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Purpose: This study aimed to determine the clinical characteristics and risk factors of new-onset seizure in patients with AIDS-related brain parenchymal lesion., Methods: A retrospective case-control study from January 2015 to December 2021 was conducted to determine the clinical characteristics and etiology of seizures in patients with AIDS-related brain parenchymal lesion. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify risk factors associated with seizures. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze seizure prediction efficiency., Results: Among a total of 343 patients with AIDS-related brain lesions, 222 had brain parenchymal lesions. Of the 222 patients in the series (range: 16-81 y), 69 reported an episode of at least one seizure. A logistic regression analysis showed that tuberculoma, cortex involvement, and lesions in parietal lobe were found to have a strong association with higher incidence of seizures, whereas lesions in the periventricular area was less prone to seizure. The area under the ROC curve of these factors was 0.733, indicating these factors could predict seizure effectively. Amongst the 69 patients with seizures in multivariate analysis using logistic regression, multiple lesions significantly associated with focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures, and lesions in temporal lobe independently associated with focal impaired awareness seizure., Conclusions: Our study identified the underlying predictors between seizures and the clinical characteristics in a large population of patients with AIDS-related brain parenchymal lesions. These findings would provide further insights into developing effective prevention and treatment strategies aimed at improving the quality of life in the HIV population., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interests The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Background: Glioma is the most frequent primary brain tumor. Immunotherapy is one of the most promising therapeutic approaches for gliomas. T cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain-3 can induce the malignancy of gliomas. The function of galectin-9 (GAL-9), as one of the ligands of T cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain-3, in glioma has remained elusive. The aim of this study was to characterize the expression of GAL-9 in patients with glioma., Methods: This study enrolled 1292 patients with glioma from the GSE 16011 array set, the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas, and The Cancer Genome Atlas datasets. Kaplan-Meier analysis was undertaken to explore the prognostic value of GAL-9. Graphpad software and R language were used for statistical analysis., Results: Expression of GAL-9 was highly correlated with major clinical and molecular features. Patients with high expression of GAL-9 were more susceptible to development of malignant tumors. Gene Ontology analysis revealed that expression of GAL-9 was closely associated with function of immune response in glioma. Clinically, the results of Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that expression of GAL-9 was negatively associated with overall survival in all grades of glioma including high-grade gliomas. High expression of GAL-9 was an independent indicator of poor prognosis., Conclusions: Our results highlight the pivotal role of GAL-9 in regulation of immune suppressive features of gliomas and indicate that GAL-9 is a promising target for cancer immunotherapy and may lead to development of further therapies., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Accumulated studies have not provided conclusive evidence in regards to the comparative efficacy and safety of fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy and stereotactic radiosurgery for treatment of pituitary adenomas. To address this issue, we performed a meta-analysis with eight studies identified from Medline, PubMed, Cochrane, Google Scholar, and published up to September 17, 2015. Eligible studies reported the disease control rate, endocrine cure rate (for functional adenomas), the rate of occurrence of new-onset hypopituitarism, and visual disturbance rate in patients treated with either stereotactic radiosurgery or fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy. Eight studies enrolled a total of 634 patients with pituitary adenoma, 273 patients underwent a stereotactic radiosurgery and 361 patients underwent fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy. No significant differences were found in efficacy measures, such as disease control rate and endocrine cure rate, between stereotactic radiosurgery and fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (OR=1.156, p=0.666; OR=0.659, p=0.153, respectively). Additionally, meta-analysis of safety measures, such as the rate of new-onset hypopituitarism and visual disturbance rate, did not show significant differences between different treatments (OR=1.365, p=0.469; OR=0.872, p=0.845 respectively). In conclusion, both stereotactic radiosurgery and fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy have comparable efficacy and safety in the management of pituitary adenoma patients., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)