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Numerical modeling of RF magnetron sputtering discharge of argon plasma properties, using a one-dimensional time-dependent fluid model in presence of the magnetic field, has been developed. The model is based on continuity equation and electron temperature equation coupled with Poisson’s equation. The electron mobility depends on magnetic field and the electron diffusivity is assumed to be dependent of electron energy by Einstein's relation. The flux is calculated by Scharfetter and Gummel schemes. Numerical simulations were resolved by using the Finite Volume Method (FVM) and the Thomas algorithm. The obtained results for the electrical properties, electron and ion densities, electrical potential, electric field and electron temperature, are in good agreement with previous works. A parametric study varying the magnetic field intensity on the discharge properties is done. Keywords: Magnetron sputtering, Electrical properties, Fluid model, Electron diffusivity, Einstein's relation, SG Scheme, Thomas algorithm, Argon gas

Vector transmitted diseases are often a serious threat for child health, especially for children traveller in tropical regions. Few arthropod borne diseases are preventable by immunization or chimioprophylaxis. Prevention of most of them is based on personal protection against arthropod bites. The evidence of its efficacy has been established by the use of impregnated bed nets, impregnated clothes with permethrin or mosquito repellent which reduced significantly child malaria morbidity and mortality in endemic countries. These personal protective measures are able to minimize arthropod bites and prevent Chikungunya infection, dengue fever and Lyme disease. The choice of a repellent among the commercialised products need to be efficacy and safety evidence based. This article propose to raise this issue and to give pragmatic recommendations, with a focus to children below 30 months who are at a high toxicological risk. Severity of these diseases allowed to use potentially toxic repellents if misused.

Each year, half a million of children leave France to travel towards countries south or east of the European Union, sometimes in poor sanitary conditions. In order to propose essential or useful immunizations for these trips, the current synthesis will allow the practitioner to insure that the routine French immunization schedule has been followed, and to complete it if needed, to protect the child according to the epidemiological situation in the visited area, to try to reduce the limitations of the immunization of the traveler child. In case of emergency, or close departure, it may be useful to follow an accelerated schedule of the last minute, and, sometimes, to immunize traveler children with a chronic disease. Informations on Internet sites useful for the knowledge of current infectious risks in the destination country are also provided.

Background: Outcome of patients with retinoblastoma is strongly related to the extent of the disease at diagnosis. Thus, prognosis of extra-ocular retinoblastoma is poor and metastases to central nervous system are usually fatal., Case Report: An 8-year-old child presented with a late recurrence of bilateral retinoblastoma. Initial treatment had associated enuclation of the left eye and radiation therapy on the right. At time of tumour recurrence, clinical examination showed cervical lymph nodes. There was a large frontal metastasis on the CT scan and bone marrow examination showed a minimal involvement by malignant cells. The patient achieved complete remission with high dose etoposide and carboplatin; he subsequently underwent massive chemotherapy followed by bone marrow rescue, and received additional radiation therapy on the frontal and cervical areas. He is well, five years after relapse., Conclusions: This case highlights efficacy of chemotherapy in advanced retinoblastomas. Intensive chemotherapy is a promising and potentially curative approach in the management of advanced or metastatic retinoblastomas.