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Background: Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a cause of dementia that can be reversed when treated timely with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion. Understanding CSF dynamics throughout the development of hydrocephalus is crucial to identify prognostic markers to estimate benefit/risk to shunts., Objective: To explore the cerebral aqueduct CSF flow dynamics with phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a novel rodent model of adult chronic communicating hydrocephalus., Methods: Kaolin was injected into the subarachnoid space at the convexities in Sprague-Dawley adult rats. 11.7-T Bruker MRI was used to acquire T2-weighted images for anatomic identification and phase-contrast MRI at the cerebral aqueduct. Aqueductal stroke volume (ASV) results were compared with the ventricular volume (VV) at 15, 60, 90, and 120 days., Results: Significant ventricular enlargement was found in kaolin-injected animals at all times (P < 0.001). ASV differed between cases and controls/shams at every time point (P = 0.004, 0.001, 0.001, and <0.001 at 15, 60, 90, and 120 days, respectively). After correlation between the ASV and the VV, there was a significant correlation at 15 (P = 0.015), 60 (P = 0.001), 90 (P < 0.001), and 120 days. Moreover, there was a significant positive correlation between the VV expansion and the aqueductal CSF stroke between 15 and 60 days., Conclusions: An initial active phase of rapid ventricular enlargement shows a strong correlation between the expansion of the VV and the increment in the ASV during the first 60 days, followed by a second phase with less ventricular enlargement and heterogeneous behavior in the ASV. Further correlation with complementary data from intracranial pressure and histologic/microstructural brain parenchyma assessments are needed to better understand the ASV variations after 60 days., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: To examine the occurrence of glioma-related preoperative seizures (GPS) and post-operative seizure control (PSC) with respect to patients characteristics including five commonly tested tumor molecular markers (TMMs)., Methods: A single-center retrospective cohort study of patients with glioma evaluated at the Mayo Clinic, Florida between 2016 and 2018., Results: 68 adult patients (mean age = 51-years, 45-males) were included. 46 patients had GPS. 57 patients underwent intra-operative electrocorticography during awake craniotomy-assisted glioma resection. All patients underwent glioma resection (53, gross-total resection) with histologies of pilocytic astrocytoma (n = 2), diffuse astrocytoma (n = 4), oligodendroglioma (n = 14), anaplastic astrocytoma (n = 16), anaplastic oligodendroglioma (n = 1), and glioblastoma (n = 31). 31 (67%) patients had PSC (median follow-up = 14.5 months; IQR = 7-16.5 months). IDH1 mutation (IDH1 mut ) was present in 32, ARTX retention in 53, MGMT gene promotor methylation in 15, 1p/19q co-deletion in 15, and over-expression of p53 in 19 patients. Patients with IDH1 mut were more likely to have GPS (p = 0.037) and PSC (p = 0.035) compared to patients with IDH1 wild-type. Patients with MGMT gene promoter methylation were also likely to have PSC (p = 0.032). GPS or PSC did not differ by age, sex, extent of surgery, glioma grade, location, and histopathological subtype, p53 expression, ARTX retention, or 1p/19q co-deletion status., Conclusions: GPS and PSC may be associated with IDH1 mutation and MGMT gene promoter methylation status but not other glioma characteristics including tumor grade, location, or histopathology. Prospective studies with larger sample size are needed to clarify the exact mechanisms of GPS and PSC by the various TMMs to identify new treatment targets., (Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Introduction: The pathophysiology of normal-pressure hydrocephalus and the correlation with its symptomatology is not well understood., Objective: To monitor and evaluate the enlargement patterns of the ventricular system for each ventricle and its correlation with the presenting symptoms., Methods: Bilateral kaolin injection into the subarachnoid space overlying the cranial convexities was done in 18 adult rats. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed on an 11.7-T scanner 15, 60, 90, and 120 days after injection. Volumes of the ventricular system were measured for each ventricle and correlated with biweekly behavioral findings., Results: There was a progressive increase in the ventricular volume for the lateral ventricles since day 15 in the kaolin-injected animals. There was a nonsignificant trend in volume growth for the third ventricle, but its enlargement was synchronous with the lateral ventricles. No significant change for the fourth ventricle. No symptoms were detected in the first 60 days. Association was found between the ventricular volume and locomotor changes. In addition, the odds of locomotor symptoms increased by 3% for every additional cubic millimeter of volume in the left (P < 0.001) and right (P = 0.023) ventricles, and for the total magnetic resonance imaging volume by 1% (P = 0.013)., Conclusions: Expansion of the lateral ventricles maintained similar proportions over time, accompanied by a synchronous third ventricular expansion with less proportion and a nonsignificant fourth enlargement. Lateral ventricles enlarged most in those animals that were to develop late locomotor deterioration. Further research using this animal model combined with different radiologic imaging techniques, such as diffusion tensor imaging and perfusion studies, is recommended., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)