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Background: Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer/questioning, intersex, asexual/agender+ (LGBTQ ​+ ​hereafter) people report poorer health and worse experiences of healthcare than the general population, compounded by growing inequalities in health seen across the UK. Correspondingly, LGBTQ ​+ ​youth have higher rates of several negative health outcomes, particularly depression, anxiety, and suicide ideation. Methods: This paper explores the views and experiences of LGBTQ ​+ ​youth in North East England in relation to health inequalities, with data collected from two youth groups (n ​= ​20) situated within socio-economically deprived areas (according to IMD measures). Three 1.5 ​h focus-groups with each youth group were conducted. Findings: Participants faced discrimination in most areas of life, with damaging and long-lasting impacts on mental, physical and emotional health and well-being. Participants were acutely aware of such disadvantages and attributed them to lack of awareness, a need for education, lack of commitment to inclusion and access, negative and bigoted attitudes (worsened by media and political discourses), and active discrimination. Conclusions: Addressing systemic discrimination faced by LGBTQ ​+ ​youth must be seen as a public health priority. LGBTQ ​+ ​youth must be included in decision-making (policy and practice) that impacts them and their health. Meanwhile, the vital sanctuary and support provided by LGBTQ ​+ ​youth groups must be bolstered to address limitations and gaps in provision due to growing public sector cuts. This is necessary to reduce or buffer the multiple intersecting inequalities faced by LGBTQ ​+ ​youth. Finally, more research is needed to fully understand the crisis of health inequalities faced by LGBTQ ​+ ​youth in England.

Schools offer a valuable setting to promote good health and mental well-being amongst young people. Schools are complex systems and therefore systems interventions are needed to improve pupil health and well-being. This paper presents a qualitative process evaluation of the South West- School Health Research Network, a systems level intervention. The evaluation is based on interviews with school staff, local authorities and wider stakeholders. Given the complexity of England's educational system there is a need to intervene and monitor health at multiple levels and to ensure close partnership working to effectively improve adolescent health through schools., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest We have no conflicts of interest to declare., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Significant declines in drinking among young people have been recorded in many high-income countries over the past 20 years. This analysis explored the role of gender - which we interpret as socially constructed and relational - to provide insight into whether and how gender might be implicated in declining youth drinking., Methods: Interview data from four independent qualitative studies from Australia, Denmark, Sweden and the UK (n=194; participants aged 15-19 years) were analysed by researchers in each country following agreement about analytical focus. Findings were collated by the lead author in a process of 'qualitative synthesis' which involved successive rounds of data synthesis and feedback from the broader research team., Findings: Our analysis raised two notable points in relation to the role of gender in declining youth drinking. The first concerned the consistency and vehemence across three of the countries at which drinkers and states of intoxication were pejoratively described in gendered terms (e.g., bitchy, sleazy). The second related to the opportunities non- and light-drinking offered for expressing alternate and desirable configurations of femininities and masculinities., Conclusions: We identified an intolerance towards regressive constructions of gender that emphasise weakness for women and strength for men and a valorisation of gendered expressions of maturity through controlled drinking. Though subtle differences in gendered drinking practices between and within countries were observed, our findings offer insight into how young people's enactions of gender are embedded in, and evolve alongside, these large declines in youth drinking., Competing Interests: Declarations of Interest None., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Youth drinking has declined across most high-income countries in the last 20 years. Although researchers and commentators have explored the nature and drivers of decline, they have paid less attention to its implications. This matters because of the potential impact on contemporary and future public health, as well as on alcohol policy-making. This commentary therefore considers how youth drinking trends may develop in future, what this would mean for public health, and what it might mean for alcohol policy and debate. We argue that the decline in youth drinking is well-established and unlikely to reverse, despite smaller declines and stabilising trends in recent years. Young people also appear to be carrying their lighter drinking into adulthood in at least some countries. This suggests we should expect large short- and long-term public health benefits. The latter may however be obscured in population-level data by increased harm arising from earlier, heavier drinking generations moving through the highest risk points in the life course. The likely impact of the decline in youth drinking on public and policy debate is less clear. We explore the possibilities using two model scenarios, the reinforcement and withdrawal models. In the reinforcement model, a 'virtuous' circle of falling alcohol consumption, increasing public support for alcohol control policies and apparent policy successes facilitates progressive strengthening of policy, akin to that seen in the tobacco experience. In the withdrawal model, policy-makers turn their attention to other problems, public health advocates struggle to justify proposed interventions and existing policies erode over time as industry actors reassert and strengthen their partnerships with government around alcohol policy. We argue that disconnects between the tobacco experience and the reinforcement model make the withdrawal model a more plausible scenario. We conclude by suggesting some tentative ways forward for public health actors working in this space., Competing Interests: Declarations of Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

There is concern that the emergence of e-cigarettes could result in an increase in young people's intake of, and exposure to, nicotine. This UK study used friendship group interviews to elicit the perspectives of young people from socioeconomically contrasting backgrounds regarding e-cigarettes. Young people from both advantaged and disadvantaged backgrounds described similar e-cigarette practices in the home environment, and, for both health and sensory reasons, viewed these as preferable to tobacco smoking. Space-related practices of adult e-cigarette use in the home were revealed to be more malleable than those of tobacco use. Results also highlighted that e-cigarettes offered young people new opportunities for nicotine consumption in the home. Methods of storing e-cigarettes in domestic spaces posed safety risks to younger children and easy access to e-cigarettes for others., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: To review the extant literature to explore what is known about children's own perspectives on their health experiences, focussing on children and young people who have migrated into, and within, Europe., Study Design: A systematic review with narrative synthesis., Methods: A review of English language articles was performed in June 2016 using the following databases: MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane and Web of Science. Included articles had to report data generated directly with children, up to 18 years of age, who had migrated across national borders into, or within, Europe during their own lifetimes. Extraction from articles was undertaken by all authors, and quality assessment of included reviews was performed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool., Results: The articles in the final data set included research based on four broad areas: alcohol, smoking and substance use; diet, eating disorders and overweight; emotional, psychological and mental health issues; and children's views and experiences of health and health services. Most studies were cross-sectional analytic or incidence or prevalence studies., Conclusion: There is a general lack of clarity in the literature regarding the reporting of children's own migration status. Children's voices are often subsumed within those of their adult parents or carers. There is a need to promote more child-focussed research which gives voice to migrant children to better understand the complex and multidimensional factors that contribute to their (ill)health., (Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Reducing childhood obesity is an international priority and children's diets, food knowledge and practices have come under intense scrutiny in both policy and popular discourse. Notwithstanding evidence that health interventions which resonate with children's own views are the most effective, there is still relatively little research which mobilises children's everyday perspectives on food to inform public health policy. We report key findings from a qualitative study with 53 children aged 9-10, attending two socio-economically contrasting schools in the UK. The study explored children's understandings of food in everyday life and their ideas about the relationship between food and health. Throughout the study, despite recent attempts to position schools as key sites for public health interventions, children consistently emphasised families as the locus for enduring food practices. The research highlights the value of listening to children and applying our understanding of their perspectives to ensure that public health initiatives work with the important influences on their diet and health that they themselves identify., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)