termites, wood-boring beetles and livestock pests, and transcriptomic approaches reveal molecular bases behind wood-digesting capabilities of these insects, leading to potential mechanisms for biofuel generation. Genome sequences are being exploited to develop new pest control methods, identify candidate antigens to vaccinate livestock, and discover RNAi target sequences and potential non-target effects in other insects. Gene content analyses of pest genome sequences and their endosymbionts suggest metabolic interdependencies between organisms, exposing potential gene targets for insect control. Finally, genome-wide association studies and genotyping by high-throughput sequencing promise to improve management of pesticide resistance., (Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Nonfluent, Broca-type dysphasics are characterized by impaired syntactic processing. However, grammaticality judgements and certain on-line tasks have shown some preservation of this processing in such subjects. We report an experiment with nonfluent dysphasics in which they read aloud th-initial nonwords (e.g., thuz) in sentential contexts that predicted a function word or a content word. This paradigm was first used by Campbell and Besner (1981) to demonstrate syntactic effects on pronunciation: normal subjects pronounce word-initial th- as voiced in function word contexts and unvoiced in content word contexts, reflecting a regularity in the English lexicon. Poorer performance by the dysphasic subjects on this task is the default prediction of most "syntactic" accounts of agrammatism, including an account based on the impairment of functional projections, which we discuss. We replicate Campbell and Besner's effect in our normal control group and in the dysphasic group, with no significant difference between the two groups. We conclude that syntactic influences on pronunciation may be unimpaired in nonfluent dysphasia, and that the task used resembles the class of online tasks, in its capacity to elicit unimpaired processing. We argue that this result is compatible with the account of agrammatism discussed if the latter is grounded in a distributed, constraint-based processing device allowing graceful degradation of functioning., (Copyright 1998 Academic Press.)